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带游客参观自己的学校大学英文作文全文共5篇示例，供读者参考篇1Welcome to My Elementary School!Hi there! My name is Jamie and I'm a 4th grader here at Oakwood Elementary. Today I'm going to show you all around our awesome school. Get ready for the grand tour!First up is the front office. This is where you'll find the principal, Mrs. Rodriguez, and her team of helpful staff members. They make sure everything runs smoothly and handle important things like attendance and parent questions. Right next to the office is the nurse's room in case anyone gets a headache or needs a bandage.Now let's head down this hallway to check out some classrooms. These are the kindergarten and 1st grade classes. The little kids have their own wing of the school with lots of colorful decorations on the walls. See those cute alphabet letters and number lines? That's to help the little ones learn. Their classrooms have cubby areas for backpacks and hooks for jackets too. Everything is kid-sized and fun!A little further down is the cafeteria, also known as the cafeteria. This is where we eat lunch every day. There are tons of long tables that get super crowded and noisy when it's lunchtime! The lunch staff serves meals like pizza, chicken nuggets, and my favorite - taco salad day. We can buy milk, juice, or just get water from the fountains. If you pack your own lunch, there are microwaves to heat things up.Outside the cafeteria doors is the playground. It's huge with separate sections for different grade levels. For us older kids there are basketball courts, tetherball poles, and lots of grassy space to run around. The littler kids have a big playscape with slides, bridges, and plenty of mulch underneath. At recess it's definitely a crazy scene with everyone running and screaming!Circling back into the building, let's peek into the music room. This is where we have our weekly music class and put on shows for our parents. See that big black piano? Our music teacher, Mr. Larson, plays beautifully while we sing along. Rows of xylophones, drumsticks, and other instruments line the walls. Music period is my absolute favorite time of the week.Down this other hallway are the upper grade classrooms for 3rd, 4th, and 5th graders. This wing looks a bit more grown up compared to the little kid side. The desks aren't tables anymoreand teachers have bigger whiteboards instead of chalkboards. Lockers line the walls where we store our books and backpacks. You'll spot lots of motivational posters and student artwork hung up too.Before we leave the classroom hallways, you have to see the pride of our school - the library! It's a huge room filled with hundreds of amazing books from floor to ceiling. Big cozy reading chairs and bright lamps make it feel so welcoming. We have library time each week to explore the shelves and check out new books. My friends and I love finding new mystery and fantasy novels to devour.The library computers are hooked up to tons of cool learning websites and games too. Just wait until you see the superhigh-tech computer lab next door with its rows of desktop computers and huge smartboard! That's where we learn coding, graphic design, and all the latest tech skills.Saving the best for last, let's go see the gym! This massive room makes me want to just run laps around and around. Along with physical education classes, we also have big assemblies and performances in the gym when the whole school gathers. Check out that gigantic stage at one end and those fold-out bleacherseats. The climbing ropes and balancing beams are my favorite gym equipment for sure.Whew, I think that's about it! We walked through all the most important hangout spots that make up my elementary school. Was that tour everything you hoped for? Let me know if you have any other questions!In summary, I shared all the major areas like the classrooms, cafeteria, playground, specialty rooms formusic/art/computers/gym, library, and front office. An elementary school truly is its own little kid-friendly universe. I hope you enjoyed this sneak peek into my daily world of learning and fun. Thanks for letting me be your tour guide today! Come back any time.篇2Welcome to Our Awesome School!Hi there! My name is Emily and I'm a fifth grader here at Oakwood Elementary. Today I'm going to show you all around our super cool school. Get ready to see some really neat stuff!First up is the entrance area where you come into the building. We have these big glass doors that automatically open when you walk up to them. Isn't that neat? I always feel like I'mentering a futuristic building from a sci-fi movie. Just past the doors is our "Soar Into Reading" mural painted right on the wall. It shows a bunch of kids riding on books like they're surfing or hang gliding. Mrs. Thompson, our amazing art teacher, got all the students to help paint it a few years ago. She's really talented!If we go through the double doors on the left, we'll enter the cafeteria - my favorite place! This is where we eat breakfast and lunch every day. The best part is the salad bar with all the fresh veggies and fruits. I really like the baby carrots and ranch dressing. They even have little packages of trail mix for a yummy snack! The lunch ladies are super nice too. My friend Jacob's mom is one of them and she always gives me an extra scoop of mashed potatoes when they're serving them.Attached to the cafeteria is the gymnasium, which is right through those big doors over there. That's where we have gym class and get to play all kinds of fun games and sports. Sometimes they even set up big inflatables that we can jump around on! We also have big assemblies and events in the gym when the whole school gets together. It's always a blast.If you follow me down this hallway, I'll show you the section for the youngest kids - the kindergarten and first gradeclassrooms. Their rooms are decorated with lots of bright colors and fun decorations. They have a playground right outside their rooms that has a jungle gym, swings, and one of those rubber ground cover things. We all used to love going out there for recess when we were little! They're one of the first places I take new students on a tour, because it's just so adorable and cheery.Next up is the Media Center, which is our big fancy library. This place is huge! We have thousands and thousands of books on the shelves covering all kinds of topics - fiction, non-fiction, science, history, you name it. If I need a book for a report or just something fun to read, this is where I come. My favorite section is the one with all the graphic novels and comics. Mrs. Peters, the media specialist, is really nice and always helps me find what I need. She even taught us how to do real research using the computer databases and online resources. This is definitely one of the best rooms in the whole school!We're coming up on the computer lab next. In here, we have rows and rows of desktop computers that we use for all kinds of projects and assignments. We started learning coding in this lab starting in third grade, which was really fun. I created a simple video game and an animated story. The computers even have special kid-friendly tools installed to help us with writing,drawing, math practice, and more. I bet you didn't get to use a computer lab like this when you were in elementary school!The rooms straight ahead are for second and third grade. As you can see, the decorations are a little more grown up compared to the kindergarten hall. The teachers really focus on hands-on learning with lots of science projects and group activities. I remember doing a really cool one in third grade where we built these castles out of popsicle sticks and had to make a working drawbridge. We got to bring them home after to keep as a souvenir.Fourth and fifth grade is where we are now with these last couple of rooms. We get a little more independence and responsibilities at this level. For example, we get to go on walking field trips around the neighborhood if we have good behavior. We also start switching classes for different subjects like they do in middle school. My favorite is science from Mr. Davis - he always has us do amazing experiments and projects. Just last month, we got to build these super coolballoon-powered cars to learn about force and motion. I'll have to show you mine later!And finally, we've circled around to the front entrance area again. But before you go, I have to show you one more veryimportant place - the school garden! We have this huge garden area out back where we grow all kinds of fruits, veggies, herbs, and flowers. Every class gets to go work in the garden throughout the year as part of our Environment & Ecology unit. We learn about composting, plant life cycles, and how to care for nature. We even got to harvest some of the crops and foods we grew and eat them for snacks and lunch one day. I tried a radish for the first time and it was so spicy but good! The garden is definitely one of the highlights of our school.Well, that's the full tour! I hope you enjoyed seeing all the awesome things we have at Oakwood Elementary. We're so lucky to have such a great school with so many wonderful teachers and resources. Let me know if you have any other questions! Thanks for visiting us today.篇3My School is the Best! A Tour for VisitorsHi there! My name is Emma and I'm a fourth-grader at Sunshine Elementary School. I'm here to give you a tour and show you why our school is the coolest place ever. Get ready to see everything that makes Sunshine so awesome!First up, we have the playground. This is where the real fun happens at recess time! We've got swings, monkey bars, seesaws, and my favorite - the big twisty slide. The playground is covered in squishy rubber mulch so if you fall, it doesn't hurt too much. Sometimes the fifth-graders like to have mulch fights though, so watch out for flying mulch!Next is the gym, which is huuuuuge. We play all kinds of sports and games in here like basketball, gymnastics, and my least favorite - running laps. The gym also has a rock climbing wall that's super hard but fun to try. The bathrooms here are pretty gross though, so maybe don't use them unless you have to.Walking down the main hallway, you'll see lots of amazing art that we students have made. That giant rainbow tornado? I made that in art club last year! My little brother's handprint artwork is up there too. We have the best art teacher, Mrs. Garcia. She's so nice and always compliments our projects.At the end of the hall is the cafeteria, where we eat breakfast and lunch. The food isn't as good as my mom's cooking, but they have my favorite - rectangular pizza on Fridays! We also have parties and events in the cafeteria sometimes. At the Halloween party, I won the costume contest as a butterfly princess.Outside, you'll find the music portable, which is just a temporary building but it's where we have music class. We learn to play the recorder and lots of other instruments. I'm best at the triangle! Behind the portable, there's the garden that we help take care of and plant vegetables in. We even get to eat them sometimes!Okay, now for the classrooms. My homeroom class is with Mr. Davis and it's pretty cool. We have these liteboards that are like big tablets we can write on. Although sometimes people draw rude pics when Mr. Davis isn't looking! We also have free reading time where we can pick any book and read quietly. I usually pick fantasy books about unicorns and wizards.Down the science hall, there's the science lab where we do experiments. Once we even got to dissect a real shark! It was kinda gross but fascinating. They have these cameras that zoom in on the experiments so you can see everything on the big screen. We learn about the solar system, the human body, and all sorts of geeky science stuff.Don't forget to check out the library - it's huge with tons of books on every topic. They have cozy bean bag chairs to curl up and read in too. We have library time twice a week where we can check out new books. My favorite sections are the fantasy andcomic book areas. I've read every Dog Man book like a hundred times!The computer lab is another cool place with rows of desktop PCs. We learn coding, typing, research skills, and get to play educational games and activities on the computers. Sometimes they let us play fun multiplayer games if we finish our work early.Outside again, you'll find the track where we run during PE. I'm not a huge fan of running to be honest, but they have these cool new rock climbing structures along part of the track that I enjoy.For after-school, we have the YMCA building attached where they run the after-care program. It has a games room, crafts area, homework help, and we can play outside on the playground or gym while we wait for parents to pick us up.Finally, I can't forget the best part of Sunshine - the teachers and staff! They are all so kind, helpful, and make learning fun. The principal, Mr. Edwards, always wears these crazy ties and tells the best jokes during morning announcements. The custodians keep everything spotless and leave us nice chalk drawings sometimes. Even the cafeteria ladies are sweet and give you extra cookies if you ask nicely.Phew, that's the full tour! As you can see, Sunshine Elementary is an amazing place for us kids. We have great facilities, get a well-rounded experience, and genuinely enjoy coming to school each day. It's the best campus ever in my totally unbiased opinion! Let me know if you have any other questions.篇4My School Tour for VisitorsHi tourists! Welcome to my elementary school. My name is Timmy and I'm 10 years old. I'm so excited to show you around my awesome school today! Get ready to see everything - my classroom, the playground, the cafeteria, the gym, and more. Let's get started on the grand tour!First up is my classroom. This is where I spend most of my time during the school day. See those small desks and chairs? That's where we sit and do our work. The teacher's big desk is at the front. She writes lessons on the big whiteboard behind her desk. We learn super cool subjects like math, reading, science, and art in this room.Over there in the corner is the classroom library. We can take books from those shelves to read during quiet time. My favoritebook is about talking dogs that go on adventures! What's your favorite book?Next door is another classroom just like mine. But the room across the hall is the computer lab. That's where we go to practice typing and using computers. Computers are fun but kind of confusing for me. I'd rather just play outside!Speaking of outside, let me show you the playground. This is the best part of school! We love going out here for recess after sitting in the classroom for a long time. The jungle gym is my favorite - I'm a pro at climbing all the way across the monkey bars. The swings are fun too. You get to soar way up high while enjoying the fresh air. Make sure to watch out for the spinning merry-go-round though. It makes you so dizzy if you spin too fast!We even have sports fields and basketball courts out here. During gym class, we play all kinds of fun games like kickball, soccer, and dodgeball. I'm not super athletic yet, but I still have a blast trying my best. After running around like crazy, we get really hot. That's when it's time to head inside for a drink.The cafeteria is where we go for lunch. They have decent food but to be honest, nothing is as tasty as my mom's home cooking. My favorite lunch is pizza day. Even though thecafeteria pizza is a little greasy, it beats the mystery meatloaf any day! We get chocolate milk or juice boxes with our lunch too which is always a treat.Once we're done eating, we burn off some more energy in the gymnasium. The gym has a huge polished wooden floor with basketball hoops at each end. We play games in there when it's too cold or rainy for outdoor recess. Four square, dodgeball, and basketball are fun gymnasium games. Just be careful - that floor can be slippery!One other important room I can't forget about is the music room. That's where we have our singing class once a week. We learn simple songs and get to play musical instruments like xylophones and tambourines. I'm not a great singer but I try my best anyway. The music teacher is really nice and makes class enjoyable.You've now seen all the most important parts of my elementary school. We spend most days rotating between our core classrooms, the computer lab, the gymnasium, and other spaces like the cafeteria and music room. Even though academics can be challenging, my teachers make learning fun and interesting.Recess and PhysEd are definitely my favorite parts of the school day. Nothing beats that feeling of running free and releasing your pent-up energy after sitting still for so long. The playground is like a magical land where we can just be fun-loving, carefree kids without worries.Well, that's the full tour of Mueller Elementary School! I hope you enjoyed seeing it through my eyes. School days seem long, but I truly love coming here to learn and play with my friends. Maybe when you have kids one day, they'll be Students here too! Thanks for visiting my school. It was nice getting to show you around my second home. Come back anytime!篇5Welcome to My School!Hi there! My name is Timmy and I'm a 4th grader here at Sunnyville Elementary School. I'm super excited to show you around my school today! We have so many fun things to see and do.Let's start with the main entrance. This is where we all come into the building first thing in the morning. We line up by class and our teachers come get us to walk to our classrooms. See that big sign up there? It says "Sunnyville Elementary - Home of theSunbeams!" We're the Sunnyville Sunbeams. Our mascot is a bright sun with a smiley face. Isn't he cute?Now come this way and I'll show you my favorite place - the playground! This is where we get to run around, play games, and just have a total blast during recess. That big rounded thing is the merry-go-round. We all grab on and run around in a circle to spin it super fast! Over there are the swings and the seesaw. And you can't miss those tall bright orange slides. They're the best for going zeeeeeoooom! all the way down.Behind the playground is the field where we have P.E. class and play sports like soccer or kickball. We run laps around the track and work up a sweat. It's so much fun! Sometimes we also have outdoor classes out on the field on nice days.Okay, let's head inside now. This is the cafeteria where we eat lunch every day. They have a big kitchen back there where they cook all the food. My favorite days are pizza day and chicken nugget day! We grab our trays, go through the line, and then find a table with our friends to eat. It gets pretty loud and crazy in here!Down this hallway are all the regular classrooms. This is where we learn super important stuff like math, reading, science, and social studies from our teachers. We have individual desks towork at and the teacher has a big dry erase board at the front to write lessons on. Let's peek into Mrs. Thompson's 3rd grade class - you can see they're working on multiplication tables right now. Doesn't look too exciting, huh?The best classrooms are the specialty rooms though! Come with me. This is the art room where we get to paint, draw, make clay sculptures - anything artsy and creative! I love coming here and letting my imagination run wild. Just look at all the colorful artworks hanging on the walls that students have made.Next door is the music room. This is where we learn to play instruments like the drums, xylophone, recorder and more. We sing songs and dance around too. Sometimes we put on little performances for our parents and the other classes. It's where you can really make a joyful noise!At the very end of the hallway is the library. This is one of my favorite places in the whole school! It's just totally peaceful and full of so many amazing books on every topic you can imagine. I love coming here to check out new books and curl up in the beanbags to read them. The librarian is so nice too and helps us find whatever books we want.Almost done now! Let me show you the gym. This place is huge! It's got a polished wood floor for playing games likebasketball, volleyball, and dodgeball. There's even a rock climbing wall on that side! Sometimes they hold assemblies and events in here with all the classes. We have our big school fair in the gym every spring too with games, food and fun activities.Phew, I'm getting tired from all this walking! But I've saved the best for last - the computer lab! This is where we get to go online and learn all about technology. We play fun learning games and get to do coding and build our own websites and videos. Everything in here is totally state-of-the-art with the newest computers and gadgets. I just love computer class!Well, that's pretty much the full tour of my awesome elementary school. I hope you enjoyed getting to see it through my eyes. It's such an amazing place to learn and grow. We have great teachers, cool classes, and so many ways to explore our interests and talents. I'm proud to be a Sunnyville Sunbeam! Let me know if you have any other questions.。
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli SYLLABUS FOR THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BRANCH FOR THE STUDENTS ADMITTED IN THE YEAR 1999-2000COURSE CONTENTIII SEMESTERIT031 Discrete mathematicsIT032 Electronic CircuitsIT033 Circuit TheoryIT034 Data structures & AlgorithmsIT035 Digital TechniquesIT036 C Programming & UnixIT037 C Programming Laboratory & UnixIT038 Electronic Circuits LaboratoryIV SEMESTERIT041 Numerical TechniquesIT042 Communication EngineeringIT043 Microprocessors and Interfacing TechniquesIT044 Systems ProgrammingIT045 Database Management SystemIT046 Object Oriented Programming & DesignIT047 Microprocessors and Interfacing laboratoryIT048 Object Oriented Programming Laboratory using C++.V SEMESTERIT051 Probability Theory & its applicationIT052 Operating SystemsIT053 Computer NetworksIT054 Client Server ComputingIT055 Advanced MicroprocessorsIT056 Software EngineeringIT057 RDBMS LaboratoryIT058 Visual Programming Laboratory using Visual Basic & Visual C++VI SEMESTERIT061 Data CommunicationIT062 Computer GraphicsIT063 Java & Internet ProgrammingIT064 Modeling and SimulationIT065 E CommerceIT066 Management Information SystemsIT067 System Software LaboratoryIT068 Java & Internet Programming LaboratoryVII SEMESTERIT071 Engineering Economics & ManagementIT072 Graph Theory & ApplicationsIT073 Principles of Compiler DesignIT074 Multimedia SystemsIT075 Artificial Intelligence and Expert systemsIT076 Elective IIT077 Graphics & Multimedia LaboratoryIT078 Seminar & Mini ProjectVIII SEMESTERIT081 High speed NetworksIT082 Distributed ComputingIT083 Elective IIIT084 Elective IIIIT085 Project work and Viva VoceELECTIVESELECTIVE – IITEL01 Image ProcessingITEL02 Digital Signal ProcessingITEL03 Pattern RecognitionE LECTIVE – IIITEL04 Computing with Artificial Neural NetworksITEL05 Natural Language ProcessingITEL06 Speech RecognitionE LECTIVE – IIIITEL07 Broad Band CommunicationITEL08 Web TechnologyITEL09 Mobile ComputingIII SEMESTERIT031 DISCRETE MATHEMATICSUNIT – 1Mathematical LogicStatement and Notation, Connectives – Negation, conjunction , Disjunction, statement formulas and truth tables, conditional and biconditional, well - formed formulas, tautologies, equivalence of formulas, duality law, tautological implications.UNIT – 2Set TheoryBasic concepts of set theory – Notation, Inclusion and Equality of sets, the power set, some operation on sets. Relations, properties of binary relation in a set, equivalence relations. Functions – Definition and introduction, composition of functions, inverse functions.UNIT – 3Algebraic StructuresAlgebraic systems : Examples and General properties – Definition and examples – some simple algebraic systems and General properties semigroups and monoids – Definitions and examples, Homomorphism of semigroups and monoids – subsemigroups and submonoids.UNIT – 4GroupsGroups : Definitions and examples, sub groups and homomorphism, cosets and Lagrange’s theorem, Normal subgroups. Algebraic systems with two binary operations. UNIT – 5Recurrence Relations and Recursive AlgorithmsRecurrence Relations, Linear recurrence relations with constant coefficients, Homogeneous solutions, particular solutions, total solutions, solution by the method of generating function.TEXT BOOKS1. J.P. TREMBLAY and R. MANOHAR : Discrete Mathematical Structures withapplications to computer science, McGraw Hill, 1975.2. C. L. Liu, Elements of Discrete Mathematics, McGraw Hill, 1987REFERENCE BOOK1. M.A. Arbib, A.J. Kfowry and R.N.Moul, A Basis for Theoretical Computer Science,Springer Verlag, 1988.IT032 ELECTRONICS CIRCUITSUNIT – 1DIODES AND APPLICATIONSDiodes – characteristics – rectification – diode specifications – rectifier configurations for power supplies – ripple factor – filtering – capacitance, LC and -filters – line and load regulation definition. Zener diode – characteristic – use as a voltage regulator in power supply. Applications of diode to Clipping, Clamping and Voltage doubling circuits, inductive loads and diode protection. Application of other types of diodes – Schottky, Varactor and LEDs.UNIT – 2TRANSISTORS AND APPLICATIONSTransistors – characteristics – low frequency model – h parameters and specifications of transistors. Transistor as a switch and application to ON/OFF control. Amplifier classifications – Transistor amplifiers POINT/Biasing stabilization CE, CC and CB configurations – advantages and disadvantages. Concept of feedback – positive and negative feedback – advantages and disadvantages of feedback.UNIT – 3LOW FREQUENCY TRANSISTOR AMPLIFIER CONFIGURATIONSSingle and multistage class A amplifiers – effect of coupling capacitors – gain and frequency response. Emitter follower and phase splitter configurations Class B operations – push pull amplifiers. Class C amplifiers – tuned amplifiers. Differential amplifiers, Boot strapping and Darlington configurations.UNIT – 4HIGH FREQUENCY AMPLIFIERS AND POWER SUPPLIESTransistors at high frequencies, high frequency ac model – high frequency amplifier configurations and design of wideband and tuned amplifiers. High speed switching of transistors.Typical power supply circuits using base regulated, 3 pin regulars, IC 723 and concept of switched mode power supplies.UNIT – 5OSCILLATORS AND OTHER DEVICESCondition for oscillations – types of oscillators – RC phase shift – LC and Weinbridge oscillators, crystal controlled oscillators, quadrature and relaxation oscillators.Field effect transistors, characteristics, types of FET amplifier circuits, FET as a variable resistor and switch. Characteristics and applications of UJT, SCR, TRIAC and DIAC REFERENCE BOOKS1. Millman and Halkias, “Integrated Electronics”, Tata McGraw Hill2. Nashelsky and Boylestead, “Electronic Devices and Circuits Theory”3. Malvino A.P. “Electronic Principles”, Tata McGraw Hill.4. Salivahanan, “Electron Devices and Circuits”, Tata McGraw Hill5. Horowitz and Hill, “The Art of Electronics”, Cambridge University Press.IT033 CIRCUIT THEORYUNIT – 1Circuit analysis – Network graphics – Concept of branch, line, tree and cotree, kirchoff laws. Matrix representation and solution of dc and ac networks – Node and loop basis – Dual networks. Parameters of Electrical circuits R, L,C- Energy sources. Solution of simple RLC series and parallel circuits, Transient and steady state repines of RL, RC & RLC series circuits for step and sinusoidal input. Concept of computer programming and pole zero plots.UNIT – 2Network theorem &transformation types of networks, active and passive, linear & nonlinear, unilateral and bilateral linked and distributed networks. Voltage & current source transformation. – star delta transformation. Network theorem: Superposition theorem Thevenins theorem, Norton’s, Maximum power transfer theorem, Tellegen’s theorem, substitution theorem, Milkman’s theorem statements and applications – simple problems.UNIT – 3Resonance and coupled circuits: Series and parallel circuits, effect of Q band width.Selectivity of resonance circuits. Self and mutual inductance Coefficient of coupling series and parallel connection of coupled inductor. Analysis of coupled circuits, single tuned and double tunned circuits, frequency response of tuned coupled circuits.UNIT – 4Two port Networks : Driving point and transfer impedance/admittance – voltage and current ratios of two port Networks. Admittance, impedance, hybrid, transmission and image parameters for two port networks, Impedance matching, pi, T, Ladder and lattice network.UNIT – 5Filters : Passive filter as a two port network, characteristics of ideal filter – low pass and high pass filter, specification of filter characteristics, Butterworth and chebyshev approximation, synthesis of low pass filter.- magnitude and frequency normalization.Synthesis of high pass, bandpass and band stop filters through frequency transformation. REFERENCES:1. Sudhakar - Shyammohan– Circuits & networks TMH2. Van Valkenberg – Network analysis PHI3. S.C. Gupta etal Circuit analysis – Wiley eastern4. Van Valkenberg – Introduction to Modern Network synthesis – Wiley Eastern.5. V.K. Aatre – Network theory & filter design Wiley Eastern6. Joseph Edminister – Electronic circuits Analysis – Schaumsenin.7. Hayt & Kommersly – Engg circuit Analysis – McGraw Hill8. Franklin kuo Network Analysis & Synthesis Wiley eastern.9. Arumugam Premkumar – Circuit theory – Kanna Publishers.10. John D Ryder “Network, Lines & fields”IT034 DATA STRUCTURES AND ALGORITHMSUNIT – 1Introduction : - Overview, SPARKS. Arrays – Axiomatization, ordered lists, sparse matrices, Representation of arrays – STACKS & - QUEUES – Fundamentals, Evaluation of Expressions.UNIT – 2LINKED LISTS : - Singly linked lists, The storage pool, Polynomial additions, more on linked lists, doubly linked lists and dynamic storage management, Generalised Lists.Garbage collection and compactions.UNIT – 3Trees: Basic terminology, binary trees, binary tree representations, binary tree traversals, binary representations of trees, applications of trees.Graphs: Terminology and representations, Traversals, connected components and spanning trees. Shortest paths and transitive closure.UNIT – 4Introduction, Analysing algorithms – Divide – And – Conquer. The general method, Binary search, Linear search, Indexed sequential search, Hash searching finding the maximum and minimum, mergesort, quicksort, selection sorting algorithm and analysis.UNIT – 5The Greedy method: The general method, optimal storage on tapes, Knapsack problem, job sequencing with deadlines, minimum spanning tree, single source shortest paths.Dynamic programming, Backtracking – General method, the 8-Queen problem.Elementary Treatment only.TEXT BOOKS:1. Ellis Horowitz, Sartaj sahni “Fundamentals of Data structures” Galgotia Book source,New Delhi.2. Ellis Horowitz, Sartaj Sahni “Fundamentals of computer Algorithms” Galgotia Booksource, New Delhi.REFERENCES:1. Jean Paul Tremblay and paul. G.Soresson, “An Introduction to Data Structures withApplications “, McGraw Hill.2. Theory and problems of Data structures – seymour Libschutxz. McGraw Hill InternationalEditions (Schaum’s outline series)3. Aho, Hopcroft Ullmam, “The Design and Analysis of Computer Algorithms”Addition Wesley publishing company.IT035 DIGITAL TECHNIQUESUNIT - 1NUMBER SYSTEMS & CODES:Review of Binary, Octal and Hexadecimal representations of numbers and their conversion. Signed numbers. Floating point number representation. Binary arithmetic.Weighted and non-weighted binary codes, error detecting & correcting codes.Alphanumeric codes.BOOLEAN ALGEBRA: Introduction to Boolean Algebra. Theorems. AND, OR, NOT,NAND, NOR & EX-OR operations, truth tables. Boolean expressions. Universal buildingblocks.UNIT – 2MINIMIZATION OF LOGIC FUNCTIONS:Sum of the products and Product of sums representations. Minimization of Booleanexpressions using algebraic, K-map and Tabular method. Minimization of multipleoutput functions.COMBINATIONAL LOGIC CIRCUITS: Analysis of logic schematics, Synthesis ofcombinational functions, Multiplexers, De-Multiplexers, code converters, decoders.Implementation of combinational functions using Multiplexers.UNIT - 3ARITHMETIC CIRCUITS:Adder, carry lookahead adder, number complements, substraction using adders –signed number addition and subtraction – BCD adders. IC adders.FLIP-FLOP : Basic latch circuit, Debouncing of a switch, Flip-flops truth table andexcitation table. Integrated circuit flip-flops. Latch timing conditions. Analysis ofsequential circuits with latches, transition table, transition diagram and state table.Analysis of sequential circuit with feedback loops. Races in sequential circuits.Essential Hazards and techniques for controlling hazards.UNIT - 4COUNTERS:Asynchronous and synchronous counter design – down counter, general BCD counter,counter Ics, ring counter, digital clock.SHIFT REGISTERS: Serial in, serial/parallel out; Parallel in, Right/left serial shiftregisters. Shift counters, universal shift register. Application of shift register in keyboardentry of decimal data.UNIT - 5SEMICONDUCTOR MEMORIES:Bipolar inverter, DTL, TTL, ECL, IIL, and their comparison. Semiconductor memories:ROM,RAM,EPROM, EEPROM, DRAMS. External organization of semiconductormemories and timing characteristics. Flash type memories. PLA.TEXT BOOKS :1. W.H.GOTHMANN, “Digital Electronics: An introduction to theory and practice”,PHI, New Delhi, 1986.2. THOMAS L.FLOYD: Digital Fundamentals, 3rd edition, UBS, New Delhi, 1998.3. MORRIS MANO: Digital design, 2nd edition, PHI, New Delhi, 1998.REFERENCES :1. C.G.FONSTAD, “Microelectronic Devices & Circuits”, McGraw Hill.2. MILLMAN & GRABEL, “ Microelectronics”, 2nd edition, McGraw Hill.3. HEISERMAN, “Hand book of digital IC applications”, Prentice Hall Inc, 1980.IT036 C PROGRAMMING & UNIXUNIT – 1History of C – Structure of C program – Character set – C tokens (Keywords, identifiers, constants, strings operators and special symbols) – Data types – Declaration and Assigning of variables – operators and expressions – Precedence of operators – typecasting and conversion in expression – I/O function – Header files.UNIT – 2Decisions making – Branching – looping statements – Arrays (One dimensional & 2 dimensional) – string handling – function (user defined, built-in) recursive function – storage class – Preprocessor statements.UNIT – 3Structures – Unions – Pointers using arrays, strings, functions, structures – pointer to pointer – call by value – call by reference – Dynamic memory allocation (malloc, calloc, free, sizeof) – file management.UNIT – 4Introduction to Unix Operating System – features of Unix system – multi-user multiprocessor, background, foreground-logging in, logging out and other basic commands – using the file system: working with file, file permissions, file security and directories – using the : C Shell, Bourne shell, Kernal shell – Vi editor and its commands. UNIT – 5Filters - pipes – shell programming – shell procedures – shell variables – control structures – shell functions – electronic mail.REFERENCES:1. B.Gottfried, “Programming with C” Schaum series, Tata McGraw Hill, 1996.2. E. Balagurusamy, “Programming in ANSI C” Tata McGraw Hill, 2nd edn, 1995.3. B.W. Kernighan and Ritchie, “The C Programming Language” PHI4. S.DAS, “UNIX Concepts and applications” Tata McGraw Hill, 2nd Edition, 1998.5. Stephen G. Kochan and Patrick H. Wood, “Exploring the UNIX System” Heyden Books,2nd Edition.IT037 C PROGRAMMING & UNIX LABORATORY1. Programs on arithmetic operations.Like simple and compound interest, Celsius to Fahrenheit conversions etc.2. Programs on control structures.Like roots of quadratic equations, sine, cosine series etc.3. Programs on arrays manipulation.Like matrix addition, matrix multiplication, symmetric matrix etc.4. Programs on strings manipulation.Like palindrome, pattern searching etc.5. Programs on functions and recursive functions.Like factorial of a number, towers of Hanoi, generation of fibonacci series.6. Programs on pointers.Like sorting and searching etc.7. Programs on files and dynamic memory allocation.Applications like payroll processing, student details etc.8. Study of basic UNIX commands and editors.9. Study of UNIX filters like grep, awk etc.10. UNIX shell programming.To decide the maximum computer time to be allotted for a user.To decide the maximum page print outs an user can take.To restrict the data storage space.To write house keeping routines (to remove unwanted files based on the last date to access)11. Writing a C program to implement UNIX commands like cat, cp, etc.12. Writing a C program to implement grep, sed, etc.IT038 ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS LABORATORY1. Characteristics of semi-conductor diode and zener diode.2. Half-wave, Full-wave and Bridge rectifier circuits without and with filters – calculation ofripple for varying loads.3. Truth table for AND, OR, NAND,EX-OR, Half adder, full adder.4. Zener as shunt regulator study. Stability of system for varying in font voltages and loads.5. Single stage transistor CE amplifier design study of gain and frequency response.6. Two stage transistor CE amplifier- design, study of gain and frequency response.Study of gain and frequency response for change in coupling capacitance.7. Common collector amplifier and phrace splitter using transistor.8. Transistor as a switch – design and check response to LDR/Fulse.9. Weinbridge oscillator, RC coupled face shift oscillator to check the condition foroscillation, monitor the face at the appropriate points.10. Hartley, colpitts and relaxation oscillators. Generation of square wave using crystal andgates.11. FET as a voltage controlled resistor.12. Power supplies (a) using base regulated power supplies. (b) using three pin regulators (c)using 723.13. Measure the (a) Input bias current. (b) Input offset current. (c) Input offset voltage. (d)slow rate of the gives OP Amp.14. Concept voltage controlled amplifier using differential amplifier circuit.15. Use of 555 in a stable, monostable and bistable mode.16. Study for the three fixed terminal (78052 7905 regulator, load regulator, line regulator)and observe its short circuit protection property.17. OP amp as an inverting, non-inverting and summing amplifier. Study of frequencyresponse and gain.IV SEMESTERIT041 NUMERICAL TECHNIQUESUNIT – 1Transcendental, Polynomial and equations– iteration method based on second degree equation – Rate of convergence – Iteration methods – method for complex roots – Polynomial equations.UNIT – 2System of linear algebraic equations and Eigen value problems – Direct methods – Triangularisation, Cholesky and partition methods – Error analysis – Iteration methods – eigen values and eigen vectors – Jacobis method, Given’s method, Rutishaugher method and power method.UNIT – 3Interpolation and Approximation – Hermite Interpolations – Piecewise and splene interpolation – Bivariate Interpolation – Approximation – Least squares approximation – Uniform approximation.UNIT – 4Differentiation and integration – Numerical Differentiation – Partial Differentiation – Numerical Integration methods based on undetermined co-efficients – Double Integration. UNIT - 5Ordinary differential equations – Numerical methods – Single step methods – Multi step methods – Predictor – Corrector methods.REFERENCE BOOKS:M.K.Jain, S.R.K.Iyengar and R.K. Jain – Numerical methods for scientific and engineering computation (third edition) Wiley Eastern Limited, 1987IT042 COMMUNICATION ENGINEERINGUNIT – 1Methods of electromagnetic wave propagation – Frequency spectrum.Modulation Techniques (Principles only)Need for modulation – Amplitude and angle modulation (FM & PM) – Mathematical equations – Spectra – side bands – Bandwidth - Power relations – Modulation index – Phasor diagram – Comparison of AM, FM and PM – SSB – Advantages – Sampling theorem – Analog pulse modulations – PAM and PTM (PPM and PDM or PWM) Digital pulse or coded modulations – PCM, PDM – Properties like spectra, waveforms. BW and SNR – CW modulation for digital signals – ASK, COK, FSK, PSK multiplexing systems for pulsed and CW modulations – TDM and FDM – Comparison of features and merits.UNIT – 2Modulation methods or ModulatorsGeneration of AM waves – Linear modulations, Collector, base and Emitter modulation – Square – Law modulations: Diode and balanced modulators – Suppression of carrier – SSB generation methods – Generation of FM waves – Reactance modulator method (direct method) – Armstrong method (Indirect method) – Conversion FM to PM and PM to FM waves – Generation PAM, PPM and PWM waves – Conversion of PWM wave to PPM wave.UNIT – 3Demodulation methods or detectorsDemodulation of AM waves – Linear detectors; Synchronous and envelope detectors - Performance comparison. Demodulation of FM waves – Slope detector – Balanced slope detector – Foster-Seely discriminator – Ratio detector – Demodulation of PAM, PPM, PWM, PCM, PDM waves – Errors.UNIT – 4Communication SystemTransmitters and receivers – Class C RF amplifier – Class B pushpull linear amplifier – Low level and high level modulation systems – Their comparison – AM transmitter – SSB transmitter – ISB transmitter – FM transmitter – Direct and Armstrong transmitter – Straught receiver (TRF) superheterodyne AM receiver – Communication receiver – SSB receivers – Diversity reception – FM receivers.UNIT – 5Communication services (Elementary treatment only)Radar: Basic radar system – Radar range equation – Pulsed radar systems.Television: Picture elements – Transmission and reception of picture information – Motion picture – Horizontal and vertical scanning frequencies – TV transmitter – TV receiver – TV channels – Satellite communication – Read – orbit – Satellite altitude – Transmission path – its loss – Satellite system.Fibre optical communication: Need – Principles of light transmission in a fiber – Optical fiber communication system – Optical fiber – Light sources – Photo detectors – Advantages.TEXT BOOK1. Communication Electronics – Deshpande, N.D., etal., Tata McGraw Hill Publishing CoLtd., 1989.REFERENCES1. Electronic of communication systems – Kennedy McGraw Hill2. Principles of communication engineering – Anokh singh S. Chand & Co., 1991.3. Electronic communications – Roddy, D and Coolen. J. Prentice Hall of India P. Ltd., 1987.IT043 MICRO PROCESSORS & INTERFACING TECHNIQUESUNIT – 1INTRODUCTION TO 8085 MICROPROCESSOR8085 Microprocessor Architecture, Bus organization, Registers, ALU, control section, instruction set of 8085, Instruction format, Addressing modes. Types of Instructions.UNIT – 2ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE PROGRAMMING AND TIMING DIAGRAMAssembly language programming in 8085, Macros, Labels and Dire ctives.Microprocessor timings, Micro instructions, Instruction cycle. Machine cycles, T states.State transition diagrams, timing diagram for different machine cycles.UNIT – 3SERIAL I/O, INTERRUPTS AND COMPARISON OF CONTEMPORARY MICROPROCESSORS.Serial I/O using SID, SOD, Interrupts in 8085, RST instructions. Issues in implementing interrupts, Multiple interrupts and priorities, Daisy chaining, Interrupt handling in 8085, Enabling, disabling and masking of interrupts. Brief comparison of contemporary 8-bit microprocessors like Z-80, M68000 with 8085.UNIT – 4DATA TRANSFER TECHNIQUESData Transfer Techniques, Programmed data transfer, Parallel data transfer using 8155.Programmable parallel ports and handshake input/output. Asynchronous and Synchronous data transfer using 8251A. Programmable interrupt controller 8259A. DMA transfer, cycle stealing and burst mode of DMA, 8257 DMA controller.UNIT – 5MICROPROCESSOR INTERFACING TECHNIQUESInterfacing memory and I/O devices, Addressing memory, interfacing static RAMs, Interfacing and refreshing dynamic RAMs, Interfacing a keyboard, interfacing LED and seven segment displays, Interfacing a printer, Interfacing A/D converters, D/A converters.TEXT BOOK1. R.S. Gaonkar, Microprocessor Architecture, Programming and applications with the8085/8080A, Wiley Eastern Ltd., Second edition, 1986.2. A.H. Muhopadhyay, “Microprocessor Based Laboratory Experiments and Projects”,Wheel Publishing, 1997.REFERENCES1. D.V. Hall, Micrpprocessors and Digital systems, McGraw Hill International studentsedition, 1986.2. A.P. Mathur, “Introduction to Microprocessors”, 3rd edition Tata McGraw Hill, 1989.IT044 SYSTEMS PROGRAMMINGUNIT – 1Introduction – System software – Machine structure – Hypothetic computer model - Instruction set – Existing computer systems segmentation concepts – Internal operation. UNIT – 2Intel 80386 architecture – Addressing modes – Instruction set with example - MASM – Assembler – Directive Programming examples using MASM on an IBM PC - Interrupt services in MASM programs.UNIT – 3Assemblers – Functions – Machine dependent and independent features – Assembler design symbol table – Macro processors – Functions – Features, design issues –Implementation examples.UNIT – 4Loaders and linkers – Basic functions – Different schemes – Design issues.UNIT – 5Compilers – Software tools – editors – Interpreters – Program generators - Interactive debugging system – Subroutine and Parameter passing.TEXT BOOK1. D.M. Dhamdhere – Introduction to systems software - Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co.,1986.REFERENCE BOOKS:1. Leland L.Beck – System software; An Introduction to system programming – AddisonWesley Publishing Co., 1985.2. Peter Norton/Richard Wilton – The New peter Norton Programmer’s guide to the IBM PCand PS2 – Microsoft Press. 1988.IT045 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMUNIT – 1Introduction to Database systems, Overview, File systems versus a DBMS, Describing and storing Data in a DBMS, Queries in a DBMS, Concurrent Access and Crash Recovery, Structure of a DBMS, Advantages of a DBMS, the Relational Model, Relations, Integrity Constraints, Enforcing integrity Constraints, Query Languages. Relational Algebra and Calculus, Preliminaries, Relational Algebra, Relational Calculus, Expressive Power of Algebra and Calculus – Data Models – Normalization.UNIT – 2SQL : The Query language. The form of a Basic SQL Query, UNION, INTERSECT and EXCEPT, Nested Queries, introduction to Nested Queries, Correlated Nested Queries.Set Comparison Operators, Aggregate Operators. The GROUP BY and HAVING clauses. Null Values, Comparisons using Null values, logical connectives AND, OR and NOT, impact on SQL constructs, Outer Joins, Disallowing, Cursors, Basic cursor definition and usage, Properties of cursors, Dynamic SQL. Queries in complex integrity constraints, constraints over a single Table, Domain Constraints, Assertions : Ics over Several tables.UNIT – 3SECURITY, VIEWS AND SQL :Introduction to Database security, Views, Destroying Altering Tables and views, Queries on Views, Update on views, Access control, Grant and Revoke on views and Integrity constraints, Mandatory Access control, Multilevel Relations and Polyinstantiation, Convert channels, DOD security levels, Additional issues related to security, Role of the Database Administrator, security in statistical Data base, Encryption.QUERY_BY_EXAMPLE(QBE)Introduction, Basic QBE Queries, Other features: Duplicates, Ordering Answer, Queries over Multiple relations, Negation in the Relation name column, Aggregates, The conditions Box, AND OR Queries, Unnamed columns, Updates, Restrictions on Update commands, Division and Relational Completeness.UNIT - 4EVALUATION OF RELATIONAL OPERATORSIntroduction to Query processing, Access paths, Preliminaries : The Selection operation, No index Unsorted data, No index sorted data, B+ Tree index, Hash index, equality selection. General selection conditions, CNF and Index matching, selections without disjunction, selection with disjunction, The projection operation, Projection based on sorting, Projection based on Hashing, sorting versus hashing for projections, use of indexes for projections. The join operation, Nested loops join, sort-merge join, Hash – join General join conditions. The set operations, sorting for Union and Difference, Hashing for Union and difference, Aggregate Operations, Implementing Aggregation by using an index, The impact of Buffering.UNIT – 5TRANSACTION MANAGEMENTRecovery – Concurrency – Security – Optimization – Type inheritance – Distributed Databases – Decision support – Temporal databases – Logic based Databases.Text Books :1. “Database Management Systems” Raghu Ramakrishnan – McGraw Hill Internationaleditions – 1998.2. “An Introduction to Database systems”.C.J. Date – Seventh Edition3. “Fundamentals of Database Systems”,R. Elmasri and S.B. Navathe,The Benjamin / Cumming Pub.Co.-3rd Edition – 2000.Reference Books:1. “Introduction to Database System” Bipin Desai – Galgotia publications Ltd.,2. “Database system concepts”, Abraham siberschatz, Henry F.Korth S. Sudarshan –3rd Edition - McGraw Hill International Edition.。
Section ⅣUsing LanguageANDY—THE ANDROIDI'm part of an android football team.About once a year we are allowed to get together to play a game of football①.I'm as big as a human.In fact，I look like one too.On the football team I'm a striker[(足球的)前锋] so I have to be able to run very fast.My puter chips help me to move and think like a human.For example，I have learned to signal(发信号) to my teammates in puter language to give me the ball when I am open and have a good shot② for a goal[(进球)得分]．机器人安迪我是机器人足球队的一个成员。
每年大约有一次，我们可以获准在一起进行一次足球赛。
我同真人一样大小。
事实上我看上去也很像人。
我在球队中是前锋，所以我需要跑得非常快。
我的电脑芯片帮助我像真人一样运动和思考。
例如，当我前面没人防守有机会射一个好球的时候，我已经学会了用计算机语言向队友示意把球传给我。
[助读讲解]①to play...为不定式短语作目的状语。
②shot n．投篮；射门；when引导时间状语从句。
team went to Seattle，Washington in the USA.We won second place.Personally，I think the team that won first place cheated.They had developed a new type of program just before the petition.So we need to encourage our programmer to improve our intelligence too.We are determined to create an even better system.In a way our programmer is like our coach(教练)．She programs us with all the possible moves she has seen while watching human games③.Then she prepares reliable moves to use if a new situation arises(出现；发生)．In this way I can make up new moves using my “artificial intelligence”④.I would really like to play against a human team，for I have been programmed to act just like them.After all，with the help of my electronic brain which never forgets anything，using my intelligence is what I'm all about⑤！我第一次踢足球比赛是几年前在日本的名古屋。
