Does the face specific

完整版)人教版七年级英语下册第五单元知识点总结Unit 5 Why Do You Like Pandas。

Knowledge PointsImportant Phrases:Like。

a lot: Really enjoyBlack and white: The colors black and whiteAll day: The entire dayLet's do: Allow us to doKind of: A little bit。

XXXSouth Africa: A country in southern AfricaCome from/be from: Originating fromSave the elephants: XXX harmOne of: One of manyA symbol of good luck: A XXXGet lost: XXXCut down: To chop downFor a long time: A lengthy d of timeIn great danger: XXX dangerXXX ivory: XXXPlaces with food and water: XXX sustenanceKill。

for: To take the life of an animal for a specific purpose1.Seeing Pandas: Observing pandas2.My Favorite Animals: XXX XXX3.e to SP: Greetings to SP4.e Back to SP: Greetings to SP upon returning5.From: Originating from6.In the Zoo: Located in a zoo7.On the Farm: Located on a farm8.My New Pet: XXX9.XXX: Bipedal movement10.Kind of: XXX11.Kind of Interesting: XXX12.A XXX: XXX13.A Little Boring: XXX14.A Kind of: A type of15.All Kinds of: Many different types of16.All Day: The entire day17.A Good Name for XXX: A fitting name for a person18.South Africa: A country in southern Africa19.South China: The southern n of China20.South America: The southern n of the Americas21.America。

Unit 6 Vocabulary1. blackmail (n.) :the obtaining of money or advancement by threatening to make known unpleasant facts about a person or group敲诈；勒索2. suite ( n.) [swi:t]: a group of connected rooms used as a unit，such as an apartment一套房间3. cryptic ( adj.) :having a hidden or ambiguous meaning；mysterious隐蔽的，秘密的；神秘的4. fray ( v．) :make or become weakened or strained(使)变弱；(使)紧张5. dispatch ( v．) :send off or out promptly，usually on a specific errand or official business(迅速地)派遣，派出(常指特别差事或公事)6. errand ( n.) :a trip to carry a message or do adefinite thing，esp. for someone else差事(尤指为别人送信或办事)7. piggy ( adj. ) : like a pig；gluttonous猪一般的；贪婪的(=piggish)8. sardonic ( adj.) :bitter，scornful，ironic or sarcastic讥讽的；嘲笑的sardonically adv．9. gross ( adj.) : big or fat and coarse—looking；corpulent肥胖的，臃肿的；粗壮的10. jowl ( n.) :the fleshy，hanging part under the lower jaw下颚的下垂部分11. en’compass ( v．) :shut in all around；surround；encircle 围绕，环绕12. flip ( v．) :toss or move with a quick jerk；flick(用指等)轻弹；轻拂13. de’cor ( n.) :[Fre.]decoration[法语]装饰，装璜14. obese ( adj. ) :very fat；stout；corpulent过度肥胖的；肥大的15. appreciative ( adj.) :feeling or showing appreciation欣赏的；有欣赏力的；有眼力的；有鉴赏力的16. in’congruous ( adj.) :lacking harmony or agreement; incompatible不和谐的；不调和不相容的；自相矛盾的17. fal’setto: ①n．an artificial way of singing or speaking，in which the voice is placed in a register much higher than that of the natural voice假声(说、唱)②adj.假声的；用假声唱的18. emission ( n.) :the act of sending out or giving forth (heat，light，smell)；the action of uttering (sound)(热、光、气味等的)散发，放出；(声音等的)发出19. spit ( v．) :eject，throw(out)，emit，or utter explosively喷出，吐出；激烈地说出20. savagery ( n.) :savage act，behavior，or disposition；barbarity暴行；残忍；凶猛21. blandness ( n.) :being mild and soothing温和，和蔼；文雅22. adversary ( n.) : person who opposes or fights against another；opponent敌手；敌方；对手Adverse23. hightail ( v.) :[colloq．]leave or go in a hurry；scurry off (chiefly in hightail it )[口]匆忙离开，匆忙走开；迅速撤退；迅速逃走(主要用于hightail it)24. blink ( v．): wink(the eyes)rapidly；cause(eyes)to wink眨(眼)；使眨(眼)25. ‘in’bred ( adj.) : innate or deeply instilled天生的，生来的，先天的highbredlowbred26. flicker ( v．) :move with a quick，light，wavering motion摇曳，摇动，晃动27. interject ( v．) :throw in between；interrupt with打断；插入，插(话)28. clasp ( v．) :hold tightly(with the arms or hands)；grasp firmly握住；紧握29. conceal ( v．) :put out of sight；hide把……藏起来，隐藏，隐匿30. puff ( v．) :blow，drive，give forth，etc．in or with a puff or puffs(一阵阵地)吹；喷出31. leastways ( adv．) : leastwise；anyway(多用于口语)至少；无论如何32. smug (adj.) :narrowly contented with one’s own accomplishments，beliefs，morality，etc．；self—satisfied to an annoying degree沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的；自满的33. tuck ( v．) :put into a secluded or isolated spot 把……放入隐蔽或隔离的地方；使隐蔽；(收)藏起34. cluck ( v．) :make a low，sharp，clicking sound，as of a hen calling her chickens or brooding；utter with such a sound(母鸡唤小鸡时的)咯咯叫，作咯咯叫声；(人)咯咯地叫；咯咯地说35. reproving ( adj. ) :expressing disapproval of指责的；非难的／reprovingly adv．36. hunch ( n.) :[colloq．]a feeling about something not based on known facts；premonition or suspicion[口]预感，预兆；疑心37. jockey ( n.) :[Am．slang]one who operates aspecified vehicle，machine，etc．[美俚](某种车辆的)驾驶员；(机器等的)操作者38. bust ( v．) :[slang]burst or break[俚](使)爆裂，(使)击破39. despairing ( adj.) :feeling or showing despair；hopeless绝望的，没有希望的／despairingly adv．40. shrug ( v．) :draw up(the shoulders)，as in expressing indifference，doubt，disdain，contempt，etc．(为表达冷漠、无奈等)耸肩41. twig ( v．) :[Brit．colloq．]observe；notice[英口]观察；注意42. discreet ( adj.) :careful about what one says or does；prudent：keeping silent or preserving confidences when necessary (言行)谨慎的；慎重的；考虑周到的／discreetly adv．43. holler ( v．) :[colloq．]shout or yell[口]叫喊，呼喊44. oafish( adj.) :stupid愚蠢的，笨拙的oaf. n45. grotesque (adj.) :ludicrous, eccentric or strange；ridiculous；absurd怪僻的；荒谬的；滑稽可笑的46. une’quivocal ( adj.) :not equivocal；not ambiguous；plain；clear不含糊的；不模棱两可的；明确的；明白的equivocal47. bulbous (adj.) :shaped like a bulb；fat and round (often derog．)球茎形的；又肥又圆的(常用作贬义)48. countenance ( n.) :the face；facial features脸,面孔;面貌，面容，脸色49. peremptory (adj. ) :intolerantly positive；dictatorial；dogmatic；imperious高傲的；武断的；专横的；强制的／peremptorily adv．50. rivet ( v．) :fix or hold(the eyes，attention，etc．)firmly(把目光、注意力等)集中于……rivet 铆钉, 固定51. imperious (adj.) : overbearing；arrogant；masterful，domineering傲慢的；专横的；盛气凌人的52. respite ( n.) ['rɛspɪt] : an interval of temporary relief or rest暂时的休息；暂时的喘息53. vacillation ( n.) :the state of wavering in mind；hesitation；indecision犹豫；踌躇54. dally ( v．) :be slow or waste time闲荡；延误55. bulge ( v．) :swell or bend outward；protrude or project膨胀，肿胀；鼓起，隆起，突出56. beady ( adj.) :(esp．of an eye) small，round，and glittering like a bead(尤指眼睛)似珠子般小而亮的bead n. 珠子,珠状短语(Expressions)57. put out: stop sth．burning熄灭例：I threw water over him．desperately trying to put out the flames．我往他身上泼水，拼命地想扑灭他身上的火焰。

孤独的英语作文在平平淡淡的日常中，大家都接触过作文吧，写作文可以锻炼我们的独处习惯，让自己的心静下来，思考自己未来的方向。

作文的注意事项有许多，你确定会写吗？下面是店铺帮大家整理的关于孤独的英语作文（精选11篇），仅供参考，希望能够帮助到大家。

孤独的英语作文1any people feel lonely sometimes.It usually lasts only a short while.For some people,though, loneliness can last for years.Researchers say there are three types of loneliness.The first kind of loneliness is temporary. This is the most common type.It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention. The second kind, situational loneliness is a natural result of a particular situation for example, a family problem, the death of a friend, etc. Although this kind of loneliness can cause headaches or sleeplessness,it usually doesnt last for more than a year.The third kind of loneliness is the most severe. Unlike the other two types, it usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause. Unfortunately, many chronically lonely peopie think there is little they can do to improve their condition.Psychologists agree that one important factor is a persons social contacts, e.g. friends, family members, coworkers, etc. We depend on various people for different reasons. However. psychologists have found that, though lonely people may have many social contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more. They question their popularity.Psychologists are trying to find ways to help habitually lonely people: they are unhappy and unable to socialize and there is a connection between chronic loneliness and serious illness suchas heart disease. While temporary and situational loneliness can be a normal, healthy part of life, chronic loneliness can be a sad, and sometimes dangerous condition.很多人都曾感到过孤独。

管理英语4形考答案本（国开形考）自测单元1一、选择填空题（每题10分，共5题）题目1— Is it possible for you to work out the plan tonight?—__________正确答案是：I think so.题目2— I think things have been a bit difficult for us the last couple of months.—__________. We've been working hard, but still getting behind.正确答案是：You're right题目3The Human Resource Managing Department at Honda is given specific instructions ______ employ the best possible workers.正确答案是：on how to题目4Even the best continually seek ways to ______ their skills.正确答案是：sharpen题目5The responsibilities in handbook ______ that managers have to be concerned with efficiency and effectiveness in the work process.正确答案是：indicate题目6二、听力理解：听录音，选择最佳答案（共50分）。

请听录音：操作提示：通过下拉选项框，选择答案。

1. What kind of role is Melinda taking on for her job? 回答A. HR manager.B. Project manager.C. Project coordinator.2. How long will Melinda be trained for her new role? 回答A. One month.B. Half a month.C. One year.3. How often should Melinda report to the board on the progress of the project? 回答A. Once a month.B. Twice a month.C. Once a week.4. What kind of contract can Melinda sign with outside contractors? 回答A. Permanent worker contract.B. Standard temporary-worker contract.C. Standard industry contract.5. Which one does NOT belong to Melinda's responsibilities? 回答A. Formulate the industry standard of payment.B. Manage and coordinate her project team.C. Report the project progress to the board.答案：1.C 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.A—Could you give us a speech on management functions some day this week?—________________.正确答案是：I'd love to, but I'm busy this week题目2—Is it possible for you to work out the plan tonight?—__________正确答案是：I think so.题目3It is through enthusiasm and quiet intensity ______ we transform creativity and vision into the technologies.正确答案是：that题目4The responsibilities in handbook ______ that managers have to be concerned with efficiency and effectiveness in the work process.正确答案是：indicate题目5______ CEOs spend planning, the more profitable their companies are.正确答案是：The more time一、选择填空题（每题10分，共5题）题目1—We could let some of the staff work from home.________________?— That's a good idea.正确答案是：What do you think of it题目2— This project is too big for me to finish on time.—________________.正确答案是：I'll give you a hand题目3The Human Resource Managing Department at Honda is given specific instructions ______ employ the best possible workers.正确答案是：on how to题目4Supervisors should ______ their employees in two-way communication so that understanding takes place.正确答案是：engage题目5______ his anger the employees called him Mr. Thunder, but they loved him.正确答案是：Due to题目6二、阅读理解：根据文章内容，判断正误（共50分）。

知觉的功能知觉PerceptionProcesses of Sensation, Perception, &Cognition有时，我们能够察觉不可能存在的东西7视觉模式识别（（模板匹配模型（（与模板理论相比，特征模型的优点混战场模型（整体优先效应Global Precedence Effect (Navon, 1977)Kinney特征理论的生理学和神经学证据Gibson, 1969任务：两个字母相同还是不同？V1 LGN What 和Where 通路计算途径（Biederman et al ., 1985Biederman et al ., 1985无字数要求，提交打印纸质版截止时间：30Bottom 知识、期望31Biederman et al ., 197332Schacter Key Themes of Cognitive PsychologyObject PerceptionThe gestalt principles of organizationPalmer, 1977Face PerceptionFaces: The fascinating test case for many of the Questions on Face Processing Questions on Face ProcessingMargaret Thatcher illusionRotate this!Thompson, 1980Thompson, P. (1980). Margaret Thatcher: A new illusion.Perception, 9(4), 483-484Rotate this!Processing45Nonhuman primate species alsoexhibits the Thatcher effectAdachi, I. et al. (August 11, 2009). Thatcher effect in monkeys demonstratesconservation of face perception across primates. Current Biology, 19, 1270-1273Adachi, I. et al. (August 11, 2009). Thatcher effect in monkeys demonstratesconservation of face perception across primates. Current Biology, 19were presented in 5153Within-items design舒华, 张亚旭. (2008). 心理学研究方法：实验设计和数据分析. 北京：人民教育出版社Bottom line55The configural setThe featural setFace Processingthey had had at least nine years of visual experience after treatment before testingseverely impaired at differentiating faces that differed only in the spacing of their featuresnormal in distinguishing those varying only in the shape of individual featuresFarah 59Tanaka & Farah, 1993Study phaseassociate names with faces or housesTest phaseforced choice (part vs. whole condition)Resultsno difference between the whole and part conditions for housesperformance in the whole condition was much better than in the part condition for facesConclusionObject recognition is analytic and part-based, whereas face recognition is holistic and configuralIdentity(actor/non-actor) vs. gender discrimination [12]Viewing faces vs. non-sensepictures [33, 32]Viewing faces vs. non-face objects [6, 7]61The Models of Face Recognition63Neural System for Face Perception ( et al65666768 de GelderSelf Face Recognition72Keenan et al. 2000.Neuropsychologia, 38, 1047-1053Results Questions for this Lecture ReferencesReferences。

20232024学年第一学期八县（市、区）一中期末联考高中二年英语科试题命题学校：长乐一中考试日期：1月30日完卷时间：120分钟满分：150分第一部分：听力（共两节；每小题1.5分，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节：听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. What does the man buy online?A. Books.B. Clothes.C. Shoes.2. What is the man’s boss like?A. She is serious.B. She is humorous.C. She is sociable.3. What are the speakers talking about?A. Healthy food.B. Eating habits.C. Weight loss.4. Why did the woman leave her former job?A. It required professional skills.B. It was a badlypaid job.C. It wasn’t challenging.5. How will the man deal with the printer?A. Exchange it.B. Return it.C. Have it fixed.第二节(共15 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分22.5 分)听下面 5 段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。

2022年职称英语B级考试考试时间120分钟试卷满分考试方式第I卷第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)略第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A（短文略）21. The brown bear approached the family in order to _______.A. catch shore birdsB. start an attackC. protect the childrenD. set up a barrier for itself22. The bear finally went away after it _______.A. felt safeB. got injuredC. found some foodD. took away the camera23. The writer and his family survived mainly due to their ______ .A. prideB. patienceC. calmnessD. cautiousnessB（短文略）24. What is true about Domino's in economic hard times?A. It is giving its employees a 20 percent cut.B. It has added four or five new cheaper pizzas.C. It has to close 15 percent of its stores.D. Its business is increasing quite rapidly.25. What does the phrase "let off steam" mean in the third paragraph?A. Save money.B. Free one's feelings.C. Kill another player online.D. Make money from an online game.26. How does the author present his point?A. By giving examples.B. By showing a sequence.C. By explaining causes and effects.D. By making comparisons and contrasts.27. Which is the best title for the passage?A. Domino's PizzaB. In-house EconomyC. Increasing BusinessesD. Economic RecessionC短文略28. The writer thinks that setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake because _______ .A. it is hard to achieve for most AmericansB. it is focused too much on the resultC. it is dependent on too many thingsD. it is based on actionable decisions29. In Roland Fryer’s research, some students did better than the others because ______ .A. they obeyed all the general rulesB. they paid more attention to examsC. they were motivated by their classmatesD. they were rewarded for reading some books30. According to the writer, which of the following statements is a good goal?A. “I’ll give up desert.”B. “I’ll study harder.”C. “I’ll cut down my expense”D. “I’ll spend more time with my family”31. The writer strongly believes that we should ________ .A. develop good habits and focus on the outcomeB. be optimistic about final goals and stick to themC. pick specific actions that can be turned into good habitsD. set ambitious goals that can balance the input and outputD（短文略）17. The passage serves as a ____.A. travel guidelinesB. hotel introductionC. service assessment reportD. sales promotionStone Town has a positio n in the UNESCO’s list probably because of its______.A. easy access to attractionsB. perfectly geographic locationC. historical and cultural richnessD.breath-taking island sceneryWhat can be learned about the architecture of Park Hyatt Zanzibar?A. The hotel is built on an empty land.B. Architect used an existing building and made it part of the hotel.C. The hotel presents a brand new style, reminding guests nothing but present.D. Besides Mamboo Msiige, Zamani has a story of history and present as well.The following statements agree to this article EXCEPT _____Zanzibar had a history of being ruled by foreign powers.Zanzibar’s culture has been influenced by some Asian and European ones.Park Hyatt Zanzibar suits both holiday mood and business atmosphere.Park Hyatt Zanzibar offers an affordably low-cost experience.第二节(共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选修七Module 3练（一）第Ⅱ卷强化增分练——练规范(限时：45分钟)Ⅰ.语法填空(2022·辽宁省东北育才中学第五次模拟)There's no reason why women return to school. Going back to school provides private and public benefits. College graduates, generally enjoy higher salaries, __1__ (employ) more consistently, and work in nicer conditions. College-educated people vote more, give more to charity, and rely __2__ (little) on government support.Making the switch from __3__ (support) to supporting oneself can be a challenge, __4__ often a necessary one. Financial __5__ (dependent) for women is key, says Nancy Schlossberg, professor at University of Maryland. “I think __6__ important for women to do some direct achievement, because chances are that women will live alone in later life, either divorced __7__ never married.”To Schlossberg, education is critical in the long run. She says, “You are going to do much better than before __8__ you have a good education; you are going to be happier than before on condition that you have__9__ education that enables you to do what you have to do in life. The question is __10__ you are ready at this time to go for it.”语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。

2023北京首都师大附中高一（上）期中英语第一部分：听力理解第一节听下面4段对话。

每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话你将听一遍。

1． What is the man's attitude towards the plan？A.He doesn't care.B.He thinks it's reasonable.C.He is against it.2． When did The Lion King become a prize winner？A.In the mid 1990sB.In the early 1990sC.In the late 1990s3． What does the man want the guy in apartment 4 B o do？A.Turn off the music after 10：00 p.m.B.Turn down the music volume.C.Keep quiet after midnight.4． What does the woman mean？A.Cathy will be at the party.B.Cathy is too busy to come.C.Cathy isn't going to be invited.第二节听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听每段对话前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。

听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话你将听两遍。

5．（2分）（1）What do the two speakers intend to do first？A.Go to a playB.Go to an exhibitionC.Go to a movie（2）Why doesn't Fred want to go to the concert？A.Because the tickets are hard to get.B.Because he isn't into that kind of music.C.Because there is a bad review.6．（2分）（1）Why does the woman talk to the man？A.Because she cannot find her necklace.B.Because she isn't satisfied with the service.C.Because she wants to make a complaint.（2）What will the man do next？A.Report to the managerB.Report to the policeC.Investigate the case7．（2分）（1）What does the woman say about the science book？A.It's of little value.B.It's in bad condition.C.It's an old edition.（2）Why is the woman unwilling to buy more textbooks？A.Because she isn't sure what textbooks will be used.B.Because she doesn't have enough money to buy more.C.Because she doesn't like books marked with notes.8．（2分）（1）How old is the woman？A.23B.27C.28（2）What will the two speakers do tonight？A.Have dinner togetherB.Go to a movie togetherC.Go to the library together9．（2分）（1）Which of the following shows good time management？C.Devoting all the time to a particular activity.（2）What is the speaker mainly talking about？A.The ways to manage timeB.The benefits of time managementC.The difficulty of time management第三节听下面一段独白，完成第1至4四道小题，每小题仅填写一个词。

2023北京高三一模英语汇编阅读理解C篇一、阅读理解（2023·北京东城·统考一模）Many people have participated into lots of virtual meetings these years. Some research shows this adjustment might not impact workplace productivity to any great degree. A new study, though, suggests otherwise.In the study, 602 participants were randomly paired and asked to come up with creative uses for a product. They were also randomly selected to work together either in person or virtually. The pairs were then ranked by assessing their total number of ideas, as well as those concepts’ degree of novelty, and asked to submit their best idea. Among the groups, virtual pairs came up with significantly fewer ideas, suggesting that something about face-to-face interaction generates more creative ideas. The findings could stiffen employers’ resolve to urge or require their employees to come back to the office.“We ran this experiment based on feedback from companies that it was harder to innovate with remote workers,” said lead researcher Melanie Brucks. “Unlike other forms of virtual communication, like phone calls or e-mail, videoconferencing copies the in-person experience quite well, so I was surprised when we found meaningful differences between in-person and video interaction for idea generation. ”When random objects were placed in both the virtual and physical rooms, the virtual pairs of participants spent more time looking directly at each other rather than letting their look wander about the room and taking in the entire scene. Eyeing one’s whole environment and noticing the random objects were associated with increased idea generation. On platforms, the screen occupies our interactions. Our look wavers less. “Looking away might come across as rude, ” said Brucks,“so we have to look at the screen because that is the defined context of the interaction, the same way we wouldn’t walk to another room while talking to someone in person. ”Like most educators, Brucks has primarily taught virtually in the past three years, and she did notice some benefits of the approach as well. Her students were more likely to take turns speaking and her shyer students spoke up more often, rid of the anxiety that comes from addressing a large classroom. Brucks found that one solution to improving virtual idea generation might be to simply turn off the camera, for her students felt “freer” and more creative when asked to do so. And this may be sound advice for the workplace.Virtual teamwork can’t replace face-to-face teamwork. Idea selection proficiency (能力) is only valuable if you have strong options to select from, and face-to-face teams are the best means to generate winning options. Perhaps the workplace will find a compromise—a sweet spot in the middle that balances working from both home and office.1．What does the underlined word “stiffen” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?A．Shake.B．Revise.C．Challenge.D．Strengthen.2．At first, lead researcher Melanie Brucks might think that ________.A．videoconferencing can’t compare with in-person communicationB．participants should make eye contact in an online meetingC．the feedback from companies seems questionableD．creative ideas may emerge from casual thoughts3．What can we learn about Brucks’ class?A．Her students relieved anxiety by speaking up.B．Her students progressed in focusing attention.C．Her students took advantage of virtual learning.D．Her students displayed talent for public speaking. 4．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A．Interacting Virtually Impacts Working Participation B．Maintaining Teamwork Improves Idea Generation C．Grouping Randomly Increases Productivity D．Brainstorming Online Limits Creativity （2023·北京西城·统考一模）Imagine a simple blood test that could flag most kinds of cancers at the earliest, most curable stage. Liquid biopsies could, in theory, detect a tumor (肿瘤) well before it could be found by touch, symptoms or imaging. Blood tests could avoid the need for surgeons to cut tissue samples and make it possible to reveal cancer hiding in places needles and scalpels cannot safely reach. They could also determine what type of cancer is taking root to help doctors decide what treatment might work best to destroy it.Liquid biopsies are not yet in hand, because it is hard to find definitive cancer signals in a tube of blood, but progress in recent years has been impressive. Last year the journal Science published the first big prospective study of a liquid biopsy for DNA and proteins from multiple types of cancers. Though far from perfect, the blood test called CancerSEEK found 26 tumors that had not been discovered with conventional screenings.Liquid biopsies can rely on a variety of biomarkers in addition to tumor DNA and proteins, such as free-floating cancer cells themselves. But what makes the search difficult, Ana Robles, a cancer biologist of the National Cancer Institute, explains, is that “if you have an early-stage cancer or certain types of cancer, there might not be a lot of tumor DNA,” and tests might miss it. The ideal blood test will be both very specific and very sensitive so that even tiny tumors can be found. To tackle this challenge, CancerSEEK looks for cancer-specific mutations (突变) on 16 genes, and for eight proteins that are linked to cancer and for which there are highly sensitive tests.Simple detection is not the only goal. An ideal liquid biopsy will also determine the likely location of the cancer so that it can be treated. “Mutations are often shared among different kinds of cancer, so if you find them in blood, you don’t know if that mutation is coming from a stomach cancer or lung cancer,” says Anirban Maitra, a cancer scientist at the Anderson Cancer Center. To solve that problem, some newer liquid biopsies look for changes in gene expression. Such changes, Maitra notes, are “more organ-specific”.On the nearer horizon are liquid biopsies to help people already diagnosed with cancer. Last year the government approved the first two such tests, which scan for tumor DNA so doctors can select mutation-targeted drugs. Scientists are working on blood tests to detect the first signs of cancer recurrence (复发) in patients who have completed treatment. This work is moving fast, but does it save lives?That is the question companies such as Thrive and Grail must answer for their broadly ambitious screening tests. “These companies have to prove that they can detect early cancer and, more important, that the early detection can have an impact on cancer survival,” Maitra observes.5．According to the passage, liquid biopsies are expected toA．flag cancer and determine the treatmentB．detect cancer signals from a sample of bloodC．take images of tumors and prevent potential cancersD．show types of cancer by measuring the amount of proteins6．What can we learn from the passage?A．Signs of cancer recurrence are not detectable.B．Different kinds of cancer have different gene mutations.C．Biomarkers are much more reliable than tumor DNA and proteins.D．Organ-specific cancers will be identified through changes in gene expression.7．The author is mostly concerned about whether .A．liquid biopsies can discover tumors conventional screenings can’t findB．liquid biopsies can improve the application of mutation-targeted drugsC．liquid biopsies can help save the lives of those with cancerD．liquid biopsies can be developed for cancer prevention（2023·北京海淀·统考一模）To a chef, the sounds of lip smacking, slurping and sallwing are the highest form of fltery (恭维). But to someone with a certain type of misophonia (恐音症), these same sounds can be torturous. Brain scans are now helping scientists start to understand why.People with misophonia experience strong discomfort, annoyance or disgust when they hear particular triggers. These can include chewing, swallowing, slurping, throat clearing, coughing and even audible breathing. Researchers previously thought this reaction might be caused by the brain overactively processing certain sounds. Now, however, a new study published in Journal of Neuroscience has linked some forms of misophonia to heightened “mirroring” behavior in the brain: those affected feel distress while their brains act as if they were imitating the triggering mouth movements."This is the first breakthrough in misophonia research in 25 years, " says psychologist Jennifer J. Brout, who directs the International Misophonia Research Network and was not involved in the new study.The research team, led by Newcastle University neuroscientist Sukhbinder Kumar, analyzed brain activity in people with and without misophonia when they were at rest and while they listened to sounds. These included misophonia triggers (such as chewing), generally unpleasant sounds (like a crying baby), and neutral sounds. The brain's auditory (听觉的) cortex, which processes sound, reacted similarly in subjects with and without misophonia. But in both the resting state and listening trials, people with misophonia showed stronger connections between the auditory cortex and brain regions that control movements of the face, mouth and throat, while the controlled group didn't. Kumar found this connection became most active in participants with misophonia when they heard triggers specific to the condition.“Just by listening to the sound, they activate the motor cortex more strongly. So in a way it was as if they were doing the action themselves,” Kumar says. Some mirroring is typical in most humans when witnessing others' actions; the researchers do not yet know why an excessive (过分的) mirroring response might cause such a negative reaction, and hope to address that in future research. “Possibilities include a sense of loss of control, invasion of personal space, or interference with current goals and actions, " the study authors write.Fatima Husain, an llinois University professor of speech and hearing science, who was not involved in the study, says potential misophonia therapies could build on the new findings by counseling patients about handling unconscious motor responses to triggering sounds- not just coping with the sounds themselves. If this works, sheadds, one should expect to see reduced connected activity between the auditory and motor cortices.8. It can be learnt from the new study that .A. misophonia sufferers can't help imitating the triggersB. people with misophonia are more likely to flatter chefsC. the brains of people with misophonia overreact to sounds stronglyD. misophonia sufferers tend to have similar annoying activities in their brains9. Compared with people without misophonia, people with misophonia .A. suffer less severely at the resting stateB. own markedly different brain structuresC. react more negatively at a mirroring responseD. lose control of their facial movements easily10. What might be the significance of the study?A. Improving speech and hearing science.B. Developing a treatment for misophonia.C. Drawing people's attention to misophonia.D. Promoting human brain structure research.（2023·北京朝阳·统考一模）Clown fish live their adult lives in the protective arms of sea anemones, the small brightly colored sea animals attached onto rocks to house clown fish. Between birth and adulthood, however, the fish have to complete a treacherous journey. After hatching, they swim out to the open sea to finish developing. After maturing, the young fish swim back, during which they have to avoid a “wall of mouths” by sensing the unfriendly smells. With ocean acidification, a trend that is occurring worldwide, scientists began to wonder what might happen to fish’s sense of smell.My team put 300 recently hatched clown fish in our lab. When we introduced a friendly fish odor (气味), they did not react. But when we introduced an enemy odor, they swam away. We then repeated the experiment with 300 new hatchlings from the same parents in the more acidic water-a level we can expect by the year 2100 if current trends continue. When we introduced friendly and unfriendly smells at the same time, the fish seemed unable to make up their minds, spending equal time swimming toward one smell and the other. They could sense chemical signals but couldn’t recognize the meaning of them.It is always tricky to say that behaviors seen in a lab would also be seen in the wild. So we went to a sandy lake near one of the Great Barrier Reef’s northern islands to test how wild-caught damselfish would react to enemy smells after exposing them to acidic water. In a tank, about half of them held in water with acidity expected by 2050 were attracted to the unfriendly odor and half were not, yet not one held in water anticipated by 2100 avoided being attracted to the enemy odor. We then let the marked damselfish loose in the lake. The fish once held in the most acidic water swam farther away from their protective home. Can fish adapt? Most studies have habituated fish to lifted acidic conditions over a few days or months-an extremely short length of time. The animals are not given a realistic opportunity to adapt. Yet some scientists thought that fish might escape the anger of ocean acidification, in part because early research done in the 1980s showed that certain animals had an astonishing ability to regulate their internal chemistry to survive acidified water. But maintaining normal functions such as avoiding danger is a different challenge.At a minimum, confusion could place yet another stressor on fish already challenged by rising watertemperatures, overfishing, etc. Further, if many ocean creatures start to behave strangely, entire food webs and ecosystems could come crashing down. Although the science is still new, the results appear to be lining up: ocean acidification is messing with fish’s minds.11．What does the underlined word “treacherous” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A．Risky.B．Hurried.C．Mysterious.D．Helpless.12．What can we learn about the fish in the acidic water?A．They lost their senses to chemical signals.B．They were less likely to respond to threats.C．Their behavior in the lab disappeared in the wild.D．They tended to seek the protection from their home.13．What can be inferred from the passage?A．The author’s study confirms previous findings.B．Fish’s adaptation to acidic water is a matter of time.C．Different fishes behave differently to acidity change.D．The chances of restoring fish’s minds are yet to be seen.14．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A．What Do Different Stressors Do to Ocean Creatures?B．What Does Ocean Acidity Mean to Ocean Creatures?C．How Does Ocean Acidification Destroy the Ecosystem?D．How Do Ocean Creatures Adapt to Ocean Acidification?（2023·北京丰台·统考一模）Many people would answer the question of what makes us human by insisting that we are cultural beings. There is no doubt that we are. But one definition of culture is the totality of traditions acquired in a community by social learning from other individuals, and many animal species have traditions. Can we then say that some animals are cultural beings too?One approach to study culture in animals is the so-called Method of Exclusion (排除), in which scientists investigate behavioral variations across populations of one species. In a famous study, scientists learned that chimpanzee (黑猩猩) behaviors were socially passed on as they were present at some sites but not at others, despite having same ecological settings. For example, chimpanzees in Tai National Park in Ivory Coast are well-known for their nut-cracking skills. Chimpanzees in Gombe national part in Tanzania, on the other hand, do not crack nuts, although nuts exist in their environment too.However, when applying the Method of Exclusion, one has to be very careful. There are other factors that could also explain the pattern of behavioral evaluation. For example, some of the chimpanzee techniques scientists evaluated occur in only one of the three subspecies. So it’s quite possible that these behaviors also have an innate component. This would mean that one chimpanzee subspecies uses a new technique not out of cultural tradition, but because the behavior is fixed to specific genes. Another factor that has to be excluded is of course the environment Chimpanzees in Mahale do not fish algae (水藻), simply because algae does not exist there.But when we exclude all the variations that can be explained by genes or environment, we still find that animals do show cultural variations. Does that mean there is no real difference between them and us after all? Not exactly: There is a fundamental difference between human and animal culture. Only humans can build culturally on what generations before us have learned. This is called “cumulative culture”. We don’t have to keep reinventing the wheel. This is called the “ratchet (棘轮) effect”. Like a ratchet that can be turned forward but not back, people’s cultural techniques evolve.It is likely that behaviors we see today in chimpanzee cultures could be invented over and over again by individual animals themselves. In contrast, a child born today would not be able to invent a computer without the knowledge of many past generations.15．Why does the author mention the example of the chimpanzees in two parks in Paragraph 2?A．To prove that culture does exist in animals.B．To justify the uniqueness of the research method.C．To compare how chimpanzees behave in different parks.D．To stress the importance of environment in studying culture.16．What does the underlined word “innate” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A．Advanced.B．Inborn.C．Adaptive.D．Intelligent.17．What can we learn from the passage?A．Cumulative culture is what sets humans apart from animals.B．Culure in animals is as worthy to be valued as human culture.C．Animals don’t have the ability to invent behaviors in a community.D．The “ratchet effect” decides if humans can build on past experiences.（2023·北京石景山·Recently, a new discovery has been made in the field of biology that challenges our previous understanding of the origins of life on Earth. For decades, scientists believed that life emerged in a warm, shallow pond, where a series of chemical reactions led to the creation of the first living cells. However, a team of researchers has now uncovered evidence that suggests life may have actually begun in a quite different environment.The discovery was made in a remote part of the ocean, where a team of scientists was exploring a hydrothermal vent (深海热泉) system located deep beneath the surface. Hydrothermal vents release superheated water and gases from the Earth’s mantle (地幔). They create an extreme environment that is unfavourable to most forms of life, but home to a variety of unique organisms.As the scientists collected samples of the vent’s mineral-rich liquid, they noticed something strange. They discovered that it contained a complex network of organic molecules (分子), including amino acids (氨基酸) and other building blocks of life. This was surprising, as hydrothermal vents were previously thought to be empty of life-supporting chemicals. However, the most striking discovery was yet to come. Analysis of the organic molecules revealed that they were not simply the product of chemical reactions in the vent, but rather had been produced by living organisms. This served as evidence of a lively ecosystem that was completely independent of sunlight and the surface world.This discovery has significant implications for our understanding of the origins of life on Earth. The warmpond hypothesis (假说), which has long been the dominant theory, suggests that life emerged in a relatively warm and damp environment. However, the new evidence from the hydrothermal vent system suggests that life may have actually begun in an extreme environment, where survival was only possible through the development of original biochemical pathways. The discovery also raises new questions about the potential for life to exist on other celestial bodies (天体). Hydrothermal vents have been identified on Saturn’s moon Enceladus and Jupiter’s moon Europa. The presence of organic molecules at these sites suggests that unique forms of life may exist.While this discovery is still in its early stages, it is already beginning to reshape our understanding of the origins of life and the potential for life on other planets. It is a testament to the power of scientific exploration and the incredible complexity of life on Earth. As we continue to explore the depths of the ocean and the vast expanse of space, who knows what other surprises and discoveries lie in store.18．What did the scientists newly discover in the vent’s liquid?A．Superheated gases.B．A variety of minerals.C．Life-supporting chemicals.D．Complex forms of life.19．What can we learn from the passage?A．The warm pond hypothesis proves to be right.B．Organic molecules lead to chemical reactions.C．Forms of life were identified in the vents on other planets.D．Original biochemical pathways can occur in severe conditions.20．What is conveyed in the last paragraph?A．Researches help us push the boundaries of technology.B．Scientists have addressed the limitations of the research.C．D．Researchers have confirmed the origins and complexity of life.（2023·北京房山·统考一模）Vast underwater meadows (草甸) of gently waving sea grass cover hundreds of miles up and down the West Coast. These blue-green fields perform a variety of important services. They protect the shoreline from erosion, clear pollutants from the water and provide habitats for all kinds of marine animals.New research suggests sea grass meadows may also mitigate a serious consequence of greenhouse gas emissions: the steady acidification of ocean waters. The study published in the journal Global Change Biology finds that sea grass forests can raise pH levels in coastal waters. As they perform photosynthesis (光合作用), they remove carbon dioxide from the water, counteracting the acidifying effect of the gas.“I think we are all very excited about it,” said lead study author Aurora Ricart, a scientist at the Bigelow Laboratory for Marine Sciences.Ocean acidification is a side effect of rising carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. Some of this CO2 dissolves out of the air and into the sea, causing a chemical reaction that lowers the water’s pH. Scientists sometimes refer to it as global warming’s “evil twin”—an invisible companion to climate change.Ocean acidification can have harmful effects on marine organisms like shellfish and coral by preventing them from properly forming the hard shells they need to survive. It’s a threat both to natural ecosystems and to shellfish fisheries around the world. The study presents a natural way to address the problem.Researchers analyzed six years of data from sea grass meadows spanning more than 600 miles off the California coastline. It focused on the common eelgrass, one of the most widespread sea grass species on the West Coast. The authors claim it’s the largest, most comprehensive study of its kind.According to the study, sea grass ecosystems can raise pH levels by more than 0.1 unit, equivalent to about a 30% decrease in acidity. The effect isn’t constant. It comes in waves and is influenced by temperature, daylight, ocean currents and other factors that affect water chemistry and sea grass photosynthesis rates. But the tempering influence on acidification can be lasting, sometimes persisting for up to three weeks at a time. The study also shows that pH is higher in sea grass ecosystems, compared to nearby areas with no sea grass, about 65% of the time.The study didn’t investigate the effects of higher pH on marine organisms — that’s a question for future research. But there’s reason to believe these meadows may have a positive influence on shellfish and other ocean animals.21．What can we learn from this passage?A．Sea grass forests can lower pH levels of coastal waters.B．Shellfish and corals are not affected by ocean acidification.C．Sea grass meadows can help remove pollutants from the sea water.D．The effects of higher pH on marine organisms were investigated in this study.22．What does the underlined word “mitigate” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?A．Relieve.B．Present.C．Cause.D．Predict.23．Paragraph 7 tells us the research ________.A．findings B．process C．questions D．reflection24．Why does the author write this passage?A．To illustrate the serious situation of climate change.B．To present the living conditions of the underwater meadows.C．To emphasize the importance of research on marine pollution.D．To introduce a natural way to solve the problem of ocean acidification.（2023·北京延庆·统考一模）Making use of the wind, the water or, for more than half of all plant species, animals, plants disperse (散播) seeds far and wide. Frugivores — animals such as gibbons that feed on the fleshy fruits of plants — eat and then excrete (排泄) seeds away from the original tree. The African savanna elephant can carry seeds up to a record-breaking distance of 65 kilometres. This ability to shift geographical ranges will be crucial to plants when it comes to surviving climate change. However, just like all gibbon species, the African savanna elephant is endangered, its population down by 60 percent over the past 50 years.Researchers in Denmark and the USA have published a new study into how the loss of seed-dispersing animals could affect the resilience (恢复力) of forests and other natural ecosystems. According to their research, this loss has already reduced the ability of plants to move in pace with climate change by 60 percent, and in some areas by as much as 95 percent.Evan Fricke, lead author of the study, explains that in order to reach these results, they pulled together existing data from all previous studies and used machine learning to develop models that could estimate the seed dispersal potential of any animal, even ones that are now extinct.The researchers found that, historically, the decline of seed-dispersing animals has had the greatest influence on plants across the temperate (温带的) regions of North and South America, Europe and southern Australia. “Our temperate ecosystems have lost a lot of the natural seed-dispersal function that they would have had.” explains Fricke, referring to large mammals that were once widespread in these regions.Nevertheless, the poor conservation status of many seed-dispersing tropical animals puts plants in regions such as Southeast Asia and Madagascar most at risk today. Without the preservation of such animals, global seed dispersal could decline by a further 15 percent. “The direct implication of this decline is that many plant species will be unable to keep pace with a changing climate,” says Fricke. “That means the potential loss not only of plant biodiversity but of the ecosystem functions that those plants provide.”As wildlife is lost, plants can no longer adapt and survive and forests become less sustainable, which reduces the amount of carbon they can store. They also lose their ability to support wildlife. Whole ecosystems are disrupted. The conclusion, Fricke says, is clear: we must conserve currently endangered species and restore the populations of important seed dispersers. “Independent of climate change, rewilding has the potential to benefit our ecosystems, but in a changing climate, it has the added benefit of increasing the climate resilience of those ecosystems,” he says.25．The author mentions the African savanna elephant in Paragraph 1 is to ________.A．highlight the problem B．predict the endingC．express an opinion D．provide a solution26．What does Fricke conclude from the study?A．plants disperse seeds by way of animals excreting them.B．rewilding can promote the climate resilience of our ecosystems.C．seed-dispersing animals could hardly affect the natural ecosystems.D．the loss of seed-dispersing animals has little influence on temperate regions.27．Which would be the best title of the passage?A．The Resilience of EcosystemsB．The Conservation of Seed-dispersing AnimalsC．Animals That Spread Seeds Are Essential — And Under ThreatD．Animals That Spread Seeds Are Endangered — And Well Protected。