降低颅内压 :甘露醇 ,速尿,白蛋白
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8
颅内动脉瘤的手术治疗
SAH后早期手术,切除越早,再出血可能性越小;一般72h 内,或超早期,18h内;或12d后(4-12d:脑组织水肿,血 管痉挛高危期)。
Hunt & Hess 分级0-Ⅲ级;近年扩展至更高评分的患者。
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9
颅内动脉瘤的手术方式
开颅动脉瘤手术:动脉瘤颈夹闭或结扎术 载瘤动脉夹闭或搭桥动脉瘤孤立术 动脉瘤包裹术 开颅动脉瘤栓塞术
神经功能缺失症状 Ⅲ级 嗜睡、谵妄、意识模糊,轻度神经功能缺失症状 Ⅳ级 昏迷,偏瘫,早期去脑强直、自主神经功能紊乱 Ⅴ级 深昏迷,去脑强直、濒死状态
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7
颅内动脉瘤的非手术治疗
卧床休息、镇静、抗癫痫、镇痛、导泻
控制性降压:降低10-20% 高血压患者,SBP降低30-35%
脑血管痉挛:预防用尼莫同 容量负荷,诱发性高血压
颈内-眼动脉、颈内动脉分叉处、大脑前动脉远端较少见
10%位于脑底动脉环的后半部:基底动脉顶端
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4
Most-common sites of saccular aneurysms.
Most are located on or near the circle of Willis. More than 90% are located at one of the following five sites: (a) the internal carotid artery at the level of the posterior communicating artery; (b) the junction of the anterior cerebral and anterior communicating arteries; (c) the proximal bifurcation of the middle cerebral artery; (d) the junction of the posterior cerebral and basilar arteries, and (e) the bifurcation of the carotid artery into the anterior cerebral and middle cerebral arteries.