2019届上海高三英语二模汇编：六选四

2019届上海市奉贤区⾼三⼆模英语试题（解析版）2019届上海市奉贤区⾼三⼆模英语试题考⽣注意1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(⾮选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上⼀律不得分3. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上，在答题纸反⾯清楚地填写姓名。

Ⅰ. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A. At an airport.B. In an office.C. At a police station.D. Ata travel agency. 【答案】A【解析】【分析】W: Thanks for meeting me. Mr. Hawker.M: Nice to see you. Do we need to stop at the baggage claim area?Q: Where does this conversation most probably take place?【详解】此题为听⼒题，解析略。

2019上海高考英语六选四试题适合中等程度偏上分题材针对高考中等程度偏上（A）Getting dressed for the officeIt’s clear that business wear has changed in the last few years--for both men and women. Even traditional business such as law companies have altered their dress codes from “smart” to “smart-casual”. ___1___. What is less clear, however, is what “smart-casual” actually means. I hope to give you a few basic tips here. There are many factors involved: for example, the particular industry you work in, how much contact you have with the public and your position in the company. The seasons even have a part to play--what is acceptable in the summer might not be in the autumn or winter.So, does “smart-casual” mean you can come to work in tracksuit bottoms andsandal s, or does it just mean that you don’t have to wear a tie? ___2___. Fashionable colors for suits for both men and women this season are still the traditional grey, dark blue and black. You see someone wearing grey and it indicates a conservative, professio nal image; dark blue says you’re trustworthy; and black always looks smart and classy. These colors don’t have to look boring, however. Try wearing a shirt or blouse with a splash of color. Pale blue, pink or lilac are better than loud colors like bright pink and dark red.____3__. Men can go for a sports-type jacket, with a shirt or smart jumper. You can wear well-cut trousers made of wool, or a good pair of chinos. Women can wear trouser suits or skirt suits. You can also wear more fashionable trousers and a blouse, or a skirt and top. But be careful; avoid wearing baggy, loose clothes, very short skirts and lots of logos and patterns. If in doubt, go back to the suit. You need a similar attitude to jewelry, bags and other accessories; you should try to resist large earrings and huge, colorful bags. ___4___.答案: DFAC（B）If women are mercilessly exploited(利用) year after year, they have only themselves to blame. Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores. ___1__ When you come to think of it, only a woman is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear.Changing fashions are nothing more than the intentional creation of waste. Many women spend vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. Women who cannot afford to throw away clothing in this way, waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have. ___2__No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes any thing really important to society. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and durability. ___3__There can hardly be a man who hasn't at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day, or delicately picking her way through deep snow in high- heeled shoes.When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion，the conclusions to be drawn are obvious. Do the constantly changing fashions of women's clothes, onewonders, reflect basic qualities of inconstancy and instability? ___4__ Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability (稳定)and reliability (可靠)? That is for you to decide.答案:AB, C, A, AC（C）Charity—Humanity’s most kind and generous desire—is a timeless and borderless virtue, dating at least to the dawn of religious teaching. Philanthropy（慈善行为）as we understand it today, however, is a distinctly American phenomenon, inseparable from the nation that shaped it. From colonial leaders to modern billionaires like Buffett, Gates and Zuckerberg, the tradition of giving is woven into the national DNA.____1____ Benjamin Franklin, an icon of individual industry and frugality（节俭）even in his own day, understood that with the privilege of doing well came the price of doing good. When he died in 1790, Franklin thought to future generations, leaving in trust two gifts of 1,000 Ib. of sterling silver—one to the city of Boston, the other to Philadelphia. According to his instruction, a portion of the money could not be used for 200 years.While Franklin’s gifts lay in wait, the tradition he es tablished evolved alongside the young nation. ____2____ Often far less famed men and women have played a critical role in philanthropy’s evolution. One of my pe rsonal heroes is Julius Rosenwald, who helped construct more than 5,300 schools across the segregated（种族隔离）South and opened classroom doors to a generation of African-American students.____3____ The answer is not just to benefit others. Tax reduction, for one, encourages the rich people to give. And philanthropy has long helped improve the public image of everyone from immoral capitalists to the new tech elite. More troubling, however, are the foundational problems that make philanthropy so necessary. Jus t before his death, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. wrote, “Philanthropy is praise-worthy, but it must not cause the philanthropist to overlook the circumstances of economic injustice which make philanthropy necessary.”Franklin’s gifts represent a broader pri nciple. We are guardians of a public trust, even if our capital came from private enterprise, and our most important obligation is ensuring that the system works more equally and more justly for more people. ____4____ America’s greatest strength is not th e fact of perfection, but rather the act of perfecting.答案: AC, AB, A, C（D）Sex difference in sports interest: What does evolution say?Sports are enormously popular, and one striking pattern is that boys and men are typically much more involved than are girls and women. This sex difference has policy implications, and it raises fundamental questions about the nature of sex differences. A recent review article by Deaner, Balish, and Lombardo (2016), published in Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences, analyzes the relevant theoretical work.First, the authors demonstrated that females' under-representation in sport--both as participants and spectators--generally reflects their lesser sports interest, not merely fewer opportunities for involvement. Moreover, this sex difference occurs in all societies described thus far, from hunters and gatherers to large contemporary societies. _____1_____.Next, the authors explored adaptive, functional hypotheses（猜想）for sports. One hypothesis holds that individuals compete in sports to gain status and that non-participants monitor sports performances so they can evaluate potential competitors and allies（同盟）. _____2_____. Another hypothesis is that sports serve as courtship displays that advertise participant quality to the opposite sex. This hypothesis effectively explains some aspects of females' sports interest._____3_____. Although it is often assumed that socialization practices entirely cause this sex difference, the evidence that socialization plays a role remains doubtful. In particular, no systematic historical comparison has ever shown a decrease in the sex difference. Moreover, several studies indicate that inborn hormones contribute to males' greater sports interest.The points from this review are that the sex difference in sports interest is widespread, partly due to evolutionary pressures that differentially affected males and females, and unlikely to be fully overturned by socialization. _____4_____. Most notably, Title IX is a U.S. law that prohibits sexual discrimination in educational opportunities, including sports, and Title IX is generally implemented under the assumption that females' sports interest is inherently equal to that of males. The present research indicates that this implementation may require revision.答案: DACE（A）In a few years you will be able to order a transcript of your entire genetic code for less than $1,000. ____1____Two different university laboratories have developed test that will reveal the entirety of a baby’s genetic code using just a blood sample f rom the mother plus a drop of saliva(唾液)from the father.Prenatal(出生前的) whole-genome sequencing will provide volumes of information beyond the currently available tests exclusively for genetic disorders such as Down’s syndrome or Tay-Saches disease. The three billion units of code furnished in the new tests will also dwarf(使……相形见的) the relative trickle(零散)of information provided by consumer gene-testing services such as 23andMe, which currently look only at perhaps about one million locations in the genome.____2____Without careful panning, the new prenatal genetics might rob a child of the chance to make decisions best left until adulthood---whether or not to learn, for instance, if a mutation(突变)predicts the inevitability of Huntington’s disease 20 years hence._____3_____. Similar laissez0faire(放住)action to prenatal whole-genome testing could portend(预示)tragedy.Ultimately certain agency will need to develop a comprehensive policy on prenatal whole genome testing. Bioethics scholars wrote an analysis last summer that calls onthe medical community to develop a guide to the most relevant genomic data for future parents. ___4___Without access to a much higher level of refined expertise, the secrets of our offspring’s genetic code will continue to re main an unnerving cipher---or worse.答案: B AC C A（B）Wearable technology is nothing new - activity trackers and smart watches are now as ubiquitous as trainers and glasses. ____1_____ In the not too distant future, it's highly likely that our clothes will be almost as smart as our phones.Given we’ve survived just fine for millennia with the clothes we have now , you might wondering what the point of connected clothing would be. Well, imagine if when you put a jacket in the washing machine, a chip in the jacket automatically puts the machine on the right laundry setting, making life just that little biteasier. _____2______For instance, how it was designed, its sustainability and even a playlist made by the brand.Whilst none of these functions are things we need, the hope is that they'll enhance our clothing and the experience that goes with wearing it. _____3____One company leading the way is clothing care label manufacturer Avery Dennison, who have teamed up with fashion label Rochambeau and Everything to create a bomber jacket with a personalized QR code. The code in the chip then gives the wearer a number of perks such as entry to exclusive clubs, special menus at certain restaurants and a ticket to Rochambeau's next runway show.But internet-connected clothing isn't the only way fashion is combining with technology - programmatic commerce, a concept developed by global ecommerce consultancy Salmon, is set to change the way we buy clothes.______4_____ For example, before you've even realized you've run out of tights, your favorite online retailer has automatically re-ordered some new ones for you based on your repurchasing patterns and an estimation of the average life cycle of your tights.So with connected clothing and homes, it may soon be that when it comes to fashion, we barely have to think about anything at all.答案:E AFC（A）The Science of Risk-SeekingSometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth tasking. 1 _ Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. 2 As the quality of risk-taking was passed from one generation to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.So why aren’t we al l jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200, 000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it. It all depends on your character.No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. 3 To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.4 For the risk-seekers, a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, we’ll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool.答案:AB,B,D,AC（B）Does solving a math problem give you a headache? Do you feel nervous when you sit a math exam? ____1____Scientists came to this conclusion with an in-depth experiment, which was published in the Public Library of Science One journal. They began by finding out how much participants fear math. Those involved were asked a series of questions such as how they feel when they receive a math textbook or when they walk into a math lesson.Based on their answers, participants were divided into groups. One group was made up of people who were particularly afraid of math and participants in the other group were more comfortable with the subject.Both groups were then given either math tasks or word tasks. When a math task was going to come next, a yellow circle would appear but when a word task was soon to come, a blue square would be shown. ____2____ It was like the pain they would feel, for example, if they burnt their hand on a hot stove. But they reacted less strongly when they knew that they would be faced with a word task.However, scientists saw no strong brain response from people in the second group.Math can be difficult, and for those with high levels of mathematics-anxiety (HMA), math is associated with tension, apprehension and fear. “When you are really thinking about the math problems, your mind is racing and you are worrying about all the things that could go wrong,” explained Ian Lyons from University of Chicago, US, leader of the study. “____3____”More interestingly, the brain activity disappeared when participants actually started dealing with the math tasks. “____4____” Lyons said.Based on the study, scientists suggested that things could be done to help students worry less and move past their fear of math, which might mean they perform better in tests.答案: C D E A（C）Suppose you become a leader in an organization. It’s very likely that you’ll want to have volunteers to help with the organization’s activities. To do so, it should help understand why people undertake volunteer word and what keeps their interest in the work.Let’s begin with the question of why people volunteer. ______1_________For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships. If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate. To select volunteers, you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.People also volunteer because they are required to do so. To increase levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs. Unfortun ately, these programs can shift people’s wish of participating from an internal factor (e.g. “I volunteer because it’s important to me”) to an external factor(e.g., ‘ I volunteer because I’m required to do so .”) . When that happens people become less likely to volunteer in the future. ________2_________Once people begin to volunteer, what leads them to remain in their positions over time? To answer this question, researchers have conducted follow-up studies in which they track volunteers over time. For instance, one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year. One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions. _____3_____ the researchers note that attention should be given to “training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience.”Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree to which people view “volunteer” as an important social role. _______4_______ . Participants indicated the degree to which the social rolemattered by responding to statements such as “V olunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am.” “ Consistent with the researchers “ expectations, they found a positive correlation between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer. These results, once again , lead to concrete advice:” Once an individual begins volunteering ,continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity ---- Item like T-shirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for t heir contribution can help strengthen role identity.”答案:FBEC（D）Exoplanets :The Hunt Is OnToday scientists believe that planets could outnumber the stars. For centuries, scientists and natural philosophers have proposed that stars in the night sky have planetary systems similar to our own solar systems. The existence of extrasolarplanets, or exoplanets, has long been discussed. ___1__ Although not the first exoplanet discovery, a planet near a sun-like star was discovered by astronomers in 1995. This kicked off an era of exoplanet hunting, with thousands of discoveries and confirmations following in its wake.___2__ However, in 2015 NASA’s Kepler space telescope found its first Earth-sized planet in a “habitable” zone. This is the distance from a star where surface temperature of a planet wouldn’t be too hot or too cold for liquid water. So far, only a small slice of our galaxy, the Milky Way, has been explored. Even so, scientist have confirmed over 3500 exoplanets, with more being added every day.To detect exoplanets, scientists use data from a variety of sources. Large ground- based telescopes, earth- circling and sun- circling satellites all collect different types of information. Because exoplanets are so far away and very lose to stars, it is very difficult to see them directly ____3__. For example, when an exoplanet moves between its star and us, it causes a small drop in the star’s brightness. Measuring this drop is the transit （凌日）method of discovery. NASA’S Kepler space telescope has discovered many exoplanets in this way.As a planet circles a star, it pulls on it and causes it to shake. __4___. Measuring these slight changes is the radial velocity（径向速度）method of discovering planets. It is one of the most productive methods for finding and confirming exoplanets.These are just two examples of the many methods scientists use in their hunt for exoplanets, hoping for more information and enhanced detail. As time progresses and technology improves, who knows what else we may find!答案: EBAC（A）In the 19 century, millions of European went to the USA because they wanted to find a better life. Many of them couldn't find work in cities like New York._67_ The people, called settlers, travelled west through the mountains on the Oregon Trail.Some of these people hoped to find gold in California. The journey sometimes took more than one year. There are a lot of films, called Westerns, about the settlers on the trail. In most of the film, we see the native Americans(American Indians) attacking the settlers, and the "Indians" killing many white people._68_ In fact, most of them were very helpful to the settlers._69_ many of them walked 3200 kilometers, the whole length of the trail. They had wagons, but the wagons were often too full, so people could not travel in them. Many parents also had to carry their small children. The people were very poor andmany did not even have shoes— they walked the whole trail bare foot, in extremely cold temperature.More than 50,000 people, including many women and children, died on the trail.A lot of people died from illnesses like cholera, because the drinking water wasn’t clean._70_Many people died under the wheels of wagons, for example, and from accidental gunshots.Keys: 67~70 D AC AB B。

崇明区2019届第二次高考模拟考试试卷英语（考试时间120分钟，满分140分。

请将答案填写在答题纸上）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. A pilot. B. An airhost. C. A passenger. D. A taxi driver.2. A. In a bank. B. In a hotel. C. In a clinic. D. In a university.3. A. Order for the man. B. Recalculate the bill.C. Refuse to pay the bill.D. Give the man a discount.4. A. He forgot about the football game. B. He can’t endure the loud noise from the game.C. He thought the game was disappointing.D. He doesn’t think football games make any sense.5. A. She’d like the man to touch the report for her.B. She’s already finished her report on the movie.C. She’ll be unable to see the movie with the man.D. She prefers a different type of movie to a comedy.6. A. He’s got an extra train schedule. B. He’s going to Philadelphia by train.C. He’s already missed his train.D. He’s familiar with the train station.7. A. He’s satisfied with his job. B. He’s got trouble finding a job.C. He likes working in hot summer.D. He gets more pay than expected.8. A. The man and the woman did the research together.B. The woman did n’t work hard enough on her paper.C. The professor was content with the woman’s paper.D. The paper wasn’t as good as the woman had thought.9. A. She’ll consider the man’s invitation. B. She doesn’t want to join a gardening club.C. She doesn’t ha ve time to work in a garden.D. She’s never been formally invited into a club.10. A. He won’t vote for the woman.B. He may also run for class president.C. The woman shouldn’t have asked him for his vote.D. The woman should ask his roommate to vote for her.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Crows are particularly clever birds. B. Crows have been trained to work for a park.C. Crows are popular with theme parks.D. Crows have long been seen as symbols of evil.12. A. Collecting garbage. B. Giving gifts to visitors.C. Using various tools.D. Remembering visitors’ faces.13. A. To show visitors can be more careful to keep the park clean.B. To train more crows to clear up the park in a more rapid way.C. To communicate with crows and establish a relationship with them.D. To indicate humans can learn from nature to protect the environment.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. To save space. B. To reach for the sky. C. To attract tourists. D. To be seen miles away.15. A. They fail to inspire the culture. B. They threaten the city’s development.C. They have rather odd nicknames.D. They make old landmarks hard to see.16. A. Skyscrapers are usually ugly. B. The Shard is the world’s tallest building.C. London’s upward expansion is continuing.D. London’s replaced off ice blocks with high-rises. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. The expansion of the cafeteria. B. The cost of meals in the cafeteria.C. The food served in the cafeteria.D. The job opportunities in the cafeteria.18. A. Cooking food for the students. B. Serving food for the students.C. Improving meals’ nutritional value.D. Listening to complaints about service.19. A. To give nutrition lessons to students.B. To collect students’ opinions about meals.C. To find more students to work in the cafeteria.D. To ask students to try a new dish she has made.20. A. A little curious. B. Very amazed.C. Quite confused.D. A bit doubtful.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.New “Star Wars” Attractions Set to Open at Disney Theme Parks in 2019 The galaxy (银河系) that seems so far, far away just got a little closer.On Tuesday, Disney announced “Star Wars: Galaxy’s Edge”, a highly (21) (expect) themed land under construct ion, would open in summer 2019 at California’s Disneyland and in late fall 2019 at Florida’s Disney World.(22) the announcement was made, officials had only said the new land would open soon.No specific date (23) (announce) for the Disneyland opening. But if past summer openings are any indication, “Galaxy’s Edge” is expected to open in late June.The additions will be Disney’s (24)(big) “single-themed land expansion” ever, according to Disney CEO Bob Iger. Each will be an expansive 14 acres (英亩). A copy of the Millennium Falcon spaceship, (25) guests will be able to pilot, will be a key attraction.Galaxy’s Edge will immerse(使沉浸于) visitors in the Star Wars universe, (26) (transport) them to a never-before-seen Star Wars planet—a remote trading port largely ignored by warring people and one of the last stops before wild space. This planet is (27) Star Wars characters and their stories will come to life. It will feature two major attractions: (28) allowing guests to pilot the Millennium Falcon and the other dropping riders into the middle of a battle. The most advanced video techniques are expected to power each attraction.Even as Galaxy’s Edge (29) (approach), Disneyland is making changes, both large and small, in a dvance. Recent projects have shifted queues for “Dumbo the Flying Elephant” and “It’s a Small World”. These are the efforts to improve traffic flows near the attractions. Similar changes have been made in Adventureland (30) (ease) congestion points. Work has started on a new luxury resort in Downtown Disney. Officials have closed Rainforest Café, ESPN Zone and AMC Theaters to make room.Section BDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Titanic II Could Sail as Soon as 2022If you thought the long-delayed project to launch a full-size copy of the ill-fated Royal Mail Ship Titanic was sunk in the water—think again. Just like Celine Dion sang back in 1997, the travel project will “go on and on.”Australian businessman and politician Clive Palmer, who is behind the 31 , announced in September that work on the ship had started again. The idea was first floated in 2012. It is said that the new ship will be a(n) 32 copy of the infamous ship, which sank in 1912 following a crash with an iceberg (冰山).To avoid a(n) 33 disaster, Titanic II will apparently be equipped with plenty of life boats, modern navigation (导航) and radar equipment. The first voyage, however, will take passengers from Dubai to New York, reports CruiseArabia, with the first sailing 34 to take place in 2022. Blue Star Line says the nine-decked ship will be home to 835 cabins, and 2,435 passengers will be 35 . You’ll be able to buy first-, second- and third-class tickets—just like in the original.Meanwhile tourists with plenty of money might soon have the chance to dive to the 36 of the original Titanic. American company OceanGate has planned diving trips for 2019, costing $105,129 per person.Of course, the original Titanic voyage ended in 37 , with over 1,500 people losing their lives. For many, voyages to the original ship are in bad taste. Steve Sims, founder of The Bluefish, said earlier in 2018 that he doesn’t see diving to the original one as 38 .Realistically, it’s 39 whether Titanic II will ever see the light of day—or whether the diving tours will happen soon. But one thing is for certain, more than 100 years after the Titanic’s first and only voyage, global interest in this ship shows no 40 of slowing down.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Lying in a Foreign Language Is EasierMost people don’t find it more difficult to lie in a foreign language than in their native tongue.However, things are different when telling the truth: This is clearly more difficult for many people in a foreign language than in their native one.This 41 conclusion is the result of a study conducted by two psychologists from the University of Würzburg: Kristina Suchotzki and Matthias Gamer.The two scientists presented their 42 in Journal of Experimental Psychology.Their findings could be important for a lot of processes in which the trustworthiness of certain people must be 43 . In such situations, reports by non-native speakers tend to be considered as less 44 even though they may be truthful. Their discovery also explains another 45 , namely that people communicating in a foreign language are generally considered as less trustworthy.There are two research 46 to predict differences between deception and truth telling in a native compared to a second language.Research from cognitive (认知的)load theory suggests that lying is more difficult in a foreign language. “Compared to truth telling, lying is a cognitively more 47 task,” Kristina Suchotzki explains. Adding a foreign language imposes an additional cognitive 48 which makes lying even more difficult.Lying is easier in a foreign language: This should be true according to the emotional distance hypothesis(假设). This assumption is based on the fact that lying is 49 more emotions than staying with the truth. Liars have higher stress levels and are more tense. Research shows that compared to speaking in a native language, communicating in a second language is less 50 arousing. Accordingly, this 51 emotional arousal would promote lying.To settle this question, the Würzburg psychologist s conducted a number of experiments in which up to 50 test persons had to complete specific tasks. They were asked to answer a number of questions—sometimes 52 and sometimes deceptively both in their native language and in a foreign language. Some questions were 53 ; other questions were clearly emotional.The results show that it usually takes longer to answer emotional questions. Answers in the foreign language also take longer. And generally, it takes longer to tell a lie than to tell the truth. However, the time differences between deceptive and truthful answers are less 54 in a second language than in the native language.The data suggest that the increased cognitive effort is responsible for the prolongation (延长) of the truth 55 in the foreign language. The reason why this prolongation almost does not exist in lying can be explained with the emotional distance hypothesis: The greater emotional distance ina foreign language thus “cancels out” the higher cognitive load when lying.41. A. similar B. unexpected C. disappointing D. inevitable42. A. insights B. principles C. expectations D. justifications43. A. classified B. substituted C. modified D. evaluated44. A. accurate B. believable C. sensitive D. informative45. A. reason B. difference C. origin D. phenomenon46. A. results B. methods C. theories D. questions47. A. inviting B. embarrassing C. rewarding D. demanding48. A. challenge B. perspective C. strategy D. context49. A. aimed at B. prepared for C. associated with D. applied to50. A. emotionally B. alternatively C. fundamentally D. suspiciously51. A. advanced B. reduced C. adapted D. altered52. A. directly B. confidently C. truthfully D. initially53. A. tough B. concrete C. irrelevant D. neutral54. A. appealing B. obvious C. important D. reasonable55. A. claim B. element C. commission D. responseSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）In a career that lasted more than half a century, Tom Wolfe wrote fiction and nonfiction best-sellers including The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test and The Bonfire of the Vanities. Along the way, he created a new type of journalism and coined phrases that became part of the American vocabulary.Wolfe began working as a newspaper reporter, first for The Washington Post, then the New York Herald Tribune. He developed a literary style in nonfiction that became known as the “New Journalism.” “I’ve always agreed on a theoretical level that the techniques for fiction and nonf iction are interchangeable,” he said. “The things that work in nonfiction would work in fiction, and vice versa.”“When Tom Wolfe’s voice broke into the world of nonfiction, it was a time when a lot of writers, and a lot of artists in general, were turning inwards,” says Lev Grossman, book critic for Time magazine. “Wolfe didn’t do that. Wolfe turned outwards. He was a guy who was interested in other people.” Wolfe was interested in how they thought, how they did things and how the things they did affected the world around them.In 1979, Wolfe published The Right Stuff, an account of the military test pilots who became America’s first astronauts. Four years later, the book was adapted as a feature film. “The Right Stuff was the book for me,” says Grossman. “It reminded me, in case I’d forgotten, that the world is an incredible place.”In The Right Stuff, Wolfe popularized the phrase “pushing the envelope.” In a New York magazine article, Wolfe described the 1970s as “The ‘Me’ Decade.” Grossman says these phra ses became part of the American idiom because they were accurate.“He was an enormously forceful observer, and he was not afraid of making strong claims about what was happening in reality,” Grossman says. “He did it well and people heard him. And they rep eatedwhat he said because he was right.” All those words started a revolution in nonfiction that is still going on.56. The “New Journalism” is a style of journalism that .A. changes its news writing techniques frequentlyB. popularizes new American idioms in a literary wayC. combines novelistic techniques with traditional reportingD. reports various news events from a theoretical perspective57. It can be learned from the passage that The Right Stuff .A. is a film directed by Lev GrossmanB. is an influential book by Tom WolfeC. accounts for popular American phrasesD. deals with incredible places in the world58. According to the passage, Tom Wolfe .A. was good at reporting news from a realistic perspectiveB. preferred making claims about events to writing booksC. was fond of commenting on other people’s thoughtsD. liked analyzing social problems from the outside59. Which of the following is the best title for the passageA. Tom Wolfe: A Professional Phrase CoinerB. Tom Wolfe: A Forceful Observer and NovelistC. Tom Wolfe: A Theoretical Creator in LiteratureD. Tom Wolfe: An Innovative Journalist and Writer（B）Important facts about ELIQUIS® (apixaban)This is a summary of important information that you need to know about ELIQUIS. Keep this document in a safe place, so you can refer to it before and during your treatment.Look out for thefollowing signs as youread:Do not stop taking ELIQUIS without talking to the doctor who prescribed (开处方) it to you.Talk to your healthcare team before any medical procedures. ELIQUIS may need to be stoppedbefore surgery, or a medical or dental procedure. Your doctor will tell you when you shouldstop taking ELIQUIS and when you may start taking it again. If you have to stop takingELIQUIS, your doctor may prescribe another medicine to help prevent a blood clot fromforming.What is the possible serious side effect of ELIQUISELIQUIS can cause bleeding,which can be serious, and rarely may lead to death. This is because ELIQUIS is a blood thinner medicine that reduces blood clotting. While taking ELIQUIS, you may hurt more easily and it may take longer than usual for any bleeding to stop.Call your doctor or get medical help right away if you have any symptoms of bleeding when taking ELIQUIS.Who should not take ELIQUISELIQUIS is not for patients who:have artificial heart valves (瓣膜).currently have certaintypes of abnormalbleeding.have had a serious allergic (过敏的) reaction to ELIQUIS.What should I discuss with my healthcare team before starting ELIQUIS Talk to your healthcare team about the following:Liver problems Any other medicalconditions If you have ever had bleeding problemsTell your doctor if you are pregnant or breastfeeding, or planning to become pregnant orbreastfeed. You and your doctor should decide whether you will take ELIQUIS or breastfeed.You should not do both.Tell your healthcare team about all of the medicines you are taking.60. The important facts about ELIQUIS are mainly intended for .A. drugstoresB. patientsC. pregnant womenD. healthcare teams61. It can be inferred from the facts that a blood clot forms .A. when allergic reaction appearsB. when bleeding grows abnormalC. when blood pressure dropsD. when blood becomes thicker62. What can be inferred about ELIQUIS from the factsA. It can be harmful to babies.B. It can’t be taken with any other medicines.C. It shouldn’t be taken af ter a surgery.D. It may increase the risk of having dental problems.（C）The Earth is facing a climate crisis, but it’s also getting greener and leafier. According to new research, the rise is largely due to China and India.A study by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), based on extensive satellite photographs and published in the journal Nature Sustainability, has revealed that the two countrieswith the world’s biggest populations are also responsible for the largest increase in gre enness.Since 2000, the planet’s green leaf area has increased by 5 percent, or over 2 million square miles. That’s an area equivalent to the sum total of the Amazon rainforests, NASA says. But researchers stressed that the new greenery does not neutralize deforestation and its negative impacts on ecosystems elsewhere.A third of the leaf increase is thanks to China and India, due to the implementation of major tree-planting projects alongside a vast increase in agriculture.Using the data from a NASA sensor, researchers discovered that China is the source of a quarter of the increase in green leaf area, despite possessing only percent of the world’s vegetated area (植被区). Forests account for 42 percent of that increase, while croplands make up a further 32 percent. China’s increase in forest area is the result of forest preservation and expansion programs, NASA said, established to fight against the impacts of climate change, air pollution and soil erosion (水土流失). India has contributed a further percent rise in green leaf area, with 82 percent from croplands and percent from forests.Rama Nemani, a co-author of the study and a researcher at NASA’s Ames Research Center, said in a statement, “When the greening of the Earth was first observed, we thought it w as due to a warmer, wetter climate and fertilization from the added carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, leading to more leaf growth in northern forests, for instance.” “Now, with the data that lets us understand the phenomenon at really small scales, we see that humans are also contributing,” Nemani said. “This will help scientists make better predictions about the behavior of different Earth systems, which will help countries make better decisions about how and when to take action.”Thomas Pugh, a professor at the University of Birmingham’s School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, said the NASA report expands scientists’ understanding of the causes behind global greening. But he also cautioned that a direct line cannot be drawn between an increase in global greening and a decrease in negative impacts of climate change.63. The passage mainly tells us that .A. China and India have the world’s largest green leaf areasB. China and India are the lead role players in global greeningC. our planet is experiencing a climate crisis despite human effortsD. our planet is getting greener due to the joint efforts of the world64. What can be learned about China and IndiaA. The area of croplands in India is larger than that in China.B. India’s rise in leaf area is largely due to its forestry program.C. They both show a greater increase in forests than in croplands.D. China boasts twenty-five percent of the global rise in leaf area.65. According to Rama Nemani, their new findings are .A. unexpected but significantB. surprising but valuelessC. predictable but disappointingD. uncontrollable but inspiring66. What can be inferred from the passageA. There is an indirect link between global greening and climate change.B. The new greenery does not have any positive effect on the global climate.C. The gain in greenness does not make up for the damage from loss of leaf area.D. The increase in greening reduces the deforestation rate and its impact globally.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Screen Time: How Much Is Too MuchMany children spend a lot of time watching or playing with electronic media—from televisions to video games, computers and other devices. 67 Perhaps parents now should ease up on their concerns about screen time, at least for older boys and girls.Until last year, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) suggested that children and teenagers have no more than two hours of screen time a day. It also suggests that parents balance a child’s screen time with other activities.68 Christopher Ferguson, who teaches psychology at Stetson University in Florida, notesa lack of evidence supporting reports that too many hours spent playing video games or watching TV is truly harmful.Ferguson seems interested in one idea: the link between video games and violent or risky behavior. When he saw results from a recent British survey on screen time, he wanted to know more. The British study found a small negative effect—about a one percent increase—in aggression and depression among children who had six or more hours of screen time a day. 69 So, Ferguson and his team examined answers from a survey on risky behaviors. The study involved about 6,000 boys and girls in Florida, whose average age was 16.Data from this survey found that American children are also fairly resistant to the negative effectsof electronic media. Among those who used screens up to six hours a day, the survey found: a percent increase in criminal behavior; a percent increase in signs of depression; and a percent negative effect on school grades. 70 To further argue his point that screen time is not harmful, Ferguson adds that children should become familiar with screen technology. Electronic devices, he says, are a part of our everyday lives.IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.71. Fujian Puppetry (木偶剧) in Need of Urgent SafeguardingAs one of the contributions of Chinese performing art to the world’s cultural heritage (遗产), Fujian puppetry has a long history. It has developed a set of characteristic techniques of performance and puppet making, as well as plays and music.No final conclusions have yet been reached on the origins and evolution of Chinese puppetry. Dating from Shang dynasty, pottery figurines (陶俑) used as burial objects have been discovered at the Yin Ruins. In a Western Han tomb at Mawangdui in Changsha, Hunan Province, a number of wooden figurines have been unearthed. These were a great improvement on those from previous dynasties in terms of craftsmanship, variety and modeling. Over time, figurines as burial objects evolved into puppets for entertainment on festive occasions.Chinese puppetry further developed during the Ming and Qing dynasties, with a bunch of schools spreading across the country. Puppet shows from various places had their own characteristics in terms of figure modeling.In the past few decades, many traditional forms of art have seen a decline in popularity. In particular, Fujian puppetry finds itself in hot water. The number of young people learning puppetry has decreased due to socioeconomic changes to their lifestyles. The long period of training required to master the complicated performing techniques has also been a factor in the fall.In response, concerned communities, groups and bearers laid down the 2008-2020 Strategy for the Training of Coming Generations of Fujian Puppetry Practitioners. The key objectives are to safeguard the promotion of Fujian Puppetry and to increase its sustainability through professional training to cultivate a new generation of puppetry practitioners; creation of teaching materials; construction of training institutes and exhibition halls; regional and international cooperation; and artistic exchange.In 2012, the strategy was added to the Register of Good Safeguarding Practices by the UNESCO. With great efforts made by practitioners, local people and education institutions, Fujian Puppetry can expect a brighter future.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 开展研究之前，你必须进行可行性分析。

Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Ways to Be More EfficientNot all tasks of the day are inspiring, fun or exciting. But you still have to wash those dishes and take care of those routine tasks at work or in school. So what can you do not to get lost in procrastination (拖延) ?I’ll share how I do it, how I get some motivation and find more pleasure in what may seem to be a boring task.Instead of focusing your mind on how boring a task may feel, focus your thoughts on why you are doing this and how good it will feel when you are done with it. If needed, sit down for a few minutes, close your eyes and see in your mind. Then go to work with that motivation and those positive feelings in your body.Do it attentively. 67 Focus 100% on just the work with all your senses—how it feels, looks and smells—as you are scr ubbing it and nothing else. Don’t get lost in daydreams. If you are just there, I have found that even such a simple task becomes more enjoyable and something that can bring inner calm rather than distress.Make a deal with yourself and set a timer for 10 minutes. It is often easier to do tasks like these in small bursts. So make a deal with yourself to just spend 10 minutes on your reading or cleaning the house. 68 When the timer rings you can continue doing it if you feel like it (this often happens to me because getting started is the hard part) . Or you can stop and go do something more interesting instead.Create a pleasurable distraction. If possible, try to listen to the radio, your favorite songs, an audio book or watch a movie or TV episode while doing your boring task. 69 I often listen to music or watch an episode of the Simpsons while doing the dishes or other routine work at home.70 Take a walk in the sun. Move on to a more fun or creative task at work or in school. Have a tasty treat. This habit can make it easier to get started and to keep going each day. Because you know that you can look forward to not just being done and the long-term payoff from that but also your immediate reward right after you are finished.Keys:67-70: E D F ASection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Car washes have been automated for decades, but companies developing fully autonomous vehicles must rely on a human touch to keep their cars and trucks in working condition.____67_______For example, soap residue or water spots could effectively "blind" anautonomous car. A traditional car wash's heavy brushes could jar the vehicle's sensors, disrupting their calibration and accuracy. Even worse, sensors, which can cost over $100,000, could be broken. ____68________ Dirt, dead bugs, bird droppings or water spots can impact the vehicle's ability to drive safely.Avis, which has years of experience managing large fleets of rental cars, has been tasked with cleaning and refueling the self-driving van fleet of Waymo, the self-driving arm of Google's parent company. Avis modified three of its branches in the Phoenix area to tend to the Chrysler Pacifica vans."There are special processes that definitely require a lot more care and focus, and you have to clean [the vans] quite often,"______69__________But other self-driving car companies such as Toyota, Aptiv, Drive.AI and Uber described to CNN that they use microfiber cloths along with rubbing alcohol, water or glass cleaner for manual cleanings.____70_______This should alleviate some need for manual cleaning.But because autonomous vehicles can have dozens of sensors, Seeva CEO Diane Lansinger doesn't imagine products like this will be able to clean every camera, radar or LIDAR, a laser sensor that most experts see as essential for self-driving vehicles.Keys:67-70 EFBDSection CDirections：Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Retro GamingThere’s no doubt that in today’s digital world, computer games are extremely sophisticated and capable of creating virtual reality experiences that were unimaginable only a few years ago. So I am interested to see that the simplistic games that I grew up with, are making a revival. But Why?In the 1970s, the original place to play a computer game was at an arcade. Here, you and your mates could try out the new big names in games such as Space Invaders and Pacman.67 And because of the technology involved, the gaming machines were too big to fit into your house.But in the 1980s and 90s, gaming arrived in our homes and people like me were addicted. The sound of beeping became a familiar sound emanating from bedrooms across the land! Names such as Tetris, Sonic and Street Fighter became popular language in the playground – and now they are being talked about – and played – again. One of the reasons is the low cost. The BBC spoke to gamer, Gemma Wood, who says that: 68 I understand that a lot of hard work has gone into the design etc., but how can anyone justify £50 to £60 for a game that you might not even enjoy?69 The graphics on old games may not compare with the detail and definition of modern games but they are fun and easy to use by children and adults alike. And of course, nostalgia plays its part. Some people want to relive their childhood while for others, it is a chance to show their children the computer games they grew up with.Technology journalist, KG Orphanides, says "it's important to recognize how well-designed many of those classic games are... the developers had so little space to work with – your average Sega Mega Drive or SNES cartridge had a maximum capacity of just 4mb–and limited graphics and sound capabilities. This compares to an average capacity of 40G in today's games. 70 ___ This craze for using retro hardware and grabbing an old joystick is certainly catching on. And to persuade those of us who are not sure about downgrading the gaming experience, manufacturers such as Nintendo, are bringing back some of their older consoles in new style casing.Keys:67-70 BEACSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The Minoans: A Forgotten PeopleThe first advanced culture in ancient Greece was the Minoan culture. For thousands of years, knowledge of these people survived only in Greek myths. In the late 19 h century, archaeologists began to unearth ruins. This inspired Arthur Evans to begin digging on the island of Crete near mainland Greece. On a dig in Kbossos, Evans found an ancient palace Experts think that it was the palace of King Minos, acentral figure in many Greek myths.67 With his team, he uncovered a vast structure, varied works of art, and many hieroglyphic records. These finds, together with later finds, comprise all that experts know about Minoan culture.From the evidence experts gathered, it is clear that the Minoans were ahead of their time. The palace at Knossos was five floors high with hundreds of rooms. Buildings throughout the ancient city had plumbing and flush toilets. Stone pavement lined the surfaces of the roads. In addition, the Minoans possessed a highly developed naval fleet for long-distance trade. 68 These records confirm the central role of commerce in culture.Their analysis of the evidence also offers insight into some aspects of Minoan society.69 Ruins and artwork suggest that people of all classes enjoyed a high degree of social and gender equality. Religious icons(图符)show that Minoans worshiped bulls, the natural world, and many female gods.An unusual feature of Minoans culture was the pursuit of leisure interests. Sport and visualarts were central to Minoan life. Boxing and bull jumping, a sport in which players jumped over live bulls, were popular. Although bull jumping may have served some ritual purpose, experts believe that it was done mostly for fun. Similarly, although some works of art showed political and religious themes, other works served only as pleasant decor(装饰品). 70 .The Minoans met their demise after a series of natural disasters. Experts believe that group from the Greek mainland capitalized on these events and looked over the island.Keys:67—70 DFBASection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.People discuss their problems with friends in the hope that they’ll gain some insight into how to solve them. And even if they don’t find a way to solve the ir problems, it feels good to let off some steam. (67)_______________ How problems are discussed, though, can be the difference between halving a problem or doubling it.The term psychologists use for negative problem sharing is “co-rumination”. Co-rumination is the mutual encouragement to discuss problems repeatedly going over the same problems, anticipating future problems and focusing on negative feelings.(68)________________ In a study involving children aged seven to 15 years of age, researchers found that co-rumination in both boys and girls is associated with “high-quality” andclose friendships. However, in girls, it was also associated with anxiety and depression (the same association was not found with the boys). And studies suggest that co-rumination isn’t just a problem for girls. Co-rumination with work colleagues can increase the risk of stress and burn out, one study suggests.(69)________________ In a group of adults, the effects of co-rumination was compared between face-to-face contact, telephone contact, texting and social media. The positive effects of co-rumination were found in face-to-face contact, telephone contact and texting, but not in social media. The negative aspects of co-rumination (anxiety) was found in face-to-face communication and telephone contact, but not texting or social media. Verbal forms of communication seem to enhance both the positive and negative aspects of co-rumination more than non-verbal communication.Discu ssing problems with friends doesn’t always have to lead to worsening mental health, as long as the discussion involves finding solutions and the person with the problem acts on those solutions. Then, relationships can be positive and beneficial to both parties.(70)________________Keys:67-70 DAFBSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Rhythm of LifeChoosing the right time to sleep, the correct moment to make decisions, the best hour toeat-and even go into hospital—could be your key to perfect health.Centuries after man discovered the rhythms of the planets and the cycles of crops, scientists have learned that we too live by precise rhythms that govern everything from our basic bodily functions to mental skills. Man is a prisoner of time.But it's not just the experts who are switching on to the way our bodies work. 67 Prince Charles consults a chart which tells him when he will be at his peak on a physical, emotional and intellectual level. Boxer Frank Bruno is another who charts his bio-rhythms to plan for big fights.68 Sleep, blood pressure, hormone levels and heartbeat all follow their own clocks, which may bear only slight relation to our man-made 24-hour cycle.Research shows that in laboratory experiments when social signals and, most importantly, light indicators such as dawn are taken away, people lose touch with the 24-hour clock and sleeping patterns change. Temperature and heartbeat cycles lengthen and settle into "days" lasting about 25 hours.In the real world, light and dark keep adjusting internal clock to the 24-hour day. But the best indicator of performance is body temperature. As it falls from a 10 p.m. high of 37.2℃to a pre-dawn low of 36.1℃, mental functions fall too. 69 .The most famous example is the nuclear accident at Three Mile Island in the US. The three operators in the control room worked alternating weeks of day, evening and night shifts.70 . Investigators believe this caused the workers to overlook a warming light and fail to close an open valve.Finding the secret of what makes us tick has long fascinated scientists and work done over the last decade has yielded important clues. The aim is to help us become more efficient. For example, the time we eat may be important if we want to maximize intellectual or sporting performance. There is already evidence suggesting that the time when medicine is given to patients affects how well it works.Keys:67-70 EBDFSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.You won't have any excuse to skip class anymore. French startup Open Classrooms is offering the first state-recognized bachelor degree in France that uses only MOOCs(massive open online courses). The startup partnered with IESA Multimedia to create this program.There are three learning paths in engineering, design and marketing Students will have to complete all the courses and required projects in order to get their degree. 67 IESA is already working on 40 different MOOCS for this program.On average, it will take a year of hard work in order to complete all the classes. As always, it's hard to keep going when you sign up for a MOOC. 68 .This kind of degree has many key advantages. For IESA, it gives the school more students. IESA is a private school, and its end goal is to make as much money as possible. So with these new Mooc students, IESA will be able to get more money per teacher on average.69 The startup already offers a course for e20 per month, but you need to pay E300 per month for the Premium Plus offering to use the state-recognized program. it's unclear how much Open Classrooms will keep, but it should be more than €20 per month.For students, it's a cheaper way to get a degree. Maybe you can't afford to study for three years at IESA and pay €6,950 per year.70 Sure, it's probably a less enjoyable experience than going to your school and spending time with other students and teachers, but it makes sense for some students.It's an interesting new direction for Open Classrooms, and I can't wait to see whether other schools will start working with the startup to provide online courses. It will be interesting to seewhether the first students are satisfied with this kind of degree as well.KEYS:67-70 CDAFSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Most people don’t need science to appreciate the importance of a mother’s love. But to understand how early maltreatment can derail a child’s development requires careful study.In a famous research, Harry Harlow had demonstrated that proper psychological and physical development of infants requires nurturing and attention from a parent. 67 In that research, socially isolated monkey babies that were removed from their mothers were found to prefer clinging to a cloth-covered surrogate(替代的) mother for comfort.Such experimentation sounds cruel, They, however, have been critical in helping change policies in human orphanages(孤儿院) in the U.S. For centuries some orphanages treated infants equally inhumanely. Despite early evidence that orphanage infants were far more likely to die than others, supporters argued that it didn’t matter whether children had “parents” specially devoted to them at the orphanage, 68 Orphans were supposed to be in positive mental and physical health until adoptive parents were found. Babies, they said, couldn’t remember anyway.The harrowing consequences of these theories were most vividly brought to light in Romania in the 1980s and ’90s. A ban on abortion led to a surge in orphanage babies, simply being fed andchanged without individualized affection, some babies present serious problems. Many developed violent behaviors, repetitively rocking or banging their heads. Some were cold and withdrawn or indiscriminately affectionate. 69 Their head sizes were especially small. they even had problems with attention and comprehension. The longer these children were left alone, the more damage was seen.The lack of a secure attachment relationship in the early years has detrimental consequences for both physical and mental health later in life, with long-lasting effects that vary by sex. The persistence of these effects emphasizes the need to intervene early in life. the Nobel-prize-winning economist James Heckman, has long argued that investing in early childhood education provides a greater return for society than virtually any other type of spending, It is obviously reflected in increased educational success and productivity. They reduced crime, addiction, distress and disorder point to the same theory. Early life conditions critically affect adult health. 70 . Remove it and the harm is great.Keys:67-70 EBFDSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Feel Young at Heart and You’ll Enjoy a Longer LifeAge-liars and birthday-deniers, yo u’d best learn a thing or two from those who are young at heart. People who feel younger than their actual age may live longer than those who feel older than they truly are, a new study says._ _ 67 Results from the study, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, suggest that people who feel a year or more older than they truly are could have around 41 percent greater risk for death.Researchers looked at nearly 6,500 older adults, with an average age of 65.8 for they study. Around 70 percent of them felt younger than they were, about a quarter felt their precise age and just under 5 percent felt a year or more older they were, when asked “How old do you feel you are?”Those who felt older than they were had a higher death rate after a follow-up period of 99 months. While just 14.3 and 18.5 percent of people who felt younger or felt their age, respectively, died during those 99 months, 24.6 percent of those who felt aged beyond their years had died.The authors say more research is needed on the topic, but suggest it could be that those who feel “young at heart” have healthier behaviors and a stronger will to live. “ 68 Individuals who feel older could be targeted with health message promoting positive health behaviors and attitud es toward aging,” the authors write in the study.The good news is that you can change your feeling of how young you are. 69 One recent study found that helping participants have positive feelings toward age, by showing them positive word associations, helped older adults improve in physical tasks like balancing and getting up out of a chair, in as little as four weeks. Another study found that negative feeling of aging and poor memory can make older adults feel up to five years older, regardless of their actual mental abilities.There you have it. 70 .Keys:67-70 BDEASection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Blind imitation is self-destruction. To those who do not recognize their unique worth, imitation appears attractive; to those who know their strength, imitation is unacceptable.In the early stages of skill or character development imitation is helpful. When I first learned to cook. I used recipes and turned out some tasty dishes. But soon I grew bored. ____67______ Imitating role models is like using training wheels on a child’s bicycle; they help you get going, but once you find your own balance, you fly faster and farther without relying on them.___68_____If, as a child, you observed people whose lives were bad, you may have accepted their fear and pain as normal and gone on to follow what they did. If you do not make strong choices for yourself, you will get the results of the weak choices of others.In the field of entertainment, our culture glorifies celebrities. Those stars look great on screen. But when they step off screen, their personal lives may be disastrous. _____69_____.Blessed is the person willing to at on their sudden desire to create something unique. Think of the movies, books, teachers, and friends that have affected you most deeply. They touched you because their creations were motivated by inspiration, not desperation. The world is changed not by those who do what has been done before them, but by those who do what has been done inside them.____70_____The problem a creator faces is not running out of material; it is what to do with the material knocking at the door of imagination.Study your role models, accept the gifts they have given, and leave behind what does not serve you. Then you can say, “I stand on the shoulders of my ancestors’ tragedies and declare victory, and know that they are cheering me on.”Keys:66-70 DAFBSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.No one enjoys the moment. You are stuck at the back of a queue and as those in other lines move ahead and get served, the time to decide arrives. ____67____.This question has now been solved by researchers at Harvard Business School. According to what they have found in a new study, they suggest people think twice before switching queues.The research was led by Ryan Buell, an expert in service management. He looked into consumer queuing behavior after working with economists on what is known as “last-place aversion,” the discomfort people feel when they know they earn less than others or consider themselves at the bottom of the social pile for some other reason. As a result of this aversion to being the last, when a person finds himself at the end of a queue, he can make decisions that he will later regret.Buell began by observing people at a multi-checkout grocery store and then set up an onlinesurvey. People who took part in the survey were told it would take about five minutes. In reality, it took only one minute, but when participants logged in for the survey, they were forced to wait in a virtual queue displayed on the screen. They started at the back and could wait, switch to a second queue or choose to leave.____68____ On average, however, those who switched waited 10 percent longer than if they had stayed put. Those who switched twice ended up waiting 67 percent longer than if they had never moved.“When we join a queue, we tend to make the most rational choice we can, which means joining the shortest queue. ____69____ Unfortunately, we can often get it wrong,” said Buell.____70____ After that, the aversion fades. The researcher suggests people have a chat with the person in front so that they can pass the time more comfortably until someone else joins behind them. “Remember that the person in front of you was the last until you arrived, so someone will show up if you hang around long enough,” Buell said.Keys:67--70: CBAESection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The Minoans: A Forgotten PeopleThe first advanced culture in ancient Greece was the Minoan culture. For thousands of years, knowledge of these people survived only in Greek myths. In the late 19th century, archaeologists began to unearth ruins. This inspired Arthur Evans to begin digging on the island of Crete near mainland Greece. On a dig in Kbossos, Evans found an ancient palace. Experts think that it was the palace of King Minos, a central figure in many Greek myths.____67____ With his team, he uncovered a vast structure, varied works of art, and many hieroglyphic records, These finds, together with later finds, comprise all that experts know about Minoan culture.From the evidence experts gathered, it is clear that the Minoans were ahead of their time. The palace at Knossos was five floors high with hundreds of rooms. Buildings throughout the ancient city had plumbing and flush toilets. Stone pavement lined the surfaces of the roads. In addition, the Minoans possessed a highly developed naval fleet for long-distance trade. ____68_____ These records confirm the central role of commerce in culture.Expert analysis of the evidence also offers insight into some aspects of Minoan society. ____69____ Ruins and artwork suggest that people of all classes enjoyed a high degree of social and gender equality. Religious icons show that Minoans worshiped bulls, the natural world, and many female gods.An unusual feature of Minoans culture was the pursuit of leisure interests. Sport and visual arts were central to Minoan life. Boxing and bull jumping, a sport in which players jumped over live bulls, were popular. Although bull jumping may have served some ritual purpose, experts believe that it was done mostly for fun. Similarly, although some works of art showed politicaland religious themes, other works served only as pleasant décor(装饰品). ____70_____.The Minoans met their demise after a series of natural disasters. Experts believe that group from the Greek mainland capitalized on these events and looked over the island.Keys:67-70 DFBASection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A new report by the World Bank shows that the effects of climate change could force 140 million people to move within their countries by 2050.The report looked at three developing regions of the world-sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia and Latin America. 67 .Climate migrants are people who are forced to move within their country because of water scarcity, crop failure, rising sea levels and storm surges due to climate change.68 It is important to help people make good decisions about whether to stay where they are or move to new locations where they are less vulnerable.The report noted that the effects of climate change will often force people to move from ruralareas suffering from droughts or crop failures to cities where there are different opportunities. ___ 69_ ___ “Without the right planning and support, people migrating from rural areas into cities could be facing new and even more dangerous risks,” said Kanta Jumari Rigaud, the report’s team lead. “_______70 ” Rigaud added.The report recommends key actions to help prevent wide-scale climate migration: cutting global greenhouse gas emissions; improving development planning at the local level for climate migration; and investing in data to better understand climate migration trends in each country. The report notes that any rise in climate migration will be in addition to millions of other migrants within countries, moving for economic, social, political or other reasons.Keys:67-70 FBDASection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Make traditiona measures come aliveThe Palace Museum Director Shan Jixiang delivered a cultural heritage speech on Feb 27 in。

虹口区2018学年度第二学期期中教学质量监控测试高三英语试卷考生注意:1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。

2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答題必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3. 答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上，在答題纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A. At an airport.B. On a plane.C. On a bus.D. In a department store.【答案】B【解析】【分析】M: Excuse me, but I’m not feeling quite well. I think I’m going to throw up.W: There is an airsickness bag in front of you, sir.Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。

III. Reading ComprehensionSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.If you shower before bed, you’ve probably wondered whether sleeping with damp hair is a problem. Maybe you’ve heard it could make you sick, or that it can damage your hair or skin.What’s the truth? Let’s address the “it can make you sick” myth first. “___67___” says Dr. William Schaffner, a professor of medicine. While this idea persists, Schaffner says it was long ago disproved. It’s true that you’re much more likely to catch a common cold during the winter month s. But this has to do with the ways respiratory (呼吸的) viruses spread, he says.___68___ Illness-causing bacteria and viruses don’t appear naturally, and so you’re not going to make yourself ill by getting your pillow a little damp at night, Schaffner says. But there is a possible exception. Some research has shown that pillows—especially those made with synthetic materials—can contain asthma- or allergy-triggering molds(哮喘或致敏菌) and fungus, which tend to do well in damp environments, and so do dust mites, says Dr. Payel Gupta, a spokesperson for the American Lung Association.Gupta says there’s no evidence that people who sleep with wet hair experience more allergy or asthma symptoms. ___69___ But if you wake up with a stuffy nose, itchy or watery eyes, breathing problems or other allergy or asthma symptoms—or even if you don’t—you should wash your pillow cases and sheets in hot water at least once a week to reduce your exposure to any potential irritants (刺激物).When it comes to the health of your hair and skin, there may be a few other reasons to worry about wet hair. “Generally, it’s thought not to be good for hair to sleep with it wet,” says Dr. George Cotsarelis, a professor of dermatology (皮肤病学), “___70___”It’s also worth noting that almost anything you do to your hair—from brushing and blow-drying it to coloring it or exposing it to the sun—can damage it.Keys: 67-70 FEACIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.shiny residential towers and waterfront parks has become a widely-shared conception of what green cities should look like. ___67___Gentrification(住宅高档化) has become a catch-all term used to describe neighborhood change, and is often misunderstood as the only path to neighborhood improvement. In fact, its defining feature is displacement. Typically, people who move into these changing neighborhoods are wealthier and more educated than residents who are displaced.A recent flood of new research has focused on the displacement effects of environmental cleanup and green space initiatives. ___68___Land for new development and resources to fund extensive cleanup of poisonous sites are scarce in many cities. ___69___ And in neighborhoods where gentrification has already begun, a new park or farmers market can worsen the problem by making the area even more attractive to potential high-income people and pricing out long-term residents. In some cases, developers even create temporary community gardens or farmers markets or promise more green space than they eventually deliver, in order to market a neighborhood to buyers looking for green pleasantness.___70___ It makes deindustrialization seem both inevitable and desirable, often by quite literally replacing industry with more natural-looking landscapes. When these neighborhoods are finally cleaned up, after years of activism by longtime residents, those advocates often are unable to stay and enjoy the benefits of their efforts.Keys: 67-70 EBDFIII. Reading ComprehensionSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Meal kits（餐具）cut food waste but packaging is a problem Home delivery meal kits can slash（大幅消减）food waste by more than two-thirds, but suppliers need to switch to reusable packaging to make them environmentally friendly.___67____ That means leftovers are minimized. But while the delivery services score well on reducing food waste, buying the same ingredients from the supermarket almost always saves energy overall simply because meal kits use so much single-use packaging. The good news is that if you have meals t hat are tailored for consumption, people won’t over-buy and you have less food waste. You fine-tune the portions to what people will actually eat.Beyond the cost of the waste itself, thrown-away food generates methane（甲烷）that contributes to climate change. ___68____ A 2018 report from the Boston Consulting Group found that the waste was set to soar by a third by 2030 when global food waste was estimated to reach 2.1 bn tonnes.Meal kits can reduce transport emissions if they mean people take fewer trips to the supermarket. If people only went to buy goods that are unlikely to decay such as soap and toilet paper, they might only have to visit the supermarket once every couple of months. That delivery truck can carry meals for you and dozens of neighbors. ____69___The study found that even if delivered meal kits reduced food waste to zero, they would still use up more energy overall than buying the same food from the supermarket unless the energy used for the meal kit packaging was cut by a fifth. ___70___ All the environmental benefits are lost. But if the packaging can be reused, you can get some benefits.Keys: 67-70 EFCBIII. Reading ComprehensionSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Spacewalk!Most people don’t know that the anniversary of an important event in space exploration occurred last month. On March 18, 1965, spaceman Aleksi Leonov became the first human to complete an Extra Vehicular Activity (EVA) or spacewalk. It marked the first time that a human was able to leave a spacecraft and operate in the emptiness of space. It is a dangerous procedure, but one that is vital for the success of manned space missions.___67___ In space, a spacesuit must protect people from extreme cold and heat, provide air to breathe, and remove extra carbon dioxide. ___68___ Too much of it, and the spacesuit becomes firm and difficult to move in. Too little of it, and astronauts can become dangerously sick after returning to their spacecraft.Astronauts now perform complex jobs in the emptiness of space in modern spacesuits. They have logged many hours repairing and upgrading equipment on satellites during EVAs. ___69___ On July 20th, 1969, American astronaut Neil Armstrong set foot on the moon for the first time. There is no atmosphere on the moon, but there is gravity—about 17 percent of Earth’s, which means Neil needed a special suit for walking on the moon’s surface. Suits for the moon are equipped for exploration far from any vehicles, including tough boots that can resist cuts from the rough surface while walking. But sharp rocks weren’t the only danger to astronauts.The moon surface is covered with a fine and flour-like dust which consists of small particles (颗粒)left over from the numerous meteorite(陨石) strikes on the moon. ___70___ When astronauts would leave the moon’s gravity, the dust on their suits began floating all over. It got into delicate eq uipment inside the spacecraft and the astronaut’s eyes and lungs. As different space agencies plan for returning people to the moon, new EVA suit designs will have to take something else into account. Keeping astronauts safe also means keeping their suits clean.Keys: 67-70 FCABIII. Reading ComprehensionSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Many people know that trash is a big problem on planet Earth. What many people don’t know is that trash has become a problem in outer space too. ___67___Statistically, there are more than 22,000 pieces of junk in space around the earth. And these are just the items that we can see from the surface of the earth by telescopes or radars. ___68___ Objects, like bits of old space rockets or satellites, move around the planet at very high speeds, so fast that even a very small piece can break important satellites or become dangerous to people, particularly astronauts. If the tiniest piece of junk crashed into a spacecraft, it could damage the vehicle. That’s beca use the faster an object moves, the greater the impact if the object collides with something else.To help minimize additional space junk, countries around the world have agreed to limit the time their space tools stay in orbit to 25 years. Each tool must be built to fall safely into the earth’s atmosphere, or the mass of gases that surround the earth, after that. ___69___Many scientists are also proposing different ways to clean up space junk. The Germans have been planning a space mission with robots that would collect pieces of space trash and bring them back to Earth so that they can be safely destroyed."In our opinion the problem is very challenging, and it's quite urgent as well," said MarcoCastronuovo, an Italian Space Agency researcher who is working to solve the problem. ___70___ Many of these objects are tools that help people use their cell phones or computers."The time to act is now; as we go farther in time we will need to remove more and more fragments," he says.Keys: 67-70 FBDAIII. Reading ComprehensionSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.College graduation eventually means taking much of your attention in your first job search. This process can be challenging, especially for those students who had thought very carefully about their chosen major and their potential career path—or those who majored in a field not directly connected to a specific career he eventually got. If you are in one of these groups, fear not! 67Some majors are tied directly to specific career fields. For example, if you wish to become a teacher, you will likely have needed to complete an education program and eventually sit for alicensing exam. The same applies to majors in nursing. If you did not complete an acceptable nursing program, you won’t be able to take the nursing licensing exam. 68 Other majors, however, are closely related to career paths but don’t necessarily require a degree in the area. For example, students who majored in finance, math, or statistics may also have the necessary skills to be hired as an accountant.Hopefully, as a college student, you were able to do more than just attend classes and read your course books. Your non-academic experiences can be very influential on your future career as well. Did you work during college, volunteer, or participate in a club or organization? ___69___ If you volunteered with a non-profit organization such as a homeless or domestic violence shelter, seek out positions in social services related to case management or victim advocacy. You may qualify for a position regardless of your major.Although it often seems like your college major alone determines your career fate, this just isn’t the case. 70 If you don’t know w hat career options to consider based on your major, talk to your faculty or academic advisor. You may be surprised at what opportunities await!Keys: 67-70 FBADIII. Reading ComprehensionSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Venice CarnivalThe annual Venice Carnival is in full swing, with thousands of revelers (狂欢者) gathering the city's canals and squares in elaborate costumes and extraordinary masks. (67) ______ The Carnevale di Venezia is thought to date back to the 11th century, making it one of the world’s oldest. Carnivals are held in many Catholic countries, such as Spain and Brazil, where they serve as a last chance to eat, drink and be merry before the deprivations of Lent, the 40 days of fasting（斋戒）that precede Easter.It is thought that the masks allowed Venetians to hide their identities, allowing the poor to mix with the wealthy, breaking strict social order, even if only for a brief and controlled period.(68) ______ The theme of Carnival 2019 is “Tutta colpa della Luna,”or “Blame the moon,”marking a half-century since man first walked on the satellite.To prevent overcrowding, authorities have installed turnstiles at the entrances to the historic St. Marks’Square, closing it off to new visitors once 23,000 revelers have entered. Costumed revelers are also searched as they enter the square.Venice is situated across a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400 bridges. The islands are located in the shallow Venetian Lagoon, an enclosed bay that lies between the mouths of the Po and the Piave Rivers. (69)______ The lagoon and a part of the city are listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.Although most visitors stick to the traditional Carnival costumes of baroque gowns and bejeweled masks for women and black capes and threatening masks for men, more and more people are opting for their own unique interpretations.Some visitors use Carnival as an opportunity to show off a fantastic creation they've always dreamed of wearing. It doesn't have to be Venetian. (70) ______ At Carnival, everybody is free to be who--or what--they want to be. Perhaps a different gender-- or even species. That's the joy of the mask--nobody knows who or what the person wearing it was before Carnival.Keys: 67-70 BACEIII. Reading ComprehensionSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Recently, in the quest for a selfie(自拍), a woman climbed over the concrete barrier of a Jaguar(美洲虎) enclosure at Wildlife World Zoo, Arizona. The jaguar ripped into her arm. Bystanders pulled her away before the animal could injure her further. She's fine-so is the jaguar.This isn’t the first time a story of a person acting rudely to get close to a wild animal made headlines. Last year. a man jumped into a lion enclosure at a zoo for a close-up photo. ___67___ Multiple tourists in Yellowstone National Park have been attacked by bison(野牛) when they’ve gotten too close for a photo.It's common sense not to get close to wild animals that can hurt you. It's why zoos have barriers -sometimes multiple walls-to keep people separated from animals. Signs posted everywhere state the obvious warning. Keep your hands off the cage."Yet animals have become less real to us, " says an environmentalist. We see exotic animals most frequently in managed settings like zoos. ___68___ People are trying to take advantage of their rarity to show off on social media and ignore their fierceness.Media often normalize interaction with dangerous animals. Seeing a man like "Lion Whisperer" Kevin Richardson regularly play-fight with lions on TV, may send the message that these animals aren't so dangerous after all.Social media are also perfectly positioned to contribute to the rise of animal selfies. Gettinglikes and comments provide instant satisfaction. Your self-esteem actually gets a temporary boost. To hold onto that feeling, people may go to more and more extremes to showcase the most exciting versions of themselves. It may not be enough to get a photo of a beautiful, dangerous animal from outside a cage. ___69___People' s careless approach can put the animal's safety at risk as well. Zoo animals often must be killed to protect the person who’s entered their space. In fact, thrill-seekers actively endanger the lives of animals. ___70___ with the zoo environment, they take it for granted that animals are there for people, ignoring the fact that animals and humans are both equal existents in the nature.Keys: 67-70 EACFIII. Reading ComprehensionSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Screen Time: How Much Is Too Much?Many children spend a lot of time watching or playing with electronic media—from televisions to video games, computers and other devices. 67 Perhaps parents now should ease up on their concerns about screen time, at least for older boys and girls.Until last year, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) suggested that children and teenagers have no more than two hours of screen time a day. It also suggests that parents balance a child’s screen time with other activities.68 Christopher Ferguson, who teaches psychology at Stetson University in Florida, notes a lack of evidence supporting reports that too many hours spent playing video games or watching TV is truly harmful.Ferguson seems interested in one idea: the link between video games and violent or risky behavior. When he saw results from a recent British survey on screen time, he wanted to know more. The British study found a small negative effect—about a one percent increase—in aggression and depression among children who had six or more hours of screen time a day. ___69___ So, Ferguson and his team examined answers from a survey on risky behaviors. The study involved about 6,000 boys and girls in Florida, whose average age was 16.Data from this survey found that American children are also fairly resistant to the negative effects of electronic media. Among those who used screens up to six hours a day, the survey found: a 0.5 percent increase in criminal behavior; a 1.7 percent increase in signs of depression; and a 1.2 percent negative effect on school grades. 70 To further argue his point that screen time is not harmful, Ferguson adds that children should become familiar with screen technology. Electronic devices, he says, are a part of our everyday lives.Keys: 67-70 D BCEIII. Reading ComprehensionSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.We three children were very excited when we walked up the gangway （舷梯）of the British flagship China Star and saw officers, crew and staff rushing around. A Chinese housekeeper led the way and helped Uncle Jean and Aunt Reine with our luggage. Victor, Claudine and I lagged behind. The housekeeper was tall and thin and towered over everyone. ___67___ As we followed him down a narrow corridor towards our cabins, Victor whispered to me, “One thing about having no hair at all on your he ad, you always look neat!”Though I was still feeling nervous and tongue-tied because it had only been three days since Aunt Reine took me out of St. Joseph’s, I laughed out loud. That was the effect Victor had on people. ___68___ ”Boys to the right and girls to the left,” said Uncle Jean. Our two cabins were directly opposite each other. Inside, everything was neat, bare and clean. While Aunt Reine, Claudine and I were unpacking, there was a knock on the door.Victor stood there, wearing a bright-red and orange life-jacket. “Why are you wearing that?” Claudine protested. “Our ship hasn’t even sailed yet!” “In case the China Star starts going down. Then you’ll really be sorry you’re not wearing one yourself. Here! Let me show you something!”___69___ Our cabin was below deck. Outside we could see nothing but deep dark water.Claudine became alarmed, “Mama, how often does a ship sink?” she asked. Before Aunt Reine had time to reply, Victor quipped with a straight face, “Only once!” Aunt Reine and I could not help laughing in spite of ourselves. But then Victor did something my brothers would never have done. He took off his life-jacket, slipped it on his sister and showed her how to adjust the straps. ___70___ At night, our housekeeper brought in a tiny roll-out bed because there were three of us.Keys: 67-70 BCEDIII. Reading ComprehensionSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The North StarAmong the pile of stars in the universe, there are a couple that are of great importance to people on Earth. The sun, of course, is one of them. The other is known as Polaris, the North Star. ___67___. Therefore, it is a great compass（指南针）.When people in the northern part of Earth look toward Polaris, they can be certain that they are facing north. The permanence of Polaris in the north sky has helped countless people find their destinations.Before the invention of modern navigation tools, sailors relied on Polaris. From the top of their ships, sailors would look for Polaris to figure out their place at sea. They figured out the angle between the star and the horizon to determine their latitude（纬度）. As long as the equations were not wrong, the results were very reliable. Polaris also let sailors determine North, South, East, and West. ___68___To those who sail at night, changeable storms and dark clouds were more than annoying things. ___69___.It’s possible for a captain to make an accidentalwrong turn. The ship could become stranded at sea, and the frustrated captain would have no way to get the ship back on the right course. The sailor’s fears wouldn’t be relieved until the clouds cleared and Polaris came back into view. Even today, sailors sometimes choose to steer by using Polaris on clear nights.___70___. The Big Dipper, a constellation that is well known in astrology, appears to revolve around Polaris. The handle of the Big Dipper always points to the North Star. When people get lost, it’s comforting to know that their problems can be relieved by looking at the sky.Keys 67-70 FCDAIII. Reading ComprehensionSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Losing Touch with Nature May Make You SickFor something that’s not actually a recognized medical condition, Nature-Deficit Disorder (NDD) has gotten a lot of attention since it was first coined in 2005. Writer Richard Louv came up with the term in his book, Last Child in the Woods: Saving Our Children from Nature-Deficit Disorder. ___67___Louv explained that children who play outside often are less likely to become ill, stressed, or aggressive compared to those who watch a lot of television and spend most of their free time indoors. Indeed, studies appear to back up that claim by noting that children who spend a significant amount of time outdoors tend to have better mental and physical health. ___68____ Nevertheless, they may be worsened by staying inside watching TV, playing video games, or being glued to a smartphone. What’s more, research also suggests that getting a nature fix can help boost the immune system.According to Louv, the effects of NDD can be lessened or even reversed by making sure parents encourage their kids to enjoy playing outdoors as much as they can. ___69___ Rather, they should lead by example, spending time with them in the park, at the beach, camping, anddoing other activities, Louv said. He added that children learn many important and practical skills while interacting with nature, like risk-taking, independence, and decision-making. ___70___Keys: 67-70 DFABIII. Reading ComprehensionSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A problem shared can be a problem doubledPeople discuss their problems with friends in the hope that they’ll gain some idea on how to solve them. And even if they don’t find a way to solve their problems, it feels good to let off some steam. Indeed, having close friends to trust is a good relief against poor mental health. ___67___ The term psychologist’s use for negative problem sharing is “co-rumination”. Co-rumination is the mutual encouragement to discuss problems too much, repeatedly going over the same problems, expecting future problems and focusing on negative feelings. It is more about keeping talking about problems than solving them. __68__ In a study involving children aged seven to 15 years of age, researchers found that co-rumination in both boys and girls is associated with“high-quality” and close friendships. However, in girls, it was also associated with anxiety and depression (the same association was not found with the boys).If we look at the theory behind why individuals ruminate, it may shed some light on why friends co-ruminate. ___69___ So if two people believe rumination is beneficial, then working together to co-ruminate to find answers may seem like a useful thing to do, as two heads may appear better than one. But focusing on problems and negative emotion together can increase negative beliefs and moods — and result in a greater need to co-ruminate.Traditionally, therapy has not prioritised handling rumination or co-rumination directly as maintaining factors in psychological problems. Instead, approaches such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) have aimed to challenge only the content of rumination. Humanistic approaches such as counselling have provided conditions to potentially ruminate on the content of problems. And psychodynamic (心理动力的) approaches such as psychoanalysis have aimed to analyze the content of rumination.___70___ But if this occurs in therapy, a strong therapeutic relationship may well be a positive outcome of co-rumination —regardless of whether the client’s symptoms improve or not.And, on the social side, discussing problems with friends doesn’t always have to lead to worsening mental health, as long as the discussion involves finding solutions and the person with the problem acts on those solutions. Then, relationships can be positive and beneficial to both parties, and a problem shared can really be a problem halved.Keys: 67-70 DFACIII. Reading ComprehensionSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Decades of research has demonstrated how junior employees benefit from being mentored (指导). Guidance from senior colleagues has also been shown to enhance mentees’ job performance and satisfaction. _____67_____We were especially interested in understanding how mentoring might help mentors who work in stressful occupations. Mental health is a growing concern within occupations that play important social roles, such as medical professionals, firefighters, and police officers. And because policing is one of the most stressful occupations, with high levels of mental health and well-being difficulties, we conducted a study of a formal mentoring program in an English police force._____68_____ It was designed to support the development of junior officers by giving them a way to discuss concerns and receive guidance. Our study involved two parts. First, we conducted a field experiment: we compared the mental health of 17 mentor-mentee pairs to a control group of 18 pairs of senior and junior officers that did not participate in the program. Second, we interviewed both the mentees and their mentors separately.Our experiment results showed that people who served as mentors experienced lower levels of anxiety, and described their job as more meaningful, than those who did not mentor. We learned from our interviews that mentoring afforded senior officers, as well as junior officers, a chance to discuss and reflect on concerns. _____69_____By acknowledging that these anxieties were common, both mentees and mentors grew more comfortable in discussing them and in sharing different coping mechanisms.Why does mentoring have this impact on mentors? _____70_____ Despite the pressures that comes with their roles —including abuse, difficult decision making, and the risk of death —police officers tend not to seek support from other officers, including more senior colleagues. This is to avoid negative stigma, a shameful reputation, associated with mental health disorders. Mentoring thereby offered a way to build trust within a relationship that laid a foundation for open。

崇明区2019届第二次高考模拟考试试卷英语（考试时间120分钟，满分140分。

请将答案填写在答题纸上）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. A pilot. B. An airhost. C. A passenger. D. A taxi driver.2. A. In a bank. B. In a hotel. C. In a clinic. D. In a university.3. A. Order for the man. B. Recalculate the bill.C. Refuse to pay the bill.D. Give the man a discount.4. A. He forgot about the football game. B. He can’t endure the loud noise from the game.C. He thought the game was disappointing.D. He doesn’t think football games make any sense.5. A. She’d like the man to touch the report for her.B. She’s already finished her report on the movie.C. She’ll be unable to see the movie with the man.D. She prefers a different type of movie to a comedy.6. A. He’s got an extra train schedule. B. He’s going to Philadelphia by train.C. He’s already missed his train.D. He’s familiar with the train station.7. A. He’s satisfied with his job. B. He’s got trouble finding a job.C. He likes working in hot summer.D. He gets more pay than expected.8. A. The man and the woman did the research together.B. The woman did n’t work hard enough on her paper.C. The professor was content with the woman’s paper.D. The paper wasn’t as good as the woman had thought.9. A. She’ll consider the man’s invitation. B. She doesn’t want to join a gardening club.C. She doesn’t ha ve time to work in a garden.D. She’s never been formally invited into a club.10. A. He won’t vote for the woman.B. He may also run for class president.C. The woman shouldn’t have asked him for his vote.D. The woman should ask his roommate to vote for her.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Crows are particularly clever birds. B. Crows have been trained to work for a park.C. Crows are popular with theme parks.D. Crows have long been seen as symbols of evil.12. A. Collecting garbage. B. Giving gifts to visitors.C. Using various tools.D. Remembering visitors’ faces.13. A. To show visitors can be more careful to keep the park clean.B. To train more crows to clear up the park in a more rapid way.C. To communicate with crows and establish a relationship with them.D. To indicate humans can learn from nature to protect the environment.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. To save space. B. To reach for the sky. C. To attract tourists. D. To be seen miles away.15. A. They fail to inspire the culture. B. They threaten the city’s development.C. They have rather odd nicknames.D. They make old landmarks hard to see.16. A. Skyscrapers are usually ugly. B. The Shard is the world’s tallest building.C. London’s upward expansion is continuing.D. London’s replaced off ice blocks with high-rises.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. The expansion of the cafeteria. B. The cost of meals in the cafeteria.C. The food served in the cafeteria.D. The job opportunities in the cafeteria.18. A. Cooking food for the students. B. Serving food for the students.C. Improving meals’ nutritional value.D. Listening to complaints about service.19. A. To give nutrition lessons to students.B. To collect students’ opinions about meals.C. To find more students to work in the cafeteria.D. To ask students to try a new dish she has made.20. A. A little curious. B. Very amazed.C. Quite confused.D. A bit doubtful.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.New “Star Wars” Attractions Set to Open at Disney Theme Parks in 2019 The galaxy (银河系) that seems so far, far away just got a little closer.On Tuesday, Disney announced “Star Wars: Galaxy’s Edge”, a highly (21)(expect) themed land under construction, would open in summer 2019 at California’s Disneyland and in late fall 2019 at Florida’s Disney World.(22) the announcement was made, officials had only said the new land would open soon.No specific date (23) (announce) for the Disneyland opening. But if past summer openings are any indication, “Galaxy’s Edge” is expected to open in late June.The additions will be Disney’s (24)(big) “single-themed land expansion” ever, according to Disney CEO Bob Iger. Each will be an expansive 14 acres (英亩). A copy of the Millennium Falcon spaceship, (25) guests will be able to pilot, will be a key attraction.Galaxy’s Edge will immerse(使沉浸于) visitors in the Star Wars universe, (26) (transport) them to a never-before-seen Star Wars planet—a remote trading port largely ignored by warring people and one of the last stops before wild space. This planet is (27) Star Wars characters and their stories will come to life. It will feature two major attractions: (28) allowing guests to pilot the Millennium Falcon and the other dropping riders into the middle of a battle. The most advanced video techniques are expected to power each attraction.Even as Galaxy’s Edge (29)(approach), Disneyland is making changes, both large and small, in advance. Recent projects have shifted queues for “Dumbo the Flying Elephant” and “It’s a Small World”. These are the efforts to improve traffic flows near the attractions. Similar changes have been made in Adventureland (30) (ease) congestion points. Work has started on a new luxury resort in Downtown Disney. Officials have closed Rainforest Café, ESPN Zone and AMC Theaters to make room.Section BDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Titanic II Could Sail as Soon as 2022If you thought the long-delayed project to launch a full-size copy of the ill-fated Royal Mail Ship Titanic was sunk in the water—think again. Just like Celine Dion sang back in 1997, the travel project will “go on and on.”Australian businessman and politician Clive Palmer, who is behind the 31 , announced in September that work on the ship had started again. The idea was first floated in 2012. It is said that the new ship will be a(n) 32 copy of the infamous ship, which sank in 1912 following a crash with an iceberg (冰山).To avoid a(n) 33 disaster, Titanic II will apparently be equipped with plenty of life boats, modern navigation (导航) and radar equipment. The first voyage, however, will take passengers from Dubai to New York, reports CruiseArabia, with the first sailing 34 to take place in 2022. Blue Star Line says the nine-decked ship will be home to 835 cabins, and 2,435 passengers will be 35 . You’ll be able to buy first-, second- and third-class tickets—just like in the original.Meanwhile tourists with plenty of money might soon have the chance to dive to the 36 of the original Titanic. American company OceanGate has planned diving trips for 2019, costing $105,129 per person.Of course, the original Titanic voyage ended in 37 , with over 1,500 people losing their lives. For many, voyages to the original ship are in bad taste. Steve Sims, founder of The Bluefish, said earlier in 2018 that he doesn’t see diving to the original one as 38 .Realistically, it’s 39 whether Titanic II will ever see the light of day—or whether the diving tours will happen soon. But one thing is for certain, more than 100 years after the Titanic’s first and only voyage, global interest in this sh ip shows no 40 of slowing down.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Lying in a Foreign Language Is EasierMost people don’t find it more difficul t to lie in a foreign language than in their native tongue. However, things are different when telling the truth: This is clearly more difficult for many people in a foreign language than in their native one.This 41 conclusion is the result of a study conducted by two psychologists from the University of Würzburg: Kristina Suchotzki and Matthias Gamer. The two scientists presented their 42 in Journal of Experimental Psychology.Their findings could be important for a lot of processes in which the trustworthiness of certain people must be 43 . In such situations, reports by non-native speakers tend to be considered as less 44 even though they may betruthful. Their discovery also explains another 45 , namely that people communicating in a foreign language are generally considered as less trustworthy.There are two research 46 to predict differences between deception and truth telling in a native compared to a second language.Research from cognitive (认知的)load theory suggests that lying is more difficult in a foreign language. “Compared to truth telling, lying is a cognitively more 47 task,” Kristina Suchotzki explains. Adding a foreign language imposes an additional cognitive 48 which makes lying even more difficult.Lying is easier in a foreign language: This should be true according to the emotional distance hypothesis (假设). This assumption is based on the fact that lying is 49 more emotions than staying with the truth. Liars have higher stress levels and are more tense. Research shows that compared to speaking in a native language, communicating in a second language is less 50arousing. Accordingly, this 51 emotional arousal would promote lying.To settle this question, the Würzburg psychologists conducted a number of experiments in which up to 50 test persons had to complete specific tasks. They were asked to answer a number of questions—sometimes 52 and sometimes deceptively both in their native language and in a foreign language. Some questions were 53 ; other questions were clearly emotional.The results show that it usually takes longer to answer emotional questions. Answers in the foreign language also take longer. And generally, it takes longer to tell a lie than to tell the truth. However, the time differences between deceptive and truthful answers are less 54 in a second language than in the native language.The data suggest that the increased cognitive effort is responsible for the prolongation(延长) of the truth 55 in the foreign language. The reason why this prolongation almost does not exist in lying can be explained with the emotional distance hypothesis: The greater emotional distance in a foreign language thus “cancels out” the higher cognitive load when lying.41. A. similar B. unexpected C. disappointing D. inevitable42. A. insights B. principles C. expectations D. justifications43. A. classified B. substituted C. modified D. evaluated44. A. accurate B. believable C. sensitive D. informative45. A. reason B. difference C. origin D. phenomenon46. A. results B. methods C. theories D. questions47. A. inviting B. embarrassing C. rewarding D. demanding48. A. challenge B. perspective C. strategy D. context49. A. aimed at B. prepared for C. associated with D. applied to50. A. emotionally B. alternatively C. fundamentally D. suspiciously51. A. advanced B. reduced C. adapted D. altered52. A. directly B. confidently C. truthfully D. initially53. A. tough B. concrete C. irrelevant D. neutral54. A. appealing B. obvious C. important D. reasonable55. A. claim B. element C. commission D. responseSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）In a career that lasted more than half a century, Tom Wolfe wrote fiction and nonfiction best-sellers including The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test and The Bonfire of the Vanities. Along the way, he created a new type of journalism and coined phrases that became part of the American vocabulary.Wolfe began working as a newspaper reporter, first for The Washington Post, then the New York Herald Tribune. He developed a literary style in nonfiction that became known as the “New Journalism.” “I’ve always agreed on a theoretical level that the techniques for fiction and nonfiction are interchangeable,” he said. “The things that work in nonfiction would work in fiction, and vice versa.”“When Tom Wolfe’s voice broke into the world of nonfiction, it was a time when a lot of writers, and a lot of artists in general, were turning inwards,” says Lev Grossman, book critic for Time magazine. “Wolfe didn’t do that. Wolfeturned outwards. He was a guy who was interested in other people.” Wolfe was interested in how they thought, how they did things and how the things they did affected the world around them.In 1979, Wolfe published The Right Stuff, an account of the military test pilots who became America’s first astronauts. Four years later, the book was adapted as a feature film. “The Right Stuff was th e book for me,” says Grossman. “It reminded me, in case I’d forgotten, that the world is an incredible place.”In The Right Stuff, Wolfe popularized the phrase “pushing the envelope.” In a New York magazine article, Wolfe described the 1970s as “The ‘Me’ Decade.” Grossman says these phrases became part of the American idiom because they were accurate.“He was an enormously forceful observer, and he was not afraid of making strong claims about what was happening in reality,” Grossman says. “He did it well and people heard him. And they repeated what he said because he was right.” All those words started a revolution in nonfiction that is still going on.56. The “New Journalism” is a style of journalism that .A. changes its news writing techniques frequentlyB. popularizes new American idioms in a literary wayC. combines novelistic techniques with traditional reportingD. reports various news events from a theoretical perspective57. It can be learned from the passage that The Right Stuff.A. is a film directed by Lev GrossmanB. is an influential book by Tom WolfeC. accounts for popular American phrasesD. deals with incredible places in the world58. According to the passage, Tom Wolfe .A. was good at reporting news from a realistic perspectiveB. preferred making claims about events to writing booksC. was fond of commenting on other people’s thoughtsD. liked analyzing social problems from the outside59. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. Tom Wolfe: A Professional Phrase CoinerB. Tom Wolfe: A Forceful Observer and NovelistC. Tom Wolfe: A Theoretical Creator in LiteratureD. Tom Wolfe: An Innovative Journalist and WriterImportant facts about ELIQUIS® (apixaban)This is a summary of important information that you need to know about ELIQUIS. Keep this document in a safe place, so you can refer to it before and during your treatment.Look out for the followingsigns as you read:Do not stop taking ELIQUIS without talking to the doctor who prescribed (开处方) it to you.Talk to your healthcare team before any medical procedures. ELIQUIS may need to be stopped beforesurgery, or a medical or dental procedure. Your doctor will tell you when you should stop taking ELIQUISand when you may start taking it again. If you have to stop taking ELIQUIS, your doctor may prescribeanother medicine to help prevent a blood clot from forming.What is the possible serious side effect of ELIQUIS?ELIQUIS can cause bleeding, which can be serious, and rarely may lead to death. This is because ELIQUIS isa blood thinner medicine that reduces blood clotting. While taking ELIQUIS, you may hurt more easily and itmay take longer than usual for any bleeding to stop.Call your doctor or get medical help right away if you have any symptoms of bleeding when taking ELIQUIS..A. drugstoresB. patientsC. pregnant womenD. healthcare teams61. It can be inferred from the facts that a blood clot forms .A. when allergic reaction appearsB. when bleeding grows abnormalC. when blood pressure dropsD. when blood becomes thicker62. What can be inferred about ELIQUIS from the facts?A. It can be harmful to babies.B. It can’t be taken with any other medicines.C. It shouldn’t be taken after a surgery.D. It may increase the risk of having dental problems.（C）The Earth is facing a climate crisis, but it’s also getting greener and leafier. According to new research, the rise is largely due to China and India.A study by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), based on extensive satellite photographs and published in the journal Nature Sustainability, has revealed that the two countries with the world’s biggest populations are also responsible for the largest increase in greenness.Since 2000, the planet’s green leaf area has increased by 5 percent, or over 2 million square miles. That’s an area equivalent to the sum total of the Amazon rainforests, NASA says. But researchers stressed that the new greenery does not neutralize deforestation and its negative impacts on ecosystems elsewhere.A third of the leaf increase is thanks to China and India, due to the implementation of major tree-planting projects alongside a vast increase in agriculture.Using the data from a NASA sensor, researchers discovered that China is the source of a quarter of the increase in green leaf area, despite possessing only 6.6 percent of the world’s vegetated area(植被区). Forests account for 42 percent of that increase, while croplands make up a further 32 percent. China’s increase in forest area is the result of forest preservation and expansion programs, NASA said, established to fight against the impacts of climate change, air pollution and soil erosion (水土流失). India has contributed a further 6.8 percent rise in green leaf area, with 82 percent from croplands and 4.4 percent from forests.Rama Nemani, a co-author of the study and a researcher at NASA’s Ames Resea rch Center, said in a statement, “When the greening of the Earth was first observed, we thought it was due to a warmer, wetter climate and fertilization from the added carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, leading to more leaf growth in northern forests, for i nstance.” “Now, with the data that lets us understand the phenomenon at really small scales, we see that humans are also contributing,” Nemani said. “This will help scientists make better predictions about the behavior of different Earth systems, which wil l help countries make better decisions about how and when to take action.”Thomas Pugh, a professor at the University of Birmingham’s School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, said the NASA report expands scientists’ understanding of the cause s behind global greening. But he also cautioned that a direct line cannot be drawn between an increase in global greening and a decrease in negative impacts of climate change.A. China and India have the wor ld’s largest green leaf areasB. China and India are the lead role players in global greeningC. our planet is experiencing a climate crisis despite human effortsD. our planet is getting greener due to the joint efforts of the world64. What can be learned about China and India?A. The area of croplands in India is larger than that in China.B. India’s rise in leaf area is largely due to its forestry program.C. They both show a greater increase in forests than in croplands.D. China boasts twenty-five percent of the global rise in leaf area.65. According to Rama Nemani, their new findings are .A. unexpected but significantB. surprising but valuelessC. predictable but disappointingD. uncontrollable but inspiring66. What can be inferred from the passage?A. There is an indirect link between global greening and climate change.B. The new greenery does not have any positive effect on the global climate.C. The gain in greenness does not make up for the damage from loss of leaf area.D. The increase in greening reduces the deforestation rate and its impact globally.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Screen Time: How Much Is Too Much?Many children spend a lot of time watching or playing with electronic media—from televisions to video games, computers and other devices. 67 Perhaps parents now should ease up on their concerns about screen time, at least for older boys and girls.Until last year, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) suggested that children and teenagers have no more than two hours of screen time a day. It also suggests that parents balance a child’s screen time with other activities.68 Christopher Ferguson, who teaches psychology at Stetson University in Florida, notes a lack of evidence supporting reports that too many hours spent playing video games or watching TV is truly harmful.Ferguson seems interested in one idea: the link between video games and violent or risky behavior. When he saw results from a recent British survey on screen time, he wanted to know more. The British study found a small negative effect—about a one percent increase—in aggression and depression among children who had six or more hours of screen time a day. 69 So, Ferguson and his team examined answers from a survey on risky behaviors. The study involved about 6,000 boys and girls in Florida, whose average age was 16.Data from this survey found that American children are also fairly resistant to the negative effects of electronicmedia. Among those who used screens up to six hours a day, the survey found: a 0.5 percent increase in criminal behavior; a 1.7 percent increase in signs of depression; and a 1.2 percent negative effect on school grades. 70 To further argue his point that screen time is not harmful, Ferguson adds that children should become familiar with screen technology. Electronic devices, he says, are a part of our everyday lives.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.71. Fujian Puppetry (木偶剧) in Need of Urgent SafeguardingAs one of the contributions of Chinese performing art to the world’s cultural heritage (遗产), Fujian puppetry has a long history. It has developed a set of characteristic techniques of performance and puppet making, as well as plays and music.No final conclusions have yet been reached on the origins and evolution of Chinese puppetry. Dating from Shang dynasty, pottery figurines (俑) used as burial objects have been discovered at the Yin Ruins. In a Western Han tomb at Mawangdui in Changsha, Hunan Province, a number of wooden figurines have been unearthed. These were a great improvement on those from previous dynasties in terms of craftsmanship, variety and modeling. Over time, figurines as burial objects evolved into puppets for entertainment on festive occasions.Chinese puppetry further developed during the Ming and Qing dynasties, with a bunch of schools spreading across the country. Puppet shows from various places had their own characteristics in terms of figure modeling.In the past few decades, many traditional forms of art have seen a decline in popularity. In particular, Fujian puppetry finds itself in hot water. The number of young people learning puppetry has decreased due to socioeconomic changes to their lifestyles. The long period of training required to master the complicated performing techniques has also been a factor in the fall.In response, concerned communities, groups and bearers laid down the 2008-2020 Strategy for the Training of Coming Generations of Fujian Puppetry Practitioners. The key objectives are to safeguard the promotion of Fujian Puppetry and to increase its sustainability through professional training to cultivate a new generation of puppetry practitioners; creation of teaching materials; construction of training institutes and exhibition halls; regional and international cooperation; and artistic exchange.In 2012, the strategy was added to the Register of Good Safeguarding Practices by the UNESCO. With great efforts made by practitioners, local people and education institutions, Fujian Puppetry can expect a brighter future.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 开展研究之前，你必须进行可行性分析。

Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The Tutorial System of Oxford UniversityIn the University of Oxford, teaching is conducted primarily through the tutorial system. It is one of the most unique and well-known methods of teaching across the world.The weekly tutorial consists of a one-hour meeting between the tutor and small numbers of students (usually two to four). During this time, an essay prepared specifically for that tutorial is read by students and commented upon by the tutor. At the end of the tutorial, the tutor will assign the topic of study for the coming week and suggest readings. 67 Meanwhile, they are also complemented by departmental lectures which are conducted on a university wide basis, lab work, and seminars (研讨会) often with groups of perhaps 10 students.Tutorials have gained their reputation because of the close relationship they maintain between the tutor and the student. The tutorial system provides undergraduates with direct and in most cases weekly contact with tutors in their academic fields.68 .Before the weekly tutorial, students are required to prepare an essay or other works, which they read or present to the tutor. During each tutorial, students are expected to communicate, debate, analyze and critique the ideas of others as well as their own in conversations with the professor and fellow-students. The tutorial system has great value that it creates learning andassessment opportunities which are highly authentic(可靠的) and difficult to fake, as the student’s work is discussed on the spot.69 The contrast between tutorials and large lectures common in the American universities is obvious. In the typical American university, students are taught by the same specialists, in the same manner, and held to the same standards.However, during tutorials, students have the opportunity to explore their own ideas directly with experts in particular subjects. 70 As a result, students must engage in extensive independent reading and research, using the resources available, under the guidance of the tutor.Keys:67-70: B FA CSection CDirections:Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Talking to yourself may seem a little shameful. If you’ve ever been overheard criticizing yourself for a foolish mistake or practicing a tricky speech ahead of time, you’ll have felt the social restriction against communicating with yourself in words. According to the well-known saying, talking to yourself is the first sign of madness.67 Talking to ourselves, whether out loud or silently in our heads, is a valuable tool for thought. Far from being a sign of foolishness, self-talk allows us to plan what we are going to do, manage our activities, regulate our emotions and even create a narrative of our experience.Take a trip to any preschool and watch a small child playing with her toys. You are very likely to hear her talking to herself: offering herself directions and giving voice to her frustrations. __ 68 We do a lot of it when we are young – perhaps one reason for our shyness about continuing with it as adults.As children, according to the Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky, we use private speech to regulate our actions in the same way that we use public speech to control the behavior of others. __ 69__ .Psychological experiments have shown that the distancing effect of our words can give us a valuable perspective on our actions. One recent study suggested that self-talk is most effective when we address ourselves in the second person: as “you” rather than “I”.We internalize the private speech we use as children – but we never entirely put away the out-loud version. 70 You’re sure to see an athlete or two getting themselves ready for a sharp phrase or scolding themselves after a bad shot.Both kinds of self-talk seem to bring a range of benefits to our thinking. Those words to the self, spoken silently or aloud, are so much more than lazy talk.Keys:67-70 AFCBSection CDirections: Read the following passage and choose the most suitable statement from A-F for each Blank. There are two extra statements, which you do not need.Charity—Humanity’s most kind and generous desire—is a timeless and borderless virtue,dating at least to the dawn of religious teaching. Philanthropy（慈善行为）as we understand ittoday, however, is a distinctly American phenomenon, inseparable from the nation that shaped it.From colonial leaders to modern billionaires like Buffett, Gates and Zuckerberg, the tradition ofgiving is woven into the national DNA.___67_____ Benjamin Franklin, an icon of individual industry and frugality（节俭）even inhis own day, understood that with the privilege of doing well came the price of doing good. Whenhe died in 1790, Franklin thought to future generations, leaving in trust two gifts of 1,000 Ib. ofsterling silver—one to the city of Boston, the other to Philadelphia. According to his instruction, aportion of the money could not be used for 200 years.While Franklin’s gifts lay in wait, the tradition he established evol ved alongside the youngnation. ___68_____ Often far less famed men and women have played a critical role inphilanthropy’s evolution. One of my personal heroes is Julius Rosenwald, who helped constructmore than 5,300 schools across the segregated（种族隔离）South and opened classroom doors toa generation of African-American students.____69____ The answer is not just to benefit others. Tax reduction, for one, encourages therich people to give. And philanthropy has long helped improve the public image of everyone fromimmoral capitalists to the new tech elite. More troubling, however, are the foundational problemsthat make philanthropy so necessary. Just before his death, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. wrote,“Philanthropy is praise-worthy, but it must not cause the philanthropist to overlook the circumstances of economic injustice which make philanthropy necessary.”Franklin’s gifts represent a broader principle. We are guardians of a public trust, even if our capital came from private enterprise, and our most important obligation is ensuring that the system works more equally and more justly for more people. ___70_____ America’s greatest strength is not the fact of perfection, but rather the act of perfecting.Keys:67-70 F E A BSection CDirections: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Exoplanets：The Hunt Is OnToday scientists believe that planets could outnumber the stars. For centuries, scientists and natural philosophers have proposed that stars in the night sky have planetary systems similar to our own solar system. The existence of extrasolar planets, or exoplanets, has long been discussed. ___67___ Although not the first exoplanet discovery, a planet near a sun-like star was discovered by astronomers in 1995. This kicked off an era of exoplanet hunting, with thousands of discoveries and confirmations following in its wake.___68___ However, in 2015 NASA’s Kepler space telescope found its first Earth-sized planet in a “habitable”zone. This is the distance form a star where surface temperatures of a planet wouldn’t be too hot or too cold for liquid water. So far, only a small slice of our galaxy, the Milky Way, has been explored. Even so, scientists have confirmed over 3,500 exoplanets, with more being added every day.To detect exoplanets, scientists use data from a variety of sources. Large ground-based telescopes, earth-circling and sun-circling satellites all collect different types of information. Because exoplanets are so far away and very close to stars, it is very difficult to see them directly. ___69___ For example, when an exoplanet moves between its star and us, it causes a small dropin the star’s brightness. Measuring this drop is the transit（凌日）method of discovery. NASA’S Kepler space telescope has discovered many exoplanets this way.As a planet circles a star, it pulls on it and causes it to shake. ___70___ Measuring these slight changes is the radial velocity（径向速度）method of discovering planets. It is one of the most productive methods for finding and confirming exoplanets.These are just two examples of the many methods scientists use in their hunt for exoplanets, hoping for more information and enhanced detail. As time progresses and technology improves, who knows what else we may find!Keys:67-70 EBACSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.My wife and I recently welcomed a child into the world. His only interest right now iskeeping us awake 24/7. But one day, he’ll n eed to learn something about finance. When he does,here are some suggestions.1. You might think you want an expensive car, a fancy watch, and a huge house. But you don’t.______67______ You think having expensive stuff will bring it. It almost never does—especiallyfrom the people you want to respect and admire you.2. The road to financial regret is paved with debt. Some debt, such as a mortgage, is OK. But mostspending that results in debt is the equivalent of a drug: a quick hit of pleasure that wears off, onlyto drag you down for years to come, limiting your options and keeping you weighed down by thebaggage of your past.3. I hope you’re poor at some point. Not struggling, and not unhappy, of course. But there’s noway to learn the value of money without feeling the power of its scarcity. It teaches you thedifference between necessary and desirable. _____68_____ These are essential survival skills. 4. If you’re like most people, you’ll spend most of your adult life thinking, “Once I’ve saved/earne d $X, everything will be great.” Then you’ll hit $X, move the goalposts, and resume chasing your tail. It’s a miserable cycle. Your goals should be about more than money.5. Don’t stay in a job you hate because you made a career choice at 18. Almost no one knowswhat he or she wants to do at that age. Many people don’t know what they want until they’re twicethat age. (These are the signs you’re in the wrong career.)6. The best thing money buys is to control over your time. _____69_______ One day you’ll realize that this freedom is one of the things that makes you truly happy.7. Change your mind when you need to. I’ve noticed a tendency for people to think they’ve mastered investing when they’re young. They start investing at age 18 and think they have it all figured out by age 19. They never do.8. Some people are born into families that encourage education; others are from families that are against it. Some are born into flourishing economies; others, into war and poverty. I want you to be successful, and I want you to earn it. But realize that not all success is due to hard work and not all poverty is due to laziness. Keep this in mind when judging people, including yourself.9. Your savings rate has a little to do with how much you earn and a lot to do with how much you spend. I know a dentist who lives paycheck to paycheck, always on the edge of ruin. I know another person who never earned more than $50,000 and saved a fortune. The difference is entirely due to their spending. ______70_______.10. Don’t listen to me if you disagree with what I’ve written. The world you grow up in will have different values and opportunities than the one I did. More important, you’ll learn best when you disagree with someone and then are forced to learn it yourself. (On the other hand, always listen to your mother.)Keys:67-70 FACDSection CDirections: Read the following passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The worst time to look for a job is when you feel desperate and must have a new one immediately. 67 If you are not in need of an immediate career change, here are ways you can improve your long-term career prospects today:Identify at least two different roles. You do not have to be qualified for these positions today, nor do they have to exist in your company. However, these roles should be related to your current skill set. They are career options that look interesting. 68 Pay close attention to what appeals to you, and write it down. This will give insight into your motivations and targets.Subscribe to a career specific magazine. Knowledge is power in the workplace. All businesses must stay relevant to their customers in order to win the competitions and increase revenue(收益). Reading about industry trends, advancements and success stories keeps you in touch with market conditions. This information allows you to see which companies and professionals are leading the pack. You can follow their examples in your own workplace.69Do exceptional work. In any role, there is a way to perform at your best. Look for ways to deliver a top performance. Show up early, be flexible to new assignments, have a positive attitude,cooperate with other departments, pay attention to the little details.Be professionally curious. Talk to people about their careers. Learn more about how success is measured in other roles, departments and companies. Ask people their thoughts on different industries. 70 People hire people. You never know what connections may be relevant when you start your next job search, so develop a habit of making good connections no matter where you go. Take the time to learn about others, and be helpful when you can.As in all things in life, getting in front of a difficult task early is always less stressful than reacting to a career surprise. Changing jobs is to be expected. No matter how secure you feel today, the time will come when either you or your employer decide it is time to change.Keys:67-70 FDABSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.An 18-year-girl Kayla Perkins explains what is in her bedroom, “I throw something on the floor and I know right where it is.” However, her parents, Steve and Deborah Perkins, of Mckinney, Texas, haven’t caught on. Even Kayla admits that, at the worst, her room is a mess.Most families at some point have at least one child whose room looks like a landfill.67 Dirty clothes pile up; dirty dishes get lost in the mess and smell bad; homework is lost; and valuable things are ruined.Some parents let it go, believing that a bedroom is private space for children to manage as they wish. Others lecture their children, offer rewards for cleaning, or punish them when they don’t.___ 68____Mrs. Perkins says they picked up all the clothes on Kayla’s floor and hid them. They cleaned everything up. When Kayla came back to a bare bedroom, there was screaming and shouting, “How can I live without my clothes?” Mrs. Perkins asked Kayla to earn her clothes back by doing housework. These days, she keeps her room clean.69 For example, since Jessica, the 14-year-old daughter wasn’t bothered by the dirty clothes all over her floor, the whole family started using her room as a place to store dirty clothes. Her attitude changed after her family did that. By the time she gave in and cleaned up her room a few days later, even she was laughing.70 Children often behave better if you treat them in the way you would want to be treated by your boss at work—with respect and high expectations.KEYS:67-70 BFDESection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The explosion of new media, ranging from the internet to digital television, means that people working in advertising will have to come up with more ways to catch the public’s attention in the future.______67______ No longer will all members be watching the same programme: some will be watching different channels on their own TVs, surfing the net or doing both at the same time. The advertisin g industry will have to work “harder and smarter” to cut through the “mess” of the future with a wide range of new media, all competing to catch the consumers’ eyes.People have become more individual in their consumption of advertising. New technology has made experimenting with new forms of advertising possible. The monologue where the advertisement tells housewives that this is the washing powder they should buy is just a cliché (陈词滥调) now. ______68______ There is, consequently, little hope of them surviving for more than another twenty years. A much closer relationship with the consumer is gradually being created.The definition of what constitutes advertising will expand well beyond the conventional mass media. Shopping environments will themselves become a part of the advertising process. Increasingly, they will exist not simply to sell goods, but also to entertain people and to make sure that they enjoy their time there. The aim will be to “warm” people towards these places so that they will return to purchase goods there again.In spite of these and other changes, it is highly unlikely that TV, print and radio will disappear altogether as advertising media. ______69______ But other marketing strategies, suchas public relations and direct marketing, will become as important as advertising. Advertising agencies will have to reinvent themselves. They will no longer be able simply to produce advertisements and then support these through PR, direct marketing or the internet. Instead, they will have to change the whole way they look at communication and start thinking about ideas which are not specific to one discipline.______70______ Originality of thinking has always been in short supply. It will continue to be so in the future. But there will be increasing cost on the advertiser’s ability to be imaginative and to think laterally about engaging the consumer in a broader variety of media.Keys:67-70 FCEASection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A School That Can Educate Us AllChristos Porios, 16, lives in a small Greek city. “My mother’s a teacher and my father’s amechanic,” he explains, adding that neither is knowledgeable about computers —especiallycompared with him. 67 .Porios was taking a free class in machine learning offered by Andrew Ng, a professor atStanford University, over an online platform Ng developed with his colleagues. Drawing on whathe learned, Porios was able to participate in the International Space Apps Challenge, a virtualhackathon (编程马拉松) using data from NASA and other government agencies.If one teenager in one small city can become a genius hacker through an online course, doesit mean the world has changed? We have been hearing about the potential of online education fordecades.68 . A number of online education platforms have appeared, featuring professorsfrom top universities offering free courses.69 . Ng was amazed. “It would take me 250 years to teach this many people atSt anford,” he says. And so, just one month into the course, Ng and his Stanford colleague, DaphneKoller, decided to leave their faculty posts (教职) and dive into online teaching full-time. In April,they launched their company, Coursera, with a $16 million round of venture funding. So far, it hasmanaged to team up with 35 colleges in nine countries.To Ng and Koller, Coursera’s mission is simple and yet grand. That is to teach millions ofpeople around the world for free, while also transforming higher education.According to Ng, the world’s top 20 universities enroll only about 200,000 students. There are million more who could participate in classwork at the higher level, but most of them are far from any of the leading universities. 70 .Koller says Coursera’s total registration has hit 15 million. Porios, the young Greek, is only one of those registrants. His hope is to study in Germany or England someday. He is even toying with the idea of taking classes at MIT or Stanford — but this time in person.Keys:67-70 CAFESection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.“Any apple today ?”, Effie asked cheerfully at my window ,. I followed her to her truck and bought a kilo . On credit , of course . Cash was the one thing in the world I lacked just then .67 .All pretense （借口）of payment was drooped when our funds , food and fuel decreased to alarming lows. Effie came often , always bringing some gift: a jar of peaches or some firewood . There were other generosities.____68______Effie was not a rich woman . Her income , derived from investment she had made while running an interior decorating shop , had never exceeded $200 a month , which she supplemented by selling her apples .But she always managed to help someone poorer .Years passed before I was able to return the money Effie had given me from time to time . She was ill now and had aged rapidly in the last year .” Here , darling , “ I said , “ is what I owe you ,” _____69_______” Give it back as I gave it to you -----a little at a time.” “ I think she believed there was magic in the slow discharge of a love debt.The simple fact is that I never repaid the whole amount to Effie , for she died a few weeks later . By now , the few dollars Effie gave me have been multiplied many times . But a curious thing began to happen .____70_______At that time , it seemed that my debt would forever go unsettled . So theaccount can never be marked closed , for Effie’s love will go on in hearts that have never known her .Keys:67-70 E A F CSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Self-talk helps us allTalking to yourself may seem a little shameful . If you’ve ever been overheard criticizing yourself for a foolish mistake or practicing a speech , you’ll know the social problems it can cause._____67____.But there’s no need for embarrassment . Talking to ourselves , whether ou t loud or silently in our heads, is valuable . Far from being a sign of insanity , self-talk allows us to plan what we are going to do , manage our activities and control our emotions.For example , take a trip to any preschool and watch a small girl playing with her toys . You are very likely to hear her talking to herself : offering herself directions and talking about her problems. _____68_______We do a lot of it when we are young.As children ,according to the Russian Psychologist Lev Vygotsky , we use private speech to control our actions in the same way that we use public speech to control the behavior of others. As we grow older , we keep this system inside.Psychological experiments have shown that this so-called inner speech can improve our performance in tasks like telling what other people are thinking . Our words give us an interesting view of our actions . One recent study suggested that self-talk is most effective when we talk toourselves in the second person : as “you” rather than “I”._________69______If you want proof , turn to a sports channel . You’re sure to see an athlete shouting at himself or herself .Talking to ourselves seems to be a very good way of solving problems and working through ideas. Hearing different points of view means our thoughts can end up in different place , just like a regular dialogue , and might turn out to be one of the keys to human creativity.Both kinds of self-talk -----silent and out loud ----seem to bring many different benefits to our thinking .______70_______.Keys:67--70: EBDCSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.To Please Your Friends, Tell Them What They Already Knew The research emeraged out of some real-life observations shared by Gilbert and co-authors Gus Cooney and Timothy D. Wilson：“Conversation is the most common of all human social activities, and doing it well requires that we know what our conversation partners most want to hear.___67___”says psychological scientist Daniel T, Gilbert of Harvard University.“When our friends try to tell us about movies we’ve never seen or albums we’ve never heard, we usually find ourselves bored, con fused, and underwhelmed. ___68___. And yet, as soon as it’s our turn to speak, we do exactly the same thing to our friends –with exactly the same consequences. We wanted to understand why this happens.”Gilbert explains. The researchers decided to do this by conducting a series of experiments.In their first experiment, the researchers assigned participants to groups of three, with one person acting as the speaker and the other two acting as listeners. Speakers watched a video and then tried do describe it to the listeners. Some of the listeners had seen the video the speaker was describing, and others had not.___69___. When the speakers were done speaking, the listeners rated them on these aspects. The results showed that speakers’ predictions were exactl y backwards. Speakers expected listeners to respond more positively to their stories when the listeners had not seen the video they were describing ___70___. Although speakers expected listeners to enjoy hearing about a novel experience more than a familiar one, it was actually the other way around.A second study showed that when asked to predict their own reactions before hearing the story, listeners made the same mistake that speakers did.Keys:67--70 DEAF。

2019届高三英语二模汇编——六选四1、2019黄浦二模Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.This phenomenon is often missing from development projects promoted as green or sustainable.B. This phenomenon has variously been called environmental, eco-or green gentrification.C. Greening and environmental cleanup do not automatically or necessarily lead to gentrification.D.This creates pressure to rezone industrial land for residential towers or profitable commercial space, inexchange for developer-funded cleanup.E. But it can drive up real estate prices and displace low- and middle-income residents.F. Environmental gentrification naturalizes the disappearance of manufacturing and the working class.Sustainable Cities Need More Than Parks, Cafes and a Riverwalk There are many standards that aim to rank how green cities are. But what does it actually mean for a city to be green or sustainable?We’ve written about what we call the “parks, cafes and a riverwalk” model of sustainability, which focuses on providing new green spaces, mainly for high-income people. This vision of shiny residential towers and waterfront parks has become a widely-shared conception of what green cities should look like. 67 Gentrification(住宅高档化) has become a catch-all term used to describe neighborhood change, and is often misunderstood as the only path to neighborhood improvement. In fact, its defining feature is displacement. Typically, people who move into these changing neighborhoods are wealthier and more educated than residents who are displaced.A recent flood of new research has focused on the displacement effects of environmental cleanup and green space initiatives. 68Land for new development and resources to fund extensive cleanup of poisonous sites are scarce in many cities. 69 And in neighborhoods where gentrification has already begun, a new park or farmers market can worsen the problem by making the area even more attractive to potential high-income people and pricing out long-term residents. In some cases, developers even create temporary community gardens or farmers markets or promise more green space than they eventually deliver, in order to market a neighborhood to buyers looking for green pleasantness.70 It makes deindustrialization seem both inevitable and desirable, often by quite literally replacing industry with more natural-looking landscapes. When these neighborhoods are finally cleaned up, after years of activism by longtime residents, those advocates often are unable to stay and enjoy the benefits of their efforts.答案：67-70 EBDF难度：偏难本文为说明文。

FY20普陀二模备考六选四分析Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. But legislation (法律)won't bap all situations in which multitasking is unwise.B. They multitask for efficiency, to fight boredom or to keep up with social media.C. Forty-eight states have banned texting while driving.D. However, texting while biking seems so undemanding as to be harmless.E. They damage driving equivalently as far as external dangers go.F. Instead of multitasking, they take more rest breaks and get a social media fix during a break.Is Multitasking Always Good?Not only do smartphones provide unrestricted access to information, they provide perfect opportunities to multitask. Any activity can be accompanied by music, selfies or social media updates. Of course, some people pick poor times to tweet or text, and lawmakers have stepped in. (67)________ In Honolulu, it's illegal to text or even look at your phone while crossing the street, and in the Netherlands they've banned texting while biking.(68)________ You need to self-regulate. Understanding how the brain multitasks and why we find multitasking so appealing will help you realize the danger of pulling out your phone.Multitasking feels like doing two things at the same time, so it seems the danger lies in asking one mental process to do two unrelated things— for texting drivers, watching the screen and the road.Twenty states have instituted bans on driving using a hand-held phone while still allowing hands-free calls. Yet hands-free or hand-held makes no difference. (69)________ The real problem is the switch of attention between the conversation and the road, and that affects performance.People sense this, and when on the phone they drive slower and increase their following distance, but they are far too confident that these measures reduce risks. This overconfidence extends to other activities. A 2015 survey showed that a majority of students who use social media, text or watch TV while studying think that they can still comprehend the material they're studying.People don't multitask merely because they see no harm in it; they see benefits. (70)_________Most people will still choose to multitask. But they should, at the very least, be fully aware of how that choice affects them and the potential consequences for themselves and others They need to pay attention to how much— or how little—they are paying attention。

Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Picture two accountants alerted to suspicious entries in the books. The first takes the violation seriously. The second thinks it’s not a big deal. Who has more power? ____67______ Powerful people break the rules-----therefore, breaking rules makes one seem more powerful.“In its modest form, rule breaking is actually healthy,” says Zhen Zhang of Arizona State University. He found that relatively minor violations during adolescence----damaging property, playing hooky----predicated an admired occupation entrepreneur.When young men, in particular, take risks that succeed, testosterone levels surge. The hormone may underline the “winner effect,” say researchers John Coates and Joe Herbert of University of Cambridge, who tracked the hormonal activity of stock option traders (again, all male) over their good and bad days in the market _____68______.But at a certain point, risk taking can become illogical. This can cause “ethical numbing(道德麻木).” Consider Steve Jobs: As Apple grew, so did lawsuits against it, like those over patents.Being wealthy has a moral effect on both genders. Studies have found that the $150,000-plus-per-year set was four times as likely to cheat as those making less than $15,000 a year when playing a game to win $50. The rich didn’t stop for pedestrians at a crosswalk nearly as often as less-wealthy drivers. ______69_____ That’s because environment—not personality—encourage rule breaking, argues Andy Yap, a behavioral scientist. Yap and hiscolleagues asked volunteers to sit in an SUV-size driver’s seat versus a crowded one or an executive-size office space versus a cubicle(小隔间) and then tested their responses to various moral evens. _____70______.Keys: 67-70 D F C ASection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.No matter what the reason, though, juggling more than one job is guaranteed to be a crash course in time management. If you’re not careful, the word “crash” could become more than figurative.We all know that we’ll have to figure out a time management system when we take on a second job. Equally obvious is the fact that what works for one person (and their jobs) probably won’t work for anyone else._____67______. There are a few tricks, though, that can help._______68_______. Even if you are the boss on your second job——you’re working for yourself——you have an obligation to keep that work separate from you day job. Focus on what’s in front of you. There’s actually a benefit to punching a clock when you work for more than one supervisor. When you’re on the clock for Company A, you know exactly which projects you should be working on. If Company A is paying for this time, you should be theirs, heart and soul, at least until you clock out.Good records can also help. I’m not just talking about the calendars and task lists most of us rely on, either. Making sure that you have any contact information available no matter whetheryou’re at Job A, Job B or home can take some extra effort, but it’s worth it._____69_______.I know plenty of people who bring their work to their primary job. It seems to be a favorite tactic of folks starting up a freelancing career or small business. I don’t think that’s the best way to manage a packed schedule. If you don’t have your primary employer’s permission, the best advice is to just keep things quiet. Give preference to the employer who is paying you for this specific chunk of time.Some companies don’t want you to work anywhere else. They want you to put in your eight hours, go home, sleep well and come back rested. Others consider employees who go looking for other projects as its benefits —— such employees have a jump start on networking and have a wider variety of experiences.70 . Because it can be very hard to figure out your boss’s attitude, the general rule seems to be that you keep quiet on your extracurricular activities. I wouldn’t talk about Job A at Job B, although, if my boss was to bring up the matter, I’d be entirely truthful.Keys: 67-70 C E B FSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The understanding that literature can comfort, console and heal has been around since the second millennium BC,_____67______.As a bibliotherapist, I’m interested in the therapeutic value stories have to offer us, particularly during times of stress. Here the intent around reading is different; the value of the story lies solely in our emotional response to it.One of the greatest arguments for using literature as therapy was posited by the Renaissance essayist Michel de Montaigne, who believed there were three possible cures for loneliness: have a lover, have friends and read books. ______68______.Therefore, the only therapy that could endure through life was the companionship of literature.Why were the ancient Greeks and Romans right to suppose literature heals the soul? Why did Montaigne trust we could endure loneliness through a lifelong relationship with books? Why, despite all the distractions of modern life, do books still get published and writers’ festival events get sold out? The answer lies in the power of stories______69______. they tell us what it is to be human, give us a context for the past and an insight towards the future. A narrator’s voice replaces our stressed, internal monologue and takes us out of our life and into the world of a story. Paradoxically, we think we are escaping ourselves but the best stories take us back deeper into our interior worlds. Freud, who believed the “reading cure” came before the “talking cure”, once wrote that wherever he went he discovered a poet had been there before. It is difficult to access emotional language and this is why we have writers. ________70_______.What stories have shaped you? It’s a question worth reflecting on, as this shaping is often subconscious. The act of making it conscious will allow your future reading to perhaps have a different intent; you will be “reading” your life from now on, allowing you to live it more fully and better understand it.Keys: 67-70 E C B FSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park._______67_______. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than170 wolves.Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development.________68________. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations — major food sources (来源) for the wolf – grew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation , which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park’ s red foxes, and completely drove away the park’ s beavers.________69________. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolvers. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone._______70_______. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.Keys: 67-70 E A C FSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.This Way to DreamlandDaydreaming means people think, about something pleasant, especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing. Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what’s happening around them. They can seem forgetful and clumsy. ____67___ They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things.But daydreamers are also, responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history. ____68____Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions?So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool?First, understand that some opportunities for daydreaming are better than others. Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams. ____69____And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while you’re daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in another task—preferably something simple, like taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings.It’s also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate. “Mindfulness”, being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep.____70____.Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away. Therefore, it’s a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when you’re in the daydream zone.Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds. Keys: 67-70 B C E ASection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Gun laws in America are already so weak, it must be tough to find ways to make them even looser. But you've got to give gun lobbyists(游说者) credit. They've come up with some new ideas and found friends in Congress to promote them, even as the nation is in deep sadness due to the58 people killed at a music festival in Las Vegas. ________67________ . At worst, they would put innocent people and police officers in graver danger.The changes are tucked(塞) into a measure called the Sportsmen's Heritage and Recreational Enhancement (SHARE) Act. The innocuous title tries to hide its most controversial content. Theproposal getting the most attention is a move to make it easier to buy silencers. _______68_______. But when opponents argue that silencers will make it harder to hear gunshots, those same supporters insist it isn't so. Sorry, but they can't have it both ways.Silencers have been available to hunters and others under the current law since 1934.But the National Rifle Association thinks it takes too much trouble to buy one.Buyers must pass a criminal background check, turn over their fingerprints to the government, and pay a $200 fee. Silencers are registered, and transfers are tracked. ________69_______.Two days after the Las Vegas massacre(屠杀),a group of House Democrats called on House Speaker Paul Ryan to ensure that the SHARE measure won’t be taken up by the House. But the best Ryan could know was, “I don’t know when it’s going to be scheduled.”Ryan and other Republicans who have opposed every previous effort to pass gun measures said this week they'd consider banning "bump stocks," an extra piece of equipment the Las Vegas shooter used to make his semi-automatic weapon even more dangerous. Also the NRA talked favorably about "additional regulations"but not a new law. ______70______.Controlling gun violence should be at the top of Congress' agenda.Instead, according to the gun lobby’s demand, it is looking at weakening existing restrictions. That is pathetic.Keys: 69-70 B A F DSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.My wife and I recently welcomed a child into the world. His only interest right now iskeeping us awake 24/7. But one day, he’ll need to learn something about finance. When he does, here are some suggestions.1. You might think you want an expensive car, a fancy watch, and a huge house. But you don’t. ________67_______. You think having expensive stuff will bring it. It almost never does—especially from the people you want to respect and admire you.2. The road to financial regret is paved with debt. Some debt, such as a mortgage, is OK. But most spending that results in debt is the equivalent of a drug: a quick hit of pleasure that wears off, only to drag you down for years to come, limiting your options and keeping you weighed down by the baggage of your past.3. I hope you’re poor at some point. Not struggling, and not unhappy, of course. But there’s no way to learn the value of money without feeling the power of its scarcity. It teaches you the difference between necessary and desirable. ______68_______.These are essential survival skills.4. If you’re like most people, you’ll spend most of your adult life thinking, “Once I’ve saved/earned $X, everything will be great.” Then you’ll hit $X, move the goalposts, and resume chasing your tail. It’s a miserable cycle. Your goals should be about more than money.5. Don’t stay in a job you hate because you made a career choice at 18. Almost no one knows what he or she wants to do at that age. Many people don’t know what they want until they’re twice that age. (These are the signs you’re in the wrong career.)6. The best thing money buys is to control over your time. _______69_______. One day you’ll realize that this freedom is one of the things that makes you truly happy.7. Change your mind when you need to. I’ve noticed a tendency for people to think they’ve mastered investing when they’re young. They start investing at age 18 and think they have it all figured out by age 19. They never do.8. Some people are born into families that encourage education; others are from families that are against it. Some are born into flourishing economies; others, into war and poverty. I want you to be successful, and I want you to earn it. But realize that not all success is due to hard work and not all poverty is due to laziness. Keep this in mind when judging people, including yourself.9. Your savings rate has a little to do with how much you earn and a lot to do with how much you spend. I know a dentist who lives paycheck to paycheck, always on the edge of ruin. I know another person who never earned more than $50,000 and saved a fortune. The difference is entirely due to their spending._______70_______.10. Don’t listen to me if you disagree with what I’ve written. The world you grow up in will have different values and opportunities than the one I did. More important, you’ll learn best when you disagree with someone and then are forced to learn it yourself. (On the other hand, always listen to your mother.)Keys: 67-70 F A C DSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Bike-Sharing Schemes Test Shanghai’ EthicsShared bikes’ convenience and relatively low fees—after users pay a deposit, every ride within 30 minutes costs just 1 yuan—has proven an attractive proposition. Most shared bike rides in Shanghai start from smartphone apps, which have users scan QR codes with their phones._______67______.Some of the shared bike users aren’t always willing to share their bikes. For example, Mobike has had some of its bicycles stolen._______68________. In addition, some of the bikes’ QR codes have been defaced (损伤外观) on purpose, making it impossible for anyone to use them. “ We’ve foreseen that such problems will emerge. So, Mobike has introduced a credit point system that punishes rule breakers with higher fares,” said Ma Xiaoran, Mobike’s public relations manager.Some users have also complained about the weight of the Mobikes and their non-adjustableseats, so a competitor called ofo, lighter and cheaper, has penetrated into the market. Ofo initially targeted university campuses and is available to the general public now.Similarly, ofo has also had trouble keeping its bikes from disappearing._______69______. After scanning a bike’s QR code, ofo’s app will give the user a code with which to unlock the bike. However, the locks are flimsy (脆弱的), and a bit of rattling will show the user which buttons to press, foregoing the need to pay. Also, since the bicycles aren’t equipped with GPS, the company cannot easily track the ones that have been stolen.Posinda, a company from neighboring Jiangsu province, started operating in Yangpu District in late 2014, its only service area of the city. Unlike its competitors, Posinda’s 300 bikes need to be returned to certain locations. “Different from the Mobike model, we have designated stations where our bikes are parked,” Posinda’s general manager, Zhu Minjian, said. “_______70______.” The company, active in 11 cities, is subsidized by local governments, and its bikes can be used for free if returned within one hour. But users need to pay a deposit of 500 yuan to get a card required to unlock the bikes.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Handwriting has existed for about 6,000 years.It's one of our most important inventions._______67_______.Most of us know,but often forget,that handwriting is not natural.______68_______. In early America,only wealthy men and businessmen learned to write.A "good hand" became a sign of class and intelligence as well as morality.Most, meanwhile,signed legal documents with a mere 'X' and the presence of a witness.Writing only spread to the masses in the 19th century,after schools began teaching handwriting.______69_______—left-handed students often had their arm tied tightly to their bodies,so they'd learn to write with the “correct” hand.In more modern times,you may remember spending hours learning the correct stroke（笔画）, formation and spacing of upper-and lower-case letters.But today,schools are shifting the focus to coursework in STEM—short for science,technology,engineering and mathematics. _______7_______.Technology has threatened writing long before every man,woman and child carried a phone.It came with the invention of the typewriter,which standardized written communication,and that same argument will reappear as technology advances.I don't know if handwriting will ever die.But today,the growing emphasis on typing is having far-reaching effects.To get a glimpse of the future,just look at the youth.Instead of curly Qs or crazy Ls,kids are using emoticons such as orto give a personal touch.Typing is more democratic,too—it isn't a complicated skill to master.Keyboards are changing the physical connection between writers and text,and people who can't write by hand,like the blind,can now use tools to communicate only by touch.Sure,I'll miss the writing of letters,and the beautiful and well-practiced signature written with a pen.write.Keys: 67-70 B E A DSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Acid rain is now a familiar problem in the industrialized countries in Europe. Harmful gases like Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide are produced by power stations and cars. _______67______.Acid rain is also capable of dissolving some rocks an buildings made of soft rock, such as limestone, are particularly badly affected. The acid rain attacks the rock, and so carvings and statues are worn away more quickly._______68_______. According to a report in the Scientist, acid rain is being blamed for the rapid decay of ancient ruins Mexico. The old limestone buildings in places like Chichen Itza, Tulum and Palenque are wearing away very quickly indeed. These sites are the remains of the buildings built by the Mayas between 250 BC and AD900, and the spectacular ruins of civilization are visited by thousands of tourists every year.The acid rain is said to be caused by pollution from oil wells in the Gulf of Mexico. Car exhaust gases are also a problem. Local volcanic eruption make the problem even worse. Nevertheless, with enough money and effort, researchers say that many of the problems could be solved and the rate of dissolving reduced.________69________.Mexico’s current lack of funds is also partly due to oil. The country has rich oil field and a few years ago, when oil was expensive, Mexico was selling large quantities of oil to the USA and earning a lot of money. The government was therefore able to borrow huge sums of money from banks around the world, thinking they would have no problem repaying their debts. However, theprice of oil then dropped, and Mexico has been left owing enormous sums of money and with not enough income from oil sales to pay back the loans. _______70________.Keys: 67-70 F E A CSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Guns have a special place in American culture, and though not everyone agrees on whether or not they are a good thing, there is no mistaking that they will be part of the culture landscape for some time. To answer the question, no, not everyone has a gun. ______67______.Americans use guns for one of two uses:either for sport, where they can use them on firing ranges or for hunting in approved areas, or for self-protection. The latter is where most people begin to take sides, either arguing for the removal of guns from society or allowing more people to have them. There are organizations and community groups for both sides and both sides have strong feelings.Legally, there are restrictions on gun owners. ______68______. Only certain kinds of weapons can be purchased by the public, and that excludes automatic weapon and military gradeweaponry. Gun owners must transport their weapon in a safe way, unloaded and in most cases, out of sight. Special—concealed carry permits from the police station must be obtained for people who want to wear weapon, and most people are rejected for this kind of permit. ______69_______. Criminals steal guns or buy them illegally to commit crimes, and the news is full of terrible stories of what happened next. Occasionally a child will get a hold of legal weapon and accidentally hurt themselves or others.It is important to remember, however, that the news stories that make the United States seem like a dangerous place are deceiving; guns are not everywhere or constant. _______70_______. After all, America is a safe place to live.Keys: 67-70 D A F CSection CChoosing the right job is probably one of the most important decisions we have to make in life, and it is frequently one of the hardest decisions we have to make. One important question that you might ask yourself is: “How do I get a good job?” _______67_______.There are people who can answer an insignificant advertisement in the local paper and land the best job in the world; others write to all sorts of places all over the country, and never seem to get a reply at all. Still others believe that the in person, door-to-door approach is by far the best way to get a job; and then there are those who, through no active decision of their own, just seemto be in the right place at the right time. ______68_______. He used to spend a lot of his free time down by the sea watching the tall ships, but never thinking that he might one day sail one of them. His father was a farmer, and being a sailor could never be anything for the boy but an idle dream. One day, on his usual wandering, he heard the captain of the ship complaining that he could not sail because one member of his crew was sick. Without stopping to think, the lad(少年) offered to take his place. ______69_______._______70_______. If the lad had gone home to ponder（考虑）his decision for a week, he may have missed his chance. It is one thing to be offered an opportunity; it is another thing to take it and use it well.Sometimes we hear stories about people who break all the rules and still seem to land plum jobs (美差). When you go for a job interview or fill out an application, you are expected to say nice things about the company to which you are applying. But there was one person who landed an excellent job by telling t he interviewer all the company’s faults. And within a year this person had become general manger of the company.Keys: 67-70 B D F ASection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.We all regard receiving presents as a pleasant experience and yet it can be one of the most awkward situations. It is often difficult to look pleased when you receive a gift which is entirely useless or the wrong size._______67_______. However, you have no right to change an article purchased just because it does not fit or is not to your liking. Worse still, the agreement on the sale is between the person who bought it and the shop.So you will have to tell your favorite aunt that the T-shirt does not fit. But an exchange is not always that simple because there has to be a good reason for it. ______68______. For example, if the buyer was told that a switch was voice operated and later found out it was not, then action could be taken. You would have the right to return it and get the money back.But if you are returning something, no matter what the reason is, you will be expected to have proof of purchase. If the receipt cannot be found, then it is possible to use another proof of purchase such as a credit card receipt. If all of these have been lost, you may have to rely on a witness.Many big stores have a much more tolerant policy towards returns and see it as a gesture of goodwill to exchange goods without question. Stores including Marks & Spencer are well known for their “no argument” policy on returned goods. ______69_______.So if a shop refuses to exchange the goods or to offer a refund, the seller is likely to be within his legal rights unless there is something wrong with the goods. In that case, the boot is on the other foot. You have every right to demand a cash refund or a replacement, but only if you have returned it within a “reasonable” time.______70______. Some shops and stores expect things to be returned within a week of purchase, while others may permit a much longer time limit. In any case if you return a thing after what is considered a “reasonable” time, then all you are legally entitled to is the cost of repair.Keys: 67-70 D E B CSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.。

崇明区2019届第二次高考模拟考试试卷英语I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. ?t the endof each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear aconversation and the question about it, readthe four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the bestanswer to the question you have heard.1. A. A pilot. B. An airhost.C. A passenger.D. A taxi driver.2. A. In a bank. B. In a hotel.C. In a clinic.D. In a university.3. A. Order for the man. B. Recalculate the bill.C. Refuse to pay the bill.D. Give the man a discount.4. A. He forgot about the football game.B. He can't endure the loud noise from the game.C. He thought the game was disappointing.D. He doesn't think football games make any sense.5. A. She' d like the man to touch the report for her.B. She's already finished her report on the movie.C. She ll be unable to see the movie with the man.D. She prefers a different type of movie to a comedy.6. A. He's got an extra train schedule.B. He's going to Philadelphia by train.C. He's already missed his train.D. He's familiar with the train station.7. A. He's satisfied with his job.B. He's got trouble finding a job.C. He likes working in hot summer.D. He gets more pay than expected.8. A. The man and the woman did the research together.B. The woman didn't work hard enough on her paper.C. The professor was content with the woman's paper.D. The paper wasn't as good as the woman had thought.9. A. She' ll consider the man's invitation.B. She doesn't want to join a gardening club.C. She doesn't have time to work in a garden.D. She's never been formally invited into a club.10. A. He won't vote for the woman.B. He may also run for class president.C. The woman shouldn't have asked him for his vote.D. The woman should ask his roommate to vote for her.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked. Several questions on each of them. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11.. A. Crows are particularly clever birds.B. Crows have been trained to work for a park.C. Crows are popular with theme parks.D. Crows have long been seen as symbols of evil.12. A. Collecting garbage.B. Giving gifts to visitors.C. Using various tools.D. Remembering visitors faces.13. A. To show visitors can be more careful to keep the park clean.B. To train more crows to clear up the park in a more rapid way.IC. To communicate with crows and establish a relationship with them.D. To indicate humans can learn from nature to protect the environment.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. To save space.B. To reach for the sky.C. To attract tourists.D. To be seen miles away.15.A. They fail to inspire the culture.B.They threaten the city's development.C. They have rather odd nicknames.D. They make old landmarks hard to see.16. A. Skyscrapers are usually ugly.B. The Shard is the world's tallest building.C. London's upward expansion is continuing.D. London's replaced office blocks with high-rises.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. The expansion of the cafeteria.B. The cost of meals in the cafeteria.C. The food served in the cafeteria.D. The job opportunities in the cafeteria.18. A. Cooking food for the students.B. Serving food for the students.C. Improving meals nutritional value.D. Listening to complaints about service.19. A. To give nutrition lessons to students.B. To collect students opinions about meals.C. To find more students to work in the cafeteria.D. To ask students to try a new dish she has made.20. A. A little curious. B. Very amazed.C. Quite confused.D. A bit doubtful.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passagecoherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with theproper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.New “Star Wars” Attractions Set to Open at Disney Theme Parks in 2019The galaxy (银河系) that seems so far, far away just got a little closer.On Tuesday, Disney announced Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge, a highly (21)________(expect)themed land under construction, would open in summer 2019 at California's Disneyland and inlate fall 2019 at Florida's Disney World.(22)________ the announcement was made, officials had only said the new land wouldopen soon.No specific date (23)________(announce) for the Disneyland opening. But if past summeropenings are any indication,Galaxy's Edge is expected to open in late June.The additions will be Disney's (24)________ (big) "single themed l and expansion” ever,according to Disney CEO BobIger. Each will be an expansive 14 acres (英亩). A copy of theMillennium Falcon spaceship, (25)________ guests will be able to pilot, will be a key attraction.Galaxy's Edge will immerse (使沉浸于) visitors in the Star Wars universe, (26)________(transport) them to an ever-before-seen Star Wars planet -a remote trading port largely ignored bywarring people and one of the last stops before wild space. This planet is (27)________, Star Warscharacters and their stories will come to life. It will feature two major attractions: (28)________allowing guests to pilot the Millennium Falcon and the other dropping riders into the middle of abattle. The most advanced video techniques are expected to power each attraction.Even as Galaxy's Edge (29)________(approach), Disneyland is making changes, bothlarge and small, in advance.Recent projects have shifted queues for Dumbo the Flying Elephantand It's a Small World". These are the efforts to improve traffic flows near the attractions. Similarchanges have been made in Adventure land (30)________ (ease) congestion points. Work has, ESPNstarted on a new luxury resort in Downtown Disney. Officials have closed Rainforest CaféZone and AMC Theaters to make room.Section BDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given inthe box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. signB. wreckC. scheduledD. inappropriateative G. tragedy H. repeatE. exactF. initíI. categorized J. accommodated K. unclearTitanic I Could Sail as Soon as 2022If you thought the long-delayed project to launch a full size copy of the ill-fated RoyalMail Ship Titanic was sunk in the water--- think again. Just like Celine Dion sang back in 1997,the travel project will go on and on.Australian businessman and politician Clive Palmer, who is behind the (31)________,announced in September that work on the ship had started again. The idea was first floated in 2012.It is said that the new ship will be a(n) (32)________ copy of the infamous ship, which sank in1912 following a crash with an iceberg (冰山).To avoid a(n) (33)________ disaster, Titanic II will apparently be equipped with plenty oflife boats, modern navigation(导航) and radar equipment. The first voyage, however, will takepassengers from Dubai to New York, reports Cruise Arabia, with the first sailing (34)________ totake place in 2022. Blue Star Line says the nine-decked ship will be home to 835 cabins,and 2,435passengers will be (35)________. You'll be able to buy first-, second- and third-class tickets justlike in the original.Meanwhile tourists with plenty of money might soon have the chance to dive to the(36)_______ of the original Titanic.American company Ocean Gate has planned diving trips for2019, costing $105,129 per person.Of course, the original Titanic voyage ended in (37)________, with over 1,500 peoplelosing their lives. For many, voyages to the original ship are in bad taste. Steve Sims, founder ofthe original one as (38)________. The Bluefish, said earlier in 2018 that he doesn’t see diving toRealistically, it's (39)________ whether Titanic I will ever see the light of day -or whetherthe diving tours will happen soon. But one thing is for certain, more than 10 years after the Titanic's first and only voyage,' global interest in this ship shows no (40)________ of slowing down.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Lying in a Foreign Language Is EasierMost people don’t find it more difficult to lie in a foreign language than in their native tongue. However, things are different when telling the truth: This is clearly more difficult for many people in a foreign language than in their native one.This (41)________ conclusion is the result of a study conducted by two psychologists from the University of Würzburg: Kristina Suchotzki and Matthias Gamer. The two scientists presented their (42)________ in Journal of Experimental Psychology.Their findings could be important for a lot of processes in which the trustworthiness of certain people must be (43)________. In such situations, reports by non-native speakers tend to be considered as less (44)________ even though they may be truthful. Their discovery also explains another a (45)________ namely that people communicating in a foreign language are generally considered as less trustworthy.'There are two research (46)________ to predict differences between deception and truth telling in a native compared to a second language.Research from cognitive (认知的) load theory suggests that lying is more difficult in a foreign language. Compared to truth telling, lying is a cognitively more (47)________ task. Kristina Suchotzki explains. Adding a foreign language imposes an additional cognitive (48)________ which makes lying even more difficult .Lying is easier in a foreign language: This should be true according to the emotional distance hypothesis (假设). This assumption is based on the fact that lying is (49)________ more emotions than staying with the truth. Liars have higher stress levels and are more tense. Research shows that compared to speaking in a native language, communicating in a second language is less (50)________ arousing. Accordingly, this (51)________ emotional arousal would promote lying.rzburg psychologists conducted a number of experiments in To settle this question, the Wüwhich up to 50 test persons had to complete specific tasks. They were asked to answer a numberof questions sometimes (52)________ and sometimes deceptively both in their native language and in a foreign language. Some questions were (53)________; other questions were clearly emotional.The results show that it usually takes longer to answer emotional questions. Answers in the foreign language also take longer. And generally, it takes longer to tell a lie than to tell the truth. However, the time differences between deceptive and truthful answers are less.(54)________ in a second language than in the native language.The data suggest that the increased cognitive effort is responsible for the prolongation (延长) of the truth (55)________ in the foreign language. The reason why this prolongation almostdoes not exist in lying can be explained with the emotional distance hypothesis: The greater emotional distance in a foreign language thus cancels out the higher cognitive load when lying.41. A. similar B. unexpected C. disappointing D. inevitable42. A. insights B. principles C, expectations D. justifications43. A. classified B. substituted C. modified D. evaluated44. A. accurate B. believable C. sensitive D. informative45. A. reason B. difference C. origin D. phenomenon46. A. results B. methods C. theories D. questions47. A. inviting B. embarrassing C. rewarding D. demanding48. A. challenge B. perspective C. strategy D. context49. A. aimed at B. prepared for C. associated with D. applied to50. A. emotionally B. alternatively C. fundamentally D. suspiciously51. A. advanced B. reduced C. adapted D. altered52. A. directly B. confidently C. truthfully D. initially53. A. tough B. concrete C. irrelevant D. neutral54. A. appealing B. obvious C. important D. reasonable55. A. claim B. element C. commission D. responseSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, c and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.In a career that lasted more than half a century, Tom Wolfe wrote fiction and nonfiction best. sellers including The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test and The Bonfire of the Vanities. Along the way, he created a new type of journalism and coined phrases that became part of the American vocabulary.Wolfe began working as a newspaper reporter, first for The Washington Post, then the New York Herald Tribune. He developed a literary style in nonfiction that became known as the New Journalism. Ive always agreed on a theoretical level that the techniques for fiction and nonfictionare interchangeable," he said. The things that work in nonfiction would work in fiction, and vice versa.When Tom Wolfe's voice broke into the world of nonfiction, it was a time when a lot of writers, and a lot of artists in general,' were turning inwards," says Lev Grossman, book critic for Time magazine. Wolfe didn't do that. Wolfe turned outwards. He was a guy who was interested in other people. Wolfe was interested in how they thought, how they did things and how the thingsthey did affected the world around them.In 1979, Wolfe published The Right Stuff an account of the military test pilots who became America's first astronauts.Four years later, the book- was adapted as a feature film. “The Rightreminded me, in case Id forgotten, that the world is Stuff was the book for me”, says Grossman. Itan incredible place."In The Right Stuff,Wolfe popularized the phrase pushing the envelope." In a New York magazine article, Wolfe described the 1970s as The 'Me' Decade. Grossman says these phrases became part of the American idiom because they were accurate.“He was an enormously forceful observer, and he was no t afraid of making strong claims about what was happening in reality," Grossman says. He did it well and people heard him. Andthey repeated what he said because he was right." All those words started a revolution in nonfiction that is still going on.56. The New Journalism is a style of journalism that_______.A. changes its news writing techniques frequentlyB. popularizes new American idioms in a literary wayC. combines novelistic techniques with traditional reportingD. reports various news events from a theoretical perspective57. It can be learned from the passage that The Right Stuff ________.A. is a film directed by Lev GrossmanB. is an influential book by Tom WolfeC. accounts for popular American phrasesD. deals with incredible places in the world58. According to the passage, Tom Wolfe________.A. was good at reporting news from a realistic perspectiveB. preferred making claims about events to writing booksC, was fond of commenting on other people's thoughtsD. liked analyzing social problems from the outside59. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. Tom Wolfe. A Professional Phrase CoinerB. Tom Wolfe: A Forceful Observer and NovelistC. Tom Wolfe: A Theoretical Creator in LiteratureD. Tom Wolfe: An Innovative Journalist and Writer(B)Important facts about ELIQUIS (apixaban)This is a summary of important information that you need to know about ELlQUS. Keep this document in a safe place. s0 you can refer to it before and during your treatmentDo not stop taking ELIQUIS without talking to the doctor who prescribed (开处方) it to you.Talk to your health care team before any medical procedures. ELIQUIS may need to be stopped before surgery, or a medical or dental procedure. Your doctor will tell you when youshould stop taking ELIQUIS and when you may start taking it again. If you have to stop taking ELIQUIS, your doctor may prescribe another medicine to help prevent a blood clot from forming.What is the possible serious side effect of ELIQUIS?ELIQUIS can cause bleeding , which can be serious, and rarely may lead to death. This is because ELIQUIS is a blood thinner medicine that reduces blood clotting. While taking ELIQUIS, you may hurt more easily and it may take longer than usual for any bleeding to stop.Call your doctor or get medical help right away if you have any symptoms of bleeding whentaking ELIQUIS.Who should not take ELIQUIS?XELIQUIS is not for patients who:What should I discuss with my health care team before starting ELIQUIS?Talk to your health care team about the following:Tell your doctor if you are. pregnant 'or breastfeeding, or planning to become pregnantor breastfeed. You and your doctor should decide whether you will take ELIQUIS orbreastfeed. You should not do both.Tell your healthcare team about all of the medicines you are taking.60.The important facts about ELIQUIS are mainly intended for ________.* have artificial heartvalves (瓣膜). * currently have certain types of abnormalbleeding * have had a serious allergic (过敏) reaction to ELIQUIS.*Liver problems *Any other medicalconditions *If you have ever had bleeding problemsA. drugstoresB. patientsC. pregnant womenD. healthcare team61. It can be inferred from the facts that a blood clot forms ________.A. when allergic reaction appearsB. when bleeding grows abnormalC. when blood pressure dropsD. when blood becomes thicker62. What can be inferred about ELIQUIS from the facts?A. It can be harmful to babies.B. It cant be taken with any other medicines.C. It shouldn't be taken after a surgery.D. It may increase the risk of having dental problems.(C)The Earth is facing a climate crisis, but it's also getting greener and leafier: According to new research, the rise is largely due to China and India.A study by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (?ASA), based on extensive satellite photographs and published in the journal Nature Sustainability, has revealed that the two countries with the world's biggest populations are also responsible for the largest increase in greenness.Since 200 the planet's green leaf area has increased by 5 percent, or over 2 million square miles. That's an area equivalent to the sum total of the Amazon rain forests, NASA says.But researchers stressed that the new greenery does not neutralize deforestation and its negative impacts on ecosystems elsewhere.A third of the leaf increase is thanks to China and India, due to the implementation of major tree panting projects alongside a vast increase in agriculture.Using the data from a NASA sensor, researchers discovered that China is the source of a quarter of the increase in green leaf area, despite possessing only 6.6 percent of the world's vegetated area (植被区). Forests account for 42 percent of that increase, while croplands make up a further 32 percent. China's increase. in forest area is the. result of forest preservation and expansion programs, NASA said, established to fight against the impacts of climate change, air pollution and soil erosion (水土流失). India has contributed a further 6.8 percent rise in green leaf area, with 82 percent from croplands and 4.4 percent from forests.Rama Nemani, a co-author of the study and a researcher at NASA's Ames Research Center, said in a statement, When the. greening of the Earth was first observed, we thought it was due to a warmer, wetter climate ,and fertilization from the added carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, leading to more leaf growth in northern forests, for instance. Now, with the data that lets us understand the phenomenon at really small scales. we see that humans are also contributing, Nemani said. This will help scientists make better predictions about the behavior of different Earth systems, which will help countries make better decisions about how and when to take action.Thomas Pugh, a professor at the University of Birmingham's School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences,said the NASA report expands scientists understanding of the causes behind global greening. But he also cautioned that a direct line cannot be drawn between an increase in global greening and a decrease in negative impacts of climate change.63. The passage mainly tells us that________.A. China and India have the world's largest green leaf areasB. China and India are the lead role players in global greeningC. our planet is experiencing a climate crisis despite human effortsD. our planet is getting greener due to the joint efforts of the world64. What can be learned about China and India?A. The area of croplands in India is larger than that in China.B. India's rise in leaf area is largely due to its forestry program.C. They both show a greater increase in forests than in croplands.D. China boasts twenty-five percent of the global rise in leaf area.65. According to Rama Nemani, their new findings are ________.A. unexpected but significantB. surprising but valuelessC. predictable but disappointingD. uncontrollable but inspiring66. What can be inferred from the passage?A. There is an indirect link between global greening and climate change.B. The new greenery does not have any positive effect on the global climate ,C. The gain in greenness does not make up for the damage from loss of leaf area.D. The increase in greening reduces the deforestation rate and its impact globally.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. Some negative experiences on social media can and do affect some children.B. However, some experts question claims that too much screen time is harmful.C. He wanted to see if there was a similar effect among young people in the United States.D. So, it is natural that parents should wonder about all the time children spend looking at ascreen.E. The researchers found no increase in risky sex or driving behaviors, use of illegal substances oreating disorders.F. The researchers suggested that for those children, technology use might get in the way of takingpart in other important activities.Screen Time: How Much Is Too Much?Many children spend a lot of time watching or playing with electronic media from televisions to video games,computers and other devices. (67)__________. Perhaps parents now should ease up on their concerns about screen time, at least for older boys and girls: Until last year, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) suggested that children and teenagers have no more than two hours of screen time a day. It also suggests that parents balance a child's screen time with other activities.(68)__________. Christopher Ferguson, who teaches psychology at Stetson University in Florida, notes a 1ack of evidence supporting reports that too many hours spent playing video games or watching TV is truly harmful.Ferguson seems interested in one idea: the link between video games and violent or risky behavior. When he saw results from a recent British survey on screen time, he wanted to know more. The British study found a small negative effect about a one percent increase in aggression and depression among children who had six or more. hours of screen time a day. (69)__________. So, Ferguson and his team examined answers from a survey on risky behaviors. The study involved about 6000 boys and girls in Florida, whose average age was 16.Data from this survey found that American children are also fairly resistant to the negative effects of electronic media.Among those who used screens up to six hours a day, the survey found: a 0.5 percent increase in criminal behavior, a 1.7percent increase in signs of depression; and a 1.2 percent negative effect on school grades. (70)__________. To further argue his point that screen time is not harmful, Ferguson adds that children should become familiar with screen technology.Electronic devices, he says, are a part of our everyday lives,IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60words. Use your own words as far as possible.71. Fujian Puppetry (木偶剧) in Need of Urgent SafeguardingAS one of the contributions of Chinese performing art to the world's cultural heritage (遗产), Fujian puppetry has along history. It has developed a set of characteristic techniques of performance and puppet making, as well as plays and music.No final conclusions have yet been reached on the origins and evolution of Chinese puppetry. Dating from Shang dynasty, pottery figurine s (陶俑) used as burial objects have been discovered at the Yin Ruins. In a Western Han tomb at Mawangdui in Changsha, Hunan Province,a number of wooden figurines have been unearthed. These were a great improvement on those from previous dynasties in terms of craftsmanship, variety and modeling. Over time, figurines as burial objects evolved into puppets for entertainment on festive occasions.Chinese puppetry further developed during the Ming and Qing dynasties, with a bunch of schools spreading across the country. Puppet shows from various places had their own characteristics in terms of figure modeling.In the past few decades, many traditional forms of art have seen a decline in popularity. In particular, Fujian puppetry finds itself in hot water. The number of young people leaning puppetry has decreased due to socioeconomic changes to their lifestyles. The long period of training required to master the complicated performing techniques has also been a factor in the fall.In response, concerned communities, groups and bearers laid down the 2008-2020 Strategy for the Training of Coming Generations of Fujian Puppetry Practitioners. The key objectives are to safeguard the promotion of Fujian Puppetry and to increase its sustainability through professional training to cultivate a new generation of puppetry practitioners; creation of teaching materials; construction of training institutes and exhibition halls; regional and international cooperation; and artistic exchange.In 2012, the strategy was added to the Register of Good Safeguarding Practices by the UNESCO. With great efforts made by practitioners, local people and education institutions, Fujian Puppetry can expect a brighter future.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.开展研究之前，你必须进行可行性分析。

上海市浦东新区2019届高三高考二模英语试题 2019.4考生注意：1．考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。

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所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

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I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In the boat. B. At the gallery.C. At the gas station.D. In the countryside.2. A. 15 minutes. B. 45 minutes.C. 50 minutes.D. 60 minutes.3. A. Director and actress. B. Boss and secretary.C. Professor and student.D. Waiter and guest.4. A. Annoyed. B. Confused. C. Surprised. D. Worried.5. A. Changing the topic of the paper.B. Giving the paper to his tutor.C. Asking Mrs. Black for advice.D. Choosing biology as the subject.6. A. Reduce pressure and relax herself.B. Solve the serious problems at once.C. Lift spirits by forgetting bad things.D. Find the right address of the hospital.7. A. John's ideas are different from hers.B. John's speech has something to be desired.C. John has a talent for delivering public speeches.D. John is brave enough to express his viewpoints.8. A. Ask the man to borrow a printer.B. Buy a new printer with less noise.C. Read a book on how to fix the printer.D. Get a repairman to check the printer.9. A. Top concern should be given to safety.B. Bicycles are popular with consumers.C. Bicycles are not always extremely cheap.D. The price can not decide the quality of bicycles.10. A. Because she has got a membership card.B. Because she has already got a big discount.C. Because she wants to buy books at a low price.D. Because she works as an accountant at the store.Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear two passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the question will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.II. A. Fable books. B. Fairy tales.C. Magic handbooks.D. Science fictions.12. A. Speeding up if necessary.B. Practising precisely and slowly.C. Playing the piano patiently.D. Playing tricks without being noticed.13. A. Live and learn. B. Curiosity killed the cat.C. Seeing is believing.D. Practice makes perfect. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. It connects a chip to collect different color frequency.B. It changes the color frequency and becomes a part of the body.C. It receives the color frequency and sends the frequency to a chip.D. It detects the colors and gives feedback to the brain through a chip.15. A. Because color frequency was detected.B. Because an electronic device was installed.C. Because the project was secretly carried out.D. Because his official image was accidentally seen.16. A. Adam alone invented the electronic device.B. The device has improved the speaker's eyesight.C. The speaker can enjoy a Picasso without the electronic eye.D. The electronic eye helps those suffering from color blindness.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. He got his shirt dirty accidentally.B. He was injured because of the airflow.C. He was interrupted by his neighbor.D. He was rudely treated by the airhostess.18. A. It is worse than before.B. It has improved just a little recently.C. It is well worth the price.D. It lives up to passengers' expectations.19. A. Because the flight was overbooked.B. Because he forgot to book the flight ticket.C. Because he went to the wrong check-in counter.D. Because the flight was delayed due to the bad weather.20. A. Tempting. B. Frightening.C. Frustrating.D. Exciting.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections : After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Meet Alexa, Your Digital RoommateWho is Alexa? She is a digital assistant that is part of the voice-activated Echo Dot “smart speaker” produced by Amazon. This year Saint Louis University in Missouri has placed one of the speakers in every dorm room (21) _______ its campus. Students can ask the virtual assistant anything from “When are the football teams playing?” to “What’s the square root of 1440?”SLU student Brendan McGuire said: “Instead of sear ching on the Internet while I (22) _______ (tap) away at my computer, I can just ask Alexa: Hey Alexa, ask SLU what’s the molecular（分子的）weight of water? And I can have the answer without (23) _______(interrupt) my process.” That’s exactly (24) _______ school officials had in mind when they decided to provide the smart speakers free of charge for students.“The students we attract (25)_______ (drive) to achieve success in and out of the classroom,” David Hakanson, SLU’s vice president, said. “Every minute we can save our students from having to search for the information online is another minute (26) _______ (commit) to their education.’Saint Louis University is the first in the U.S. (27) _______ (include) an Echo Dot smart speaker in every campus living space. Other colleges have also found ways to offer the technology to students. This year Northeastern University in Boston installed 60 speakers in public places (28) _______ _______ _______ students could get answers to common questions.At Arizona State University, engineering students living in the brand-new residence hall have the option of adding an Amazon Echo Dot to their rooms. “Our focus is putting this technology into the hands of our students in a way (29) _______ will build an ecosystem. (30) _______ supports voice technologies throughout the ASU campus,” said Heredia, a director at ASU. Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Not that there is one word more than you need.A. regionB. initiativeC. sticksD. domesticE. priorityF. shrinkingG. solidH. mattersI. classicJ. expandingK. indefinableUNIQLO’s founder tries to find a way to beat Zara and H&MWhen asked what guides his vision of UNIQLO, Tadashi Yanai, its founder and chief executive, pulls off the shelf the 1987 autumn/winter collection catalogue of Next, a mass-market British retailer. All of the clothes are so ___31___, he says, that they could be worn today. While Zara of Spain and H&M of Sweden follow fashion trends without having any original thought, UNIQLO of Japan ___32___ to timeless basics.Mr. Yanai has a/an ___33___ base at home from which to develop into his Western competitors’ main markets of Europe and America. But instead his ___34___ remains Asia. “Asia is the engine of growth today,” he says, pointing to the millions of consumers across the ___35___ who are reaching the middle class. UNIQLO will open its first shop in India this year and is considering ___36___ into Vietnam and other countries (it has already opened networks of shops in Indonesia, Singapore and Thailand).The success or not of UNIPLO’s overseas o perations ___37___ greatly to investors at home. Fast Retailing’s shares --- Mr. Yanai owns just over 20% of the firm --- have been rising since 2015, Analysts estimate, largely owingto its international expansion and improved logistics （物流）. At home thefirm is closing stores because the population is ___38___. Last year UNIQLO’s international profits overtook its ___39___ sales for the first time and its foreign operation profits almost equaled its Japanese equivalent. Though they are very different markets, Europe and America offer a cautionary tale. UNIQLO in America struggled outside the big cities of the east and west coasts. Growth in America remains ___40___ for UNIQLO both there and in Europe. However, Mr. Yanai, an enthusiastic fan of globalization, is confident that he can guide UNIQLO through the changes needed.Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.If you are a perfectionist, you are probably familiar with the feeling of wanting to get everything just right. You may struggle with handing inpapers, agonize（苦苦思索）over projects at work, and even worry aboutsmall errors from the past. High ___41___ are one thing, but perfectionism is quite another. And as some researchers have discovered, ___42___ perfection can have serious consequences to mental and physical well-being. Since perfectionism is ___43___ with negative outcomes, what can someone with perfectionist tendencies do to change their behavior? Although people are sometimes ___44___ to give up their perfectionist tendencies, psychologists point out that giving up on perfection doesn’t mean being unsuccessful. ___45___, mistakes are an important part of learning and growing. ___46___, imperfection can actually help us in the long run.One possible ___47___ to perfectionism involves developing whatpsychologists call a growth mindset（思维方式）.Researchers at StanfordUniversity have found that cultivating a growth mindset is a key way to help us learn from our failures. Unlike those with ___48___ mindsets --- who see their skill levels as inborn and unchangeable, those with growth mindsets believe they can improve their abilities by learning from their mistakes. Psychologists point out that parents can play a ___49___ role in helping their children develop healthier attitudes towards failure: they can praise their children for making an effort even if their results are imperfect and help children learn to ___50___ when they make mistakes.Another ___51___ option for perfectionism is to cultivate self-compassion（自我同情）. To understand self-compassion, thank about how you would___52___ a close friend if they made a mistake. Chances are that you’d probably make responses with kindness and understanding, knowing that your friend meant well. The idea behind self-compassion is that we should treat ourselves ___53___ when we make mistakes, remind ourselves that mistakes are part of being human, and avoid being ___54___ by negative emotions. Self-compassion can be beneficial for mental health, but perfectionists tend not to treat themselves in compassionate ways. If you’re interested in trying to foster more self-compassion the researcher who developed the concept of self-compassion has a short exercise you can try.Psychologists have also suggested that cognitive（认知的）behavioral therapycan be a way to help people change their beliefs about perfectionism. Although perfectionism is linked to lower mental health, the good news is that perfectionism is something you can change. By working to see mistakes as learning ___55___, and replacing self-criticism with self-compassion, it’s possible to overcome perfectionism and develop a healthier way of setting goals for yourself.41. A. risks B. values C. profits D. standards42. A. identifying B. mirroring C. concealing D. pursuing43. A. hardened B. associated C. compared D. replaced44. A. hesitant B. courageous C. desperate D. bound45. A. for instance B. By contrast C. In fact D. On average46. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. Furthermore D. Instead47. A. obstacle B. alternative C. attitude D. equivalent48. A. various B. fixed C. positive D. keen49. A. casual B. creative C. crucial D. changeable50. A. persevere B. scheme C. negotiate D. survive51. A. potential B. conditional C. unique D. sustainable52. A. compete with B. run after C. respond to D. argue with53. A. favorably B. kindly C. accordingly D. differently54. A. promoted B. inspired C. monitored D. consumed55. A. skills B. outcomes C. levels D. opportunities Section Bdirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.( A )I had a teac her who used to wake up in class by shouting: “The early bird gets the worm!” I say “let him have the worm”. I hate food that doesn’t stay still, and avoid Japanese restaurants for that very reason. Anyway, I stopped eating worms at the age of three, switching to regular breakfasts of cereal（谷物）, to which I would add extra sugar.Recently I was thinking about early birds and the competitive spirit after receiving a letter from a reader in Malaysia: ”My son deliberately throws away marks because he doesn’t like to be top of the class. What shall I do?” Give him a round of “applause” for being smart! Actually many children in Asia tend to be the focus by performing better.Placed into a very competitive class when I was 11, I quickly learned the ideal position was second to last. The top three performers and the very last person are highlighted; the second-to-last contestant is INVISIBLE. And it’s an easy position to get—just deliberately underperform at every test. I could do that. I once came second to last in eight straight sports day races. No one suspected anything. I was so invisible that I could have robbed a bank in my street and no one would have noticed.At the London Olympics a few months ago, badminton pairs from three Asian countries deliberately tried to lost matches to draw good lots in later rounds. It was funny to watch, but they were all thrown out for poor sportsmanship. What they really needed were acting lessons, their moves were so unconvincing. “Oops, I hit the ball in entirely the wrong direction.”The other day, I took the children out and they raced for the car. “I’m first,” said one. The second said: “First is worst, second is best.” Together they sang at the last one: “And third’s the one with a hairy chest.”It struck me that the organizers of sports matches could use this song when people deliberately lost matches. “I lost,” the delighted loser will say. The judges could still declare them winners, pointing to a new, optional regulation: “First is worst, second is best, third’s the one with a hairy chest.”56. Why did the author dislike Japanese restaurant?A. Its food was served raw.B. Its food contained worms.C. He was tempted by cereal.D. He was affected by the saying.57. How did the author manage to be invisible in a competitive class?A. He highlighted the top three students.B. He came to second in sports races.C. He hid himself in a bank skillfully.D. He intentionally underperformed.58. What can be learned from the passage?A. The judge is encouraged to eliminate the dishonest players.B. Players disqualified from Olympic doubles for using drugs.C. Children’s song praises the dramatic acting skills of athletes.D. players purposefully failed for easier lots in the following rounds.59. Which saying might the author possibly support?A. Great minds think alike.B. God favors those who are prepared.C. Honesty is the best policy.D. A bird in hand is worth two in the bush( B )Shot in more than 40 locations in L.A., the musical La La Land is “a love letter to the city”. To coincide with UK r elease, we asked a local writer to pick some of the film’s amazing settings.Judge Harry Pregerson InterchangeLa La Land’s opening scene is a six-minute dance that plays out in L.A.’s bad traffic. It is also where the film’s leading roles, struggling actr ess Mia and jazz pianist Sebastian, first encounter each other—in a road anger incident. The scene is said to have been filmed over two hot days in south L.A.Smokehouse Restaurant, BurbankThis is the setting for the scene in which Mia discovers Sebastian’s talent for the piano. The fictional Lipton’s restaurant---where jazz purist Sebastianwas reluctant to play Christmas music---is in reality a place long frequented by actors, producers and other show business types. It has been on this spot, across the street from the Warner Bros studio, since 1949. In the film, theouter wall of Lipton’s is the You are the Star mural（壁画）. which featuresMarilyn Monroe, Charlie Chaplin and others, which is on the corner of Hollywood Boulevard and Wicox Avenue in Hollywood in reality.Warner Bros Studios, BurbankMia works at the studio’s coffee shop, where Sebastian comes to meet her. As they wander the studio’s lot, Mia points out “the window that Humphrey Bogart and Ingrid Bergman looked out in Casablanca.” It’s one of the film’s numerous nods to movie history. Warner Brons is still a working studio, with 35 sound stages, 14 exterior sets and visitor tours. Cathy’s Corner, Mount Hollywood DriveThis section of the road that winds through Griffth Park is the setting of their dance play. It overlooks the San Fernando Valley and features on the film poster. Cathy’s Corner is near famed Mu lholland Drive, but prepare for disappointment if you’re expecting a park bench and street lamps, which only exist in the movie.60. In order to encounter some film stars, you may go to _______.A. Judge Harry Pregerson InterchangeB. Smokehouse RestaurantC. Warner Bros StudioD. Cath’s Corner61. Mia mentioned the underlined sentence so as to _______.A. stress Warner Bros is still in functionB. show respect for movies of previous generationsC. illustrate La La Land was filmed at Hollywood Center StudiosD. compare Mia and Sebastian’s love story with Humphrey and Ingrid62. In which section of a website can you most probably find this passage?A. Nature and Environment.B. City and Transport.C. Travel and Recreation.D. Food and Health.( C )Few facts about modern life seem more undeniable than how busy everyone seems to be. Across the industrialized world, large numbers of survey respondents tell researchers they’re overburdened with work, at the expense of time with family and friends.But the total time people are working , whether paid or otherwise, has not increased in Europe or North America in recent decades. What’s more, the date also show that the people who say they’re the busiest generally aren’t. Part of the answer is simple economics. As economies grow, and the incomes of the better-off have risen over time, time has literally become morevaluable: Any given hour is worth more, so we experience more pressure to squeeze in more work.But it’s also a result of the kind of wor k in which many of us are engaged. In the past, farming work was subject to weather limits, white at present people live in an “unlimited world,” and there are always more incoming emails, more meetings, more things to read, and digital mobile technology means you have a few more to-do list items.With time pressure weighing us down, it’s hardly surprising that we live with one eye on the clock. But psychological research demonstrates that this time-awareness actually leads to worse performance. So the ironic consequence of the “busy feeling” is that we could handle to-do list less well than if we weren’t so rushed.Arguable worst of all, the feeling of rush spreads to affect our leisure time, so that even when life finally does permit an hour or two for recovery, we end up feeling that leisure time should be spent ”productively,” too.If there’s a solution to the busyness epidemic（流行病）, other than the universal 21-hour workweek, it may lie in clearly realizing just how reasonable our attitudes have become. Historically, the ultimate symbol of wealth, achievement and social superiority was the freedom not to work. Now, it’s busyness that has become the indicator of high status. “Thebest-off in our society are often very busy, and have to be,” says Gershunny. “You ask me, am I busy, and I tell you: ”Yes, of course I’m busy because I’m an important person!”Too often, we measure our worth not by the results we achieve, but by how much of our time we spend. We live crazy lives, at least in part, because it makes us feel good about ourselves.63. According to the author, people’s feeling about busyness resultsfrom_______.A. the increase in time valueB. the sacrifice of family timeC. the longer working timeD. the change of working partners64. The underlined phrase “weighing us down” in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to _______.A. making us overburdenedB. having a positive effect on usC. measuring us in all aspectsD. giving us time for reflection65. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. The solution to busyness is applying a 21-hour workweek.B. If people had leisure time, they would relax themselves.C. The feeling of being burdened spells low productivity.D. Freedom is overrepresented in the current society.66. What does the passage mainly concerned with?A. The measurement of wealth in the current society.B. The evolution of people’s attitude towards busyness.C. The hidden reasons and effects of people’s busyness.D. The solution to prioritizing the crucial tasks in busyness.Section CDirections:Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a propersentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note thatthere are two more sentences than you need.A. However, meal kits are likely heading for the mainstream.B. If it’s single-use and thrown away, the packaging is a killer.C. In that case, you might replace dozens of car trips with one truck trip.D. Meal knits arrive on your doorstep by truck filled with every ingredient you ne ed.E. Tailor-made meal kits save waste by providing precise quantities of fresh ingredi ents.F. If food waste was a country, it would rank third in emissions behind the US an d China.Meal kits（餐具）cut food waste but packaging is a problemHome delivery meal kits can slash（大幅消减）food waste by more thantwo-thirds, but suppliers need to switch to reusable packaging to makethem environmentally friendly.___67____ That means leftovers are minimized. But while the deliveryservices score well on reducing food waste, buying the same ingredientsfrom the supermarket almost always saves energy overall simply becausemeal kits use so much single-use packaging. The good news is that if youhave meals that are tailored for consumption, people won’t over-buy andyou have less food waste. You fine-tune the portions to what people willactually eat.Beyond the cost of the waste itself, thrown-away food generates methane（甲烷）that contributes to climate change. ___68____ A 2018 reportfrom the Boston Consulting Group found that the waste was set to soarby a third by 2030 when global food waste was estimated to reach 2.1 bntonnes.Meal kits can reduce transport emissions if they mean people take fewertrips to the supermarket. If people only went to buy goods that areunlikely to decay such as soap and toilet paper, they might only have tovisit the supermarket once every couple of months. That delivery truckcan carry meals for you and dozens of neighbors. ____69___The study found that even if delivered meal kits reduced food waste tozero, they would still use up more energy overall than buying the samefood from the supermarket unless the energy used for the meal kitpackaging was cut by a fifth. ___70___ All the environmental benefits are lost. But if the packaging can be reused, you can get some benefits.Ⅳ. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as fa as possible.Loneliness PeaksFor years America has been talking about obesity, but a new study points to a more serious health issue: isolation and loneliness.Being connected to others socially is widely considered a fundamental human need --- crucial to both well-being and survival. Extreme examples show infants who lack human contact in care fail to grow and often die. Indeed, social isolation has been used as a form of punishment. According to Julianne Holt-Lunstad, the lead author of the study, an increasing portion of the U.S. population now population now experiences isolation regularly. Over 42 million adults above age 45 in the U.S. are estimated to be suffering from chronic（长期的）loneliness. The study of 340 adults between the ages of 27 and 101 living in San Diego identified three key age ranges when people felt the loneliest. Participants who had the highest levels of loneliness were in theirlate-20s, mid-50s and late-80s. While it may come as a surprise that people in their late-20s suffered from loneliness, a larger survey shows they actually may suffer the hardest.With an increasing number of people working from home, watching television, getting into an addiction to electronic devices, it has become too easy to be alone, even if that’s not a person’s intention. Modern day conveniences like having anything we want delivered make it possible to never need to leave the house. So, not surprisingly, those with frequent social contact usually feel less lonely than those with few social ties. Mounting evidence suggests social isolation and loneliness significantly impact our health, and even shorten our lives, just like obesity. This study isn’t the first time loneliness has bee n flagged as an emerging health issue. Therefore, reducing both isolation and loneliness is important for quality of life and well-being.Ⅴ. TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 远足是我们接触大自然的最简单方式之一。

黄浦区2019 年高考模拟考英语试卷2019 年4 月（完卷时间：120 分钟满分：140 分）第I 卷（共100 分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. By bike. B. By car. C. By bus. D. On foot.2. A. The man ’s violin. B. The man ’s hobby.C. The man ’s interview.D. The man ’s job.3. A. Positive. B. Interesting. C. Successful. D. Boring.4. A. He can ’t get a r ootm heahtotel at this time.B. He didn ’t get the type of room he wanted.C. He expected the room to be more expensive.D. He thought he had already made a reservation.5. A. They should give Jessica some on-the-job training.B. They should offer Jessica some train tickets.C. They shouldn ’t have taken Jessica into account.D. They should ask Jessica to get more qualification.6. A. The weather forecast says it will be fine. B. The weather will not affect their plan.C. They will not do as planned in case of rain.D. They will postpone their programme if it rains.7. A. She ’s unable to finish her homework. B. She has to give up efforts.C. She has to remove the virus.D. She ’s infected with some disease.8. A. He has to wait for someone else. B. He is concerned about the woman ’s safety.C. There is something wrong with the car.D. The woman must fasten the seat belt.9. A. She has been promoted to be the sales manager.B. She isn ’t popular with the colleagues in the sales d e p a n r t t m.eC. She enjoyed working in the sales department.D. She doesn ’t like her new position very much.10. A. Few students meet Professor Brown ’s requirements.B. Many students find Professor Brown ’s lecture uninteresting.C. Few students understand Professor Brown ’s lecture.D. Many students have dropped Professor Brown ’s class.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear one short passage and two longer conversations. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passage and the conversations will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Sending invitation cards to guests.B. Reserving a table at least one day in advance.C. Giving your order before you are seated.D. Keeping calm and talking to your clients.12. A. Some fruits. B. Cold dishes. C. A drink. D. A salad.13. A. Consult the waiter about the dish in detail.B. Tell everyone that you have certain dietary restrictions.C. Write beforehand to say that you don ’t care for some dishes.D. Keep quiet and pretend that you enjoy the food.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following conversation.14. A. For a couple of weeks. B. For a whole month.C. For an academic year.D. For as long as he needs it.15. A. The man is writing his graduation paper.B. The man hasn’t signed up for extended borrowing duration.C. The woman allows the man to keep the book.D. One professor has recalled the book the man is keeping.16. A. Renew the book right now. B. Have part of the book photocopied.C. Sign up for another borrowing duration.D. Buy a new copy at a campus bookstore.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. The woman ’s husband. B. The owner of the apartment.C. The apartment manager.D. The person who lives in the apartment now.18. A. In a hotel. B. In a two-bedroom apartment.C. In a house.D. In a three-bedroom apartment.19. A. It is one of the nicest apartments in the buildings.B. The master bedroom of the apartment is quite spacious.C. It is a three-bedroom apartment that is difficult to find.D. The woman ’fsamily can move in the next day if they sign the contract.20. A. She thought the apartment was not spacious enough.B. It was the first apartment that she had the chance to see.C. Her husband was busy and had not seen the apartment yet.D. The rent was too high for the woman ’s family to afford.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use oneword that best fits each blank.Is Hothouse Earth Avoidable?Nearly 50 years ago, the Club of Rome ’s report “Limits to Growth ”warned that if economic growth conwithout regard for the environment, the world could face ecological and economic collapse in the twenty-first century.Yet that is essentially (21)______ has happened. As new research for the Club of Rome shows —and the latest reportfrom the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) states —the world (22)______ well beheaded towards disaster.Many wrongly (23)______(interpret) the “Limits to Growth ”as an attack on uncontrolled economic expansion. In fact, the report argued that (24)______ the unlimited-growth pathway was chosen, it would require complementary policies (including funding) (25)______ (preserve) th e planet ’s limited-slifuepport systems.This argument (26)______ (ignore). Instead, the world has continued to pursue fast growth, without regard for the environmental consequences. This has enabled us to make enormous progress in reducing poverty, increasing longevity,and increasing wealth. (27)______ it has come at a high cost to the formation of the society and the restoration of theplanet.As scientists have conclusively shown, in the last decade, we have entered a new geological era, the Anthropocene,in which human activity —in particular, economic activity —has been the dominant factor (28)______(influence)Earth ’s climate and environment. In the Anthropocene, our planest life-support system i’s changing faster than ever.Climate change now represents a clear and present danger. If our planet becomes just 2°C warmer thanpre-industrial temperatures, we may be placed irreversibly on the path toward “HothouseEarth ”— a situation (29)______ temperatures are many degrees warmer than today, sea levels are considerably higher, and extreme weatherevents are (30)______(common) —and more destructive —than ever.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note thatthere is one word more than you need.A. processedB. increasingC. applicationsD. typingE. interpretingF. reflectedG. injected H. transforming I. connections J. remarkable K. superhumanThe Next Frontier: Using Thought to Control MachinesTechnologies are often billed as transformative. For William Kochevar, the term is justified. Mr Kochevar is paralysed below the shoulders after a cycling accident, yet has managed to feed himself by his own hand. This 31 progress is partly thanks to electrodes, implanted in his right arm, which stimulate muscles. But the real magic lies higherup. Mr Kochevar can control his arm using the power of thought. His intention to move is 32 in neural( 神经的) activity in his motor region; these signals are detected by implants in his brain and 33 into commands to activatethe electrodes in his arms.An ability to decode thought in this way may sound like science fiction. But brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) likethe BrainGate system used by Mr Kochevar provide evidence that mind-control can work. Researchers are able to tellwhat words and images people have heard and seen from neural activity alone. Information can also be encoded and usedto stimulate the brain. Over 300, 000 people have cochlear( 耳蜗的) implants, which help them to hear by 34 soundinto electrical signals and sending them into the brain. Scientists have 35 ”data into mon“keys heads, instructingthem to perform actions via electrical pulses.As our Technology Quarterly in this issue explains, the pace of research into BCIs and the scale of its ambition are36 . Both America ’asrmed forces and Silicon Valley are starting to focus on the brain. Facebook dreams of thought-to-text 37 . Kernel, a startup, has $100m to spend on neurotechnology. Elon Musk has formed a firm calledNeuralink; he thinks that, if humanity is to survive the arrival of artificial intelligence, it needs an upgrade. Entrepreneurs imagine a world in which people can communicate using thoughts, with each other and with machines, or acquire 38 abilities, such as hearing at very high frequencies.These powers, if they ever materialise, are decades away. But well before then, BCIs could open the door to wonderful new 39 . Imagine stimulating the visual region to help the blind, making new neural40 in stroke victims or monitoring the brain for signs of depression. By turning the firing of neurons into a resourceto be used, BCIs may change the idea of what it means to be human.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in eachblank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.How comfortable are you around water? Are you a strong swimmer or do you struggle to keep your head abovewater? Are you comfortable venturing into the deeper water or do you prefer to move into shallow water where the bottom is 41 ?Most people expose themselves to water and swimming situations according to their 42 levels of skill and comfort. The same might be true as you assess your comfort level with different academic environments 43 a good college “fit ”. Just as you might study a body of water to figure out its temperature, depth and current before venturing in, you need to 44 the difficulties, pace and depth of an academic environment —and your ability to keep your“heaabove water ”if admittedbefore—deciding to apply.When looking at academic difficulties as a(n) 45 of “fit ”, you are likely to find thatuyhoave the capacity to “get the job done ”academically in a range of college enviro．n m e4n6t s, you are not likely to have difficulty with the “water ”itself. You will fit best, however, at colleges and universities where your ability and preparation ena ble you torise to new levels of 47 .Your goal should be to find academic environments where your levels of ability and preparation will enable you toachieve well as you stretch yourself 48 . These places represent appropriate “bodier s y o o u f w a c a a t e d r e m i c a”lly.fo The best 49 of comprehension regarding your preparedness to meet the academic requirements of various colleges and universities are your high school teachers. Because they are very familiar with your capabilities, your teachers can offer 50 help in identifying the colleges where you will find the best academic programs for you.Assuming you are able to find appropriate environments academically, you then need to assess the51 of your school reports for admission to those colleges. How does your academic record (grades and test scores)pile up against those of other students who will be 52 , most (about 90%) of whom are just like you in that they cando the work too?You need to be honest in 53 this part of the picture, especially if you are considering colleges that can be highly selective and tend to admit very small percentages of the students who apply. A lot of students get in over theirheads competitively when they fail to consider the real odds of gaining admission. While you might feel you are a 54 candidate at schools that can be very choosy, the reality is that you need to be in the top 25 percent of applicant pools atsuch schools to have a fighting chance of being admitted. By the way, you don 55 your chances’oftgetting into at least one such school by applying to a dozen of them!21. A. tough B. mysterious C. visible D. different22. A. explosive B. respective C. potential D. reasonable23. A. on behalf of B. in the place of C. in case of D. in search of24. A. observe B. overcome C. investigate D. complete25. A. indication B. implication C. innovation D. intention26. A. In addition B. In other words C. By comparison D. By contrast27. A. continent B. contribution C. challenge D. conscience28. A. considerately B. traditionally C. influentially D. intellectually30. A. continuous B. invaluable C. powerless D. unforgettable31. A. reliability B. alternative C. competitiveness D. recommendation32. A. applying B. considering C. comparing D. persisting33. A. appreciating B. assessing C. presenting D. comprehending34. A. flexible B. positive C. feasible D. progressive35. A. grasp B. change C. create D. increaseSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the informationgiven in the passage you have read.(A)In 1888 an Egyptian farmer digging in the sand near the village of Istabl Antar uncovered a mass grave. The bodiesweren ’t human. They were feline —ancient cats that had been mummified( 木乃伊化的) and buried in holes in astonishing numbers. “Not one or two here and there Eng”l i s,hr e I l p l u o s r t r e a d t e d Magazine , “but dozens, hundreds, hundreds of thousands, a layer of them, a laye r thicker than most coal joints, ten to twenty cats deep. ”Some of the linen-wrapped cats still looked presentable, and a few even had golden faces. Village children peddled the best ones totourists for change; the rest were sold as fertilizer. One ship transported about 180,000, weighing some 38, 000 pounds,to Liverpool to be spread on the fields of England.Those were the days of generously funded explorations —that dragged through acres of desert in their quest forroyal tombs, and for splendid gold and painted masks to decorate the estates and museums of Europe and America. Themany thousands of mummified animals that turned up at religious sites throughout Egypt were just things to be clearedaway to get at the good stuff. Few people studied them, and their importance was generally unrecognized.In the century since then, archaeology has become less of a treasure hunt and more of a science. Archaeologistsnow realize that much of their sites ’wealth lies in the majority of details about o s—r d i n w a h r a y t f t o h l e k y did, what they thought, how they prayed. And animal mummies are a big part of that.“They ’re really displays of daily life, ”says Egyptologist Salima Ikram. After peering beneath-braaynsdages withand cataloguing her findings, she created a gallery for the collection —a bridge between people today and those of longago. “You look at these mummified animals, and suddenly you say, Oh, King So -and-So had a pet. I have a pet. Andinstead of being at a distance of 5,000-plus years, the ancient E gyptians become clearer and closer to us. ”36. Which of the following words has the closest meaning to peddled”(paragra“ph 1)?A. modernizedB. displayedC. illustratedD. demonstrated37. Why was archaeology once referred to as a treasure hun“t”(paragraph 3)?A. In the royal tombs, there were many treasures made of silver and gold.B. Animal mummies could be made into fertilizer which is very valuable.C. It was hard to find animal mummies since they were buried under dirt.D. People sought the remains of ancient Egypt merely for their material value.38. Which of the following is TRUE about Salima Ikram?A. She wishes to establish the continuity of pets over history.B. She believes that studying the remains can help modern society relate to the past.C. She wants to identify the King ’s personal belongings and classify them.D. She doubts if current society will understand the significance of Egyptian remains.39. This article probably encourages the readers to _____________.A. value the past by studying the remains left behind by our ancestorsB. make full use of the remains our ancestors have left behindC. understand that animal mummies are more important than gold and masksD. become more sensitive to the ancient lifestyle of our ancestors(B)●Stocky, slow-moving whale, rarely grows beyond 15 metres in length●Flippers are a third of body length; variable dorsal fin size and shape; saw -toothed trailing edge on flukes, often raisedwhen diving●Bumpy tubercles on top of head●Body colour is dark brown to black; often extensive white on flippers and underside of body and flukes; such patternsenable individual recognition●Bushy blow, occasionally V-shaped●270-400 olive baleen platesHumpback whales belong to the rorqual (groove-throated) family, which includes fin, sei, Bryde ’s, minke and whales. The big family migrate between winter tropical breeding areas (North West Shelf, Great Barrier Reef, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Fiii, Tonga) and summer Antarctic feeding areas. Once common in New Zealand waters, humpbacksare now rarely seen and may migrate further offshore. Males compete for mates either by physical fight or by song. Females give birth to their young every two to three years; some non-breeding females probably remain in the southernwaters during winter. Young humpback whales return to their area of birth but in later life some wander between breeding areas. Humpbacks eat small shrimps and other schooling prey, such as fish, forming small, cooperative groupsof two to three individuals to feed.Similar species: Easily identifiable due to a ‘hump’back when submerging, but at a distance may be confused wother species that raise their flukes when diving, such as sperm, right and blue whales.Protection status: Recovering well from past whaling and now numerous in some former migration and aggregation areas, rarely seen in others.40. Which of the following is TRUE about humpback whales?A. Their long flippers vary in length, size and shape like dorsal fin.B. They are large and likely to grow longer than 15 metres.C. The different colors and patterns of the body help to be recognized.D. Their bumpy tubercles and blowholes are on both sides of head.41. Which of the following can be inferred from this article ’s description of humpback whales ’mA. They need warmer waters to breed.B. They can ’t survive in extreme cold.C. They find plentiful food in tropical waters.D. They are mostly hunted in New Zealand waters.42. This article is mainly intended to .A. explain why humpbacks are still hunted in some parts of the worldB. introduce how humpbacks migrate through some dangerous watersC. popularize the basic knowledge of humpbacks and call for protectionD. help distinguish humpbacks from other similar species(C)Right now, I am looking at a shelf full of relics, a collection of has-beens, old-timers, antiques, fossil.s Right now, I am looking at a shelf full of books. Yes, that ’s right. If you have some spare c a s h i s(a t h b e o u g t o$i n8g9r)a a t e n d you are looking to enhance your reading experience, then I highly suggest you consider purchasing an e-reader. E-readers are replacing the books of old and I welcome them with open arms (as you should).An e-reader is a device that allows you to read e-books. An e-book is a book-length publication in digital form, consisting of text, images or both, and produced on, published through and readable on computers or other electronic devices. Sometimes the equivalent of a conventional printed book, e-books can also be born digital. The Oxford Dictionary of English defines the e-book as “anelectronic version of a printed book ”b,ut e-books can and do exist without any printed equivalent.E-readers put printed books to shame. E-readers are superior to printed books because they save space, are environmentally friendly and provide helpful reading tips and tools that printed books do not.The average e-reader can store thousands of digital books, providing a genuine library at your fingertips. What is more, the e-reader itself is very small. It is easy to hold and can fit in a pocketbook or briefcase easily. This makes handling wooden giant such as War and Peace and Anna Karenina a breeze. Perhaps the only drawback to the space-saving aspect of an e-reader is that it requires you to find new things to put on your shelves.In addition, e-readers are environmentally friendly. The average novel is about 300 pages long. So, if a novel is printed 1000 times, it will use 300,000 pieces of paper. That ot of paper! And f’orsthael s uper bestsellers, these figures increase dramatically. For example, the Harry Potter book series has sold over 450 million copies. Thattrees! Upon viewing these figures, it is not hard to grasp the severe impact of printed books on the environment. Sincee-readers use no trees, they represent a significant amount of preservation in terms of the environment and its resources.Finally, e-readers provide helpful reading tips and tools that printed books do not. The typical e-reader allows itsuser to adjust letter size, letterform and line spacing. It also allows highlighting and electronic bookmarking.Furthermore, it grants users the ability to get an overview of a book and then jump to a specific location based onthat overview. While these are all nice features, perhaps the most helpful of all is the ability to get dictionary definitionsat the touch of a finger. On even the most basic e-reader, users can find instant definitions without having to hunt througha physical dictionary.It can be seen that e-readers are superior to printed books. They save space, are environmentally friendly and provide helpful reading tips and tools that printed books do not. So what good are printed books? Well, they certainlymake nice decorations.43. As used in paragraph 1, it can be inferred that has-beens, old- tim“ers, antiques, fossils are all w”ords that describesomething ____________.A. outdatedB. typicalC. meaningfulD. useless44. Based on information in the passage, it can be inferred that printed books of War and Peace and Anna Karenina areall ____________.A. superior and dramaticB. dense and environmentalC. awkward and heavyD. significant and resistant45. According to the author, which of the following reading tips and tools are offered by the e-reader?①line spacing customization②the ability to quickly jump to the end of a book③access to a printed dictionary at the touch of a fingerA. ①and ②onlyB. ①and ③onlyC. ②and ③onlyD. ①, ②and ③46. Which of the following sentences from the passag e best summarizes the author ’s main point?A. “If you have some spare cash(the going rate is about $89)and are looking to enhance your reading experience,then I highly suggest you consider purchasing an e- reader. ”B. “-E r eaders are replacing the books of old, and I welcome them with open arms (as you should) ．”C. “An-reeader is a device that allows you to read e-books. An e-book is a book-length publication in digital form,consisting of text, images, or both, and produced on, published through, and readable on computers or other electronic devices. ”D. “E-readers are superior to printed books because they save space, are environmentally friendly, and providehelpful reading tips and tools that printed books do not. ”Section CDirections:Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. This phenomenon is often missing from development projects promoted as green or sustainable.B. This phenomenon has variously been called environmental, eco-or green gentrification.C. Greening and environmental cleanup do not automatically or necessarily lead to gentrification.D. This creates pressure to rezone industrial land for residential towers or profitable commercial space, in exchange for developer-funded cleanup.E. But it can drive up real estate prices and displace low- and middle-income residents.F. Environmental gentrification naturalizes the disappearance of manufacturing and the working class.Sustainable Cities Need More Than Parks, Cafes and a RiverwalkThere are many standards that aim to rank how green cities are. But what does it actually mean for a city to be greenor sustainable?We’vewritten about what we call the “parks,cafes and a riverwalk m”odel of sustainability, which focuses on providing new green spaces, mainly for high-income people. This vision of shiny residential towers and waterfront parkshas become a widely-shared conception of what green cities should look like. 67Gentrification( 住宅高档化) has become a catch-all term used to describe neighborhood change, and is often misunderstood as the only path to neighborhood improvement. In fact, its defining feature is displacement. Typically,people who move into these changing neighborhoods are wealthier and more educated than residents who are displaced.A recent flood of new research has focused on the displacement effects of environmental cleanup and green space initiatives. 68Land for new development and resources to fund extensive cleanup of poisonous sites are scarce in many cities.69 And in neighborhoods where gentrification has already begun, a new park or farmers market can worsen the problem by making the area even more attractive to potential high-income people and pricing out long-term residents. In some cases, developers even create temporary community gardens or farmers markets or promise more green space than they eventually deliver, in order to market a neighborhood to buyers looking for green pleasantness.70 It makes deindustrialization seem both inevitable and desirable, often by quite literally replacing industrywith more natural-looking landscapes. When these neighborhoods are finally cleaned up, after years of activism by longtime residents, those advocates often are unable to stay and enjoy the benefits of their efforts.IV. Summary Writing47. Directions : Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no morethan 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.DesertificationDesertification is one of the world ’s most alarming processes of environmental（de退g化r ad）ati.oTnhe issue is often unclear, however, by a common misperception: that it ’as“natural pr”oblem of advancing deserts in faraway developing countries. In fact, desertification is about land degradation: the loss of the land ’bsiological productivity, caused by man-made factors and climate change.Each year, desertification and drought cause an estimated $42 billion in lost agricultural production. The risks of desertification are sufficient and clear. It contributes to food insecurity, hunger and poverty, and can give rise to social, economic and political tensions that can cause conflicts, further poverty and land degradation. The great urgency of this challenge led the United Nations General Assembly to state 2006 to be the International Year of Deserts and Desertification (IYDD). It is a strong reminder of the urgent need to address the far-reaching implications of this problem. United Nations General Secretary recently summarizes in this way: “I look forward to working with Governmensociety, the private section, international organizations and others to focus attention on this crucial issue, and to reversethe trend of desertification and set the world on a safer, more sustainable path ofdevelopment. ”The IYDD also presents a golden opportunity to get the message across strongly and effectively that desertification isa global problem which we ignore at our risk. It is important to recognize that dry-lands are home to some of the most magnificent ecosystems of this world. These unique natural habitats have been home to some of the world ’osldest civilizations. They stand like open-air museums, bearing witness to bygone eras. The Year will therefore also celebrate第II 卷（共40 分）V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.48. 公众捐助为灾民们重建家园奠定了基础。

长宁区2018学年第二学期教学质量检测高三英语试卷2019.04 考生注意:1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。

2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写( 非选择题)在答题纸上,做在试卷上律不得分。

3. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and' the questions will be spoken only once, After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Teacher and student.B. Father and daughter.C. Manager and secretary.D. Customer and shop assistant.2. A. In a museum. B. In a taxi.C. On a bus.D. On a bridge.3. A. Get into the car.B. Carry the bags.C. Hurry to drive the car.D. Search for the bags.4. A. Reading newspapers.B. Writing up local news.C. Talking about sports.D. Putting up advertisements.5. A. She will have coffee at school.B. She will stay for breakfast.C. She loves to grab a coffee on the way.D. She needs to eat before school.6. A. He partly agrees with the woman.B. He's missed an important point.C. He considers the woman competitive.D. He's wholly been lost in a colorful life.7. A. Mary must be caught in heavy traffic.B. Mary probably will not come.C. The woman was obviously not fond of Mary.D. The woman forgot to tell Mary to come.8. A.The tennis game won't last 1ong.B. Weather forecasts are not reliable.C. They could stick to their plan.D. They'd better change their mind.9. A. Stay till tomorrow evening.B. Leave for Beijing with Jack.C. Go to the airport after work.D. Ask someone else for help.10.A. The man doesn't like his new suit.B. The new suit is a reminder for the man.C. The new suit doesn't fit the man.D. The man forgets to wear his new suit.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear several longer conversation(s) and short passage(s), and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). The conversation(s) and the passage(s) will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following speech.11. A. Educators from South Africa.B. Teenagers fond of cooking.C. Students eager to make friends.D. Photographers around the world.12. A. Brainstorming ideas in one s group first.B. Avoiding using cooking oil.C. Sending a sample dish before May.D. Creating one's own dish.,13. A. To announce a cook competition.B. To start a cook festival on campus.C. To advertise a local cook course.D. To organize a cook show in South Africa.Questions 14 through 17 are based on the following passage.14. A. Guitarists are vital to a pop group.B. Guitar tutors aren't difficult to find.C. Guitar players have more chances to travel.D. Beginners don' t make noise with the guitar.15.A. About 60 years.B. About 500 years.C. About 1000 years.D. About 2000 years.16.A. Indians played the lute with a bowB. The guitar originated in Spain.C. The sitar took root in British music.D. The Beatles relied a lot on the brass.17.A. Reasons for the popularity of the guitar.B. Some interesting facts about the guitar.C. Various kinds of guitars in the world.D. Stories of some famous guitar players.Questions 18 through 20 are based on the following conversation.18.A. It sells things from ancient Egypt.B. It looks like an Egyptian giant.C. It brings a feel of a different world.D. It offers a wide range of cheeses.19.A. Produced by the department store itself.B. Supplied by a nearby small town.C. Collected from the outside of the building.D. Obtained from the numerous light bulbs.20.A. Customers spend €1.5 m illion or so per day.B. Around 30.000 customers come per day.C. There is a big increase in customers and sales.D. Customer flow and sales are quite unsteady.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After I reading the I passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.To any soldierI served as a second lieutenant (少尉) in a war thirty years ago. Married for only a year and a half, I missed my wife and baby daughter a lot. In the years before cell phones and Wi-Fi, we had limited opportunities (21)________(communicate) with loved ones.One night while sitting by myself, I investigated the Any Soldier mailbox, a cardboard box with letters and packages from Americans. I chose one shoebox-size package. Inside I found about 20 greeting cards (22)________ children. At the bottom was a letter written by their teacher (23)________(explain) how her kids had put the box together and how they supported our efforts in the war. Truly touched at that very moment by this gesture, I decided to write a letter of gratitude. I thanked the teacher for (24)________ her children had done its impact on my patriotism, my morale, and, (25)________ (significantly), my uplifted faith. For security reasons, I was able to sign only my name.Around 2013, I received a Facebook friend request from a woman with (26)________ I shared no contacts.I replied that (27)________ we were friends, I could not accept her request. She responded with one question: Are you Second Lieutenant Bartholomew?" I replied that I had been at one time.“Dear sir, she wrote. We have never met. but thir ty years ago I was a second-grade teacher at a school in Ohio and our classroom sent a care package (28)________ (address) to ‘Any Service Member.' The thank-you letter you composed was framed and it (29)________ (post) on the wall of the school for more thans20 years. I wanted to again thank you for your service to our country.”We never spoke again, but this gracious teacher strengthened my belief in doing what my mother always taught me: Write thank. you notes (30)________ never know how many people your kindness can touch.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A. accountedB. commonlyC. definedD. determineE. eliminationF. emergencyG. infectiousH. potentialI. previously J. suspected K. symptomsMeasles (麻疹) breaks out in the NorthwestThe U.S. is experiencing outbreaks of measles, a disease it had declared eliminated years ago, largely due to a drop in vaccination (接种疫苗) rates in some communities.An outbreak in Washington state has sickened 23 people this month, mostly children under 10. Local health officials in Clark County, declared a public-health (31)________ on Friday. They also urged residents to track (32)________ symptoms and call ahead before heading to medical centers.State officials announced the (33)________ of measles from. the U.$. in 2000 thanks to a widespread vaccination program. But travelers entering the country with measles, as well asdropping vaccination rates in some states in recent years, has led to a rise in infection. Last year, there were a total of 17 outbreaks, (34)________, as three or more cases linked together, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. New York and New Jersey (35)________ for roughly half of the 2018 cases. The Clark County outbreak began early last week with three confirmed cases and has since grown to 23 confirmed and two more_ 36_. Of those cases, 20 were unvaccinated and the others are unconfirmed.Measles is highly (37)________ the virus spreads through the ,air by coughing or sneezing, the CDC says. Early (38)________ include a high fever, cough, runny nose and red, watery eyes, followed by tiny, white spots inside the mouth and the red, bumpy rash (疹子) that people (39)________ associate with the infection. Children younger than 5 or adults older than 20 are more likely to suffer from complications, according to the CDC.In order to prevent the further spread of the outbreak, local health officials are posting times and places where residents may have been exposed. They are urging residents who. haven 't been vaccinated to (40)________ whether they have been exposed and to take appropriate action.II. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Keeping it in the familyYou understand grandmother when she talks to you, don't you, darling? The girl nods. I met her, her Japanese mother and English father on a plane to Japan. The parents were eager to (41)________ their experience of bringing up their daughter bilingually (使用双语地) in London It isn't easy: the husband does not speak Japanese, so the child hears the language only from her mother, who has come to (42)________ that the girl will reply in English. This can be painful! Not sharing your first language with loved ones is hard. Not passing it onto your own child can be especially tough. Many immigrant parents feel a sense of (43)________Children learn languages easily, but this doesn't mean that (44)________ exposure is enough. They must hear a language quite a bit to understand it- -and use it often to be able to speak it comfortably. This is mental work,and a child who doesn’t have an intention to speak a language will often avoid it. So languages often die when parents move abroad. In the past, governments discouraged immigrant families from keeping their languages.These days, officials tend to be (45)________: some even see a valuable resource in immigrants language abilities.Yet many factors ensure that children still lose their parents languages, or never learn them. A big one is institutional (46)________. A child's time spent with a second language is time not spent on their first. So teachers often discourage parents from speaking their languages to their children. Parents often (47)________ obey, worried about their children education. This is a(n) (48)________ for children really can master two languages or even more. Research does indeed suggest their vocabulary in each language may be somewhat smaller for a while,but other studies hint at intellectual advantages among bilinguals. They may be more skillful at complex tasks,better at maintaining attention.Even without those side effects, (49)________,a bilingual child's connection to another culture is a good thing in itself. How to (50)________? When both parents share the nativelanguage, the strategy is often to speak that at home,' and the national language outside. But when they have (51)________ languages. perhaps the most common approach is “one parent, one language”. Francois Grosjean, a lan guage expert from Switzerland, (52)________ the necessity. He recommends reserving occasions on which the only language that may be spoken is the one that needs (53)________. Sabine Little, a language expert at the University of Sheffield, puts the emphasis elsewhere.Making the native language yet another task (54)________ by parents can lead to rejection, she argues. She recommends letting the child form their own (55)________ I connection to the language, for languages are not just another thing to be drilled into a young mind, but a matter of the heart.41. A. conceal B. publicize C.discuss D.imagine42. A. accept B. argue C. decide D. ensure43. A. excitement B. inferiority C. failure D. injustice44. A. momentary B. maximum C. repeated D. continued45. A less stimulated B. less controlling C. more relieved D. more discouraging46. A. engagement B. feature C. prejudice D. pressure47. A. cheerfully B. faithfully C. immediately D. reluctantly48. A. instance B. shame C. ambition D. suggestion49. A. though B. hence C. besides D. otherwise50. A. keep it up B. carry it on C. figure it out D. bring it about51. A. multiple B. different C. foreign D. target52. A. removes B. challenges C. emphasizes D. ignores53. A. preservation B. restriction C. rejection D. connection54. A. performed B. imposed C. shared D. recommended55. A. skillful B. powerful C. apparent D. emotionalSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements., For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.-(A)The bus screamed to_ a stop in Nazareth. Israel. Five Australian backpackers boarded and struck up a conversation with me. They asked typical travelers questions -where was I going and why was I traveling alone? My plan was to travel with a friend of a friend, I explained, but when I called her that morning, she didn't pick up and I had no other way to reach her. My stomach was in knots, but I decided to head out anyway, thinking I might run into her if I traveled to Tiberius, where we had planned to go together.Why don't you travel with us?" one of the backpackers offered. They were experienced adventurers who would work for a few months, save, then travel for as long as they could. Their current plan was to explore the Middle East and Europe in three months while working in London.It seemed risky to travel with strangers, but my instinct said yes. For the next two weeks, I explored Israel with the backpackers and learned to trust my instincts in all types of new and interesting situations. When they hook a ride, I took the bus, but when they wanted to steal intothe King David Hotel's swimming pool, I led the way. The world opened up to me because I chose to travel alone. I joined complete strangers, who become close friends. Years later, one couple from the backpacking group even flew from Sydney to Phoenix to be in my wedding. The trip was such a special experience that it gave me confidence in all areas of my life. Since then, I've backpacked alone across South Africa, sky-dived from 12,000 feet in New Zealand and even moved across the U.S. with no job Lined up.On my third day wandering in Israel with my new friends, I bumped into the woman I was supposed to meet. Though I was happy she was all right, I was grateful she hadn't picked up the phone.56. By "My stomach was in knots" (in paragraph 1), the author most likely means that she was________.A. sick of riding on a bumpy busB. nervous of meeting strangersC. upset about the sudden changeD. sorry 'about the impractical plan57. Which of the following best describes the backpackers the author met?A. Courageous but disrespectful.B. Jobless and poorly educated.C. Warmhearted and trustworthy..D. Homeless but lighthearted.58. The author's sixth sense told her that ________.A. she would get along with the backpackersB. it might cause trouble to have a swimC. she ought to stay away from the backpackersD. it could add excitement to get a free ride59. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Most of the backpackers became the author's lifelong friends.B. The author gathered the courage to be a full time backpack traveler.C. The woman missed the phone call with the purpose of traveling alone.D. The author considered it the best decision of her life to travel on her own.(B)60. Alex wants to know how to ________.A. avoid uncertain terms in writingB. use tenses properly in one sentenceC. improve grammatical skillsD. focus on clear and short sentences61. Diana reminds Rajiv that he will be severely criticized forA. tending to hold gender prejudiceB. breaking the law using Mr Men titlesfC. not characterizing enough professionsD. not running a project related to education62. Which of the following questions is not supposed to be asked if you email Diana?A. Is there a good market for traditional poems these days?B. Can you possibly evaluate my recently written novel enclosed?C. Where can I get some instructive books on writing for my son?D. How can I write an appropriate acknowledgement for my book?CStudies show that older people tend to remember the positive things in life rather than the negative things,while younger people remember the positive and negative equally well. The dominant psychological theory to explain this is that older people are aware of their limited time left, so they prioritize positive emotional experiences. But about a decade ago, I worked with biologist Robert Trivers on his idea that there was an evolutionary basis for older people's increased positive outlook. Our research took us in the fascinating direction of exploring how the body uses its energy.When our ancestors needed more energy than usual, perhaps while being chased by a tiger, they had to get that energy from somewhere in the body. Could they borrow it from the brain? That organ uses 20 percent of our metabolic (新陈代谢) output, whether we are solving math problems or watching television reruns. Due to this constant energy requirement, borrowing energy from the brain when our need- surpasses the available supply is not an option. Perhaps we could borrow energy from our muscles. Because we use far more muscle energy when we are active than when at rest, in principle, we could borrow energy when we are sitting. But the problem is that most of the energy-demanding emergencies of our ancestors required a muscular response.There was no way to borrow energy from our muscles during an emergency because relaxing when a tiger showed up was not an effective response. This brings us to our immune system, which, when strong, protects us from many illnesses and diseases. Like the brain, the immune system works at great metabolic cost, but largely in the service of keeping us healthy, in the future. We have. an enormous number of immune cells coursing through our body, a momentary break from production is fine. So. when our body needs extra energy,one of the places it goes is our immune function. When you're being chased by a tiger, you don’t need to waste energy making immune cells to fight off tomorrow's cold. What you need is to shift all available energy resources to your legs, with the hope that you will live to experience another cough or sneeze.As a result, our immune system evolved to run in maximum amounts when we re happy, but to slowdown dramatically when we re not. With this background in mind, Trivers supposed that older people evolved a strategy of turning this relationship on its head, becoming morefocused on the positive things in life in an effort to enhance their immune. functioning. This was helped along by their knowing much more about the world than younger adults, so they can deal with some of the unpleasant things in life more easily.63. According to Robert Trivers, when our body needs extra energy, ________A. muscles will respond to it by relaxing a little bitB. organs will speed up metabolic processes to answer itC. immune system will temporarily shut down to fulfill itD. brain will satisfy it by sharing optional metabolic output64.In paragraph 3 “this relationship" most probably refers to the one between ________A. experiences and related knowledgeB. happiness and biological evolutionC. immune function and healthD. optimism and length of life65. What can be concluded from Robert Trivers study?A. Younger people adopt strategies of handling tense situations from everyday life.B. Our ancestors evolved their immune systems in fighting against fierce animals.C. Realizing that their days are numbered, older people prefer being positive.D. Being negative drains energy from our body, lowering resistance to disease.66. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Brain, muscles and immune systemB. Age, health and happinessC. Ancestors, emergency and evolutionD. Energy, effort and responseSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Spacewalk!Most people don't know that the anniversary of an important event in space exploration occurred last month. On March 18, 1965, spaceman Aleksi Leonov became the first human to complete an Extra Vehicular Activity (EV A) or spacewalk It marked the first time that a human was able to leave a spacecraft and operate in the emptiness of space. It is a dangerous procedure,but one that is vital for the success of manned space missions.(67)__________ In space, a spacesuit must protect people from extreme cold and heat, provide air to breathe, and remove extra carbon dioxide._ 68_ Too much of it, and the spacesuit becomes firm and difficult to move in. Too little of it, and astronauts can become dangerously sick after returning to their spacecraft.Astronauts now perform complex jobs in the emptiness of space in modern spacesuits. They have logged many hours repairing and upgrading equipment on satellites: during EV As.(69)___________ On July 20h, 1969,American astronaut Neil Armstrong set foot on the moon for the first time. There is no atmosphere on the moon, but there is gravity- -about 17 percent of Earth's, which means Neil needed a special suit for walking on the moon's surface. Suits for the moon are equipped for exploration far from any. vehicles, including tough boots that can resist cuts from the rough surface while walking. But sharp rocks weren't the only danger to astronauts.The moon surface is covered with a fine and flour-like dust which consists of small particles (颗粒) leftover from the numerous. meteorite RMB) strikes on the moon.(70)__________. When astronauts would leave the moon's gravity, the dust on their suits began floating all over. It got into delicate equipment inside the spacecraft and the astronaut's eyes and lungs. As different space agencies plan for returning people to the moon, new EV A suit designs will have to take something else into account. Keeping astronauts safe also means keeping their suits clean.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Holding Parents Responsible -An Unfair PunishmentThe rise in teen crime suggests. that some parents are failing at their parental tasks. To correct the problem,lawmakers in some states require parents to serve jail time. They hope that this punishment will motivate parents to take their responsibilities seriously.Despite public support for parental responsibility laws, many people think that the laws are unfair. They suggest that parents should not be punished for the criminal acts of their children, unless it can be shown there is a related fault on the parents part. For example, if young teenagers. are arrested for drinking alcohol supplied by parents, then parents should be held responsible because they helped the teenagers break the law.People who oppose parental responsibility laws -also believe that punishing parents is unlikely to create a change in the kids behavior. These people argue that parents may not be at fault. The children of good parents can fall in with the wrong kids and get into trouble, they say. Worse yet, if mom is in jail, there may be no one at all to control her kid.That lack of control may then lead to more crime,/The unfortunate fact is that jailing a mom ,or dad punishes the rest of the family. The jailed parent can not work to help feed the family or pay the rent. A parent who is sent to jail for the crimes of a teenager may also be fired from a job for missing too much work. Furthermore, little evidence exists to support the idea that the threat of punishment improves a parents ability to control a teenager. The problem is that some teens cannot be controlled by their parents, even if the parents try hard to control them. These struggling parents are not ignoring their parental responsibilities. Opponents of parental responsibility laws say that parents who are in this situationneed help, not a jail sentence.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 窃贼一定是深夜时从窗户逃出去的。