六选四-2020年上海市高三英语一模专项训练

【一模汇编】2020届高三英语一模16区（15份）六选四汇编01. 黄浦区Sustainable Transport in CitiesTransport has always shaped cities. In Medieval times crossroads gave birth to blooming market towns. Many North American cities were created for the car. But how are the cities of today being shaped by a need for more sustainable transport?Many local governments are speeding up change through policy initiatives such as joined transport, congestion charges and low emission zones, sustainable gaining and lifecycle costing, and opening data up to companies and academics. And these city level policies can move markets in more sustainable directions. ___67___ This has resulted in five vehicle manufacturers committing to meeting that deadline, which is both in their own commercial interests and good for the environment.The least dense cities, for example, Houston, have per capita(人均的) carbon emissions nearly ten times higher than the densest, such as Singapore. ___68___ This involves gathering mixed use developments around a key transport center, as with the KL Central area in Kuala Lumpur, built around the largest railway station in Southeast Asia.___69___ Others are using motivations and behavioural change to encourage people to choose more efficient―and often healthier―forms of transport. Copenhagen has a number of progressive cycling policies including the Green Wave, which allows people cycling at 20km/h to hit all green lights during rush hour.Light weighting and new engine and fuel technologies are helping to make existing road and rail vehicles more efficient. ___70___ The main options are hydrogen fuel cells, fossil fuel hybrids, and electric vehicles, and the best solution may well vary from city to city.答案：67-70 DEFBW hether you’re on social media or sending a text message, you encounter emoji (表情符号) regularly. 67 . While most people’s enthusiasm for emoji increased in the smartphone era, Japan has been crazy for emoji since 1999. Designer Shigetaka Kurita invented emoji for a Japanese phone company 20 years ago as a way to make it easier to express ideas in a short message. The word emoji can be translated as “picture character”from Japanese. After the release of Kurit a’s emoji, rival phone companies in Japan began creating their own emoji. Many emoji on our digital devices today are imported from Kurita’s original set of emoji.Japan’s love for emo ji continued well into the 2000s before the rest of the world discovered them. Apple Inc. officially introduced an emoji function in their software in 2011. Soon, other phone companies from around the world made it easier for their customers to use emoji. 68 .As you scroll (滑动) through your phone, you can see the wide selection of available emoji. More than 2,000 emoji are in existence now, with more being released each year. These numbers show the popularity and demand for emoji.Why? Because words alone can’t convey the complete meaning of a digital message. In digital communication, emoji express a tone or mood. More than 90 percent of people online use emoji especially ones that show emotion like hearts and smileys. 69 . For example, they might send a red heart emoji as a response that they really like something instead of writing, “I love that.”Some emoji are also abstract enough for people to use in any way they like. You can send an emoji as an inside joke, which is only understood between you and your friend. 70 . Nor do they belong to a specific culture. You and I give emoji meaning, because emoji is a language that belongs to all of us.答案：67. A 68. D 69. B 70. FGrowing Food from Air in NigeriaA group of farmers in Nigeria is using a technology-based method to grow crops from mist (水汽) in the air. The method, known as aeroponics, does not involve soil. Instead, plant roots hang in the air. The roots take in nutrients from a watery mist.Aeroponics is not well-known in Nigeria, but farmers there are working to make the technique more popular.67Biochemist Samson Ogbole is popularly known as Nigeria’s smart farmer. He and his team are growing crops without soil at the technology-based farm they started three years ago in Abeokuta. Ogbole says they are on a campaign to end seasonal food scarcity in Nigeria. “Because we are the ones controlling everything that the plant requires, we are not depending on seasons. So it’s no longer seasonal farming. It is just farming anytime of the year, meaning we can plant anytime of the year, and we can harvest anytime of the year.”68 It required financing of more than $180,000. And some people in Abeokuta were very much against this non-traditional method of farming. It took a lot of effort to change people’s minds about aeroponics.In Nigeria, about 30 million hectares (公顷) of farmland is being used, instead of the 78.5 million hectares required for food security. In the north, only 49 percent of the land is fertile, a situation that worries traditional farmers. 69 Nutrients for the plants are controlled by a recycling system, greatly increasing productivity.Philip Ojo is director general of Nigeria’s National Agricultural Seeds Council. He says the government welcomes new farming methods. Ojo noted that with aeroponics, farmers can quickly increase planting materials. So, his group strongly supports the technology.The agricultural industry represents about 40 percent of Nigeria’s economy. 70 For now, most farmers lack the technical knowledge to increase productivity. They also need access to high-quality seeds to guarantee better harvests. Technologically skilled farmers like Samson Ogbole are offering a new way forward.答案：67. F 68. A 69. D 70. BWhen he rolls into a gas station to fill his tank, Barkhad Dahir doesn’t get out of his car. He pushes a few buttons on his cellphone and within seconds he has paid for the fuel. With the same quick pushes on his phone he pays for almost everything he needs.Electronic payments offer consumers convenience, provide profits for banks, credit card companies and payment processors and offer merchants improved cash flow and convenience. “I haven’t seen cash for a long time. Alm ost every merchant even hawker(小贩) on the street accepts payment by cellphone. 67. __________” says Adan Abokora, a democracy activist.Purchases are made by dialing a three-digit number, entering a four-digit PIN and then entering the retailer’s payment number and the amount of money. Both customers and merchants receive text messages to confirm the payment.68. __________ For instance, the printing and handling of money is expensive. Cash payments can be anonymous (匿名的) and it is hard to track criminal activities conducted in secret. Many governments favor reducing cash dealings in order to better monitor and understand the activities of their citizens. The Swedish government has been discussing the removing of cash since 2010.69. __________ Do they choose to rob? Do they sit at home and wait? What happens to people who rely on their cellphones to process money dealings when cell service and the Internet are interrupted? A world affected by terrorism and increasingly violent weather may not yet be ready t o abandon currency.”Other people fear that electronic payments may create security risks and enable dealings to be tracked and reported.70. __________ New technologies which balance and address these factors may enable people to remove cash.答案：67----70 ADEFIs Multitasking Always Good?Not only do smartphones provide unrestricted access to information, they provide perfect opportunities to multitask. Any activity can be accompanied by music, selfies or social media updates. Of course, some people pick poor times to tweet or text, and lawmakers have stepped in. __67__ In Honolulu, it’s illegal to text or even look at your phone while crossing the street, and in the Netherlands they’ve banned texting while biking.__68__You need to self-regulate. Understanding how the brain multitasks and why we find multitasking so appealing will help you realize the danger of pulling out your phone.Multitasking feels like doing two things at the same time, so it seems the danger lies in asking one mental process to do two unrelated things — for texting drivers, watching the screen and the road.Twenty states have instituted bans on driving using a hand-held phone while still allowing hands-free calls. Yet hands-free or hand-held makes no difference. __69__The real problem is the switch of attention between the conversation and the road, and that affects performance.People sense this, and when on the phone they drive slower and increase their following distance, but they are far too confident that these measures reduce risks. This overconfidence extends to other activities. A 2015 survey showed that a majority of students who use social media, text or watch TV while studying think that they can still comprehend the material they’re studying.People don’t multitask merely because they see no harm i n it; they see benefits. __70__Most people will still choose to multitask. But they should, at the very least, be fully aware of how that choice affects them and the potential consequences for themselves and others. They need to pay attention to how much — or how little — they are paying attention.答案：67-70: CAEBEssential CreativityIn a recent survey in America, 62% of people said that creativity was more important to success in the workplace than they had anticipated it would be when they were in school.(67) _____________ It is of course possible to scan people’s brains and see which parts are firing when an idea is created, but rather more romantically it can be thought of as something that cannot be identified. Creativity is what comes to you when you least expect it. You cannot demand creativity from your mind, nor can you demand that you are creative in a particular way.One misconception about creativity is that it is reserved for a few special people. This is not true. (68) _____________ Another misconception is that creativity is all about the arts but this simply isn’t true: creativity extends to maths and science in just the way it does to music and literature.Those who see things differently to others and are confident enough to make their ideas a reality are the ones who make the greatest changes in the world. Consequently, it is incredibly important that schools do not prevent creativity.(69) ________________ Students should be taught to ask questions and investigate when things do not make sense. They need to learn to view mistakes as opportunities for learning rather than something that was unsuccessful.It is worrying that many schools are less concerned now with nurturing creativity when this is the most important time in history for it. It used to be that people worked hard, went to university, and got a job. That was it. But now, everyone works hard, goes to university —and there aren’t the j obs out there that guarantee a safe future. (70) ________________ We can use it to set ourselves apart, and channel it to face the challenges of the future.答案：67-70 EFBCSouth Africa still has a long way to go on the right to foodFifty-four percent of South Africans are hungry or at risk of hunger. Hunger affects people’s health, as well as their ability to live full and productive lives because the rights to dignity, health and education are affected by hunger.______67_____ There are significant race, class and gender differences. For example, black South Africans are 22 times more likely to be food insecure compared with white South Africans. Food insecurity is defined as not having physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food that meets dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.This unequal distribution indicates a situation of severe food injustice in South Africa. Yet from the research with urban farmers it’s clear that people do not know of the right to food, and don’t see unequal access to nutritious food as an injustice. ______68_____While there are frequent protests around access to jobs, education, housing, water and electricity, we rarely, if ever, see protests about access to food.One of the drivers of unequal access to food is the way in which the industrial food system works. For example, a few large companies dominate each aspect of the food value chain. ______69_____Because the large companies dominate the supply chain, they are able to maximize profits at the expense of small-scale producers, to whom they pay very low prices.______70_____It needs to ensure that marginalized producers, processors and retailers have an opportunity to earn a decent living. At the same time corporate dominance needs to be addressed.Anyway, at the most basic level, it requires that South Africans know they have a right to food in the first place.答案：67—70: EADBVitamin D3 Improve Heart FunctionA daily dose of vitamin D3 improves heart function in people with heart failure, a five-year University of Leeds research project has found.Dr. Klaus Witte, from the School of Medicine and Consultant Cardiologist at Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, led the study. He said: “This is a significant breakthrough for patients. It is the first evidence that vitamin D3 can improve heart function of people with heart muscle weakness –known as heart failure.” __67__Vitamin D3 can be boosted by exposure to sunlight, but heart failure patients are often deficient in it even during the summer because older people make less vitamin D3 in response to sunlight than younger people. Vitamin D3 production in the skin is also reduced by sunscreen.The study, which was funded by the Medical Research Council, involved more than 160 patients from Leeds who were already being treated for their heart failure using proven treatments including beta — blockers, ACE-inhibitors and pacemakers. __68__ Those patients who took vitamin D3 experienced an improvement in heart function which was not seen in those who took a placebo.__69__ Heart specialists measure heart function by taking an ultrasound scan of the heart and measuring how much blood pumps from the heart with each heartbeat, known as ejection fraction. The ejection fraction of a healthy person is usually between 60% and 70%. In heart failure patients, the ejection fraction is often significantly impaired —in the patients enrolled into the study the average ejection fraction was 26%.In the 80 patients who took Vitamin D3, the heart’s pumping function improved from 26% to 34%. __70__ This means that for some heart disease patients, taking vitamin D3 regularly may lessen the need for them to be fitted with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), a device which detects dangerous irregular heart rhythms and can shock the heart to restore a normal rhythm.答案：67-70 F D B CSlower Walkers Have Slower Minds, Scientists RevealOf all human activities, few are so readily credited with enhancing the power of the mind as going for a good walk. However, those who assume that strolling along at a gentle pace is the symbol of superior intellect should think again, scientists have said. __________67_________Doctors have long used walking speed to gain a quick and reliable understanding of older people’s mental capability, as it is increasingly recognized that pace is associated with not only muscular strength but also the central nervous system. __________68_________The relationship was so obvious, however, that the US scientists now say walking tests could be used to provide an early indication of dementia（痴呆）.Published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, the study revealed an average difference of 16 IQ points between the slowest and the fastest walkers at the age of 45. This reflected both the participants’ natural walking speed and the pace they achieved when asked to walk as fast as they could. __________69_________ Actually, slower walkers were shown to have “speeded aging” on a 19-measure scale devised by researchers, and their lungs, teeth and immune systems tended to be in worse shape than the people who walked faster.The 904 New Zealand men and women who were tested at 45 were tracked from the age of three, each undergoing multiple tests over the years. The long-term data collection enabled researchers to establish that kids with lower IQ scores, lower linguistic ability and weaker emotional control tended to have slower walking speeds by middle age.__________70__________.The research team said genetic factors may explain the link between walking speed, brain capacity and physical health or that better brain health might promote physical activity, leading to better walking speed. Some of the differences in health and intellect may be the result of lifestyle choices individuals have made.答案：67-70 C E A D10. 长宁、金山区The Fullness of TimeMost of us think we have very little time, but the truth is we actually have a lot—on average, five hours 49 minutes each day, which means we typically have somewhere between 36 and 40 hours available to be spent every week however we want. So why don’t we feel time-rich? 67One is that we earn more, so time feels more expensive. Then there’s the way we’ve come to see busyness as a status symbol: important people are busy, so we want to be busy, too. Add to that the flood of incoming emails and texts, along with the endless ocean of possibilities, and it’s easy to see where time goes.A second factor is the comparison we make between what we can do and what others are doing, making us anxious.68 This fools us into thinking we’re being more productive with our work time, so we try to do it with our leisure time, too. When we’re playing with our kids, we check Facebook. When we’re hanging out with one group of friends, we post pictures to show another. This is something sociologists call ‘polluted time’.We’re also addicted to our devices. In 2007, the amount of leisure time we spent on devices like smartphones could be measured in minutes. Now, we spend on average 3.5 hours a day online. 69You might be wondering why you need help deciding how to spend your free time—after all you know the sort of things you enjoy, so what could be so difficult? Psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi has a surprising opinion on it. “The popular assumption is that no skills are involved in enjoying free time, anybody can do it. Yet the evidence suggests the opposite; free time is more difficult to enjoy than work.” Worryingly, scientists have found that people are often no happier after a holiday than if they’d never taken one. 70 The question still remains unsettled.答案：67-70 EABD11. 浦东新区The Ban on Trading Ivory (象牙) is Unfair but NecessaryAs in some countries elephant population have recovered, there are competing proposals about how absolute the ban on elephant trading should be. Countries seeking a modest relaxation have a strong case to make. But it is not strong enough. The ban must stay.Understandably, countries that have done a good job protecting their elephants feel this is unfair. 67. __________________ And the real burden of all this is borne by poor local people who are in competition with wildlife for resources, and sometimes in conflict with it —elephants can be destructive. People and governments, so the argument goes, need to have an economic stake (利害关系) in the elephants’ survival. The ivory trade would give them one.To understand why these reasonable-sounding proposals should be rejected, consider what has happened to elephant numbers since some legal trade was authorised, when Botswana, Namibia and South Africa were allowed in 2007 to sell a fixed amount of ivory to Japan. 68. __________________ A survey conducted in 2014-15 estimated that elephant numbers had fallen by 30% across 18 countries since 2007.69. __________________ In better-resourced national parks, drones are used to make it easier for park keepers to spot illegal hunters. DNA testing of ivory can identify where they came from, and thus whether they are legal. As prices of the technologies fall and countries get richer, both technologies are likely to spread.The objection to trade in products of endangered species is not moral. When the world is confident that it will boost elephant numbers rather than wipe them out, the ivory trade should be encouraged. 70. __________________ And until it does, the best hope for the elephant—and even more endangered species, such as rhinos (犀牛) — lies not in easing the ban on trading their products, but in enforcing it better.答案：67-70 DBEASearch for a Human Face for RobotsLooking for a $130,000 payday? Geomiq, a British engineering and manufacturing firm is searching for a “kind and friendly” face to be the face of a robot once it goes into production. “This will entail (需要) the selected person’s face being reproduced on potentially thousands of versions of the robots worldwide,” Geomiq says in a blog post about the project.Robots have been at the forefront of technology for decades, and are widely considered the future of our technological advancement. With the number of adults over 85 expected to triple by 2050, according to some estimates, robots designed to keep the elderly company are becoming increasingly common.(67) __________________ They do things like responding to voice commands, offering proactive (积极主动的) notifications and advice and letting relatives monitor conditions at home. There is still a long way to go but new robotic products are coming into fruition all the time. Geomiq says the robot line has been in the works for five years and will result in a companion for seniors.The designer has noted in an interview with a select press pool that they can’t release too many details at this stage．(68) __________________The designer has also stressed that unsuccessful candidates will not be contacted. The company says the need for anonymity (匿名) is due to the secretive nature of the project. However, it believes the robot will soon be “readily available” to the public and hopes the campaign will create extra buzz ahead of its eventual release. “We know that this is an extremely unique request, and signing over the licenses to your face is potentially an extremely big decision,” Geomiq said.(69) __________________ The designer has said that the project has been in development for five years, and in that time frame taken on investment from some independent venture capitals as well as a top fund based in Shanghai. The company says the robots’ purpose will be to act as a “virtual friend” for elderly people and is set to go into production next year.The blog post doesn’t share age or gender parameters (参数). (70) __________________ Candidates who make it to the next phase will get full details on the project. “The secrecy, ” Geo miq says, “is due to a non-disclosure agreement it’s signed with the robot’s designer and investors.”答案：67-70 DFEBImagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question: “Should I jump?” This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of the same coin.67 Like the child on the diving board, you will stay undecided.68 More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? First, you need to evaluate yourself, your values, your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires, etc. Only then should you set your goals.You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. This is quite important, because it is directly related to your commitment. There are times when your heart is not in your work. 69 So, slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment. Clarity of thoughts can help you move forward.Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your beliefs, values and strengths. Remember that goals are flexible. They can change according to circumstances. They also need to be measurable. You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals.Your personal circumstances are equally important. For example, you may want to be a Pilot but can’t become one because your eyesight is not good enough. 70 You should reassess your goals, and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal.You will surely need to overcome some difficulties, some planned, but most unplanned. You cannot overcome them without ample motivation. Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals.答案：67.E 68. B 69. A 70. CHow Colleges Can Measure Up in Teaching “Critical Thinking”After becoming president of Purdue University in 2013, Mitch Daniels asked the teaching staff to prove that their students have actually achieved one of higher education’s most important goals: critical thinking skills. ___67___ Mr. Daniels needed to justify the high cost of attending Purdue to its students and their families. After all, the percentage of Americans who say a college degree is “very important” has fallen dramatically in the last 5-6 years.Purdue now has a pilot test to assess students’ critical thinking skills. ____68____ However, they need not worry so much. The results of a recent experiment showed that professors could use standard grading scale to measure how well students did in three key areas: critical thinking, written communication and language literacy.___ 69____ The organizers of the experiment concluded that far fewer students were achieving at high levels on critical thinking than they were doing for written communication or language literacy. And that conclusion is based only on students nearing graduation.American universities, despite their global reputation for excellence in teaching, have only begun to demonstrate what they can produce in real-world learning. Knowledge-based degrees are still important, but employers are demanding advanced thinking skills from college graduates. ____70____答案：67-70 BECAThe price of a piece of historyA fresh lemon can be purchased for less than $1. But in 2008, Cowan's Auctions in Cincinnati sold a lemon blackened with age for $2,350.What was so special about this lemon?____67_______ According to a handwritten note in ink attached to a partly sealed bottle containing the lemon, the fruit was picked in May 1842 by Washington's "old gardener" some 43 years after the first president's deathTwo thousand dollars is a lot to pay for produce, even from the estate of a founding father. This sale, however, just might be considered a bargain compared with prices paid for other historical collectibles in recent years. ____68______ Collecting a piece of history, or an object associated with a famous person, is not brand new. Ordinary objects with extraordinary stories have increasingly been coming to auction and achieving high prices, says Thomas Venning, director of Christie's department of books and manuscripts in London. Prices are being driven up, he says, by collectors in the U.S. and, increasingly, in Asia. The Hawking wheelchair, for example, was purchased by a private museum in China.____69______ For one thing, their history of ownership is both crucial and sometimes difficult to prove. Photographs of the famous person with the object, as well as documentation (such as letters, diaries or recollections by acquaintances referring to the object) can also help. ______70_______ To evaluate the value of a Picasso painting, one can look at recent prices paid for other Picasso paintings of the same period, similar size or style. Finding another recent sale of a lemon planted by George Washington is a different matter.Katie Horstman, head of Cowan's American History department, says she could find no comparable items for the lemon as she prepared the piece for its auction. Ms. Horstman nevertheless eventually arrived at the estimated value at $3,000 to $4,000, she says, by researching auction records for objects somehow associated with Washington that had appeared on the market.Cowans ended up estimating the value of the lemon at $3,000 to $4,000, according to description on its website. Objects associated with Washington these days, Ms. Horstman says, can sell for anywhere from 1,000 up to tens of thousands of dollars.答案：67-70 CABE。

上海市杨浦区2020-2022届（三年）高三一模英语试题分类汇编六选四上海市杨浦区2022届高三一模英语试卷Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The Spotlight EffectHave you ever felt as if the entire world w as watching while you made a mistake? Well, here’s some good news: it’s likely that no one even noticed.The spotlight effect is a trick of the mind that makes us believe that people notice us more often than they really do. ____67____ Every time we do something that is a little different from what we usually do, we may assume that everyone around us will notice. The spotlight effect might happen when we make a mistake in a game, have a bad hair day, or give a terrible answer in class. It can also appear when we score a big goal, ask someone on a date, or do a good deed. In these moments, it feels like everyone is watching.The spotlight effect exists because we all get used to seeing things through our own eyes. Every person is the main character in his or her story, and the events of our lives seem to have great importance. ____68____The spotlight effect is a very common part of the human experience. However, in some cases, it can lead to extreme social anxiety and nervousness around other people. Everyone suffers some degree of social anxiety. We all care about what others think, and we all want to be liked.____69____ However, this can be a problem when the anxiety is too much to handle. If someone is so nervous that they can’t make good decisions, then it’s time to take action and improve the situation.____70____ Next time you feel like everyone is staring at you, remind yourself that it’s just your mind playing tricks on you. Another good exercise is to make an effort to notice the people around you, rather than focusing on yourself. If you fill your mind with thoughts of your friends and family, it will help you be less self-conscious.A. It’s normal to wonder about what effect we have on other people.B. That’s why fewer people notice the embarrassing circumstances they encounter.C. Learning about the spotlight effect is important because it can help us reduce our anxiety.D. We experience the spotlight effect not only when we make mistakes but also when we perform well.E. People overestimate the extent to which their actions and appearance are noted by others, aphenomenon known as the spotlight effect.F. We are so busy examining ourselves that we actually observe very little about everyone around us.上海市杨浦区2021届高三一模英语试卷A. In theory, the longer break will allow your brain to relax, reset, and get ready for the next round of Pomodoros.B. Without a good system in place, it is easy to lose focus, waste time, and lose track of our most important tasks.C. While you are working, block out all unnecessary distractions.D. It uses a timer to break down your work into 25-minute blocks separated by short breaks.E. If you’re managing a team, have everyone start the Pomodoro at the same time, and do breaks at the same time.F. It can be something big, s omething small, or something that you’ve been putting off for months.In work, as well as in life, doing what needs to be done in order to reach our goals can be difficult. (67) ____________________ Luckily, one of the most efficient and most popular time management techniques is also one of the world’s simplest — the Pomodoro Technique.The Pomodoro Technique was developed by Francesco Cirillo in the late 1980s. (68) ____________________ Each block is known as a p omodoro, the Italian word for “tomato.” Cirillo named the system after the tomato-shaped kitchen timer that he used to track his work time when he was studying as a university student. He developed a habit of doing short blocks of work followed by resting periods. He realized this method could help him work with time instead of struggling against it.In 2006, Cirillo published his Pomodoro Technique manual for people to download free of charge. The Pomodoro technique can be applied in almost all parts of our life. It was built around a handful of important steps. First, choose a task that you’d like to get done. (69) ____________________What matters is that you are ready to give it your full attention.Next, set a timer for 25 minutes. Try to spend the full 25 minutes with your complete attention on the task. Then, when the timer goes off, take a five-minute break. Sit back, have a drink, go for a short walk, or do something else that is not work-related. Once you have completed four of these 30-minute cycles, treat yourself to a longer break that lasts 15 to 30 minutes. (70) ____________________After trying the Pomodoro Technique, you may want to experiment a little. Some people have found that 90-minute blocks work best, while others might perform better with more flexible periods. It varies from person to person. Just remember, like many things in life, simpler is often better!上海市杨浦区2020届高三一模英语试卷A.Those with a slower pace also scored less well in physical exercises such as hand-gripstrength and biological markers of good health.B.There are already signs in early life of who would become the slowest walkers.C.In fact, based on a new series of experiments, they now believe the slower a person’stendency to walk, the less able their brain.D.Brain scanning during their final assessment at 45 showed the slower walkers tended to havelower total brain volume and less brain surface area.E.Until now, however, no one knew it could signify underlying brain health so much earlier inlife.F.Researchers performed walking speed analysis on hundreds of middle-aged people,comparing their psychological results.Slower Walkers Have Slower Minds, Scientists RevealOf all human activities, few are so readily credited with enhancing the power of the mind as going for a good walk. However, those who assume that strolling along at a gentle pace is the symbol of superior intellect should think again, scientists have said. __________67_________ Doctors have long used walking speed to gain a quick and reliable understanding of older people’s mental capability, as it is increasingly recognized that pace is associated with not only muscular strength but also the central nervous system. __________68_________The relationship was so obvious, however, that the US scientists now say walking tests could be used to provide an early indication of dementia（痴呆）.Published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, the study revealed an average difference of 16 IQ points between the slowest and the fastest walkers at the age of 45. This reflected both the participants’ natural walking speed and the pace they achieved when asked to walk as fast as they could. __________69_________ Actually, slower walkers were shown to have “speeded aging” on a 19-measure scale devised by researchers, and their lungs, teeth and immune systems tended to be in worse shape than the people who walked faster.The 904 New Zealand men and women who were tested at 45 were tracked from the age of three, each undergoing multiple tests over the years. The long-term data collection enabled researchers to establish that kids with lower IQ scores, lower linguistic ability and weaker emotional control tended to have slower walking speeds by middle age.__________70__________.The research team said genetic factors may explain the link between walking speed, brain capacity and physical health or that better brain health might promote physical activity, leading to better walking speed. Some of the differences in health and intellect may be the result of lifestyle choices individuals have made.答案：上海市杨浦区2022届高三一模英语试卷【答案】67. D 68. F 69. A 70. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是聚光灯效应。

A.But this technology can be dangerous as well.B.You just need to have some experience with technology as well as a proper computer.C.Therefore,AI technology will be used more and more wildly in the future.D.AI text-to-image generators will become as common and easy to use as Google image search.E.Rather,it will categorize every possible detail.F.Meanwhile,the generator can help people to recognize various information accurately.Have you ever wondered what you would look like as a cartoon character or a marvel superhero?With the power of artificial intelligence(AI)text-to-image generators,you can create images just like that-without any art skills.67 How does it work?AI text-to-image generators are trained through a process called machine learning.In this process,the generator's "brain"is fed massive numbers of images and learns to distinguish what they are.But the generator doesn't just learn to tell the difference between a banana and a balloon.68These pixel-level details are then stored in a mathematical space.When someone gives the generator a text passage such as"Doraemon riding a white horse,"the program uses algorithms(算法)to"think."Moments later,the program will create an entirely unique image that you requested.Some artists worry that they are being replaced by this technology.But other artists like to cooperate with the generator,using its power for ideas and inspiration.This powerful tool is now available to anyone through generators like Stable Diffusion and DALL-E.You can use them to create all kinds of imaginative images.69The dark sideGenerators like Stable Diffusion are trained using images that are gathered from all over the internet.But the training process doesn't exclude(排除)images that are violent or inappropriate,so the generators"learn"those as well. The DALL-E program comes with built-in filters that prevent it from generating perverse(变态的)images.But Stable Diffusion is an open-source technology,meaning that people can modify its code and remove the content filters.Despite this,Stable Diffusion's founder Emad Mostaque remains optimistic about how people will use his generator.He says, "The bad stuff that people create...will be a very,very small percentage of the total use."For better or for worse，70But don't generate anything you'd be ashamed to show your mother！答案：67-70BEADA.Here we show how this work translates to humans.B.Many college students experience irregular and insufficient sleep.C.The study evaluated more than600first-year students across five studies at three universities.D.Most surprising to me was that no matter what we did to make the effect go away,it persisted.E.The results are available in the Feb.13issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.F.Total nightly sleep is a potentially important and underappreciated behavior supporting academic achievement.Nightly Sleep Is Key to Student SuccessFor young adults,college is a time of transition.It may be the first time students have the freedom to determine how to spend their time,but this freedom comes with competing interests from academics,social events and even sleep.A multi-institutional team of researchers conducted the first study to evaluate how the duration of nightly sleep early in the semester affects first year college students’end-of-semester grade point average(GPA).Using sleep trackers, they found that students on average sleep6.5hours a night,but negative outcomes built up when students received less than six hours of sleep a night.67David Creswell,the William S.Dietrich II Professor in Psychology and Neuroscience at the Dietrich College of Humanities and Social Sciences,led a team of researchers to evaluate the relationship between sleep and GPA.“Animal studies have shown how critical sleep is for learning and memory,”said Creswell.“68The less nightly sleep a first-year college student gets at the beginning of the school term predicts lower GPA at the end of the ck of sleep may be hurting students’ability to learn in their college classrooms.”69The researchers found that students who receive less than six hours of sleep experienced a pronounced decline in academic performance.In addition,each hour of sleep lost corresponded to(相对应)a0.07decrease in end-of-term GPA.“Once you start dropping below six hours,you are starting to add massive sleep debt that can harm a student’s health and study habits,damaging the whole system,”said Creswell.“70”“A popular belief among college students is valuing studying more or partying more over nightly sleep,”said Creswell.“Our work here suggests that there are potentially real costs to reducing your nightly sleep on your ability to learn and achieve in college.There’s real value in budgeting for the importance of nightly sleep.”答案：67.E68.A69.C70.DA.Focus on the one thing you are doing.B.Habits like these which encourage you to multitask make you mentally exhausted and unproductive.C.Make sure that you also take breaks in your monotasking,because that’s what helps your brain to stay focused.D.So it’s a win-win for everyone!E.The little information we do take in when we’re multitasking is more difficult to remember at a later stage.F.You feel so good that you believe you’re being effective and further encourages your multitasking habit.Why Do You Find It So Hard to Not Multitask?Most of us do multitasking almost daily.But it’s time to change that.Your attention is already being pulled in millions of directions daily,so you really don’t need to add multitasking to the list.Let’s take the smartphone for example.On average you check your phone110times a day—that means you’re spending23days every year glued to your smartphone!How productive do you think that makes you?67But it’s hard to let go of these habits because you’ve conditioned your brain to send misleading signals to your body. Research has shown that when you multitask“successfully”,you activate the reward mechanism in your brain that releases dopamine,the happy hormone.68This rush can also make you overly optimistic,which means you are less careful about the work you do and more likely to make mistakes.Multitaskers basically get addicted to this rush which leads them to believe they are being effective when in fact they’re not.You can find healthier,more balanced dopamine releases through ticking things on your to-do list through mono-,or single-tasking too.Since our brains can only effectively focus on one thing at a time,this is the way for you to accomplish more in less time.Research has suggested you’re50%quicker on average to accomplish a task if you monotask,and you’re also50%less like to make errors.69You’ll also be able to appreciate things on a deeper level and get more enjoyment from them when you’re focused.If you’re chatting to a friend over coffee while checking your phone,you’re not making the most out of your time with your friend!Now you’re probably desperate to find out how to get rid of this multitasking habit so you can find real productivity. There is no easy answer.You simply have to commit to it and have the self-discipline to stick to one task at a time.Just say to yourself:When I walk,I walk.When I talk to someone,I talk to someone.When I read,I read.It’s as simple as that.70And like that,you’ve mastered monotasking.答案：67-70:BFDAA.Do I even want them?On whose clock?B.Why should you challenge that secret timeline of milestones in your head?C.This time,quitting her job led to her first album,television appearances and sold-out shows.D.Instead of feeling pressure to hit life events on someone else’s timeline,maybe it’s fine to make our own.E.People are feeling like they’re falling behind,when in fact they’re probably doing exactly what they should.F.She spent years feeling like an outsider and failure as she watched her peers rise in school and work,figuring she’dnever catch up.Defining Success on Your Own Terms“You go to college right out of high school.That’s the rule,right?”says Nikki Ivey,a sales trainer and consultant outside Jacksonville,Fla.However,it’s not the case for her.Actually,she got her undergraduate degree at28.__67__ One by one,she missed the milestones she’d envisioned in some imaginary dream life:earning six figures by30, buying a house by35.Then she hit one—attaining a high-level executive position in a company.She didn’t love the job. She did love sitting around the dinner table laughing with her kids.“__68__”she asked herself.She ended up leaving the job,and started to wonder about all those milestones.Danielle Ponder had a career as a lawyer before dedicating herself to singing full time.Working as a public defender in Rochester,N.Y.,Danielle Ponder would frequently Google,“Did anyone make it after the age of35?”At one point,she quit her day job,only to return a year and a half later,due to the pandemic and disappointing bookings.On the last day of2021,five days before her40th birthday,she tried again.__69__“I don’t know if I could survive this happening to me at19,”she says.She thinks her insecure teen self wouldn’t have handled the stress of the public eye well.It can be hard to make a transition later in life.__70__答案:67-70FACDA.Training will ease your annoyance as your pets tend to obey more and behave better.B.Giving them an extra piece of chicken for a job well done is essential for a strong relationship.C.They usually communicate through body language so you need to pay attention to them.D.You should always learn to be patient and accept that there will be a period of adjustment.E.But playtime is still a necessary and effective activity to share fun moments together.F.The Internet is a good place to figure out how you can train them efficiently.Strengthen Bonds With Your New PetWelcoming a new pet can be a magical moment for a lot of families.Unfortunately,many new pet owners struggle to bond with them.The following steps may help.This should go without saying but spending time with your pets can greatly help you form a strong relationship. Pets love to be included in every activity of their humans,whatever the activities are.(67) ______________________________Cats love playing with yarn(纱线)balls and fishing pole toys.Dogs are outgoing and usually love playing games with tennis balls such as fetch.So it’s also important to learn what type of play your pet enjoys.Most people forget that training and teaching them tricks is a healthy outlet as well.(68) ______________________________Whether you’re teaching them simple commands like‘sit’or something more complex like‘turn around’or‘bow’,they’re sure to enjoy your company and will love you all the more for your attention,company and praises.Pets also love being rewarded with treats.(69)______________________________ Moreover,when they begin to anticipate treats for good behaviour,they are more likely to be on their best behaviour, further making you and your pets grow closer.One more thing to notice is that taking care of a pet can be a wonderful experience and also be quite frustrating.For new pet owners,it can be confusing,especially if you don’t understand what your pet needs or wants at any given time.(70)______________________________This might take a day or two,or might take months.But eventually,you will reap what you sow.答案：EABDA.In the end,it turned out to be a case of mistaken identity.B.Doppelgängers will also have some of the same DNA as you.C.To enter your workplace,you likely need to be recognizable.D.Why are people interested in finding their possible doppelgangers?E.Eventually,discovering a person’s doppelgänger might widen trust boundaries.F.A doppelgänger was said to be a spirit-double that copied every human and beast on earth.What is the likelihood of you having someone who looks just like you?Would it be a good thing?And if you did have one,would you want to meet them?Consider how often your facial features are used to identify you.Your passport,ID card and driving licence all feature your face.__67__You may need your face to unlock your smartphone and possibly even need it to exclude you from being present at a crime scene.The word‘doppelgänger’refers to a person who looks the same as you,essentially sharing your features;those that you thought were unique to you and your identity.Not identical twins,as a doppelgänger has no relation to you.The idea originated in German folklore.__68__So,let’s get real.What are the chances of you having one in the first place?There’s said to be a one in135chance of an exact match for you existing anywhere in the world,so the chances are pretty low,despite folk wisdom promising you otherwise.And the chances of meeting?The mathematical certainty of finding this particular person is supposedly less than one in a trillion.That said,these statistics may be a good thing.Historically,having a double wasn’t always a positive.Back in1999, an innocent American man,indistinguishable from the real criminal,was sent to prison for robbery,where he stayed for 19years.__69__In a different case,a woman in New York was accused of trying to poison her doppelgänger with deadly cheesecake so that she could steal her identity!__70__The fascination with doppelgänger s may be rooted in historical beliefs that facial resemblance meant they were from the same family or had a common ancestor.It leads to the hope that one day you will meet your lookalike, creating the thrill of a potentially strange meeting.However,as these encounters can be both interesting and disturbing, we understand that after such an experience,you might not want to meet your doppelgänger again.答案：67-70CFADA.Odours are also essential signals in social bonding.B.Besides,odours are granted different cultural values.C.Human’s perception of smell facilitates the spread of human culture.D.Our noses can perceive odours present in extremely small quantities.E.Many respondents noted many of their olfactory likes and dislikes were based on emotional links.F.Some respondents’preference for a particular odour was influenced by emotional associations.The Meaning and Power of SmellA survey revealed that smell can cause strong emotional responses.A smell connected with a good experience can please us,while an odour(气味)bonded with a bad memory may disgust(使恶心)us.67Such associations can be so powerful that odours generally labelled unpleasant become agreeable,and those generally considered sweet become disagreeable for particular individuals.68One respondent believes there is no true emotional bonding without smelling a loved one. Infants recognize their mothers’odours soon after birth.Individuals were able to distinguish by the smell alone clothing worn by their partners from similar clothing worn by other people.Despite its importance to our emotional and sensory lives,smell is probably the most undervalued sense in many cultures.While our olfactory(嗅觉的)powers are nothing like as fine as those possessed by certain animals,they are remarkably sensitive.696Odours,unlike colours,can’t be named in many languages because the specific vocabulary simply doesn’t exist.“It smells like...,”we have to say when describing an odour,struggling to express our olfactory experience.Nor can odours be recorded:there is no effective way to capture or store them over time.70Smells considered offensive in some cultures may be acceptable in others.Therefore,our sense of smell is a means of interacting with the world.The study of the cultural history of smell is indeed an investigation into the essence of human culture.答案：67.E68.A69.D70.BA.They desire genuineness while constantly immersed in a digital world.B.TikTok’s user-generated videos can lead even tiny brands to speedy viral fame.C.The lifestyle of the“moonlight clan”has made many young people feel overwhelmed.D.Easy access to means of spreading payments may encourage spending money like water.E.A heightened expectation of convenience comes with being raised in the age of Amazon.F.These“always-on purchasers”often shift from a weekly shop to quicker fixes of everything from fashion to furniture.How Young Americans Spend Their MoneyYoung people have always puzzled their elders.Today’s youngsters are no different;indeed,they are confusing. They have thin wallets and expensive tastes.They prize convenience and a social conscience.They want shopping to be personal.____67____As they start spending in earnest,brands are trying to understand what these walking paradoxes with conflicting features want and how they shop.The answers will define the next era of consumerism.Their absolute numbers are impressive.The European Union is home to nearly125m people between the ages of ten(the youngest will become consumers in the next few years)and34.America has another110m of these Gen-Zs and millennials,a third of the population.The annual spending of households headed by American Gen-Zs and millennials hit$2.7trn in2021,around30%of the total.____68____Forrester,a market-research firm,found that most users of“buy now,pay later”apps are around20. Megan Scott,a20-year-old student from London,speaks for many of her peers by admitting that,when shopping,she has no self-control—until the bill arrives.The light-speed online world also appears to have lowered tolerances for long delivery times.A study by Salesforce, a business-software giant,found that Gen-Z Americans,who prefer to use their phones to pay for shopping,are the likeliest of all age groups to want their groceries delivered within an hour.____69____The Internet has also changed how the young discover brands.Print,billboard or TV advertising has given way to social media.Instagram,part of Meta’s empire,and TikTok,a Chinese-owned app,are where the young look for inspiration,particularly for goods where looks matter such as fashion,beauty and sportswear.____70____Such apps are increasingly adding features that allow users to shop without ever leaving the platform.According to McKinsey,six in ten Americans under the age of25had completed a purchase on a social-media site.答案：67-70ADFBA.Social maskers do not try hard to match other people in pace and tone.B.Social masking is something we all engage in to some extent.C.Social maskers are not trying to fox anyone.D.When we are in natural identification with someone,it happens naturally,and there is very little effort involved.E.It’s adopted by people unable to naturally act in a way considered socially acceptable.F.That is,it’s an ancient part of our evolution to socialize,rather than be anti-social or a misfit.Social MaskingAmanda is always an expert at working the room.She would adopt the manner of the people around her to fit in while hiding her true personality.This is social masking,the process of hiding your natural way of interacting with others so you can feel accepted.(67)_____Instead,they are hoping to fit in with everybody else.Social masking is a set of learned pattern-matching behaviors,movements and actions where you try to be normal to fit in rather than stand out.(68)_____People all wear certain social masks in order to get through some tricky life situations with confidence, according to Dr.Tara Quinn-Cirillo.And some experts even think social masking is built in all human beings at a physical level,adding that something in our brain gives indications of how to essentially stay safe and not stick out.In a world that often tells us to just be ourselves,you might wonder why we are still dependent on these social masking behaviors.“Social masking happens because we as a species want to be included,”says Tara.“It has been a tribal thing of being together rather than being on our own,from a historical perspective.(69)_____”There is a huge difference between naturally identifying with someone and consciously social masking.(70)_____ Social masking,on the other hand,involves a conscious effort to change your personality to suit your surroundings.It typically involves depressing your natural urges and changing your personal interests to fit the crowd.答案：67-70CBFDA.Moving more may not prevent a child from becoming overweight,but studies show clearly that it helps bothphysical and mental health.B.And although rural areas have more undeveloped outdoor space,they often lack playgrounds,tracks and exercisefacilitiesC.A lack of safe places for them to play outside the home also contributes to kids obesity.D.It also suggested prescribing weight-loss drugs to children12and older and surgery to teens13and older.E.Increased screen time and changing norms around letting kids play outdoors are unsupervised.F.They have significant side effects for both kids and adults.The rate of childhood obesity in the U.S.has tripled over the past50years.But what this trend means for children’s long-term health,and what to do about it(if anything),is not so clear.The American Academy of Pediatrics(AAP)made waves this year by recommending that doctors put obese kids as young as two years old on intensive,family-oriented lifestyle and behavior plans.(67)__________________________ This advice marks a shift from the organization’s previous stance of“watch and wait,”and it reflects the AAP’s belief that obesity is a disease and the group’s adoption of a more proactive position on childhood obesity.Yet the lifestyle programs the AAP recommends are expensive,inaccessible to most children and hard to maintain —and the guidelines acknowledge these barriers.Few weight-loss drugs have been approved for older children, although many are used off-label.(68)_____________________—it could,for instance,cause nutritional deficits in growing children.Furthermore,it’s not clear whether interventions in youngsters help to improve health or merely add to the stigma overweight kids face from a fat-phobic society.This stigma can lead to mental health problems and eating disorders.Rather than fixating on numbers on a scale,the U.S.and countries with similar trends should focus on an underlying truth:we need to invest in more and safer places for children to play where they can move and run around, climb and jump,ride and skate.(69)_____________________In2020the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found,unsurprisingly,that kids’sports participation increases with their parents’incomes:about70percent of kids whose families earn more than $105,000a year participate in sports,but only51percent of middle-class kids and31percent of children at or below the poverty line do.This disparity hurts people of color the most.More than60percent of white children,for instance, participate in athletics,but only42percent of Black children and47percent of Hispanic children do.Experts blame these problems on the privatization of sports—as public investment in school-based athletics dwindles,expensive private leagues have grown,leaving many kids out.According to the U.S.Department of Health and Human Services’Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, children between ages six and17should get at least an hour of moderate to intense physical activity every day.Yet only 21to28percent of U.S.kids meet this target,two government-sponsored surveys found.The nonprofit Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance evaluates physical activity in American children,and in2022the group gave the U.S.a grade of D–.Why is it so hard to get kids moving?In addition to fewer opportunities at school,researchers cite increased screen time,changing norms around letting kids play outdoors unsupervised,and a lack of safe places for them to play outside the home.New York City,for example,had2,067public playgrounds as of2019—a“meager”amount for its large population,according to a report from the city comptroller—and inspectors found hazardous equipment at one quarter of them.In Los Angeles in2015,only33percent of youths lived within walking distance of a park,according to the L.A. Neighborhood Land Trust.Lower-income neighborhoods tend to have the fewest public play spaces,despite often having a high population density.(70)_______________________.Kids everywhere need more places to play:trails,skate parks and climbing walls,gardens and ball fields,bike paths and basketball courts.Vigorous public funding to build and keep up these areas is crucial,but other options such as shared-use agreements can make unused spaces available to the public.答案：DFABA.There’ll still be times when old thoughts cause sadness,or you’re anxious about what’s next.B.The usefulness of nostalgia seems to vary with age.C.Today we have a much more positive attitude to nostalgia.D.You’ll get faster at finding it,and add extra layers of detail each time.E.The answer lies in connecting with your past and future selves.F.But there’s also a growing body of research into time travel“the other way”.How to Travel in TimeThe term“NOSTALGIA”(怀旧)used to describe a mental disease.The“algia”bit means“pain”,and the word was coined by a17th-century doctor treating homesick soldiers,whose symptoms included hallucinations（幻觉）and depression.(67)______________________And it’s a great example of the benefits of a strong memory—choosing to recapture moments from the past to enjoy them all over again.As evidence,a recent report highlighted the increase in old songs being streamed on Spotify during lockdown.It seems that we found strength in musical memories of happier times.(68)______________________Because memory skills can take you into the future,too—bringing a whole new set of rewards.In another pandemic experiment,people wrote letters to their future selves,and found that they improved their mood by imagining themselves safely on the other side of COVID-19.Here are my tips for becoming a confident time traveller yourself:*To reawaken happy feelings,use all your senses—not just sight.Smell,taste,touch and sound will also help you to recreate the past in rich clarity.If you find a memory that’s particularly helpful—for reassurance,say—keep using it！(69)_________________________*When you’re procrastinating（拖延）,visualise an end result.Flash forward to see the floor swept or the essay finished,and use that positive image to spur you into action.*Ahead of major challenges,imagine the full impact of success.Don’t just picture yourself getting that great job: fill your mind with the really big ways it’s going to change your life.(70)_______________________But the more you learn to control your memory,the better you’ll be at mining your past,and shaping your future,to be your best self now.答案：67-70C F D AA.It will not be long before he’s back in prison again.B.We’re all relieved that the criminal is being punished for his misdeeds.munity service is likely to turn prisoners into better persons.D.Offenders are tried and sentenced according to the legal system.E.The threat of another spell in jail will stop him from breaking the law again.F.Put the money into supporting deprived areas which are the grounds for crime.Hello,everyone!Are you worried about crime?I am.We read it every day in the newspapers.A terrible crime has been committed, and the police have arrested someone.He has appeared in court and claimed his innocence but has been found guilty of his crime and he has been sentenced to ten years in prison.67Innocent citizens like you and me can sleep more safely at night.But what happens next?We all hope the prisoner will benefit from society’s retribution.A spell(一阵子)in prison will reform him and make him a better person.We all hope he’ll reform and become like us.We all hope that when he is eventually released,he will be a good character.68But,let’s face it.The reality is usually very different.The prisoner may be released on parole(假释)before the end of his sentence.He will try to re-enter society.But then he often becomes a victim himself,unable to find work and is rejected by society.69.So what can we do to make sure the offender doesn’t commit another crime?Of course,there are alternatives to prison,such as community service or he can pay a large fine.Alternatively,we could establish a more severe system of punishment.The answer is far simpler.We need to be tough not on the criminal,but on the cause of the crime.We should spend less of the taxpayer’s money in funding the judges and all the other people who are working for the legal system. 70We in the ConLab Party believe that everybody needs a good chance in life,and this is a good step forward.Vote for us now!答案：67-70B E A F。

六选四-2023年上海高三英语一模汇编1.宝山区Many people drink protein shakes(高蛋白饮品)regularly to lose weight,build muscle or both.Others, however,question the belief that protein shakes are better than normal,high-protein foods.So what is the truth?What is in a protein shake?Protein shakes are dietary supplements(膳食补充品)designed to help people consume more protein than they otherwise would.___47___Or people can mix their own shakes using protein powder and other ingredients.Protein powder can be made from plants or animals.Plant-based protein shakes can include soy, pea or rice protein.Animal-based protein powders are usually made from cow’s milk.Those who want to stay away from milk can also get protein powder made from egg whites.Advantages of protein shakesStudies indicate that consuming protein shakes is helpful if you want to build your muscle.They can also help to improve your performance while exercising and help you to recover from exercise.___48___ Consuming protein shakes can also help you lose weight.Eating a high-protein diet helps you feel full,so it’s easier to resist eating too much.High-protein diets can also increase how quickly your body burns energy. When you use more energy than you take in through food,you lose weight.___49___Disadvantages of protein shakesHowever,you don’t have to drink protein shakes to have a high-protein diet.Many wholefoods are rich in protein.As a matter of fact,the people in many high-protein diet studies didn’t drink protein shakes The studies proved the benefits of eating protein-rich foods.___50___In contrast,many protein shakes contain sugar or artificial sweeteners,which are not healthy.To sum upSo yes,protein shakes are convenient,and they work.However,they are not your only choice for eating a high-protein diet.A.And if you’re losing weight,protein shakes can help make sure that you don’t lose muscle.B.Protein shakes can also help people to manage their figures,especially their weight.C.Moreover,these foods contain other nutrients in addition to protein.D.Therefore,it is unnecessary to take protein shakes unless it is a must.E.Protein shakes can be ready-made drinks.F.And high-protein diets have also been linked to the loss of fat.2.崇明区Israeli Company Develops3D Printed BeefIf there were an award for the funniest company name of2022,then the3D printed meat company “Steakholder”would win that award.Israeli company Steakholder Foods Ltd.has introduced its new product,Omakase Beef Morsels,which are bioprinted with cultured meat.The bites are inspired by the world-famous Wagyu beef,famous for its fat marbling patterns(大理石花纹)in the meat,which is also very expensive.The company was formed in2019and has an office in Israel and Belgium,and is now expanding its operations to the US.____67____Stakeholder uses stem cells from cattle for the production of its printed beef,and the muscle tissue and fat are printed from two separate bio-inks.____68____A bite can be made juicier,chewier,and the taste can also be altered.The process works by first selecting the animals to extract(提取)the stem cells from.The cells are selected from animals that will provide the best meat and yield.The next step is proliferation,in which the cells are placed into a nutrient rich reactor to multiply.When the cells reach appropriate numbers,the stem cells change into muscle cells and fat cells.____69____“This product marks a major step forward for us and for the cultured meat industry in general,”said Arik Kaufman,CEO of Steakholder Foods.“It is the result of a lot of hard work and our desire to achieve the highest level of meat possible through bioprinting and cell culture processes.”____70____Its patent for3D-bioprinting technology is the result of intensive cooperation between its3D printing engineers and cell biologists.“We see Omakase Beef Morsels as the combination of food,technology and fine art,”Kaufman said.“We want to inspire chefs around the world to create delicious masterpieces and unforgettable dining experiences.”So there you have it,guilt-free meat eating may be just around the corner.A.The company has already achieved several milestones since it was founded.B.Its goal is to create sustainable meat products to replace meats such as beef,chicken and even fish.C.The layers of meat and fat can be regrouped in different proportions to create different flavor experiences.D.Additionally,producing meat without having to raise and kill cattle may work out better for ensuring animal welfare and overall health.E.The meat product is the first of its kind and was created using a specific3D-bioprinting technology that was recently patented by the company.F.In the final steps,the muscle cells and fat cells are turned into meat,ready to be processed into the final product,whether it’s a burger,steak,or even a meatloaf.3.奉贤区At a Loss for WordsImagine a friend is heading out to face a difficult task.As a last word before they disappear,you want to encourage them.What might you say?If you are speaking English,the likeliest choice is“good luck”.If you stop to think about it,that is a little odd.Though you might indeed hope luck smiles on your friend, neither they nor you can do much about the probability.____47____That is why the French,in this situation, say“bon courage”,not“good luck”.English does not allow you to pair any old adjective with any old noun in a fixed expression.You may wish someone“good morning”,“good afternoon”or“good night”,but not“good weekend”.____48____ However,in other languages it is perfectly usual.____49____English-speakers wish each other a happy birthday,but speakers of many other languages say “congratulations”as if the birthday girl had done something impressive merely by surviving another year.The Dutch also say“gefeliciteerd”to members of the family,including the one who really deserves congratulating: the mother.This is close to obligatory(义务的)，while it would come as a strange surprise in English.It is tempting to draw deep cultural conclusions from the presence of this or the absence of that in a language.____50____For example,the English do say the typical French words bon voyage and bon appétit, and there’s no reason to stop there.Congratulate your mother-in-law on your wife’s birthday,and you can prepare for a delighted smile back.It may seem awkward or tricky at first but you can make it stick if you try.A.Special occasions are another way in which languages differ.B.It is natural to be critical of languages that lack expressions you think necessary.C.What you really want to wish them is courage not fortune.D.Having no English equivalent is annoying for those who are used to it.E.You can say that phrase if you like,but your neighbour would look at you strangely.F.But not having a word for something doesn’t mean you can’t coin one—or borrow it.Social EngineeringWhen using social media,many users may not be thinking of the social engineering implications that can arise with too much over-sharing of personal information.However,what people share in posts can paint a very vivid picture of a person–which can then be misused by hackers.“____47____Social engineering is the number one cause of most spiteful data breaches(泄露),”said Roger Grimes,data-driven defense specialist at cyber security firm KnowBe4.“Nothing else is even close, percentage-wise,”Grimes warned,“Nearly every organization could best improve their cyber security defense plans if they focused far more on reducing the likelihood of social engineering.No other single defense could do more to protect an organization against hacking and malware(恶意软件).”“Every organization should look to see what they can improve in their defense-in-depth plan(e.g.,policies, technical defenses,and education)to defeat social engineering.It is because almost no organization appropriately focuses the necessary resources and training against social engineering that allows hackers and malware to be so long-term successful.____48____”The security experts warn that even in the context of“social media,”users shouldn’t let their guard down. ____49____“As individuals,we are aware of the personal threats posed by cyber attacks directed against us,”suggested Erfan,cyber security expert at data security Comforte AG.“To avoid being victimized,it’s best to operate under the mindset that footprints exist everywhere and can never be completely wiped out.”“As members of businesses and organizations,we know that enterprise data is always a tempting target for hackers,”Erfan continued.“____50____Preventing attacks and breaches is not100percent fool-proof,so we can only hope that big techs have instituted the measures of data-centric security applied directly to data in case that sensitive information falls into the wrong hands.”A.In fact,this is where users should actually adopt a more cautious attitude.B.The recent attack against Twitter should underscore the need for data-centric security.C.For developers,this vulnerability also shows there’s still a need for proper input validation and ensure that any request is authorized.D.Hackers love that defenders are distracted and don’t focus appropriate resources on the number one threat.anizations should make a joint effort to protect the sensitive data from exploitation.F.This is just one more example of the success of social engineering used by hackers.How to show others you careThe idea that kindness can boost happiness is hardly new.Studies have shown that prosocial behavior—basically,voluntarily helping others—can help lower people’s daily stress levels,and that simple acts of connection,like texting a friend,mean more than many of us realize.___47___“I have found that kindness can be a really hard sell,”said Tara Cousineau,a clinical psychologist,“People desire kindness yet often feel troubled by the thought of being kind.”___48___They may question whether their gesture or gift will be misinterpreted,or whether it will make the recipient feel pressured to pay it back.___49___Jennifer Oldham,who lost her9-year-old daughter Hallie in July,recently created a Facebook group—Keeping Kindness for Hallie—that encourages participants to engage in random acts of kindness. People have bought groceries and donated school supplies in Hallie’s honor.“It will help your own heart, maybe even more than the recipients,”said Ms.Oldham.If you are not already in the habit of performing random kind acts,or if it does not come naturally to you, start by thinking about what you like to do.It’s not about you being like,‘Oh man,now I have to learn how to bake cookies in order to be nice’.It’s about:___50___And how can you turn that into an offering for other people?A.What skills and talents do you already have?B.Stress can also keep people from being kind to others.C.Why are recipients less likely to appreciate a random act of kindness?D.But an act of kindness is unlikely to fail,and in some instances it can create even more kindness.E.People who perform a random act of kindness tend to underestimate how much the recipient will appreciate it.F.But researchers who study kindness and friendship say they hope the new findings strengthen the scientific case for making these types of gestures more often.6.嘉定区Out-of-control SpaceX RocketA SpaceX rocket is now headed directly for the moon after spending almost seven years flying through space,experts say.The rocket was originally launched to send a space weather satellite to the Lagrange point—a gravity-neutral position four times farther than the moon and in direct line with the sun.____47____At this phase,it did not have enough fuel to return to Earth’s atmosphere.But meanwhile it lacked the energy to escape the gravity of the Earth-Moon system.____48____Space observers believe that it is on course to intersect(相交)with the moon.Bill Gray,who writes software to track near-Earth objects,has said the rocket will very likely hit the far side of the moon,near the equator.“This is the first unintentional case of space junk hitting the moon of which I’m aware,”Gray added.____49____Because of the unpredictable effect of sunlight“pushing”on the rocket and“difficulty in measuring rotation(旋转)periods”,its orbit may be slightly altered.“But these unpredictable effects are very small,”Gray wrote.He added that further observations were needed to decide the precise time and location of the impact.In a recent blog post,he wrote that the rocket has made a close lunar flyby,and will definitely make an impact.As for whether the collision(相撞)could be viewed from Earth,Gray says it will probably go unobserved.”Even if it hit on the near side of the moon,the impact occurs a couple of days after New Moon, which was hardly observable,he added,“to me,the impact was not a big deal.”____50____They believe that the event will allow for observation of valuable lunar materials ejected(弹射)by the rockets strike.A.So the rocket has been following a somewhat chaotic orbit since.B.Nevertheless,space enthusiasts believe the impact could provide valuable data.C.It was part of SpaceX’s space exploration programme.D.But after completing a long burn of its engines,the rocket’s second phase became a problem.E.The exact spot that the rocket will hit remains unclear.F.The lunar phase reveals the passage of time in the night sky.7.金山区I Am Not a RobotAn annoyance,an important security feature,an uncomfortable request:however you feel about being asked to prove you are not a robot,it has become a daily occurrence for most of us,but perhaps not one we would miss if it were to suddenly go away.A new feature in the latest versions of iOS and macOS,Apple’s operating systems for smartphones and computers,promises to give the boot to“captchas”once and for all.____47____“Sometimes a captcha is just a button to press,”said Apple engineer Tommy Pauly.“But other times it canbe a challenge to fill out.”The term captcha is in fact an acronym(首字母缩略词)for“completely automated public Turing test (图灵测试)to tell computers and humans apart.”To help stop fraud(欺诈),these little tests often pop up when you’re signing up for or onto a website.____48____If you get it wrong,it may ask you to start again,leading you to wonder if you really know what a traffic light looks like—or if you might really be a robot after all.But captchas are now fast becoming unusable,making the Internet a wasteland of difficult ers must struggle to do the most basic things.“We’ve literally all found ourselves at one time or another complaining:‘Those were all the pictures with traffic lights,”said Effie Le Moignan,a researcher in social computing at Newcastle University.Internet users struggle to tell the difference between a wear of paint on a sidewalk and a formalized crosswalk that’s often requested in a traditional captcha,and worry that one wrong answer may lock them out of an account.____49____“You likely don’t enjoy being interrupted by these,”said Apple’s Tommy Pauly.“I certainly don’t.The reason these experiences exist is to prevent dishonest activity.If you run a server,you don’t want it to be defeated by fraud.____50____”The company worked with Fastly and Cloudflare to build the new feature.It works by allowing your device to send a statement confirming it is being used by a human to the requesting website.A.This is becoming a bigger issue as captchas have grown increasingly confusing.B.Therefore,when faced with something really confusing,many people simply give up.C.Most attempts to create accounts or to buy products come from common users,but some attempts can also come from attackers.D.Called“automatic confirmation,”the technology will allow sites to confirm you are not a robot without you having to do anything at all.E.These tests may ask you to spot all the traffic lights in a picture or to type out some special letters and numbers.F.Although the service is tied to Apple’s iCloud network,the requesting site will not receive any personal information about the user or their device.8.静安区Recently,there’s been a lot of talk in U.S.about the“data problem.”It ought to give the“datadriven”school reformers pause to reconsider.Maybe we are just creating a bubble that too will burst if we continue to base our actions on the belief that only scores on standardized instruments are evidence of success.____47____ Margo,a famous commenter,states that at least tests are more“reliable”than professional judgment.How can she tell?We want a nation of citizens who are less ready to think that the“truth”can only be captured in one of four answers—a,b,c,or d.____48____But how can the general trend guarantee the reliability of the score of one particular test-taker?Some educator dares to replace these tests with professional human judgments,which must still rest on a numerical rank order based on a,b,c and d.The big problem is that there is often no technical assurance for the reliability of such exams.No wonder many big-name psychologists avoid them.All“reliability”tells us is that the student would get a similar score on a similar test if given at another time or place.But all scores on old or new tests have measurement errors.Like Wall Street’s numbers,we have no independent basis for relying on these scores.Likewise,validity is in the eye of a certain standard of judgments.How ridiculous it is to say for sure that these judgments are justified!When some parents told me that their children seemed to read well,but scored poorly,they often believed the indirect evidence,test score,and not the direct evidence,listening to their children read.Some parents had been trained to distrust judgment and rely on“real evidence”.My own8-year-old son also used to“fail”a3rd grade reading test even though I“knew”he could read fluently.____49____We need schools that“train”our which help us become adults who are in the habit of bringing judgment to bear on complex phenomenon.____50____It also involves acknowledging that even experts must live with a substantial degree of uncertainty.Only in this way,can we,to some extent,rely on the results of the school education in the U.S.A.Even the technical meaning of“good tests”is open to question.B.It’s when I became a test doubter.C.Different groups of people fit different test patterns.D.On all achievement tests,we’re promised beforehand a population that fits a normal curve(曲线).E.This includes judging which expertise to“trust”and defending such choices.F.Time spent on standardized tests is,in many cases,equal to that on study.9.闵行区Humankind has tried to improve its standard of living since the very beginning of civilization.Back then,and today,providing food was the basic task for a person.____67____People feel the need for not only some primary things,such as bread and shelters,but also for various facilities and luxuries.Providing humanity with these things is connected to the use of natural resources,which requires energy.In turn,the common sources of energy we use today cause pollution,so economic growth is almost inevitably associated with environmental damage.____68____The first of these is the fact that in order to produce more goods and products,at a faster rate, the construction of large industrial plants is required.These plants produce a lot of waste,which may cause negative long-term health effects to nearby populations of animals,or people.The traditional energy sources,which are commonly used nowadays,are considered to be the greatest polluters to the environment.There also exist so-called eco-friendly sources of energy.____69____Of course,during this time people have to make some sacrifices to support these undertakings.In order to produce practical energy,a transformation of the natural site is often inevitable.This is expensive and,has harmful effects on the environment.Application of wind energy would block airflow’s natural speed.Consequently,the pressure balance that is brought about by this current will be affected,and it is important to remember that the environment and weather conditions are directly affected by atmospheric pressure.____70____This is the embarrassment mankind has to deal with.A good balance between economic development and sustainability is forever what humankind has to keep in mind.A.There are certain aspects of economic growth which affect the environment.B.Clean energy has always been on the priority list for a better environment.C.For these reasons,bringing about economic growth without any resulting environmental damage is impossible.D.However,nowadays the range of required goods has expanded significantly.E.So humankind began to make exploration to satisfy themselves economically and mentally.F.They are sometimes preferred but replacing the traditional sources with them also requires time.10.普陀区Engaging in Family MealsEngaging in family meals may be a matter of improving communication and support at home.A new studyin the Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior,published by Elsevier,connects less family discouragement and better family communication with a higher likelihood to eat evening family meals and family breakfasts together,and not in front of a television.The researchers surveyed259patients who participated in weight management and weight loss programs at the Ohio State University or Wake Forest University.______47______“It’s important to note all family members in the home have influence,”lead study author Keeley J.Pratt, PhD,the Ohio State University,Columbus,OH,USA,said of the findings that any family member can influence the adoption and maintenance of healthy patterns and behaviors in the home.______48______The study also found parents who perceived their child to be overweight were more than four times as likely to talk to them about the kid’s weight,also called“weight talk.”“While open communication with children about health is beneficial,it’s important to ensure communication directly about children’s weight is not harmful in their development of a healthy body image and behaviors.That includes older children and adolescents who are at greater risk of developing eating disorders and disordered eating behaviors,”Professor Pratt said.______49______Families with younger children,regardless of gender,were more likely to eat family dinners and breakfasts together,and parents of older children were more likely to talk about their own weight with the child.As kids grow up,the relationship between kids and their parents becomes better.______50______“Understanding these associations will provide essential evidence needed to design future family-based interventions for these patients to help in their behavior change and weight loss,prevent the beginning of obesity in children,and enhance positive family meal practices and healthy communication about weight,”Professor Pratt said.A.The study shows parents of older children were more likely to talk about their own weight with the child.B.They found parents with better family communication were more likely to participate in family meals.C.There was no significant difference between male and female children in this study.D.This was the first study specifically to examine the home eating habits of adult patients.E.Previous study has shown parental obesity(肥胖)is the strongest risk for children’s obesity.F.Someone has no power to influence the family,but they are influencing each other.11.青浦区Why gratitude is good for youGratitude is more than just saying“thank you”to someone who has helped us or given us a gift.____47____And this positive emotion can be good for our health—our emotional and physical health,as well as the health of our relationships.Let’s start by looking at the emotional or mental health benefits of expressing gratitude.There have been many studies,as described in a2018paper from the Greater Good Science Center titled“The Science of Gratitude”,showing that writing a gratitude letter to another person or writing in a gratitude journal,if done regularly,improves mental health.___48___But even if we don’t share our writing with anyone,like in a journal,the act of completing the exercise alone makes us happier and more satisfied with life.And this gets better with time.As we are essentially training our brain to be more in tune with noticing the positive,after several weeks or months,this becomes more intuitive.And so,the more we express gratitude,the more positive we feel.____49____There are studies linking a gratitude practice to better sleep quality,better eating habits,and reduced infection in people who have had heart problems.So gratitude is clearly good for us,but is it also good for the people in our lives?The simple answer is“yes”.When shared—spoken or written—gratitude is about feeling valued and helping others feel valued too.____50____And that’s on top of all the other ways gratitude is clearly good for us.Maybe we should all stop counting sheep or counting calories and start counting our blessings instead?A.Gratitude can also make us feel good physically.B.Therefore,it’s easy to tell that gratitude is advantageous to us.C.It is the feeling of being grateful and wanting to express our thanks.D.It can help promote stronger relationships with family,friends or even colleagues.E.One reason for this,is that gratitude stops us from reflecting on negative emotions.F.It is a deeper appreciation for someone or something that makes us feel a positive emotion.12.松江区Shanghai Regulation to Help Boost AIShanghai’s decision to boost the development of the artificial intelligence industry will promote the city’s digital transformation and its efforts to build itself into an international AI highland,experts said in an interview.The city passed a regulation on boosting AI just months ago,marking the first such effort in China at theprovincial level.___67___“This regulation emphasizes industry innovation and guidance for future development,”said Yan Rui, director of legal affairs in the Standing Committee of the Shanghai Municipal People’s Congress,at a recent media briefing.“___68___It will also strongly support the digital transformation of Shanghai,and assist creation of an AI highland with global influence.”Yan said.One highlight of the AI regulation is that the municipal departments concerned could draw up lists of minor violations during the development of the AI industry which would not receive administrative punishment.“___69___It is the same case with AI.Therefore,it is an international agreement to allow for minor errors during the research and development process,”said Weng Guanxi,a lawyer at a Shanghai-based law firm.The regulation gives a clear definition of AI and the AI industry and encourages innovative activities in the field by people,enterprises and organizations.___70___In2021,the combined output value of AI enterprises above a designated size,or with an annual revenue of20million yuan($16.85million)or above,reached305billion yuan,2.28times that of2018, according to China Securities Journal.The number of talented professionals working in the AI field in Shanghai has soared from100,000in2018to230,000in2021,said a Xinhua News Agency report.A.The AI industry worldwide is undergoing orderly transformation.B.The regulation came into effect on October1,just as planned.C.Shanghai’s AI industry scale has expanded dramatically in the past few years.ernment and the related division’s responsibilities are all within the framework of established laws and regulations.E.The regulation on AI intends to facilitate various stimulations for the high-quality development of the AI industry.F.The core of scientific research is that it is a process of constantly making mistakes and distinguishing right from wrong.13.徐汇区Quiet QuittingWhile not a new concept,the term“quiet quitting”has recently gained popularity on social media.What is quiet quitting?Quiet quitting doesn’t mean an employee has left their job,but rather has limited their tasks to avoid。

09-2020年上海市高三英语一模真题专项训练之写作2020虹口一模VI. Guided WritingDirections: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.76.手机给现代人的生活带来了很多便利，甚至改变了人们的日常生活方式。

人们常常会在手机上下载一些常用的应用程序(app)。

你平时使用较多的是哪一类应用程序呢？请你向同学们推荐一款应用程序，并阐述理由。

2020黄浦一模Ⅵ. 76. Guided WritingDirections: Write an English composition in 120 -150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.假设你是李明，你校正在进行高三年级的课程微调，准备将周三下午的第四节课设置为“艺术欣赏类课程(art appreciation)”或者“学科拓展类课程(subject expansion)”，现广泛征求高三同学的意见。

请发一封邮件至校长信箱（邮件中请不要出现真实的校名和姓名），你的邮件内容需包括：1. 你建议校方设置以上两类课程中的哪一类；2. 你的理由；3. 你希望此类课程包含哪些内容。

2020宝山一模VI. Guided Writing76. Directions: Write an English composition in 120〜150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.假如你是红星中学高三年级的学生，你的英语老师在作文批阅时经常采用学生自批，学生互批或教师批阅（或集体批阅或面批）的方式。

请就此情况通过微信和英语老师沟通一下，谈谈你的看法，你的文章必须包括：*你喜欢哪种方式？为什么？*提出你认为可以提高作文批阅效率的合理化建议并给出理由。

2020年上海各区高三英语一模汇编—六选四（含答案）（精校版）One【虹口区】Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Is Multitasking Always Good?Not only do smartphones provide unrestricted access to information, they provide perfect opportunities to multitask. Any activity can be accompanied by music, selfies or social media updates. Of course, some people pick poor times to tweet or text, and lawmakers have stepped in. (67)________ In Honolulu, it's illegal to text or even look at your phone while crossing the street, and in the Netherlands they've banned texting while biking.(68)________ You need to self-regulate. Understanding how the brain multitasks and why we find multitasking so appealing will help you realize the danger of pulling out your phone.Multitasking feels like doing two things at the same time, so it seems the danger lies in asking one mental process to do two unrelated things— for texting drivers, watching the screen and the road.Twenty states have instituted bans on driving using a hand-held phone while still allowing hands-free calls. Yet hands-free or hand-held makes no difference. (69)________ The real problem is the switch of attention between the conversation and the road, and that affects performance.People sense this, and when on the phone they drive slower and increase their following distance, but they are far too confident that these measures reduce risks. This overconfidence extends to other activities.A 2015 survey showed that a majority of students who use social media, text or watch TV while studyingthink that they can still comprehend the material they're studying.People don't multitask merely because they see no harm in it; they see benefits. (70)_________ Most people will still choose to multitask. But they should, at the very least, be fully aware of how that choice affects them and the potential consequences for themselves and others They need to pay attention to how much— or how little—they are paying attention.【答案】67C, 68A, 69E, 70B【解析】67.空格前后两句都是在讲开车时用手机的事情，所以选择C选项，在这里用手机是被禁止的68. 从空格后面说你需要自我管理来看，前面是在说法律有些东西是管不了的69. E选项中的代词they代指前面的hands-free or hand-held70. 前面说人们看到这件事情的好处，所以空格这里应该介绍具体的好处，所以是BTwo【黄浦区】Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Sustainable Transport in CitiesTransport has always shaped cities. In Medieval times crossroads gave birth to blooming market towns. Many North American cities were created for the car. But how are the cities of today being shaped by a need for more sustainable transport?Many local governments are speeding up change through policy initiatives such as joined transport, congestion charges and low emission zones, sustainable gaining and lifecycle costing, and opening data upto companies and academics. And these city level policies can move markets in more sustainable directions. ___67___ This has resulted in five vehicle manufacturers committing to meeting that deadline, which is both in their own commercial interests and good for the environment.The least dense cities, for example, Houston, have per capita(人均的) carbon emissions nearly ten times higher than the densest, such as Singapore. ___68___ This involves gathering mixed use developments around a key transport center, as with the KL Central area in Kuala Lumpur, built around the largest railway station in Southeast Asia.___69___ Others are using motivations and behavioural change to encourage people to choose more efficient―and often healthier―forms of transport. Copenhagen has a number of progressive cycling policies including the Green Wave, which allows people cycling at 20km/h to hit all green lights during rush hour.Light weighting and new engine and fuel technologies are helping to make existing road and rail vehicles more efficient. ___70___ The main options are hydrogen fuel cells, fossil fuel hybrids, and electric vehicles, and the best solution may well vary from city to city.【答案】67D, 68E, 69F, 70B【解析】67.抓住空格后This has resulted in five vehicle manufacturers committing to meeting that deadline中的that deadline，选入的选项中应该有表示最后期限的信息。

2020宝山一模Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.Whether you’re on social media or sending a text message, you encounter emoji (表情符号)regularly. _____67______. While most people’s enthusiasm for emoji increased in the smart-phone era, Japan has been crazy for emoji since 1999. Designer Shigetaka Kurita invented emoji for a Japanese phone company 20 years ago as a way to make it easier to express ideas in a short message. The word emoji can be translated as “picture character” from Japanese. After the release of Kurita’s emoji, rival phone companies in Japan began creating their own emoji. Many emoji on our digital devices today are imported from Kurita’s original set of emoji.Japan’s love for emoji continued well into the 2000s before the rest of the world discovered them. Apple Inc. officially introduced an emoji function in their software in 2011. Soon, other phone companies from around the world made it easier for their customers to use emoji ______68________.As you scroll (滑动）through your phone, you can see the wide selection of available emoji. More than 2,000 emoji are in existence now, with more being released each year. These numbers show the popularity and demand for emoji.Why? Because words alone can’t convey the complete meaning of a digital message. In digital communication, emoji express a tone or mood. More than 90 percent of people online use emoji especially ones that show emotion like hearts and smileys. ________69________. For1 / 23 1/ 23example, they might send a red heart emoji as a response that they really like something instead of writing, “I love that.”Some emoji are also abstract enough for people to use in any way they like. You can send an emoji as an inside joke, which is only understood between you and your friend. _______70______. Nor do they belong to a specific culture. You and I give emoji meaning, because emoji is a language that belongs to all of us.67-70 ADBF2020崇明一模Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need2 / 23 2/ 23Growing Food from Air in NigeriaA group of farmers in Nigeria is using a technology-based method to grow crops from mist (水汽) in the air. The method, known as aeroponics, does not involve soil. Instead, plant roots hang in the air. The roots take in nutrients from a watery mist.Aeroponics is not well-known in Nigeria, but farmers there are working to make the technique more popular. ______67______Biochemist Samson Ogbole is popularly known as Nigeria's smart farmer. He and his team are growing crops without soil at the technology-based farm they started three years ago ill Abeokuta. Ogbole says they are on a campaign to end seasonal food scarcity in Nigeria. "Because we are the ones controlling everything that the plant requires, we are not depending on seasons. So it’s no longer seasonal farming. It is just farming anytime of the year，meaning we can plant anytime of the year, and we can harvest anytime of the year.”________68________ It required financing of more than $180,000. And some people in Abeokuta were very much against this non-traditional method of farming. It took a lot of effort to change peopled minds about aeroponics.Tn Nigeria, about 30 million hectares of farmland is being used, instead of the 78.5 million hectares required for food security. In the north, only 49 percent of the land is fertile, a situation that worries traditional farmers. ________69_________ Nutrients for the plants are controlled by a recycling system, greatly increasing productivity.Philip Ojo is director general of Nigeria's National Agricultural Seeds Council. He says the government welcomes new farming methods. Ojo noted that with aeroponics, farmers can quickly increase planting materials. So, his group strongly supports the technology.The agricultural industry represents about 40 percent of Nigeria’s economy. _______70________ For now, most farmers lack the technical knowledge to increase productivity. They also need access to high-quality seeds to guarantee better harvests. Technologically skilled farmers like Samson Ogbole are offering a new way forward.3 / 23 3/ 2367-70 FADB2020奉贤一模Directions: After reading the passage below, choose the best answers from the six statements according to what you have just read.The price of a piece of historyA fresh lemon can be purchased for less than $1. But in 2008, Cowan's Auctions in Cincinnati sold a lemon blackened with age for $2,350.What was so special about this lemon?67 According to a handwritten note in ink attached to a partly sealed bottle containing the lemon, the fruit was picked in May 1842 by Washington's "old gardener" some 43 years after the first president's deathTwo thousand dollars is a lot to pay for produce, even from the estate of a founding father. This sale, however, just might be considered a bargain compared with prices paid for other historical collectibles in recent years. 68Collecting a piece of history, or an object associated with a famous person, is not brand new. Ordinary objects with extraordinary stories have increasingly been coming to auction and achieving high prices, says Thomas Venning, director of Christie's department of books and manuscripts in London. Prices are being driven up, he says, by collectors in the U.S. and, increasingly, in Asia. The Hawking wheelchair, for example, was purchased by a private museum in China.4 / 23 4/ 2369 For one thing, their history of ownership is both crucial and sometimes difficult to prove. Photographs of the famous person with the object, as well as documentation (such as letters, diaries or recollections by acquaintances referring to the object) can also help. 70 To evaluate the value of a Picasso painting, one can look at recent prices paid for other Picasso paintings of the same period, similar size or style. Finding another recent sale of a lemon planted by George Washington is a different matter.Katie Horstman, head of Cowan's American History department, says she could find no comparable items for the lemon as she prepared the piece for its auction. Ms. Horstman nevertheless eventually arrived at the estimated value at $3,000 to $4,000, she says, by researching auction records for objects somehow associated with Washington that had appeared on the market.Cowans ended up estimating the value of the lemon at $3,000 to $4,000, according to description on its website. Objects associated with Washington these days, Ms. Horstman says, can sell for anywhere from 1,000 up to tens of thousands of dollars.67-70 CABE2020虹口一模Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.5 / 23 5/ 23Is Multitasking Always Good?Not only do smart-phones provide unrestricted access to information, they provide perfect opportunities to multitask. Any activity can be accompanied by music, selfies or social media updates. Of course, some people pick poor times to tweet or text, and lawmakers have steeped in. __67__ In Honolulu, it’s illegal to text or even look at your phone while crossing the street, and in the Netherlands they’ve banned texting while biking.__68__ You need to self-regulate. Understanding how the brain multitasks and why we find multitasking so appealing will help you realize the danger or pulling out your phone.Multitasking feels like doing two things at the same time, so it seems the danger lies in asking one mental process to do two unrelated things -- for texting drivers, watching the screen and the road.Twenty states have instituted bans on driving using a hand - held phone while still allowing hands - free calls. Yet hands - free or hand - held makes no difference. __69__ The real problem is the switch of attention between the conversation and road, and that affects performance.Please sense this, and when on the phone they drive slower and increase their following distance, but they are far too confident that these measures reduce risks. This overconfidence extends to other activities. A 2015 survey showed that a majority of students who use social media, text or watch TV while studying think that they can still comprehend the material they’re studying.People don’t multitask merely because they see no harm in it; they see benefits. ___70___ Most people will still choose to multitask. But they should, at the very least , be fully aware of how that choice affects them and the potential consequences for themselves and others. They need to pay attention to how much -- or how little -- they are paying attention.6 / 23 6/ 2367 - 70 CAEB2020黄浦一模Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Sustainable Transport in CitiesTransport has always shaped cities. In Medieval times crossroads gave birth to blooming market towns. Many North American cities were created for the car. But how are the cities of today being shaped by a need for more sustainable transport?Many local governments are speeding up change through policy initiatives such as joined transport, congestion charges and low emission zones, sustainable gaining and life-cycle costing, and opening data up to companies and academics. And these city level policies can move markets7 / 23 7/ 23in more sustainable directions. ___67___ This ha resulted in five vehicle manufacturers committing to meeting that deadline, which is both in their own commercial interests and good for the environment.The least dense cities, for example, Houston, have per capita（人均价）carbon emissions nearly ten times higher than the densest, such as Singapore. ___68___ This involves gathering mixed use developments around a key transport center, as with the KL Central area in Kuala Lumpur, built around the largest railway station in Southeast Asia.___69___ Others are using motivations and behavioural change to encourage people to choose more efficient -- and often healthier -- forms of transport. Copenhagen has a number of progressive cycling policies including the Green Wave, which allows people cycling at 20km /h to hit all green lights during rush hour.Light weighing and new engine and fuel technologies are helping to make existing road and rail vehicles more efficient. ___70___ The main options are hydrogen fuel cells, fossil fuel hybrids, and electric vehicles, and the best solution may well vary from city to city.67-70 DEFB2020嘉定一模Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.8 / 23 8/ 23South Africa still has a long way to go on the right to foodFifty-four percent of South Africans are hungry or at risk of hunger. Hunger affects people’s health, as well as their ability to live full and productive lives because the rights to dignity, health and education are affected by hunger._____67_____ There are significant race, class and gender differences. For example, black South Africans are 22 times more likely to be food insecure compared with white South Africans. Food insecurity is defined as not having physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food that meets dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.This unequal distribution indicates a situation of severe food injustice in South Africa. Yet from the research with urban farmers it’s clear that people do not know of the right to food, and don’t see unequal access to nutritious food as an injustice. _____68______ While there are frequent protests around access to jobs, education, housing, water and electricity, we rarely, if ever, see protests about access to food.One of the drivers of unequal access to food is the way in which the industrial food system works. For example, a few large companies dominate each aspect of the food value chain. _____69_____ Because the large companies dominate the supply chain, they are able to maximize profits at the expense of small - scale producers, to whom they pay very low prices._____70______ It needs to ensure that marginalized producers, processors and retailers have an opportunity to earn a decent living. At the same time corporate dominance needs to be addressed.Anyway, at the most basic level, it requires that South Africans know they have a right to food in9 / 23 9/ 23the first place.67-70 EADB2020静安一模Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Search for a Human Face for RobotsLooking for a $130,000 payday? Geomiq, a British engineering and manufacturing firm is searching for a “kind and friendly” face to be the face of a robot once it goes into production. “This10 / 23 10/ 23will entail (需要) the selected person’s face being reproduced on potentially thousands of versions of the robots worldwide,” Geomiq says in a blog post about the project.Robots have been at the forefront of technology for decades, and are widely considered the future of our technological advancement. With the number of adults over 85 expected to triple by 2050, according to some estimates, robots designed to keep the elderly company are becoming increasingly common.(67) __________________ They do things like responding to voice commands, offering proactive (积极主动的) notifications and advice and letting relatives monitor conditions at home. There is still a long way to go but new robotic products are coming into fruition all the time. Geomiq says the robot line has been in the works for five years and will result in a companion for seniors.The designer has noted in an interview with a select press pool that they can’t release too many details at this stage．(68) __________________The designer has also stressed that unsuccessful candidates will not be contacted. The company says the need for anonymity (匿名) is due to the secretive nature of the project. However, it believes the robot will soon be “readily available” to the public and hopes the campaign will create extra buzz ahead of its eventual release. “We know that this is an extremely unique request, and signing over the licenses to your face is potentially an extremely big decision,” Geomiq said.(69) __________________ The designer has said that the project has been in development for five years, and in that time frame taken on investment from some independent venture capitals as well as a top fund based in Shanghai. The company says the robots’ purpose will be to act as a “virtual friend” for elderly people and is set to go into production next year.The blog post doesn’t share age or gender parameters (参数). (70) __________________ Candidates who make it to the next phase will get full details on the project. “The secrecy, ” Geomiq says, “is due to a non-disclosure agreement it’s signed with the robot’s designer and investors.”67-70DFEB2020闵行一模11 / 23 11/ 23Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question: “Should I jump?” This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of the same coin. ______67______ Like the child on the diving board, you will stay undecided.______68_______ More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? First, you need to evaluate yourself, your values, your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your descries, etc. Only then should you set your goals.You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. This is quite important, because it is directly related to your commitment. There are times when your heart is not in your work. ______69_______ So, slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment. Clarity of thoughts can help you move forward.Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your beliefs, values and strengths. Remember that goals are flexible. They can change according to circumstances. They also need to be measurable. You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals.Your personal circumstances are equally important. For example, you may want to be a Pilot but can’t become one because your eyesight is not good enough. ______70______ You should reassess your goals, and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal.You will surely need to overcome some difficulties, some planned, but most unplanned. You cannot overcome them without ample motivation. Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals.12 / 23 12/ 2367-70 EBAC2020浦东一模Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.Regrettably, that point has not yet come.B.Elephant numbers started falling.C.The existence of even a small legal market increases the opportunities for illegal trade.D.They point out that they have devoted huge resources to the elephant.E.In the long run technology can help make trade coexist with conservation.The Ban on Trading Ivory(象牙) is Unfair but NecessaryAs in some countries elephant population have recovered, there are competing proposals about13 / 23 13/ 23how absolute the ban on elephant trading should be. Countries seeking a modest relaxation have a strong case to make. But it is not strong enough. The ban must stay.Understandably, countries that have done a good job protecting their elephants feel this is unfair. 67. And the real burden of all this is borne by poor local people who are in competition with wildlife for resources, and sometimes in conflict with it—elephants can be destructive. People and governments, so the argument goes, need to have an economic stake(利害关系) in the elephants’ survival. The ivory trade would give them one.To understand why these reasonable-sounding proposals should be rejected, consider whathas happened to elephant numbers since some legal trade was authorised, when Botswana, Namibia and South Africa were allowed in 2007 to sell a fixed amount of ivory to Japan. 68.A survey conducted in 2014-15 estimated that elephant numbers had fallen by 30% across 18 countries since 2007.69. In better-resourced national parks, drones are used to make it easier for park keepers to spot illegal hunters. DNA testing of ivory can identify where they came from, and thus whether they are legal. As prices of the technologies fall and countries get richer, both technologies are likely to spread.The objection to trade in products of endangered species is not moral. When the world is confident that it will boost elephant numbers rather than wipe them out, the ivory trade should be encouraged. 70. And until it does, the best hope for the elephant—and even more endangered species, such as rhinos(犀牛)—lies not in easing the ban on trading their products, but in enforcing it better.67-70 DBEA2020普陀一模14 / 23 14/ 23Directions:Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.After becoming president of Purdue University in 2013, Mitch Daniels asked the teaching staff to prove that their students have actually achieved one of higher education’s most important goals: critical thinking skills. ___67___ Mr. Daniels needed to justify the high cost of attending Purdue to its students and their families. After all, the percentage of Americans who say a college degree is “very important” has fallen dramatically in the last 5-6 years.Purdue now has a pilot test to assess students’ critical thinking skills. ____68____ However, they need not worry so much. The results of a recent experiment showed that professors could use standard grading scale to measure how well students did in three key areas: critical thinking, written communication and language literacy.___ 69____ The organizers of the experiment concluded that far fewer students were achieving at high levels on critical thinking than they were doing for written communication or language literacy. And that conclusion is based only on students nearing graduation.American universities, despite their global reputation for excellence in teaching, have only begun to demonstrate what they can produce in real-world learning. Knowledge-based degrees are still important, but employers are demanding advanced thinking skills from college graduates. ____70____15 / 23 15/ 2367-70 BECA2020青浦一模Directions:Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Vitamin D3 Improve Heart FunctionA daily dose of vitamin D3 improves heart function in people with heart failure, a five-year University of Leeds research project has found.Dr. Klaus Witte, from the School of Medicine and Consultant Cardiologist at Leeds Teaching16 / 23 16/ 23Hospitals NHS Trust, led the study. He said: “This is a significant breakthrough for patients. It is the first evidence that vitamin D3 can improve heart function of people with heart muscle weakness –known as heart failure.” __67__Vitamin D3 can be boosted by exposure to sunlight, but heart failure patients are often deficient in it even during the summer because older people make less vitamin D3 in response to sunlight than younger people. Vitamin D3 production in the skin is also reduced by sunscreen.The study, which was funded by the Medical Research Council, involved more than 160 patients from Leeds who were already being treated for their heart failure using proven treatments including beta — blockers, ACE-inhibitors and pacemakers. __68__ Those patients who took vitamin D3 experienced an improvement in heart function which was not seen in those who took a placebo.__69__ Heart specialists measure heart function by taking an ultrasound scan of the heart and measuring how much blood pumps from the heart with each heartbeat, known as ejection fraction. The ejection fraction of a healthy person is usually between 60% and 70%. In heart failure patients, the ejection fraction is often significantly impaired — in the patients enrolled into the study the average ejection fraction was 26%.In the 80 patients who took Vitamin D3, the heart’s pumping function improved from 26% to 34%. __70__ This means that for some heart disease patients, taking vitamin D3 regularly may lessen the need for them to be fitted with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), a device which detects dangerous irregular heart rhythms and can shock the heart to restore a normal rhythm.67-70 F D B C17 / 23 17/ 232020松江一模Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can he used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.When he rolls into a gas station to fill his tank, Barkhad Dahir doesn't get out of his car. He pushes a few buttons on his cellphone and within seconds he has paid for the fuel. With the same quick pushes on his phone he pays for almost everything he needs.Electronic payments offer consumers convenience, provide profits for banks, credit card companies and payment processors and offer merchants improved cash flow and convenience. "I haven't seen cash for a long time. Almost every merchant even hawker（小贩）on the street accepts payment by cellphone. 67. ________________ " says Adan Abokora, a democracy activist.Purchases are made by dialing a three-digit number, entering a four-digit PIN and then entering the retailer's payment number and the amount of money. Both customers and merchants receive text messages to confirm the payment. 68.________________ For instance, the printing and handling of money is expensive. Cash payments can be anonymous（匿名的）and it is hard to track criminal activities conducted in secret. Many governments favor reducing cash dealings in order to better monitor and understand the activities of their citizens. The Swedish government has been discussing the removing of cash since 2010.69. ________________ Do they choose to rob? Do they sit at home and wait? What happens to people who rely on their cellphones to process money dealings when cell service and the Internet are interrupted? A world affected by terrorism and increasingly violent weather may not yet be ready to abandon currency."Other people tear that electronic payments may create security risks and enable dealings to be tracked and reported. 70. ________________ New technologies which balance and address these factors may enable people to remove cash.18 / 23 18/ 2367 -70 ADEF2020徐汇一模Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Essential CreativityIn a recent survey in America, 62% of people said that creativity was more important to success in the workplace than they had anticipated it would be when they were in school.(67) ____________ It is of course possible to scan people's brains and see which parts are firing when an idea is created, but rather more romantically it can be thought of as something that cannot be identified. Creativity is what comes to you when you least expect it. You cannot demand creativity from your mind, nor can you demand that you are creative in a particular way.19 / 23 19/ 23One misconception about creativity is that it is reserved for a few special people. This is not true. (68) ____________ Another misconception is that creativity is all about the arts but this simply isn't true: creativity extends to maths and science in just the way it does to music and literature.Those who see things differently to others and are confident enough to make their ideas a reality are the ones who make the greatest changes in the world. Consequently, it is incredibly important that schools do not prevent creativity. (69) _______________ Students should be taughtto ask questions and investigate when things do not make sense. They need to learn to view mistakes as opportunities for learning rather than something that was unsuccessful.It is worrying that many schools are less concerned now with nurturing creativity when this is the most important time in history for it. It used to be that people worked hard, went to university, and got a job. That was it. But now, everyone works hard, goes to university — and there aren't the jobs out there that guarantee a safe future. (70) ________________ We can use it to set ourselves apart, and channel it to face the challenges of the future.67-70 EFBC20 / 23 20/ 232020杨浦一模Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Slower Walkers Have Slower Minds, Scientists RevealOf all human activities, few are so readily credited with enhancing the power of the mind as going for a good walk. However, those who assume that strolling along at a gentle pace is the symbol of superior intellect should think again, scientists have said. ______67_______Doctors have long used walking speed to gain a quick and reliable understanding of older peopled mental capability, as it is increasingly recognized that pace is associated with not only muscular strength but also the central nervous system. ______68______ The relationship was so obvious, however, that the US scientists now say walking tests could be used to provide an early indication of dementia（痴呆）.Published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, the study revealed an average difference of 16 IQ points between the slowest and the fastest walkers at the age of 45, This reflected both the participants’ natural walking speed and the pace they achieved when asked lo walk as fast as they could._____69______ Actually, slower walkers were shown to have “speeded aging'' on a 19-measure scale devised by researchers, and their lungs, teeth and immune systems tended to be in21 / 23 21/ 23。

2020年上海各区高三英语一模汇编—六选四（含答案）（精校版）One【虹口区】Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Is Multitasking Always Good?Not only do smartphones provide unrestricted access to information, they provide perfect opportunities to multitask. Any activity can be accompanied by music, selfies or social media updates. Of course, some people pick poor times to tweet or text, and lawmakers have stepped in. (67)________ In Honolulu, it's illegal to text or even look at your phone while crossing the street, and in the Netherlands they've banned texting while biking.(68)________ You need to self-regulate. Understanding how the brain multitasks and why we find multitasking so appealing will help you realize the danger of pulling out your phone.Multitasking feels like doing two things at the same time, so it seems the danger lies in asking one mental process to do two unrelated things— for texting drivers, watching the screen and the road.Twenty states have instituted bans on driving using a hand-held phone while still allowing hands-free calls. Yet hands-free or hand-held makes no difference. (69)________ The real problem is the switch of attention between the conversation and the road, and that affects performance.People sense this, and when on the phone they drive slower and increase their following distance, but they are far too confident that these measures reduce risks. This overconfidence extends to other activities.A 2015 survey showed that a majority of students who use social media, text or watch TV while studyingthink that they can still comprehend the material they're studying.People don't multitask merely because they see no harm in it; they see benefits. (70)_________ Most people will still choose to multitask. But they should, at the very least, be fully aware of how that choice affects them and the potential consequences for themselves and others They need to pay attention to how much— or how little—they are paying attention.【答案】67C, 68A, 69E, 70B【解析】67.空格前后两句都是在讲开车时用手机的事情，所以选择C选项，在这里用手机是被禁止的68. 从空格后面说你需要自我管理来看，前面是在说法律有些东西是管不了的69. E选项中的代词they代指前面的hands-free or hand-held70. 前面说人们看到这件事情的好处，所以空格这里应该介绍具体的好处，所以是BTwo【黄浦区】Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Sustainable Transport in CitiesTransport has always shaped cities. In Medieval times crossroads gave birth to blooming market towns. Many North American cities were created for the car. But how are the cities of today being shaped by a need for more sustainable transport?Many local governments are speeding up change through policy initiatives such as joined transport, congestion charges and low emission zones, sustainable gaining and lifecycle costing, and opening data upto companies and academics. And these city level policies can move markets in more sustainable directions. ___67___ This has resulted in five vehicle manufacturers committing to meeting that deadline, which is both in their own commercial interests and good for the environment.The least dense cities, for example, Houston, have per capita(人均的) carbon emissions nearly ten times higher than the densest, such as Singapore. ___68___ This involves gathering mixed use developments around a key transport center, as with the KL Central area in Kuala Lumpur, built around the largest railway station in Southeast Asia.___69___ Others are using motivations and behavioural change to encourage people to choose more efficient―and often healthier―forms of transport. Copenhagen has a number of progressive cycling policies including the Green Wave, which allows people cycling at 20km/h to hit all green lights during rush hour.Light weighting and new engine and fuel technologies are helping to make existing road and rail vehicles more efficient. ___70___ The main options are hydrogen fuel cells, fossil fuel hybrids, and electric vehicles, and the best solution may well vary from city to city.【答案】67D, 68E, 69F, 70B【解析】67.抓住空格后This has resulted in five vehicle manufacturers committing to meeting that deadline中的that deadline，选入的选项中应该有表示最后期限的信息。

2020年一模6选4徐汇p56青浦区p47杨浦p27普陀p15闵行p6【答案分析】本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了动机和目标设定是同一枚硬币的两面，一定要好好把握．【解答】1．G．推理判断题．根据后文Like the child on the diving board，you will stay undecided就像跳板上的孩子一样，你会犹豫不决．可知没有动力，你既不能设定目标，也不能达到目标；故选G．2．B．推理判断题．根据后文More than that，how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal？更重要的是，你应该如何保持动力来实现这个目标呢？可知那么，你应该如何激励自己呢；故选B．3．A．推理判断题．根据前文This is quite important，because it is directly related to your commitment．There are times when your heart is not in your work这是非常重要的，因为它与你的承诺直接相关．有时你的心不在你的工作中．可知这会影响你的工作；故选A．4．E．推理判断题．根据后文They also need to be measurable．You must keep these points in mind while setti ng your goals它们也需要是可测量的．在设定你的目标时，你必须记住这些要点．可知它们可以根据情况而改变；故选E．5．C．推理判断题．根据后文You should reassess your goals，and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal你应该重新评估你的目标，并激励自己设定一个新的目标．可知然而，这不应使你气馁；故选C．嘉定p82静安p21崇明p72本文主要讲述了尼日利亚用空气种植食物．【解答】1．F细节理解题．根据前句Aeroponics is not well-known in Nigeria，but farmers there are working to make the technique more popular．航空疗法在尼日利亚并不出名，但那里的农民正在努力使这项技术更受欢迎．可知后面应该是在大量土地无法修复的地方，这可能会有很大的不同．故选F．2．A归纳总结题．根据后面It required financing of more than＄180，000．And some people in Abeokuta were very much against this non-traditional method of farming．It took a lot of effort to change peopled minds about aeropon ics．它需要超过18万美元的资金，而阿贝奥库塔的一些人非常反对这种非传统的耕作方法，要改变人们对航空疗法的看法需要付出很大的努力．可知此处是本段归纳总结句，但是建立航空农场并不容易．故选A．3．D承上启下题．根据前后句In the north，only49percent of the land is fertile，a situation that worries traditi onal farmers．（3）…Nutrients for the plants are controlled by a recycling system，greatly increasing productivity．在北方，只有49%的土地是肥沃的，这种情况令传统农民担忧．植物的养分由循环系统控制，大大提高了生产力．可知然而，航空航天并不需要传统的农业劳动或大量的土地．故选D．4．B归纳总结题．根据后句For now，most farmers lack the technical knowledge to increase productivity．目前，大多数农民缺乏提高生产力的技术知识．可知前句政府希望大幅提高这一比例．故选B．奉贤p89。