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The Infinitive最终版

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The Infinitive动词不定式动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式。

由“to+动词原形”构成, 其否定形式是“not/never to do”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。

不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。

一.结构: to do(否定) not/never to do二. 时态与语态(1).They pretended not to see us.(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎/发生在它之后.)(2). He pretended to be sleeping.(在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行)(3).She pretended to have known it before.完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)4).We’re happy to have been working with you.(完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续)I opened the door __________(enter)the room.2. Mr. Smith is going to attend the meeting _ _________(hold) tomorrow.3. Robert is said_________________ (study)abroad, but I didn’t know what country he studied in.4. I am sorry________________(keep) you waiting so long.5. He didn’t l ike ___________ (laugh at).6. He claimed _________________ (badly treat )in the supper market when he was doing shopping yesterday.7. The teacher told us ___________( not be ) late again.一、用法To do that sort of thing is foolish。

I want to see you this evening.All you have to do is to finish it quickly.We found a house to live in.She came here to study English.warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation.1. 主语To see is to believe.It’s important to learn English well .•单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数•若不定式太长,往往用it作形式主语,不定式置后2. 表语My job _______ to help the patient.Your task ______ to clean the classroom.常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：want, agree, afford, attempt, choose, dare, decide, demand, deserve, determine, fail, expect, get,hate, hesitate, hope, intend, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, tend, wish。

4. 宾补引导不定式作宾补的动词：warn, tell, allow, help, ask, force等+sb to do sthThe teacher told me to clean the blackboard.I expect you to give me some help.(1.)使役动词：三使(2.)感官动词一感觉:二听五看注意(1.)在使役动词let, make, have和感官动词feel; hear,listen to; watch,see, notice, look at,observe等后面,不定式作宾语补足语时要省“to” （注:被动语态不能省to）e.g. I made him do his work.(2.) help 后面的“to”可省去e.g. They often help the grandma (to) carry water(3) 不定式用在介词but, except, besides后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的任何一种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to.She could do nothing but cry.You have no choice but to go.What do you like to do besides sleep?5. 定语I have something to say.He has a lot of homework to do .He is looking for a room to live in .There is nothing to worry about.(如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词.)请给我一支写字的笔.________________________________________________________________________6 作状语(1.) 表示目的: toin order toso as toI came here to see you.He spoke loudly (so as / in order) to be heard.He got up early to catch the train.(2.) 表示原因:不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作状语, sorry, surprised, happy, glad, eager, angry, right, wrong, rude, cruel, disappointed等。

eg: I’m glad / pleased to see you.We were surprised to hear the news.(3.) 结果状语:so + adj. / adv. + as to do…such + adj. + n. +as to do…adj. / adv.+ enough + to doHe was so foolish as to believe it.= He was such a fool as to believe it.= He was foolish enough to believe it.注意:不定式往往表示与主观愿望相反的结果。

He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.7.插入语To tell the truth, I don’t agree with you.类似的结构•to be frank,•to be honest,•To begin with,四、疑问词+不定式疑问词who,which, when, how, what等与不定式连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。

He didn’t know what to say. (宾语) 他不知道说什么。

How to solve the problem is very important.(主语) 如何解决这个问题很重要。

My question is when to start. (表语)我的问题是什么时候开始。

注意：1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要省略该动词.A: — Would you like to go with me ?B: —I’d like to .2). 不定式是to be 结构, be 不可省.A: — Would you like to be a teacher?B: —I’d like to be.四、动词不定式的复合结构：1)for sb. to do sth2) (It is +性格adj+)of sb. to do sth性格adj：nice, kind, cruel, thoughtful, careful, careless…It is very important for us to learn English.It is difficult for him to finish the task in such a short time.It is very nice of you to help me.It was careless of him to make such a mistake.1 填空。

I opened the door ________________(enter)the room.2. Mr. Smith is going to attend the meeting _ ________________(hold)tomorrow.3. Robert is said_______________(study)abroad, but I didn’t know what country he studied in.4. I am sorry______________(keep) you waiting so long.5. He didn’t like ______________ (laugh).6. He claimed ________________(badly treat)in the supper market when he was doing shopping yesterday.7. The teacher told us ______________(be ) late again.5. It might be better __________ (try) ______________ (discuss) in his own language as he isn’t used to _____________(speak) in English yet.6. _________(see) from the hilltop, the lake is extremely beautiful.7. If you couldn’t get anything _________ (open) the beer bottle with, why not ________ (try) __________(open) it with your teeth.8. When I open the door I noticed someone _________(sit) by her side ____________(talk) with her.9. He ran all the way to the station only __________ (find) the train had left.10. ----Did he manage _____________ (carry) the truck upstairs?----No, he didn’t. he isn’t strong enough even __________ (move) it.11. She remembered ___________ (pass) on most of the information, but she forgot ____________ (mention) one or two of the most important facts.12. The enemy was reported ________________ (run) away two days before.2.Translation1.我能听到你的声音真高兴。

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the infinitive

the infinitive

Grammar & Writing
The infinitive 不定式
To do sth
1.
To learn English is very important in the （主语） modern world. It is very important to learn English in the modern world. （宾语） 2. I decide to work harder at my study this term. （宾语） 3. I didn’t know how to answer the question. 4. My work is to teach you English. （表语） 5. The problem is how to find him after such a long （表语） time.
（状语，表示原因）
1. 你是什么时候学会骑自行车的。。
When did you learn to ride a bike?
2. 我决定暑假去青岛旅游。 I decide to go to Qingdao for a trip this summer vacation.
3. 为了赶上早班火车，我早上一大早就起来了。 To catch the early train, I got up very early
To do sth
6. The family is looking for a new house （定语） to live in. I have nothing to say about this matter. 7. To improve your spoken English, you should read English aloud in the morning. （状语，表示目的） 8. It’s very kind of you to say so.
The-infinitive-动词不定式

The-infinitive-动词不定式


构成形式
作 用
例 句
who what which how 等＋to do where when
主 When to start has 语 not been decided.
表 The question is 语 where to go. 宾 I don’t know how to 语 do.
宾 Nobody told us 补 what to do.
2. It takes sb. some time to do sth. It takes me half an hour to choose an outfit.
3.若形容词侧重于评价人物的特性、特征， 则构成不定式符合结构的介词应为of It be adj. /n. of sb. to do sth.
作宾语 (v. + to do ) I want to buy a computer. She hopes to find a better job. I wish to go with you.
口诀 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装； 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。 decide/ determine, learn, want, expert/hope/wish refuse, manage, care, pretend volunteer, promise, choose, plan, order, agree, ask/beg, help
比较： I heard her singing in the next room. （正在唱） I heard her sing in the next room. （听完全过程）
作状语 (adverbial)：表示目的、原因、结果
He came to show me his new CD player. (目的) I went there to see my teacher. (目的)
动词不定式

动词不定式

高考英语复习系列之：1.动词不定式的完成式(Perfect infinitive)动词不定式的完成式由“to+have+动词的过去分词”构成。

不定式的完成式的动作在谓语表示的动作（状态）之前完成。

(1)I’m happy to have found many things I can do.(2)She was proud to have recently represented her country in an international compition.(3)She seems to have forgotten what she was looking for.(4)I would like to have seen her enter the room.(5)Bob pretended not to have heard me.2.动词不定式的被动式（passive infinitive）不定式的被动式由“to+be+动词的过去分词”构成。

当不定式与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系时，用不定式的被动式。

(1)The robot was going to be tested out by Larry’s wife.(2)The new drug is to be tested out on 500 overweight patients nextyear.(3)The company’s new car has to be designed in two months.(4)With a lot of work to be done,she felt anxious.3.在某些动词后用不带to的不定式构成复合宾语的句子，在改为被动结构时，不定式要加to.(1)The boss made the workers work long hours.=The workers were made to work long hours.(2)We heard him sing English songs.=He was heard to sing English songs.(3)They saw you put a letter into the mailbox just now.=You were seen to put a letter into the mailbox just now.动词不定式(the infinitive)练习：1( )The pupils here___all kinds of excrcises every day in the past fo ur weeks.A.kept busy doingB.keep on doingC.have kept busyingD.have been kept busy doing.2( )It is said that plastics can be used to___many things.Now people are used to___plastics products.A.make,usingB.making,usingC.making,useD.make,use3( )He___and was made to repeat it.A.didn;t understandB.didn’t be understoodC.wasn;t understandD.wasn’t understood.4( )Do let your mother know all the truth.Sheappears___everything.A.to tellB.to be toldC.to be tellingD.to have been told5( )In some parts of the world,tea___with milk and sugar.A.is servingB.is servedC.servesD.served6( )Visitors___not to touch the exhitibs.A.will requestB.requestC.are requestingD.are requested.7( )The wet weather will continue tomorrow when a cold front___to arr ive.A.is expectedB.is expectingC.expectsD.will be expected8( )The message is very important,so it is supposed___as soon as poss ible.A.to be sentB.to sendC.being sentD.sending9( )Many people are thinking of outings during the Spring Festivals,s o cross-country cars___well these few days.A.are sellingB.sellC.are soldD.have been sold.10( )All flights___because of the snow storm,many passengers could do nothing but wait.A.had been cancelledB.were cancelledC.have been cancelledD.having been cancelled11( )The guard at the gate insist that everybody___the rules and show their Id cards.A.obeyB.obeysC.breaksD.break12( )I won’t___you___such things about my sister.(have sb do\doing sth,make sb do sth,get sb to do sth)A.let,sayingB.make,to sayC.have,sayingD.get,say.13( )Last week I had my watch___and I had my father___a new one for me.A.steal,buyingB.stloen,to buyC.stolen,buyD.steal,to buy.14( )A computer does only what thinking people___.A.have it doB.have it doneC.have done tiD.having it done.15( )Every citizen shoud___the law made by the government.A.be obeyedB.makeC.obeyD.be following.16( )The grandparents___when they saw the glod medal their grandson h ad got at the Olympic Games.A.couldn’t help to smileB.couldn’t help smilingC.couldn’t help but smiledD.couldn’t help but smiling.17( )My father often helps my mother___housework and help s me___my h omework.A.doing,to doB.to do,doingC.with,atD.to do,with.动词不定式(the infinitive)答案：1—5：DADDD; 6—10:DAAAD; 11—15:ACCAC;16—17:BD高考英语复习之：动词ing形式的被动式由“being+动词的过去分词”构成。

非谓语动词的7种形式

非谓语动词的7种形式

非谓语动词的7种形式Non-finite verbs, also known as non-finite forms ornon-finite verb forms, are verb forms that are not limited by tense, person, or number. In English, there are seven main non-finite verb forms: the base form, the infinitive, the gerund, the past participle, the present participle,the perfect infinitive, and the passive infinitive. Each of these forms serves a specific grammatical function and can be used in different contexts to convey different meanings.The base form of a verb is the simplest form of the verb, typically used in the dictionary. It is used in a variety of contexts, such as the imperative mood ("Gohome!") or in constructions with modal verbs ("I can swim"). The infinitive form of a verb is the base form preceded by the word "to" (e.g. "to go"). It is used to express purpose, obligation, or intention, and can function as a noun in a sentence ("To swim is my favorite hobby").The gerund form of a verb is the -ing form of the verb,used as a noun in a sentence ("Swimming is good exercise"). It can function as the subject or object of a sentence, and is often used after prepositions. The past participle form of a verb is typically used in perfect tenses and passive constructions, as well as in the formation of the passive voice ("The book was written by the author"). The present participle form of a verb is the -ing form, used in progressive tenses and as an adjective ("The running man is my brother").The perfect infinitive form of a verb is the infinitive form preceded by "to have" (e.g. "to have written"). It is used to express completed actions in relation to a specific point in time. The passive infinitive form of a verb is the infinitive form preceded by "to be" (e.g. "to be written"). It is used in passive constructions to indicate that the subject of the sentence is the recipient of the action rather than the doer. Overall, understanding the different forms of non-finite verbs is essential for mastering English grammar and effectively communicating in both spoken and written language.。