中国法律体系用语翻译(汉英对照)

5.方茴说："那时候我们不说爱，爱是多么遥远、多么沉重的字眼啊。

我们只说喜欢，就算喜欢也是偷偷摸摸的。

"6.方茴说："我觉得之所以说相见不如怀念，是因为相见只能让人在现实面前无奈地哀悼伤痛，而怀念却可以把已经注定的谎言变成童话。

"1."噢，居然有土龙肉，给我一块！"2.老人们都笑了，自巨石上起身。

而那些身材健壮如虎的成年人则是一阵笑骂，数落着自己的孩子，拎着骨棒与阔剑也快步向自家中走去。

案件 case案件受理费 litigation fee案由 nature of case 颁布 issue颁布 promulgate 办案 handle a case 办理 deal with包庇罪 crime of concealing the murder 保税区 bonded area 保险法 insurance law保险凭证 insurance certificate 保证 warranty 保证 guarantee 保证金 bail 保证金 margins 保证金帐户 margin account 保证人，担保人 guarantor 保证书 indemnity保证书 covenant of warranty 保证条款 warranty保值利率 inflation-proof interest rate 被裁定为 be adjudged to be 从重处罚 heavier punishment 从重处罚 severe punishment存款机构 deposit-taking institution 挫折 frustration 措词 worded错漏 error|mistake 答复 Reply 批复 Reply打官司 initiate legal proceeding 打击 struggle against打假 crack down on counterfeit goods 打假办 Office of Cracking down on Fake Products大厂回族自治县 Dachang Hui Nationality Autonomous Region 大股 substantial shareholder大股东控权人 majority shareholder controller大化瑶族自治县 Dahua Yao Nationality Autonomous County 大连市 Daliang Municipality 大律师 barrister大律师的收费 counsel's fees 大律师登记册 roll of baristers 大律师公会 Hong Kong Bar Association大律师见习职位 pupillage 被陈述人 representee被告人辨解 statement of the defendant驳回 dismiss 驳回 reject 驳回上诉 reject an appeal补偿报酬 compensatory payment 不具有法律效力 null 不具有法律效力 void不履行合同 breach of contract 不履行合约 repudiation of the contract不名誉的行为及手法 dishonourable conduct and practices不能成立 unable to establish 不时frequently不予支持 unassisted 不作为 omission财产分割 properties division 财产所有权 property right 裁定 ruling 裁定 order产权制度 property order 产权关系 property relations 撤消并发回给 reversed and remanded to the original court 陈述 state 承担 assume承担责任 to be responsible for 承典人 pledgee 承典人 pawnee 承认 confess城市住宅局 City House Bureau 出典人 pledgor 出典人 pawnor出口退税制度 the system ofrefunding taxes on exported goods 出口押汇 bill purchased出资比例 ratio of investments 处罚 penalty 触犯 violate传销 pyramid selling 串通 collaborate从宽处理 lenient punishment, liberal punishment从轻处罚 lesser punishment 从轻处罚 lighter punishment从轻处罚 impose a lenient sentence 从轻原则 the principle of lighter punishment 从事 commit大律师名册 panels of counsels 大律师事务所 barristers' chambers, chambers of counsel大律师书记 barrister's clerk 律师行业 the practice of law 大批 bulk代理检察员 acting prosecutor 代理人 agent代理审判员 acting judge代通知金 payment in lieu of notice 代销 sales by proxy丹东市 Dandong Municipality 丹阳市 Danyang Municipality 单位 entity unit单务合同 unilateral contract5.方茴说："那时候我们不说爱，爱是多么遥远、多么沉重的字眼啊。

汉英法律专业词汇(法理、法制史、宪法学、民商法学、经济法学、刑法学、行政法学)!!法学理论、法制史、宪法学Jurisprudence, History of Legal Systems and Constitution按照法律规定according to law按照确定的份额分享权力:be entitled to rights in proportion to his pr oper share of the credit按照确定的份额分担义务:assume obligations in proportion to his prope r share of the debt案例教学法case system案例汇编case book; case report; law report柏拉图 Plato《保护人权与基本自由公约》(1950) Convention for the Protection of Hu man Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, 1950 （罗）被视为be deemed as被宣布为非法be outlawed; be declared illegal比较法comparative law比较法学comparative jurisprudence比较法学派school of comparative jurisprudence比较法制史 comparative legal history比较分析法method of comparative analysis比较刑法comparative penal law比较刑法学comparative penal jurisprudence必然因果关系positive causal relationship边缘法学borderline jurisprudence变通办法adaptation; accommodation补充规定supplementary provision补救办法remedial measures不成文法unwritten law不成文宪法unwritten constitution不动产所在地法律 law of the place where the real property is situate d; lex loci rei immobilisci不可分割的权利impartible right不可抗力 force majuere不可侵犯性inviolability不可让与性inalienability不履行法律义务non-performance of obligation不要式行为informal act不要因的法律行为non-causal juristic act不因实效而丧失的权利imprescriptible right不作为abstain from an act; act of omission部门法department law部门规章regulation参照 consult参照具体情况 in the light of actual conditions参照原文 consult the original查士丁尼法典 Code Justinian; Codex Justinianus查士丁尼法规汇编 Authenticum超出法律范围的 outside of law超出法律权限的 extralegal超过权限 exceed authority; beyond jurisdiction成文法 written law成文宪法 written constitution冲突法 conflict of laws; rules of conflict冲突规则 conflict rule; rule of conflict除（本法）另有规定外 except for otherwise stipulated (by this law)除外条款 provisory clause除外责任条款 exclusion clause触犯公共利益 encroach on the public interests触犯国际利益go against the state’s interests触犯人民利益 encroach on the interests of the people; go against the people’s interests传统法律观念 traditional ideas of law纯粹法学 pure theory of law次要法规 by law次要规则 secondary rule从宽解释原则 doctrine of liberal construction从权利 accessory right达到法定年龄 come of age大法 the fundamental law大法官 Lord High Chancellor大法官法院Court of Chancery大陆法系 Continental Legal System大律师 barrister《大明律》Criminal Law of the Ming Dynasty （中）大陪审团 grand jury《大清律例》the Criminal Laws of the Qing Dynasty (中)《大宪章》(1215) Great Charter, 1215(英)单行法规 specific regulations单一法律体系 unitary legal system单一制政府 unitary government但书 proviso当代法学动向current trend of jurisprudence当然解释 natural interpretation党纪国法party discipline and the law of the country道德规范norm of morality道德义务 moral obligation《德国民法典》German Civil code德拉古 Draco地方各级人民代表大会local people’s congresses at different levels地方各级人民法院local people’s courts at different levels地方各级人民检察院local people’s procuratorates at different levels 地方各级人民政府local people’s governments at different levels第二读 second reading第三读 third reading二元论the dualistic theory二元君主立宪制 dual constitutional monarchy system二元论 the dualistic theory二元论者dualist二元制 bicameral system法的本质 the nature of law法的变化changes of law法的定义definition of law法的发展development of law法的分类 divisions of law法的概念concepts of law法的规范作用normalized usage of law法的继承succession of law法的精神 spirit of law法的可预测性foreseeability of law法的类型types of law法的历史类型的更替 the replacement of one historical mode of law byanother法的历史渊源 historical origin of law法的连续性continuity of law法的内容contexts of law法的社会作用 social usage of law法的生效operation of law法的实现realization of law法的特征character of law法的现象legal phenomenon法的消亡 withering away of law法的形式渊源formal source of law法的要素elements of law法的渊源source of law法的职能function of law法的作用role of law法典code; statute book法典编纂 codification of codes法定成年人的年龄age of majority; legal age 法定程序legal procedure法定处罚statutory penalty法定代理人: agent ad litem法定解释statutory interpretation法定量刑情节 legally prescribed circumstances of sentencing法定年龄 legal age; lawful age法定年龄限制 a statutory age limit法定期间 prescribed time法定期限 legal term法定权利 legal right; right entitled by law法定权限 limits of power prescribed by law法定人数 quorum法定日 appointed day法定时间 appointed time法定时效 statutory prescription法定条件 legal condition法定限制 statutory restrictions法定效力 statutory force法定刑 legally-prescribed punishment法定形式 legal form法定责任 statutory duty法定追溯期 time of legal memory法定最高刑 maximum statutory penalty; maximum statutory sentence 法官 judge法官的自由裁量权judge’s power of discretion法官权力范围extent of judge’s power法官心证judge’s mental impression法官中立原则 Nemo debt esse judex in propria causa法规编纂 condification of laws and regulations法规的解释 interpretation of statutes法规汇编 corpus of the laws and regulations《法国民法典》Code Civile de Francais (法)法理 jurisprudence; principle of law法理学家 jurisprudent法律保护 legal protection法律编纂 codification法律标准 legal standards法律补救 legal redress法律部门 legal department法律草案 draft regulations法律措施 legal measures法律大全 Corpus legum法律的本土化和改写 the localization and adaptiion of laws 法律的本质 essence of law法律的地位 position of law法律的定义 definition of law法律的废止 abolishment of law法律的公共秩序论 public order theory of law法律的规范性 normalization of law法律的继承 succession of law法律的理想ideal of law法律的权威 authority of law法律的失效lapse of law法律的实施administration of law; law enforcement 法律的适用application of law法律的统一 unification of law法律的推定 presumption of law法律的推理 analogy of law法律的完整性 integrity of law法律的效力范围force’s scale of law法律的效力形式force’s form of law法律的修改alteration of law法律的演进 evolutin of law法律的原理 principle of law法律地位平等equal in legal status法律对人的效力personal act of law编纂法律方法 legal methodology法律分类 classification of law法律赋予权力 authority conferred by law法律改革 law reform法律概念 legal concept法律根据 legal basis法律工作者 legal professional法律关系legal relation法律关系的运行 process of legal relation法律关系客体 object of legal relation法律关系主体 subject of legal relation法律规定provisions of law法律规范 norm of law法律规范的逻辑结构 logical structure of legal rule法律规则体系 system of legal rules法律含义 intendment of law法律另有规定therwise stipulated by law法律现象legal phenomenon法律研究legal research法律要件 legal requirement法律依据 legal basis法律意见 legal advice法律意见书 legal opinion法律意识 law-consciousness法律意义 legal sense法律用语 legal language法律与正义先验论 a prior theory of law and justice法律渊源 source of law法律原本注释 gloss法律原理 legal doctrines法律原则 principle of legality法律援助legal aid法律约束 legal binding; legal restraint法律责任 legal responsibility法律责任的道义基础 moral basic of legal obligation法律责任的归结 imputaton of legal responsibility法律责任的认定 determination of legal responsibility法律责任的执行 enforcement of legal responsibility法律责任客体 object of legal responsibility法律责任主体 subject of legal responsibility法律哲学 philosophy of law; philosophie du droit （法）；philosophiajuris法律政策 policy of the law法律职业道德 legal ethics法律指导 legal counsel法律制裁 legal sanction法律制度 regime of law; legal system法律秩序 legal order法律主体资格 capacity as a subject of law法律主张 proposition of law法律属地原则 territoriality of laws法律著述 legal literature法律专家 legal expert法律专业 legal profession法律专著和教科书 legal treatise and textbook 法律咨询 legal advice法律尊严 legal sanctity法盲 legal illiterates法权 right法社会学 sociology of law法系 legal system法协会 law society法学 jurisprudence法学博士 doctor of jurisprudence法学导论 leading principles of law法学的范畴体系 the system of categories of jurisprudence法学的范畴意识 the consciousness of category of jurisprudence 法学的基石范畴 fundamental categories of jurisprudence法学方法 method of jurisprudence法学方法论 methodology of jurisprudence法学会 law society法学教科书 law textbooks法学理论 theory of law; legal theory法学权威 an academic authority in law法学士 bachelor of law法学体系 system of jurisprudence法学通论 first principles of law法学院 faculty of law; law school法医 forensic medicine法医学 forensic medicine法院 court法院调查 judicial investigation法院管辖权 competence of court法院管辖以外的 extrajudicial法院判决 court decision法院系统 court structure法院组织法 judicature act法则 articles法哲学 philosophy of law法制legal institution法制传统 tradition of law system法制的精神 spirit of legality法制的尊严 dignity of the legal system法制观念 legal concept法制观念淡薄 very weak in the understanding of law 法制教育 legal education; education of legal system 法制史 legal history; history of legal system法治 rule of law法治的机制 the mechanism of rule of law法治的要素 the element of rule of law非实质的 immaterial非营利的 non-profit非约束性条款 permissive provision废止法律 annulment of law分别管辖权 separate jurisdiction分别财产制 separation of property regime分别规定 separate provision分担责任 share the responsibility分工负责，互相配合，互相制约 divide responsibility for their own wor k; coordinate their efforts and check each other分工负责制 division of labor responsibility system分级管理 different levels holding different responsibilities分配制度 distribution system分析法理学 analytical jurisprudence否决权 power veto; veto power否认事实 denial of facts服从法律 amenable to law; subject to the law服从判决 accept a judgment符合程序 be in order符合法律 be in conformity with law符合宪法 constitutionality符合宪法的法律 constitutional law符合原则 be in conformity with the principle盖尤斯 Gaius概括裁定 general verdict概括继承 general succession干扰司法公正 interference with course of justice刚性条款 entrenched clause刚性宪法 rigid constitution岗位责任制 post responsibility system高等法院 high court; high court of justice高度集中 highly centralize高度民主 high level of democracy高度自治权 high degree of autonomy高级法官 senior judge高级法院superior court高级人民法院Higher People’s Court高级人民检察院Higher People’s Procuratortate搁置 set aside; abeyance格式条款 clause of style公认的行为准则 established standard of conduct规避法律 in fraud of law规避义务 evade obligations规范的法律规则 normative rule of law规范法学 normative jurisprudence规范性法律文件 normalizative document of law规范性法律文件的规范化 normalization of normative legal document 国际法international law国际法学 international jurisprudence过错方 tort-feasor; wrongdoer过错推定原则 doctrine of presumption过错责任 liability for wrongs; tort liability海事法院 court of admiralty《汉穆拉比法典》 Code of Hammurabi合并条款 consolidation of provisions合法的个人财产 legal personal property合法地位 legal status合法权益 the lawful rights and interests合法行为 lawful acts; legality of purpose合宪性 constitutionality衡平法 equity衡平法规则 rule of equity衡平法学 equity jurisprudence衡平法院 Court of Chancery (美)；Court of Equity （英）后法取代前法 A later statute takes away the effect of a prior one. 后法优于前法 lex posterior derogat priori户籍所在地:the place where his residence is registered互为因果 reciprocal causation基本法 fundamental law基本法律规范 basic norm of law基本方针 basic policies基本权利和义务 basic rights and duties基本司法概念和假设 basic legal conception and assumption技术性法规 technical legal rule家庭法 family law建立法律关系create legal relations教会法 canon law《教会法大全》Corpus Juris Canonici教会法学家 decretalists解释法律的技术规则 technical rule of interpretation 解释权 power of interpretation近因 immediate cause禁治产人 imbecile; interdicted person经常居住地:habitual residence经法律确认的 ascertained by law经法律许可 authorized by law经验法学 scholastic theories of law纠问式审判 trial by inspection or examination具有法律约束力的文件 legally binding instrument具有同等效力的 with equal authenticity具有约束力的判例 binding precedent绝对衡平法 absolute equity君主立宪制度 constitutional monarchy开罗会议 Cairo Conference凯恩斯主义 keynesianism可撤销的法律行为 revocable juristic act可让与性 alienability可用法律强制执行的 enforceable at law可预见的 foreseeable可直接适用的法律 directly applicable law可追溯的 retrospective客观条件 objective condition客观因素 objective factor客体 object扩充解释 amplified interpretation理论法理学派 theoretical jurisprudence school 理性决定说 theory of rational decision理性认识 conceptual knowledge历史法学 historical jurisprudence历史法学派 historical school of law历史解释 historical interpretation立法机构legislative body立法权 law-making power; legislative power立法委任权 legislation mandate立法效力 legislative effect立法议案 bills立法者 law-maker; legislator立宪 constitutionalism利益冲突 conflict of interests利害关系人interested person连带法律关系 joint legal relations连带责任 joint and several obligation论理解释 logical interpretation罗马法Roman Law; Jus Romanum罗马法系 Roman-Law System罗马皇帝优士丁尼一世 Justinian I罗马法理学 jurisprudential《罗马法律汇编》Roman Digest罗马法学派 school of Romanists罗马－日耳曼法系 Roman-Germanic family罗马私法 Jus Privatum逻辑解释 logical interpretation马伯里诉麦迪逊案 Marbury vs. Madison马克思主义法律理论 Marxism-leninism马克思主义法学 Marxist jurisprudence马克思主义法学家 Marxist jurist没有事实根据的 unsubstantial美国国际法协会 American Institute of International Law 美国海事法庭 Admiralty Courts of the U.S.A.美国联邦地区法院 United States district courts美国联邦法官 federal judge没有法律依据的 lawless没有判决先例的案件 case of first impression《民法大全》Corpus Juris Civilis民法典 civil code民法法系Civil-Law System民法通则: General Principles of the Civil Law民法学 science of civil law民事案件中“占有优势证据”的原则“by a preponderance of evidence” in civil cases民事权利能力:the capacity for civil rights民事权益:civil rights and interests民事诉讼法学 Civil Procedure Law民事制裁 civil punishment; civil sanction民政部门:the civil affairs department明代法规 laws and regulations of Ming Dynasty明示或默示的 express or implied默示表达 communication by implication拿破仑法典The Code Napolean内部规章 internal regulations纳妾制 concubinage南京条约 (1843) Treaty of Nanking, 1843拟制理论 fiction theory拟制买卖 mancipatio欧洲大陆法 continental law偶然权利 contingent right偶然因果关系 fortuitous causal relationship 偶然因素 accidentalia偶因 accidental cause排他的权利 right to exclude all others派生的权利 derived right派生取得 derivative acquisition判例法系 Case Law System普通法法系 Common-Law System判例法系 Case Law System判例汇编 reports; reports of judgments普通法 common law普通法法系 Common-Law System普通法上的补偿 common-law remedy普通法上的过失 common-law negligence普通法上的留置权 common-law lien普通法学 general jurisprudence强制办法 coercive method强制规定 mandatory provisions强制性法规 mandatory rule of law强制性条款 mandatory term侵犯财产权 property torts侵权行为法 tort law侵权责任 tortious liability清理法规 check up laws and regulations区域性法律体系 regional system of laws取证 obtain evidence确权之诉 affirmative petitory action; cause for ownership affirmatio n确认之诉 action for confirmation; actio confessoria权威解释 authentic interpretation人法 human law, statute personalia人格减等 capitis deminutio人身不可侵犯 inviolability of the person人身非财产关系 personal non-property relations人身关系 personal relation任意解释 arbitrary interpretation《日耳曼法》Germanic law柔性宪法 flexible constitution三权分立 separation of powers善意推定 presumption of good faith商法 commercial law商法典 code of commerce社会法学 sociological jurisprudence社会关系 social relations社会规范 social regulation社会连带主义法学 social solidarism jurisprudence社会契约论 theory of social contract社会团体:social organization社会主义法学 socialist jurisprudence社会主义法制 socialist legal system; socialist rule of law 神法 divine law神权说 theory of divine right审查制度 censorship; inspection system审计监督 supervise through auditing审计监督权 power to supervise through auditing生效条款 operative clause失效法律 expired laws失效日 expiry date施行细则 implementary provisions实证主义法学派 the positivist school《十二表法》 Twelve Tables实体法 material law; substantial law实体法上的抗辩 substantial defense实体权利 substantive right实用主义法学 judicial pragmaticism实在法 positive law实在法学 positive jurisprudence实在法学派 positivist实在主义法学 positivist jurisprudence实证法学 positive jurisprudence实质条款 material stipulation实质性的瑕疵 defect of substance实质性解释 material interpretation事实的推定 presumption of fact事业单位:institution适用法律 reference to the law; applicable law适用范围 area of application; sphere of application适用中国法律:be governed by the law of PRC (The law of PRC shall app ly to)溯及既往原则 doctrine of retroactivity溯及力 retrospect; retrospective effect损害赔偿 damages梭伦 Solon弹性宪法 elastic constitution特别程序 special procedure特别但书 special proviso特别法 special law特殊主体 special subject提案motion; overture; proposal提出抗辩 raise a plea; raise a plead条约法 law of treaties同态复仇 retaliation推定合法presumption of legality停止生效cease to have effect外国法 foreign law外国法制史 foreign legal history外国人待遇 foreigner treatment完全民事权利能力:full capacity for civil conduct完全丧失行为能力的人 person entirely incapable of legal transaction 完全无行为能力 absolute disability万民法 jus gentium违法构成要件 essential condition of delict违宪 violation of constitution乌尔比安 Ulpianus无国籍人:stateless persons无条件解释 unconditional interpretation无效的法律 void law无效法律行为 void act; act without legal effect物权 property西塞罗 Marcus Tullius Cicero习惯法custom law细则 detailed rules and regulations; details by-laws 狭义解释 narrow definition下文另有规定者除外 except as hereinafter provided先决条件 precedent condition; prerequisite现实主义法学 realism jurisprudence现行法律 current law; existing law限制解释 restrictive interpretation宪法的解释 interpretation of constitution宪法修正案 constitution amendment宪法学 constitutional jurisprudence相对主义法学 relativist jurisprudence新分析法学 new analytical jurisprudence新律 New Law , Novellae行为规范 code of conduct学说编纂 the Pandekta形式主义法学 formalist jurisprudence亚里士多德 Aristotle严格解释 strict interpretation严重不法行为 aggravated misconduct; gross misbehavior严重违法 break the law on a serious scale要件 important condition; essential condition一般客体 general object一般权利能力 general legal capacity一般主体 general subject一事不再理的保证 guarantee against double jeorpardy依法办案 handle cases according to law依法独立行使职权 independent exercise of powers within the framework of the law依照法律的规定 as prescribed by law以法律为准绳 take law as the criterion依法治国 genuine rule of law; running the country according to law义务性规范 obligatory rule义务主体 subject of duty英美法系 Anglo-American Legal System永恒法 eternal law优士丁尼法典 the Codex Justinianus优士丁尼皇帝 Justinian《优士丁尼民法大全》（《国法大全》）Corpus Juris Civilis有法必依 ensure that laws are observed有法律约束力 legally binding有条件解释 conditional interpretation有效期间 time of effect; term of validity与法律规定不符 against the forms of the statute与法律相抵触的行为act going against the law域外效力 extraterritorial effect援引法律条文 invoke a legal provision（古罗马的）元老院 the Senate约束力 binding; binding effect在法律的范围内 within the law暂行条例interim regulations; provisional regulation 整体法学 integrative jurisprudence正当权益 justified rights; legitimate interests正式解释 official interpretation正式渊源 formal source政法学院 institute of political science and law知法犯法 deliberately break the law执法必严ensure that law’s enforcement be strict执法人员 law enforcement officials执行权 enforcement power直接故意 actual intent; direct intent直接后果 immediate consequence直接客体 direct object直接主体 direct subject制定法 statute制宪权constituent power治外法权 extraterritoriality; extraterritorial jurisdiction中端时效 interrupt the running of the statute of limitation中国大陆的法律law of China’s mainland中国法制 Chinese legal system中国法制史 Chinese legal history中国特色的社会主义法制 socialist legal system with Chinese character中华法系 Chinese legal system《中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法》the Basic law of Hong Kong Spe cial Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China主要法律体系principal legal system自然法 natural law自然法学派 natural law school组成合议庭开庭审理:form a collegial panel to conduct the trial最高国家权力机关 highest organ of state power最高人民法院的解释 interpretati on of supreme people’s court遵循先例原则 The Doctrine of Stare汉英法律专业词汇（民商法学、经济法学）民商法学、经济法学Civil Laws, Commercial Laws and Economic Laws按照出资比例:in proportion to one’s respective contributions to the investment办理注销登记:cancel the registration被代理人:the principal被侵权人 the infringed本人名义:in one’s name标的subject matter补偿制度compensation system不动产登记制 Lot and Block System财产法 property law财产的添附 accretion of property; property accession财产抵押权 property mortgage财产继承权:the right of inheritance财产关系和人身关系:property relationships and personal relationships 财产管理人 property administrator; custodian of property财产混同 confusion; hotchpot财产留置权 encumbrance采用书面形式:in writing仓单 warehouse voucher草签合同 initial a contract; sign a referendum contract; ad referend um contract长期合同 long-term contract偿付能力 solvency capability of reimbursement超越代理权:beyond the scope of one’s power of agency撤消合同cancellation of contract撤销合同 cancel a contract; rescind a contract; avoid a contract撤销权 right of rescission; right of revocation撤销要约 revocation of offer; revoke an offer撤销遗赠 cancellation of will; revocationi of will承运人 actual fault of the carrier承运人的留置权carrier’s lien诚信原则 principle of good faith诚实信用原则:principle honesty and credibility; principle of honestr y and goodfaith; good faith principle ; bona fide principle船舶承租人 charterer船舶抵押权 right of mortgage with respect to a ship; mortage of the ship; shipmortgage船舶抵押权的设定 establishment of mortgage of the ship船舶抵押的消灭 extinguishments of the mortgage of the ship船舶抵押权登记 registration of ship mortgage船舶留置权 possessory lien; lien of ship村民委员会:the village committee惩罚性的损害赔偿 punitive damages乘人之危:take advantage of one’s unfavorable position处分财产 dispose of properties处分权 act of disposition处分原则 principle of disposition代理民事活动:be represented in civil activities by代理权终止:the expiration of one’s power of agency单独承担的责任 undivided responsibility单方法律行为unilateral obligation单方行政行为 unilateral administrative act等价有偿:making compensation for equal value对等原则 principle of reciprocity对价consideration对抗措施counter measure对人权right in personam; personal right对世权 real right; right in rem恶意串通:conspire maliciously恶意行为ill will mala fides法人 judicial person; legal body法人的权利能力 legal capacity of juristic person法人的责任能力 capacity for responsibility of juristic person 法人权限 corporate power法人人格 corporate personality法人身份 status of a legal person法人团体 corporation法人资格 corporate capacity法人组织章程:the articles of association of the legal person负共同连带责任 liable jointly and severally负全部责任 bear all responsibilities; in all charge负有解释的义务 accountable负有连带义务的每个债务人:each of the joint debtors附带的条件 incident附带要求 contingent claim附带原因 contributory cause; inherent cause附条件的民事法律行为:conditional civil juristic acts附条件的权利 conditional right赋予权力 entitle个体工商户:individual businesses个人合伙:individual partnership各尽所能，按劳分配 from each according to his ability, to each accord ing to his needs给付定金:leave a deposit with the other party工商行政管理机关:the administrative agency for industry and commerce 公民基本义务 fundamental duties of citizens合同contract合同法 contract law合同副本 copies of the contract合同规定 contract provisions/stipulations合同履行地法 lex loci contractus合同期限contract period (or contract term)合同条款contract terms (or contract clause)合同有效期contract life合同正本 originals of the contract合伙人:partners合议制 collegial system核准登记的经营范围:within the range approved and registered恢复原状 recovery of original state; restitution; restoration of he originalconditions; retitutio in integrum集体所有制企业:an enterprise under collective ownership技术合同纠纷案件 controversy over a technology contract监护人:guardian经主管机关核准登记:approved and registered by the competent authorit y居民委员会:the neighborhood committee履行监护职责:fulfill duty of guardianship埋藏物、隐藏物:buried or concealed object买卖、出租、抵押、转让:be sold, leased, mortgaged or transferred农村承包经营户:leaseholding farm households平等主体:civil subjects with equal status企业法人被撤销:the dissolution of an enterprise as legal person企业法人分立、合并:the division and merger of an enterprise as legal person企业法人解散:disbanding of an enterprise as legal person契约自由 liberty of contract取得不当得利:profits acquired improperly and without a lawful basis 取得法人资格:be qualified as a legal person全民所有制企业:an enterprise owned by the whole people让与 alien; alienate; assign; cede让与的利益 benefit of cession让与权 benefit of cessioni设定义务的规则 rule of imposing duty设立、变更、终止民事关系:establish, change or terminate civil relatio nship所有权 ownership书面合同 a written contract双倍返还定金:repay the deposit in double双方法律行为 bilateral legal transaction擅自变更或者解除（民事法律行为）:alter or rescind one’s act arbitrar ily他物权 right over the property of another提供一定的财产作为抵押物ffer a s pecific property as a pledge违反合同breach of contract委托代理:entrusted agency委托代理人:an entrusted agent无过错责任 liability without negligence无民事行为能力人:a person having no capacity for civil conduct无因管理:act as manager or provide services in order to protect anot her person’s interests when he is not legally or contractually obligated to do so下落不明one’s whereabouts have been unknown限制民事行为能力人:a person with limited capacity for civil conduct 享有连带权利的每个债权人:each of the joint creditors行使代理权:exercise the power of agency宣告为无（限制）民事行为能力人:declare … to be a person to be withou t or with limited capacity for civil conduct遗失物、漂流物:lost-and-found objects, flotsam以抵押物折价或者以变卖抵押物的价款优先得到偿还:to keep the pledge to offset the debt or have priority in satisfying his claim out of the proceeds from the sale of the pledge以合法形式掩盖非法目的:perform under the guise of legitimate acts wh ich conceal illegitimate purposes以欺诈、胁迫的手段:as a result of cheating or coercion意思表示show one’s intention意思表示真实:the intention expressed is genuine优先购买的权利:a right of pre-emption优先权 priority, preemptive right有过错的一方:the erring party有连带责任的 conjunctly and severally有权向债务人追偿:have the right to claim repayment from the debto造成财产损失:cause any property loss责任能力 capacity for responsibility责任年龄 capacity of responsibility; year of discretion债的标的 object of obligation债的发生 creation of obligation债的消灭 extinction of obligation占有人有权留置该财产:the possessor shall have a lien on the property 指定代理:appointed agency执行合同 carry out a contract, execute/implement/fulfill/perform a c ontract主要办事机构:the main administrative office追偿:claim compensation from住所:domicile汉英法律专业词汇（刑法学、行政法学）刑法学、行政法学Criminal Laws and Administrative Laws帮助当事人毁灭、伪造证据罪 crime of aiding a client to destroy or forge evidence 绑架妇女儿童罪 crime of kidnapping women and children包庇、纵容黑社会性质组织罪 crime of harboring a mafia-style syndicate包庇毒品犯罪分子罪 crime of harboring drug criminals报复陷害罪case of retaliation and frame-ups必要共同犯罪 indispensable joint crime并科原则 doctrine of cumulating punishments剥夺权利deprival of rights不能犯 impossibility; unrealized offense参加恐怖活动组织罪 crime of taking part in an organization engaged in terrorist activities超越管辖权 excess of jurisdiction超越职权范围overstep one’s authority惩办和宽大相结合combine punishment with leniency惩办少数、改造多数的原则 principle of punishing the few and reforming the many惩罚措施 punitive measure惩罚性制裁 punitive sanction惩罚与教育相结合 combination of punishment and education处以刑罚 inflict punishment处以有期徒刑 sentence to fixed-term imprisonment触犯法律 break the law; violate the law抽逃出资罪 crime of flight of capital contribution抽象行政行为 abstract administrative act出口骗税犯罪活动 criminal activities of cheating out of tax rebates in export出售伪造发票罪 crime of selling counterfeit currency出于对法律的无知 from ignorance of law出于恶意 from malevolence从轻处罚 gie a lesser punishment从重处罚 give a severer punishment单位受贿罪 crime of bribe taken by a unit单一犯罪构成 single constitution of crime盗伐林木罪 crime of illegally chopping down trees; crime of illegally felling trees盗窃、抢夺枪支、弹药、爆炸物罪 crime of stealing or seizing guns, ammunition or explosives盗窃犯 theft act; larcenist渎职犯罪案件case of dereliction of duty。

法律关系legal relation 法律关系的运⾏ process of legal relation 法律关系客体 object of legal relation 法律关系主体 subject of legal relation 法律规定provisions of law 法律规范 norm of law 法律规范的逻辑结构 logical structure of legal rule 法律规则体系 system of legal rules 法律含义 intendment of law 法律另有规定：otherwise stipulated by law 法律现象legal phenomenon 法律研究legal research 法律要件 legal requirement 法律依据 legal basis 法律意见 legal advice 法律意见书 legal opinion 法律意识 law-consciousness 法律意义 legal sense 法律⽤语 legal language 法律与正义先验论 a prior theory of law and justice 法律渊源 source of law 法律原本注释 gloss 法律原理 legal doctrines 法律原则 principle of legality 法律援助legal aid 法律约束 legal binding； legal restraint 法律责任 legal responsibility 法律责任的道义基础 moral basic of legal obligation 法律责任的归结 imputaton of legal responsibility 法律责任的认定 determination of legal responsibility 法律责任的执⾏ enforcement of legal responsibility 法律责任客体 object of legal responsibility 法律责任主体 subject of legal responsibility 法律哲学 philosophy of law； philosophie du droit （法）；philosophia juris 法律政策 policy of the law 法律职业道德 legal ethics 法律指导 legal counsel 法律制裁 legal sanction 法律制度 regime of law； legal system 法律秩序 legal order 法律主体资格 capacity as a subject of law 法律主张 proposition of law 法律属地原则 territoriality of laws 法律著述 legal literature 法律专家 legal expert 法律专业 legal profession 法律专著和教科书 legal treatise and textbook 法律咨询 legal advice 法律尊严 legal sanctity 法盲 legal illiterates 法权 right 法社会学 sociology of law 法系 legal system 法协会 law society 法学 jurisprudence 法学博⼠ doctor of jurisprudence 法学导论 leading principles of law 法学的范畴体系 the system of categories of jurisprudence 法学的范畴意识 the consciousness of category of jurisprudence 法学的基⽯范畴 fundamental categories of jurisprudence 法学⽅法 method of jurisprudence 法学⽅法论 methodology of jurisprudence。

汉英法律专业词汇（法理、法制史、宪法学）jurisprudence, history of legal systems and constitution普通法法系 common-law system普通法上的补偿 common-law remedy普通法上的过失 common-law negligence普通法上的留置权 common-law lien普通法学 general jurisprudence强制办法 coercive method强制规定 mandatory provisions强制性法规 mandatory rule of law强制性条款 mandatory term侵犯财产权 property torts侵权行为法 tort law侵权责任 tortious liability清理法规 check up laws and regulations区域性法律体系 regional system of laws取证 obtain evidence确权之诉affirmative petitory action; cause for ownership affirmation确认之诉 action for confirmation; actio confessoria权威解释 authentic interpretation人法 human law, statute personalia人格减等 capitis deminutio人身不可侵犯 inviolability of the person人身非财产关系 personal non-property relations人身关系 personal relation任意解释 arbitrary interpretation《日耳曼法》germanic law柔性宪法 flexible constitution三权分立 separation of powers善意推定 presumption of good faith商法 commercial law商法典 code of commerce社会法学sociological jurisprudence社会关系 social relations社会规范 social regulation社会连带主义法学 social solidarism jurisprudence社会契约论 theory of social contract社会团体：social organization社会主义法学 socialist jurisprudence社会主义法制 socialist legal system; socialist rule of law 神法 divine law神权说 theory of divine right审查制度 censorship; inspection system审计监督 supervise through auditing审计监督权 power to supervise through auditing生效条款 operative clause失效法律 expired laws失效日 expiry date施行细则 implementary provisions实证主义法学派 the positivist school《十二表法》 twelve tables实体法 material law; substantial law实体法上的抗辩 substantial defense实体权利 substantive right实用主义法学 judicial pragmaticism实在法 positive law实在法学 positive jurisprudence实在法学派 positivist实在主义法学 positivist jurisprudence实证法学 positive jurisprudence实质条款 material stipulation实质性的瑕疵 defect of substance实质性解释 material interpretation事实的推定 presumption of fact事业单位：institution适用法律 reference to the law; applicable law适用范围 area of application; sphere of application适用中国法律：be governed by the law of prc (the law of prc shall apply to)溯及既往原则 doctrine of retroactivity溯及力 retrospect; retrospective effect损害赔偿 damages梭伦 solon弹性宪法 elastic constitution特别程序 special procedure特别但书 special proviso特别法 special law特殊主体 special subject提案motion; overture; proposal提出抗辩 raise a plea; raise a plead条约法 law of treaties同态复仇 retaliation推定合法presumption of legality停止生效cease to have effect外国法 foreign law外国法制史 foreign legal history外国人待遇 foreigner treatment完全民事权利能力：full capacity for civil conduct完全丧失行为能力的人person entirely incapable of legal transaction完全无行为能力 absolute disability万民法 jus gentium违法构成要件 essential condition of delict违宪 violation of constitution乌尔比安 ulpianus无国籍人：stateless persons无条件解释 unconditional interpretation无效的法律 void law无效法律行为 void act; act without legal effect物权 property西塞罗marcus tullius cicero习惯法custom law细则 detailed rules and regulations; details by-laws狭义解释 narrow definition下文另有规定者除外 except as hereinafter provided先决条件 precedent condition; prerequisite现实主义法学 realism jurisprudence现行法律 current law; existing law限制解释 restrictive interpretation判例法系 case law system普通法法系 common-law system判例法系 case law system判例汇编 reports; reports of judgments普通法 common law普通法法系 common-law system普通法上的补偿 common-law remedy普通法上的过失 common-law negligence普通法上的留置权 common-law lien普通法学 general jurisprudence强制办法 coercive method强制规定 mandatory provisions强制性法规 mandatory rule of law强制性条款 mandatory term侵犯财产权 property torts侵权行为法 tort law侵权责任 tortious liability清理法规 check up laws and regulations区域性法律体系 regional system of laws取证 obtain evidence确权之诉affirmative petitory action; cause for ownership affirmation确认之诉 action for confirmation; actio confessoria权威解释 authentic interpretation人法 human law, statute personalia人格减等 capitis deminutio人身不可侵犯 inviolability of the person人身非财产关系 personal non-property relations人身关系 personal relation任意解释 arbitrary interpretation《日耳曼法》germanic law柔性宪法 flexible constitution三权分立 separation of powers善意推定 presumption of good faith商法 commercial law商法典 code of commerce社会法学sociological jurisprudence社会关系 social relations社会规范 social regulation社会连带主义法学 social solidarism jurisprudence社会契约论 theory of social contract社会团体：social organization社会主义法学 socialist jurisprudence社会主义法制 socialist legal system; socialist rule of law 神法 divine law神权说 theory of divine right审查制度 censorship; inspection system审计监督 supervise through auditing审计监督权 power to supervise through auditing生效条款 operative clause失效法律 expired laws失效日 expiry date施行细则 implementary provisions实证主义法学派 the positivist school《十二表法》 twelve tables实体法 material law; substantial law实体法上的抗辩 substantial defense实体权利 substantive right实用主义法学 judicial pragmaticism实在法 positive law实在法学 positive jurisprudence实在法学派 positivist实在主义法学 positivist jurisprudence实证法学 positive jurisprudence实质条款 material stipulation实质性的瑕疵 defect of substance实质性解释 material interpretation事实的推定 presumption of fact事业单位：institution适用法律 reference to the law; applicable law适用范围 area of application; sphere of application适用中国法律：be governed by the law of prc (the law of prc shall apply to)溯及既往原则 doctrine of retroactivity溯及力 retrospect; retrospective effect损害赔偿 damages梭伦 solon弹性宪法 elastic constitution特别程序 special procedure特别但书 special proviso特别法 special law特殊主体 special subject提案motion; overture; proposal提出抗辩 raise a plea; raise a plead条约法 law of treaties同态复仇 retaliation推定合法presumption of legality停止生效cease to have effect外国法 foreign law外国法制史 foreign legal history外国人待遇 foreigner treatment完全民事权利能力：full capacity for civil conduct完全丧失行为能力的人person entirely incapable of legal transaction完全无行为能力 absolute disability万民法 jus gentium违法构成要件 essential condition of delict违宪 violation of constitution乌尔比安 ulpianus无国籍人：stateless persons无条件解释 unconditional interpretation无效的法律 void law无效法律行为 void act; act without legal effect物权 property西塞罗marcus tullius cicero习惯法custom law细则 detailed rules and regulations; details by-laws狭义解释 narrow definition下文另有规定者除外 except as hereinafter provided先决条件 precedent condition; prerequisite现实主义法学 realism jurisprudence现行法律 current law; existing law限制解释 restrictive interpretation宪法的解释 interpretation of constitution宪法修正案 constitution amendment宪法学 constitutional jurisprudence相对主义法学 relativist jurisprudence新分析法学 new analytical jurisprudence新律 new law , novellae行为规范 code of conduct学说编纂the pandekta形式主义法学 formalist jurisprudence亚里士多德 aristotle严格解释 strict interpretation严重不法行为 aggravated misconduct; gross misbehavior 严重违法 break the law on a serious scale要件 important condition; essential condition一般客体 general object一般权利能力 general legal capacity一般主体 general subject一事不再理的保证 guarantee against double jeorpardy依法办案 handle cases according to law依法独立行使职权 independent exercise of powers within the framework of the law依照法律的规定 as prescribed by law以法律为准绳 take law as the criterion依法治国 genuine rule of law; running the country according to law义务性规范 obligatory rule义务主体 subject of duty英美法系 anglo-american legal system永恒法 eternal law优士丁尼法典 the codex justinianus优士丁尼皇帝justinian《优士丁尼民法大全》（《国法大全》）corpus juris civilis有法必依 ensure that laws are observed有法律约束力 legally binding有条件解释 conditional interpretation有效期间 time of effect; term of validity与法律规定不符 against the forms of the statute与法律相抵触的行为act going against the law域外效力 extraterritorial effect援引法律条文 invoke a legal provision（古罗马的）元老院 the senate约束力 binding; binding effect在法律的范围内 within the law暂行条例interim regulations; provisional regulation整体法学 integrative jurisprudence正当权益 justified rights; legitimate interests正式解释 official interpretation正式渊源 formal source政法学院 institute of political science and law知法犯法 deliberately break the law执法必严ensure that law’s enforcement be strict执法人员 law enforcement officials执行权 enforcement power直接故意 actual intent; direct intent直接后果 immediate consequence直接客体 direct object直接主体 direct subject制定法 statute制宪权constituent power治外法权 extraterritoriality; extraterritorial jurisdiction中端时效 interrupt the running of the statute of limitation中国大陆的法律law of china’s mainland中国法制 chinese legal system中国法制史 chinese legal history中国特色的社会主义法制socialist legal system with chinese character中华法系 chinese legal system《中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法》the basic law of hong kong special administrative region of the people’s republic of china主要法律体系principal legal system自然法 natural law自然法学派 natural law school组成合议庭开庭审理：form a collegial panel to conduct the trial最高国家权力机关 highest organ of state power最高人民法院的解释interpretation of supreme people’s court遵循先例原则the doctrine of stare作为或不作为 act or omission。

1. The National People’s Congress is the highest organ of state power. 全国人民代表大会是最高国家权力机关。

2. The judicial organs of China consist of people’s courts，people’s procurator and the public security departments. 我国的司法机关由人民法院人民检查院和公安部门组成。

3. In the application of the law all citizens are deemed as equals. 一切公民在适用法律上一律平等。

4. The criminal law is one of the basic laws of our country. 刑法是我国基本法之一。

5. Criminal responsibility shall be borne for intentional crimes. 故意犯罪应当负刑事责任6. In China，the principal penalties are p ublic surveillance，detention，fixed-time imprisonment，life imprisonment and death. 我国的主要刑罚是管制，拘役，有期徒刑，无期徒刑和死刑7. The court’s job is administering justice and upholding the law. 法院的任务是执行法律和维护法律。

8. The accused was declared innocent. 被告人被宣布为无罪。

9. The court acquitted him of a crime. 法院宣判他无罪。

10. The court pronounced the accused not guilty. 法院宣判被告无罪。

中国行政法若干关键词的英文翻译何海波*中国法律术语外文翻译的精确和统一，是中外法律交流新形势的要求。

文章探讨了20余个行政法学关键词的英文翻译，其中包括：行政诉讼、行政复议、信访，法律、法规、规章，行政行为、行政处罚、行政许可、行政强制、行政裁决，行政主体、行政相对人、行政机关、行政执法人员，行政责任、行政处分，依法治国、依法行政、法治政府。

本着求同存异、约定俗成的原则，作者分析比较中西相关法律制度的异同，并着力考察了国际英文文献对相关概念的使用。

关键词：行政法学法律术语英文翻译对中国的法律人来说，英语现在不止是学习外国法的工具，也是"输出"中国法的工具。

为适应加入 WTO所作的承诺，中国政府正在大规模地开展法律、法规英文翻译的工作。

一些学校开设了面向国外留学生的中国法课程。

大多数学者即使不写作英语论文，他们的中文论文也常常要求附有英文的标题和摘要。

如何把中国的法律和法学翻译成英文，就像翻译外国法一样令人困扰。

[1] 现有翻译中最大问题之一是术语混乱。

中国行政法的规范庞杂、法典化程度很低，不同法系混搭，再加上自身的改造，更增添了译法的混乱。

对同一个词的各种译法，在法学词典往往不加辨析地罗列，在法律汇编中前后不一地杂陈。

例如，在法律出版社1998年出版的《新汉英法学词典》里，"行政诉讼"的译法多达4种（administrative action/litigation/procedure/proceedings），其中多数译法是明显有问题的。

中国法制出版社2005年出版的中英文对照的行政法规汇编《行政法》，更是混乱译法的集大成者。

为了促进翻译的精确和统一，有必要专门探讨行政法学上一些关键概念的翻译，以便利交流、减少误解。

本文辨析中国行政法学关键词译法的方法有二：一是求同存异，即把握概念在中国语境中的涵义，找寻西方国家（主要是英语国家）的相应制度，以之对应中国概念。

法律术语翻译法律术语翻译是一项重要工作，需要准确理解和翻译法律术语的含义，以确保信息的准确性和清晰度。

下面是一些常见的法律术语及其翻译：1. Contract (合同): A legally binding agreement between two or more parties.合同：两个或多个当事人之间的法律约束协议。

2. Plaintiff (原告): A person or party who brings a case against another in a court of law.原告：在法庭上对他人提起诉讼的人或当事方。

3. Defendant (被告): A person or party against whom a case is brought in a court of law.被告：在法庭上被他人提起诉讼的人或当事方。

4. Evidence (证据): Any material presented in a court of law to support or prove a fact.证据：在法庭上提供的任何材料，用于支持或证明一个事实。

5. Judgment (判决): The final decision of a court in a legal proceeding.判决：法庭在诉讼程序中的最终决定。

6. Trial (审判): The process by which a case is heard and decidedin a court of law.审判：在法庭上听证和决定一个案件的过程。

7. Defendant (被告人): A person who is accused of a crime and is on trial in a criminal court.被告人：被指控犯罪并在刑事法庭受审的人。

8. Plaintiff (原告人): A person who brings a civil lawsuit against another person or party.原告人：对他人或当事方提起民事诉讼的人。

satisfaction of the cause of action 了结诉讼因由unqualified person 不合资格人士public 公众人士qualified person 合资格人士2 or more persons 多于一名人士person aggrieved 受屈人士British protected person 受英国保护人士lay persons 非[法律]专业人士illegitimate person 非婚生人士British subject 英籍人士individual 个别人士individual 个别人士sentenced persons 被判刑人士adopted person 被领养人士professional person 专业人士stateless person 无国籍人士lay persons 业外人士legitimate person 获确立婚生地位人士subjects 人民person 人身personal inviolability 人身不得侵犯权personal freedom 人身自由attack on . . . person 人身受到攻击writ of habeas corpus 人身保护令writ of habeas corpus 人身保护令状personal injury 人身伤害guardian of the person 人身监护人Registration of Persons Tribunal 人事登记审裁处officer 人员public official 公务人员public servant 人员public officer 公职人员public servant 人员judicial officer 司法人员diplomatic agent 外交人员eligible officer 合资格人员coroner's officer 死因裁判人员Attesting Officer 见证人员escort officer 押送人员escorting officer 人员officer of the Court 法院人员officer of the Court 法院人员legal officer 律政人员designee 指定人员designated public officer 指明公职人员directorate disciplined officer 纪律部队首长级人员member of the Customs and Excise Service 海关人员authorized officer 特准人员officer 高级人员managing officer 高级管理人员detective 侦缉人员law enforcement officer 执法人员officer of justice 人员consular agent 领使人员gazetted officer 宪委级人员authorized officer 获授权人员customs officer 关员级人员humanitarian grounds 人道理由life insurance 人寿保险life insurance policy 人寿保险单ethnic origins 人种本源hostage 人质fit person 合适人选suitable person 人选fit and proper person 适当人选human rights 人权Bill of Rights 人权法案Human Organ Transplant Board 人体器官移植委员会premium 入股金burglary 入屋犯法burglary 入屋犯法burglary 入屋犯法罪income tax 入息税hospital order 入院令incriminate 入罪a person's right not to incriminate himself 任何人不使自己入罪的权利land 入境Immigration Department Detention Quarters 入境事务处羁留所Immigration Tribunal 入境事务审裁处immigrant 入境者entry permit 入境证attendance order 入学令full consideration 十足代价full valuable consideration 十足有值代价full operation 十足效力full costs 十足讼费complete indemnity 十足弥偿majority of two-thirds 三分之二大多数triad society 三合会triad society 三合会社团superior landlord 上一级业主listed 上市listed company 上市公司listed shares 上市股份listed securities 上市证券appeal 上诉appeal by way of petition 以呈请方式提出上诉cross-appeal 交相上诉further appeal 再上诉further appeal 再上诉criminal appeals 刑事上诉administrative appeal 行政上诉appeal abandoned 放弃上诉interlocutory appeal 非正审上诉notice of appeal against the judgment 针对判决的上诉通知书lodge an appeal 提出上诉prosecute an appeal 上诉further appeal 进一步上诉leave to appeal out of time 逾期上诉许可oppose an appeal 对上诉抗辩dismiss an appeal 驳回上诉hearing of appeals 审理上诉appellant 上诉人appellate jurisdiction 上诉司法管辖权appeal by way of a case stated 上诉用案件呈述的方式Appeal Committee 上诉委员会the Court of Appeal 上诉法庭Justice of Appeal 上诉法庭法官president of the Court of Appeal 上诉法庭庭长vice-presidents of the Court of Appeal 上诉法庭副庭长appeal frustrated 上诉的目的不能达致leave to appeal 上诉的许可right of appeal 上诉的权利list of appeals 上诉案件聆讯表appeal withdrawn 上诉被撤回notice of motion of appeal 上诉动议通知书上诉得直allow an appeal 上诉得直grounds of appeal 上诉理由grounds of appeal 上诉理由application for leave to appeal 上诉许可申请书notice of appeal 上诉通知notice of appeal 上诉通知书notice of appeal against the judgment 针对判决的上诉通知书appeal aid certificate 上诉援助证书Register of Appeals 上诉登记册party to the appeal 上诉当事人memorandum of appeal 上诉摘要appeal dismissed 上诉驳回list of appeals 上诉审讯表appellate tribunal 上诉审裁处appeal disposed of 上诉获得解决right of appeal 上诉权attendance order 上课令inferior landlord 下一级业主next port of call 下一停靠港order 下令poisoning 下毒inferior court 下级法庭the court below 下级法庭inferior court 下级法院predecessor in title of 之前的所有权持有人oral submissions 口述陈词viva voce 口头方式oral proceedings 口头的法律程序examined viva voce 口头讯问oral examination 口头讯问viva voce questions 口头问题oral statement 口头陈述oral statement 口头陈述oral cross-examination 口头盘问re-examine viva voce 口头覆问oral testimony 口头证供oral evidence 口头证据direct oral evidence 直接口头证据land 土地small house holding 丁屋土地leased land 已批租土地partition of property in land 分划土地财产unleased land 未批租土地shares in land 在土地所占的份数beneficial enjoyment of land 在土地实益享有的利益recover land 收回土地resumption of land 土地acquisition of land 收购土地settled land 有限制授予的土地取消大律师资格disbarred委托大律师instruct counsel律师或大律师attorney首席大律师leading counsel香港大律师公会Hong Kong Bar Association香港大律师公会执行委员会Bar Council of the Hong Kong Bar Association 资深大律师Senior Counsel实习大律师pupil获认许为大律师called to the Bar大律师公会Hong Kong Bar Association大律师名册panels of counsel大律师行业或律师行业the practice of law大律师见习职位pupillage大律师事务所barristers' chambers大律师事务所chambers of counsel大律师的收费counsel's fees大律师书记barrister's clerk大律师登记册roll of barristers大赦amnesty子女夫妾关系中的子女 a child of a union of concubinage未成年子女minor child受供养子女dependent children尚在其母腹中的子女 a child en ventre sa mere非婚生子女 a child not born in wedlock子女illegitimate child婚生子女legitimate child寄养子女foster child领养的子女adopted child谊子女godchild谊子女godchild亲生子女natural child获确立婚生地位子女legitimated child继子女step-child子女抚恤金children's pension子民与子民之间的诉讼action between subjects小股东控权人minority shareholder controller委员小组panel法律顾问小组panel of legal advisers纪律审裁小组disciplinary tribunal备选委员小组panel审裁小组panel审裁委员小组panel of adjudicators小组委员会committee小额钱债审裁处Small Claims Tribunal小额钱债审裁处诉讼人储存金账户Small Claims Tribunal Suitors' Funds Account 小额薪酬索偿仲裁处Minor Employment Claims Adjudication Board工作天business day工作天working day工作日working day工作守则code of practice工伤industrial injury工伤导致伤残industrial disablement工业知识know-how工业知识的权利rights to know-how工资wages已完税货品duty-paid goods已届成年of age 73已届成年并具行为能力of full age and capacity已拒付汇票的参加承兑acceptance for honour supra protest已采取所有合理的预防措施took all reasonable precautions已提供付款的诉plea of tender已登记所有人registered proprietors已登记押记registered charge已登记职工会联会registered trade union federation已进行部分聆讯part-heard已过时的条例obsolete Ordinances已缴足股款的股份fully paidup shares已证明债权的债权人creditor who has proved his debt干预intervention干预tamper with干扰disturb干扰interfere干扰tampered干扰quiet possession干扰证人interfere with a witness不人道inhumane不小心或不谨慎want of the due care or caution不公平inequitable不公平的手法unfair tactics不公正的情况 a miscarriage of justice不公开in private不分割份数undivided share不分割份额undivided share不付款而离去making off without payment不可抗力force majeure不可抗力force majeure不可侵犯权inviolability不可商售的货品unmerchantable goods不可推翻地推定conclusively presumed不可推翻的证据conclusive evidence不可阅的形式non-legible form不可转让non-assignable不再服务薪津non-effective pay不合并nonjoinder不合情理的作为unconscionable act不合理地unreasonably不合理的风险undue risk不合理的条款unreasonable terms不同控罪distinct charges不在犯罪现场alibi不在犯罪现场详情的通知notice of particulars of the alibi不在讼案内的法律程序proceeding not in a cause公约的缔约成员party to Convention公约国Convention country公约国Convention State公约船Convention ship公约裁决Convention award公约证明书Convention certificates公海high seas公务人员public official公务人员public servant公务人员体系public service公务员public servant公务员事务规例Civil Service Regulations公务员用委员会Public Service Commission公众public不许公众旁听任何法律程序exclusion of the public from any proceedings 公开及公众法庭open and public court令公众觉得不雅的行为offence against public decency向公众招标put up for public tender为保障公众起见for the protection of the public为保障公众起见for the protection of the public公众人士public公众公司public companies公众安宁public peace公众利益public advantage公众利益public benefit公众利益public interest令公众利益受到损害injurious to the public interest合乎公众利益in the public interest为公众利益in the public interest符合公众利益in the public interest损害公众利益injurious to the public interest违反公众利益contrary to the public interest公众取用public access公众保税仓public bonded warehouse公众查阅期public inspection period公众海旁public water-front公众假日general holiday公众假日public holiday公众假期general holiday公众假期public holiday公众条例public Ordinance公众集结场所place of public assembly公众骚乱public disturbance公诉indictment可公诉罪行indictable offence可提出公诉an indictment may be preferred撤销公诉书quash the indictment独立公诉书separate indictment公诉法律程序proceedings on indictment公诉法律程序proceedings on indictment公诉书bill of indictment公诉书indictment公诉书拟稿bill of indictment公诉提控arraigned公诉程序indictment一经循公诉程序定罪on conviction upon indictment可循公诉程序审讯triable upon indictment可循公诉程序审讯的罪行offence triable upon indictment 循公诉程序upon indictment循公诉程序定罪conviction upon indictment公诉罪行indictable offence公开投标public tender公开拍卖public auction公开法律程序proceedings in public公开法庭open court公开研讯程序proceedings in public公开讯问public examination公开聆讯heard in open court公开聆讯public hearing公开聆讯方式open court公开议事程序proceedings in public公认配偶reputed spouse公敌public enemy公敌行为act of public-enemies公历月calendar month公历年calendar year公积金provident fund公营单位public sector entity公断reference公断人umpire公职public office公职public service公职人员public officer公职人员public servant公职人员法团incorporated public officer公职服务public service公职检控官public prosecutor公证人notary public法律公证人notary public特别公证人special referee公证人注册纪录册register of notaries public 公证行为notarial acts公证作为notarial act公证承付act of honour公证承付notarial act of honour公证特权notarial faculty公证开支notarial expenses公摊办法pooling arrangements分包合约subcontract分包销sub-underwriting分包销合约subunderwriting contract分行登记证branch registration certificate分居separation合法分居legal separations裁判分居judicial separation分居契据deed of separation分居配偶separated spouse分契sub-deed分段section地段的小分段subsection of a lot地段的分段section of a lot分租sub-lease分租sub-letting分租sublet分租underlease分租underlet独立分租separate letting分租人under-lessor派生的分租人derivative under-lessor原本的分租人original under-lessor分租承租人sub-lessee分租契sub-lease分租契承租人sub-lessee分租客sub-tenant分租约underlease分租租契sub-lease分租租契under-lease派生的分租租契derivative under-lease原本的分租租契original under-lease分租租契协议agreement for an under-lease分租租赁sub-tenancy分区土地注册处District Land Registry分割partitioned分期by instalments分期付款协议hiring agreement分期付款租购协议hire purchase agreement分期执行的监禁刑期consecutive sentences of imprisonment 分期执行的监禁刑期consecutive sentences of imprisonment 分开居住live apart分开审讯separate trial分划partition分划土地财产partition of property in land分担contribution分担人contributory分担提供contribute分担款项contribution分担费contribution分担费用contribution分担开支令Contribution Order分担过失contributory fault分摊apportion分摊apportionment分摊基准basis of apportionment分权共有tenancy in common分权共有人co-owner分权共有人tenants in common分权共有财产common property分权共有权ownership in common友好调解人amiable compositeur反申索counterclaim以抵销或反申索方式作出的申索claim by way of set-off or counterclaim反申索的抗辩书defence to counterclaim反申索书counterclaim反向回购reverse repos反指控counter-charges反指称counter allegations反要求cross demand反要求cross demand反控告counter-charges反通知书counter-notice反陈述counter-statement反诉counter-claim反诉cross-proceedings反对以法律程序各方未全为由而提出反对object for want of parties在无反对的情况下作出的命令orders in default法律上的反对legal objection提出反对lodge an objection无人反对的破产呈请unopposed bankruptcy petition令提出反对因由的命令an order to show cause反对人objector反对劫持人质国际公约International Convention against the Taking of Hostages 反对者objector反对通知notice of opposition反对通知书notice of objection反对通知书notice of opposition反对遗嘱的一方party opposing a will反驳disprove反驳rebut反驳rebuttal反驳陈述statement of objections反驳证据rebutting evidence反证disproving天灾act of God太平绅士justice太平绅士justice of the peace夫妾关系union of concubinage夫妾关系union of concubinage夫妾关系中的子女 a child of a union of concubinage少年juvenile少年人young person少年犯人juvenile offender少年法庭juvenile court少年罪犯young offenders少年罪犯youthful offender证明文件certificate文件documentary identification文件documentary proof权利文件entitlement document权限文件authority文件清单lists of documents文件透露discovery of documents文件证物documentary exhibits令人反感的文字offensive writing带永久形式诽谤的文字libellous writing煽动文字seditious words遗嘱性质文字testamentary writing文字商标word trade mark文告proclamation文书instrument文书错误clerical mistakes方party方案plan日内瓦各项公约Geneva Conventions欠妥defect所有权欠妥defect in title欠妥之处defect欠缺抗辩书in default of defence欠缺所有权want of title欠缺状书in default of pleading欠缺真诚want of good faith欠款证明书certificate of arrears欠缴default of payment止赎foreclosure止赎或赎回任何按揭foreclosure or redemption of any mortgage 止赎的权利right to foreclose止赎诉讼foreclosure action止赎权foreclosure比例代表名单制the list system of proportional representation比例代表原则principle of proportionate representation水务监督Water Authority水域territorial sea火器firearm火险fire insurance火警危险令fire hazard order代替其父母地位的人person standing in loco parentis to him身居父母地位in loco parentis前父母former parent配偶的父母parents-in-law领养父母adoptive parent谊父母godparent养父母adoptive parent亲生父母natural parents继父母step parent父母权利parental rights父系male line指认父亲putative father领养父亲或母亲adopting parent领养父亲或领养母亲adopting parent据称的父亲reputed father亲生父亲或母亲natural parent世系stock世界人权宣言Universal Declaration of Human Rights世界贸易组织协议World Trade Organization Agreement主犯principal offender主任裁判官Principal Magistrate主任审裁官Principal Adjudicator, Small Claims Tribunal主任审裁官(劳资审裁处) Principal Presiding Officer, Labour Tribunal 主事人principal主承建商main contractor主持preside主持聆讯preside at sittings主要受益人principal beneficiary主要的居所principal residencechief place of business主要的业务地点chief place of business主要保证principal security主要债务人principal debtor主要业务principal business主要业务地址principal place of business主要业务地点principal place of business主要办事处principal office主要营业地点principal place of business主租客principal tenant主租赁principal tenancy主动提起诉讼initiation of proceedings主问examination in chief主问examined in chief主问证据evidence in chief主理讼费评定事务聆案官taxing master主理精神病患者财产帐目聆案官Master in Lunacy主管principal主管司法机关competent judicial authority主管船东managing owner of the ship主管当局authority主管当局competent authority公共主管当局competent public authorities主管当局public authority司法主管当局judicial authority地区主管当局local authority具有权限的主管当局competent authorities法定主管当局statutory authority国家主管当局national authority适当主管当局appropriate authority主管机构authority主管机关competent authorities主审法官trial judge主审裁判官adjudicating magistrate主审裁判官presiding magistrate主题subject matter主权sovereign主权sovereignty行使主权exercise of sovereignty主权国sovereign powers主权国政府sovereign government主权豁免sovereign immunity主体条例principal Ordinance他罪成立的裁定alternative convictions付出价值的真诚购买人bona fide purchaser for value已提供付款的抗辩defence setting up tender已提供付款的诉plea of tender不付款而离去making off without payment中止付款suspend payment中期付款interim payment分期付款协议hiring agreement分期付款租购协议hire purchase agreement以在诉讼前已提供付款为抗辩defence of tender before action可凭票要求付款payable on demand收取已拒付汇票的付款receive payment supra protest判定债务人没有付款的誓章affidavit of default on the part of the judgment debtor 即场付款payment on the spot见票后付款的汇票 a bill payable after sight受制于付款判决的债务人debtor under a judgment for moneydebtor under a judgment for money所诉的是已提供付款pleads a tender恩恤付款ex gratia payment被诱使等候付款induced to wait for payment就拒付汇票而作出的参加付款payment for honour supra protest就拒付汇票而作出参加付款payment . . . for honour supra protest须付款予持有人的支票cheques payable to bearer须付款的债务人debtor for money凭票要求付款予持票人的银行纸币bank notes payable to bearer on demand 整笔付款lump sum payment临时付款provisional payment可赎回的redeemable可赎回的押记redeemable charge可赎回股份redeemable share可变现财产realisable property司法administration of justice司法judicial司法人员judicial officer司法人员推荐委员会Judicial Officers Recommendation Commission司法人员推荐委员会Judicial Officers Recommendation Commission司法不公miscarriage司法不公miscarriage of justice司法公正justice司法文件judicial documents司法主管当局judicial authority司法判决judicial decision司法协助judicial assistance司法受托人judicial trustee司法科学forensic science司法书记judicial clerk司法书记的证明书certificate of judicial clerk司法财产保管人judicial factor英格兰高等司法院High Court of Justice in England司法常务主任Registrar民事上诉案的司法常务官registrar of civil appeals高等法院司法常务官Registrar of the High Court高等法院助理司法常务官Assistant Registrar, High Court高等法院副司法常务官Deputy Registrar, High Court终审法院司法常务官Registrar of the Court of Final Appeal暂委助理司法常务官temporary assistant registrar暂委副司法常务官temporary deputy registrar司法常务官证明书certificate of the Registrar司法程序judicial proceedings司法程序文件judicial proceedings司法程序文件judicial process司法当局judicial authority司法资格judicial qualifications可循公诉程序审讯triable upon indictment可循公诉程序审讯的罪行offence triable upon indictment 可循民事程序追讨recoverable civilly可循简易程序审讯triable summarily可循简易程序审讯triable summarily可循简易程序审讯的罪行offence triable summarily可提出公诉an indictment may be preferred可逮捕的罪行arrestable offence可进行诉讼的伤害actionable injury可预见foreseeable可划分的违约severable breach可构成罪行的culpable可构成罪行的疏忽culpable negligence可废除权益defeasible interest可征收leviable可征费leviable可征费交易leviable transaction可阅形式legible form可凭票要求付款payable on demand可随时及随意取消的权益interest at will可随意终结的租赁tenancy at will可惩罚罪行punishable offence可证债项provable debt可证债权provable debt可继承产hereditaments可续期政府租契renewable Government lease可流转negotiable可流转收据negotiable receipt可流转票据negotiable instrument可流转证明书negotiable certificate可被接纳为证据admissible in evidence可起诉与被起诉may sue and be sued可动用收入disposable income可动用资产disposable capital可动资产movable assets可商售品质merchantable quality可强迫作证的证人compellable witness可接纳的证据admissible evidence可移动财产movable property可终止权益determinable interest可终结的权益determinable interest可处punishable可处监禁may be sentenced to imprisonment亲笔发出<willmigerl>under his hand亲笔签署<willmigerl>under his hand亲自签署<willmigerl>under his hand亲笔签署<willmigerl>under the hand of亲自签署<willmigerl>under the hand of由……签发<willmigerl>under the hand of由……签署<willmigerl>under the hand of过度的困苦<willmigerl>undue hardship接受租用<willmigerl>accept the hire参加承兑<willmigerl>acceptance for honour参加承兑人<willmigerl>acceptor for honour外国敌意行为<willmigerl>act of foreign enemy hostilities骚扰作为<willmigerl>act of harassment公证承付<willmigerl>act of honour身体伤害<willmigerl>actual bodily harm将聆讯押后<willmigerl>adjourn the hearing经延期的聆讯<willmigerl>adjourned hearing押后聆讯<willmigerl>adjourned hearing获准代表……陈词的<willmigerl>admitted to be heard for . . .获准代表……陈词的<willmigerl>admitted to be heard for . . .中度照顾安老院<willmigerl>aged home租购协议<willmigerl>agreement of hire purchase全体人员<willmigerl>all hands另定假日<willmigerl>alternative holiday畜牧业<willmigerl>animal husbandry移交<willmigerl>hand over传单<willmigerl>handbill单张<willmigerl>handbills递交<willmigerl>handed in递交<willmigerl>handed in面交<willmigerl>handed personally to . . .弱能人士<willmigerl>handicapped处理赃物者<willmigerl>handler of . . . stolen goods经办代理人<willmigerl>handling agent手续费<willmigerl>handling charge处理或收受窃取的财物<willmigerl>handling or receiving stolen property 处理赃物<willmigerl>handling stolen goods处理赃物罪<willmigerl>handling stolen goods宣布决定<willmigerl>hands down its decision笔迹<willmigerl>handwriting处理及接受赃物<willmigerl>handwriting stolen goods and reset 手书<willmigerl>handwritten恰巧在他手中<willmigerl>happen to be in his hand侵扰<willmigerl>harassment港口工程<willmigerl>harbour works窝藏<willmigerl>harbours有害干扰<willmigerl>harmful interference手上仍有……<willmigerl>has in his hands . . .有权取览<willmigerl>have access to负责管理<willmigerl>have charge of . . .弱智的人<willmigerl>mentally handicapped person中医<willmigerl>native herdalist其次……最高票数<willmigerl>next highest number of votes通常办公时间<willmigerl>normal office hours正常工作时数<willmigerl>normal working hours公证承付<willmigerl>notarial act of honour护理院<willmigerl>nursing home要约出租<willmigerl>offering for hire对……作任何阻挠<willmigerl>offers to . . . any hindrance办公时间<willmigerl>office hours操作时间<willmigerl>operating hours陈词的机会<willmigerl>opportunity of being heard获聆听的机会<willmigerl>opportunity of being heard陈词的机会<willmigerl>opportunity to be heard原持有人<willmigerl>original holder为维护某方的信誉而付款<willmigerl>paid for honour已进行部分聆讯<willmigerl>part-heard参加付款人<willmigerl>payer for honour招揽生意<willmigerl>plying for hire保单持有人<willmigerl>policy holder将聆讯延迟或押后<willmigerl>postpone or adjourn . . . hearing 预审<willmigerl>preparatory hearing出席聆讯<willmigerl>present at a hearing公开聆讯<willmigerl>public hearing公众假期<willmigerl>public holiday公众假日<willmigerl>public holiday公营医院<willmigerl>public hospital登记持有人<willmigerl>registered holder股份的……登记持有人<willmigerl>registered holder of shares 半血亲关系<willmigerl>relationship of the half blood追溯至<willmigerl>have relation back to . . .取得……复还<willmigerl>have restitution . . .具有该效果<willmigerl>have that effect分别具有……追索……的诉讼因由 having separate causes of action . . . for . . .须制备……命令<willmigerl>having the carriage of the order摒除任何其它人而独享全部权益<willmigerl>having the entire of the interest to the exclusion of any other person小贩市场<willmigerl>hawker bazaar贩卖<willmigerl>Hawking可能产生危险的不妥善之处<willmigerl>hazardous defect具危险性财产<willmigerl>hazardous property家长<willmigerl>head of a family领馆馆长<willmigerl>head of consular post开支总目<willmigerl>head of expenditure政府首长<willmigerl>Head of Government国家元首<willmigerl>Head of State总办事处<willmigerl>head office案目<willmigerl>heading总目<willmigerl>heading总部<willmigerl>headquarters健康<willmigerl>health卫生主任<willmigerl>health officer聆讯上诉<willmigerl>hear . . . appeal听取证据<willmigerl>hear evidence就有关事项聆讯该人<willmigerl>hear him on the subject闭门聆讯有关申请<willmigerl>hear the application in private公开聆讯<willmigerl>heard in open court聆讯……以非公开形式进行<willmigerl>heard in private以非公开形式聆讯<willmigerl>heard in private在休庭期内聆讯<willmigerl>heard in vacation聆听……申请<willmigerl>hearing an application诚实地相信<willmigerl>in the honest belief诚实地相信<willmigerl>in the honest belief that真诚相信<willmigerl>in the honest belief that煽动针对……的仇恨<willmigerl>incite hatred against . . .煽动对……的仇恨<willmigerl>incite hatred towards . . .无体可继承产 incorporeal herditaments使他人身体受到严重伤害 inflicting grievous bodily harm使人受到严重或实际身体伤害 inflicting grievous or actual bodily harm损害健康<willmigerl>injurious to health在某项财产上实益持有的权益 interest held . . . beneficially in property高等法院法官 judge of the High Court将……暂时扣押在你们手中 keep . . . under sequestration in your hands土地……租赁为不定期<willmigerl>land . . . held by . . . at will持有从政府取得的土地<willmigerl>land is held from the Government合法继承人<willmigerl>legal heirPassengers and their Luggage by Sea, 19741976年海事索偿责任限制公约Convention on Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims, 1976公约公民权利和政治权利国际公约International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights反对劫持人质国际公约International Convention against the Taking of Hostages日内瓦公约Geneva Convention日内瓦各项公约Geneva Conventions民事诉讼程序公约Civil Procedure Convention危害种族罪公约Genocide Convention在海外送达民事或商业事宜中的司法及非司法文件的公约Convention on the Service Abroad of Judicial and Extra-Judicial documents in Civil or Commercial Matters多边公约multilateral convention多边国际公约multi-lateral international conventions防止及惩治危害种族罪公约Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide防止倾倒废物和其它物料污染海洋的公约Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter海牙公约the Hague Convention班轮公会行动守则公约Convention on a Code of Conduct for Liner Conferences纽约公约New York Convention退出公约denounced the Convention国际公约international convention国际油污损害民事责任公约International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage国际海上人命安全公约International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea国际海事星组织(Inmarsat)公约Convention on the International Maritime Satellite Organization (Inmarsat)国际遗嘱公约Convention on International Wills麻醉品单一公约Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs就暂时让货品入口而协议的暂准进口证的海关公约Customs Convention on the A.T.A. Carnet for the Temporary Admission of Goods统一若干有关提单的法律规则国际公约International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of Law relating to Bills of Lading莱茵河航行公约Rhine Navigation Convention电信公约Telecommunication Convention精神药物公约Convention on Psychotropic Substances维也纳领事关系公约Vienna Convention on Consular Relations暂准进口公约Convention on Temporary Admission双边公约bilateral convention关于防止和惩处侵害应受国际保护人员包括外交代表的罪行的公约Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes against Internationally Protected Persons,including Diplomatic Agents引起憎恨<willmigerl>bring into hatred办公时间<willmigerl>business hours高度照顾安老院<willmigerl>care and attention home导致……身体受严重伤害<willmigerl>causes . . . grievous bodily harm to . . .停任<willmigerl>ceasing to hold office高等法院首席法官<willmigerl>Chief Judge of the High Court结算所<willmigerl>clearing house惯性吸食或使用……危险药物<willmigerl>habitual taking or using . . . dangerous drug惯常及经常<willmigerl>habitually and persistently惯常居于……<willmigerl>habitually resident in . . .惯常居于……<willmigerl>habitually resident in . . .海牙-维斯比规则<willmigerl>Hague-Visby Rules半血亲<willmigerl>halfblood同父异母的兄弟姐妹及同母异父的兄弟姐妹<willmigerl>half-brother and half-sister同父异母的兄弟姐妹及同母异父的兄弟姐妹<willmigerl>half-brother and half-sister将……交付……看管<willmigerl>hand . . . over to the custody of . . .将……发下<willmigerl>hand down具有全面效力<willmigerl>have full effect在……中……由法律代表出席<willmigerl>have legal representation . . . at . . .顾及<willmigerl>have regard to . . .听力损失<willmigerl>hearing loss审理上诉<willmigerl>hearing of appeals对……交易所作的对冲安排<willmigerl>hedging of a transaction . . .继承人<willmigerl>heir保有<willmigerl>held扣存在保税仓库<willmigerl>held . . . in bond各别持有<willmigerl>held . . . in severalty以信托方式持有<willmigerl>held . . . upon trust单独持有<willmigerl>held alone认定为真确和有效<willmigerl>held authentic and effectual实质持有<willmigerl>held beneficially持有以供使用<willmigerl>held for use被羁押<willmigerl>held in custody联同持有<willmigerl>held jointly被判须负法律责任<willmigerl>held liable须对……负有法律责任<willmigerl>held liable in respect of以租契方式从政府取得而持有<willmigerl>held on lease from the Government以租契方式从政府取得而持有<willmigerl>held on lease from the Government为……的绝对权益而以信托形式持有<willmigerl>held on trust for . . . absolutely被他人显示<willmigerl>held out被他人显示<willmigerl>held out显示<willmigerl>held out展示<willmigerl>held out by根据租契从政府取得而持有<willmigerl>held under lease from the Government以售产信托方式持有<willmigerl>held upon trust for sale可继承产<willmigerl>herditaments缔约方<willmigerl>High Contracting Party高等法院虏获法庭<willmigerl>High Court in Prize英国高等法院<willmigerl>High Court of England英格兰高等司法院<willmigerl>High Court of Justice in England香港特别行政区高等法院<willmigerl>High Court of The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region香港特别行政区高等法院<willmigerl>High Court of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region公海<willmigerl>high seas较高的按每个人计算的责任限额<willmigerl>higher per capita limit of liability出价最高的真诚竞投人<willmigerl>highest bona fide bidder最高可供计算退休金的薪酬<willmigerl>highest pensionable emoluments任免随……决定<willmigerl>hold office at . . . pleasure任期由……决定<willmigerl>hold office at . . . 's pleasure。

法律词汇英汉对照案件 case案件发回 remand/rimit a case (to a low court)案件名称 title of a case案卷材料 materials in the case案情陈述书 statement of case案外人 person other than involved in the case案值 total value involved in the case败诉方 losing party办案人员 personnel handling a case保全措施申请书 application for protective measures 报案 report a case (to security authorities)被告 defendant; the accused被告人最后陈述 final statement of the accused被告向原告第二次答辩 rejoinder被害人 victim被害人的诉讼代理人 victim's agent ad litem被上诉人 respondent; the appellee被申请人 respondent被申请执行人 party against whom execution is filed被执行人 person subject to enforcement本诉 principal action必要共同诉讼人 party in necessary co-litigation变通管辖 jurisdiction by accord辩护 defense辩护律师 defense attorney/lawyer辩护人 defender辩护证据 exculpatory evidence; defense evidence辩论阶段 stage of court debate驳回反诉 dismiss a counterclaim; reject a counterclaim驳回请求 deny/dismiss a motion驳回上诉、维持原判 reject/dismiss the appeal and sustain the original judgement/ruling驳回诉讼 dismiss an action/suit驳回通知书 notice of dismissal驳回自诉 dismiss/reject a private prosecution驳回自诉裁定书 ruling of dismissing private-prosecuting case补充答辩 supplementary answer补充判决 supplementary judgement补充侦查 supplementary investigation不公开审理 trial in camera不立案决定书 written decision of no case-filing不批准逮捕决定书 written decision of disapproving an arrest不起诉 nol pros。

法学专业课程汉英对照表宪法学 constitution of china民法学 civil law of china刑法学 criminal law经济法学 economic law国际经济法学 international economic law民事诉讼法 civil procedure中国法制史 history of chinese law刑事诉讼法学 criminal procedure行政法学 administrative law国际私法 private international law国际公法 public international law外国民商法学 civil law and commercial law of foreign countries 知识产权概论 introduction to intellectual property国际经济法学 international economic law外国法制史 history of foreign law司法文书 judicial documents法医学 medical jurisprudence刑事诉讼法学 criminal procedure律师公证 lawyer notarization中国法律思想史 history of legal thoughts of china外国法律思想史 history of legal thoughts of foreign countries 环境法学概论 introduction to environmental law犯罪心理学 criminal psychology房地产法规 real estate laws and regulations婚姻家庭史 history of marriage and family。