阅读理解-词义猜测三
1、 The Edinburgh International Film Festival, after 60 years as one of the city's cultural focuses in August, will move to June from next year. Artistic director Hannah McGill said the festival needed more breathing space.
“There are huge advantages in having all these cultural events in one place and time,” she said. “But there is limited space. It’s like when a child has a birthday on Christmas Day —it all comes on top of each other.”
Ms McGill said that the film festival wanted to use extra places to organize events and conferences which Edinburgh was too crowded to provide in August. She spoke of her difficulty, for example, being unable to hold an exhibition as part of the film festival because of limited space.
However, Jon Morgan, the director of the Edinburgh Fringe Festival, deprecated the film festival s move which suggested the city was overburdened in August. “There are still hundreds of spaces that aren't used,and there is still room for it to expand,” he said
The move to June made sense. It would allow more air between it and the London Film Festival, providing for more distinctive (有特色的)programming.
“June will give us the breathing space to expand and create our own identity, allowing us to further develop our position as one of the world's most innovative(创新的) and challenging annual film events,” Ms McGill said The festival organisers thought that the move to June would not reduce audiences,saying film-lovers would visit Edinburgh in early summer. Ginnie Atkinson, the festival’s managing director, said, “Our audiences are very film-focused. Last year we asked in our market research if they would come if we were the only show in town and they said yes.”
1.The passage intends to tell us that the Edinburgh International Film
Festival ___________.
A.needs improving
B.enjoys great success
C.needs more breathing space
D.will move to “quieter” June
2.The underlined sentence in the second paragraph suggests that _______.
A.having two important events in one place and time has many advantages
B.having two important events in one place and time will cause pressure
C.wonderful things always go hand in hand
D.having a birthday on Christmas Day is a lucky thing
3.The underlined word “deprecated” in Paragraph 4 probably means__________.
A.disagreed to
B.approved of
C.supported
D.held
4.We can infer from the passage that ________.
A.the move to June will affect the number of people who visit Edinburgh
B.the festival is one of the world s most innovative and challenging annual film events
C.the festival has been one of Edinburgh's cultural focuses for 60 years
D.it is generally believed that August is a busy month to the cultural circles in Edinburgh
2、 Stonehenge, the world-famous circle of stone columns may 12. have had a brother. A much bigger, older brother.
University of Bradford researchers announced they had discovered about 100 stones covering several acres thought to have been built around 4,500 years ago. The Stonehenge Hidden Landscapes Project discovered the monument, which is near Durrington Walls, also known as “ superhenge”. Stonehenge, which is believed to have been completed 3,500 years ago, is about 2 miles away. "What we are starting to see is the largest surviving stone monument, preserved underneath a bank, that has ever been discovered in Britain and possibly in Europe,” said Vince Gaffney.
The evidence was found under 3 feet of earth. Some of the stones are thought to have stood 15 feet tall before they were toppled. "Our radar data have shown an amazing row of up to 90 standing stones, a number of which have survived after being pushed over, and a large bank placed over the stones," said professor Wolfgang Neubauer, director of the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Archaeological Prospection and Virtual Archaeology.
“ In the east,up to 30 stones ... have survived below,” he said. “The extraordinary scale and details of the evidence produced by the Stonehenge Hidden Landscapes Project, which the new discoveries at Durrington Walls, is changing fundamentally(根本上) our understanding of Stonehenge and the world around it," Neubauer added.
"Everything written before about the Stonehenge landscape and the ancient monuments within it will need to be rewritten,” said Paul Garwood, a scientist and lead historian on the project at the University of Birmingham. The findings were announced on the first day of the British Science Festival being held at the University of Bradford.
1.It is believed that the superhenge is _________ earlier than the Stonehenge.
A.1,000 years
B.2,500 years
C.3,500 years
D.4,500 years
2.What do researchers think of the superhenge?
A.It is the biggest monument discovered in the world.
B.It was built much later than the Stonehenge.
C.It is the largest surviving stone monument found in England.
D.It is better protected than the Stonehenge.
3.What do the underlined word “toppled” most probably mean?
A.Set up.
B.Pushed down.
C.Moved away.
D.Brought up.
4.What is the best title of the passage?
A.The southern England has many historic sites
B.The British Science Festival will be held again
C.Bigger Brother to Stonehenge has been discovered
D.The Project at the University of Birmingham
3、 If you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—take advantage of Apple Day to see what’s around.
It’s called Apple Day but in practice it’s more like Apple Month. The day itself is on October 21, but sinceit has caught on, events now spread out over most of October around Britain.
Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples. To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. Although it doesn’t taste of anything special, it’s still worth a try, as is the knobbly(多疙瘩的) Cat’s Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else.
There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the v ery best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you’ll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it’s a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.
At the events, you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions, and because these are family affairs, children are well catered for with apple-themed fun and games.
Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit, including stately gardens and commercial orchards(果园).If you want to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale, near Faversham in Kent.
1.What can people do at the apple events?
A.Attend experts’ lectures.
B.Visit fruit-loving families.
C.Plant fruit trees in an orchard.
D.Taste many kinds of apples.
2.What can we learn about Decio?
A.It is a new variety.
B.It has a strange look.
C.It is rarely seen now.
D.It has a special taste.
3.What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A.A practical idea.
B.A vain hope.
C.A brilliant plan.
D.A selfish desire.
4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A.To show how to grow apples.
B.To introduce an apple festival.
C.To help people select apples.
D.To promote apple research.
4、 In the depths of the French Guianese rainforest, there still remain unusual groups of indigenous(土著的) people. Surprisingly, these people live largely by their own laws and their own social customs. And yet, people in this area are in fact French citizens because it has been a colony(殖民地) of the French Republic since 1946. In theory, they should live by the French law is often ignored or unknown, thus making them into an interesting area of “lawlessness” in the world.
The lives of these people have finally been recorded thanks to the effects of a Frenchman form Paris called Gin. Gin spent five months in early 2015 exploring the most remote corners of this area, which sits on the edge of the Amazon rainforest,
with half its population of only 250,000 living in its capital, Cayenne.
“I have a special love for the French Guianese people. I have worked there on and off for almost ten years,” says Gin. “I’ve been able to keep firm friendships with them. Thus I have been allowed to gain access to their living environment. I don’t see it as a lawless land. But rather I see it as an area of freedom.”
“I wanted to show the audience a photographic record touching upon the uncivilized life,” continues Gin. “I prefer to work in black and white, which allows me to show different specific worlds more clearly.”
His black-and-white pictures present a world almost lost in time. These pictures show people seemingly pushed into a world that they were unprepared for. These local citizens now have to balance their traditional self-supporting hunting lifestyle with the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic, which brings with it not only necessary state welfare, but also alcoholism, betrayal and even suicide.
1.Why does the author feel surprised about the indigenous people in French Guiana?
A.They seldom follow the French law.
B.They often ignore the Guianese law.
C.They are separated from the modern world.
D.They are both Guianese and French citizens.
2.Gin introduced the special world of the indigenous Guianese as _________.
A.a tour guide
B.a geographer
C.a film director
D.a photographer
3.What is Gin’s attitude towards the lives of the indigenous Guianese?
A.Cautious.
B.Doubtful.
C.Uninterested.
D.Appreciative.
4.What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to?
A.The modern French lifestyle.
B.The self-supporting hunting.
C.The uncivilized hunting.
D.The French Republic.
5、"Indeed," George Washington wrote in his diary in 1785, "some kind of fly, or bug, had begun to eat the leaves before I left home." But the father of America was not the father of bug. When Washington wrote that, Englishmen had been referring to insects as bugs for more than a century, and Americans had already created lightning-bug(萤火虫). But the English were soon to stop using the bugs in their language, leaving it to the Americans to call a bug a bug in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
The American bug could also be a person, referring to someone who was crazy about a particular activity. Although fan became the usual term, sports fans used to be called racing bugs, baseball bugs, and the like.
Or the bug could be a small machine or object, for example, a bug-shaped car. The bug could also be a burglar alarm, from which comes the expression to, bug, that is, "to install(安装) an alarm". Now it means a small piece of equipment that people use for listening secretly to others’ conversations. Since the 1840s, to bug has long meant "to cheat", and since the 1940s it has been annoying.
We also know the bug as a flaw in a computer program or other design. That meaning dates back to the time of Thomas Edison. In 1878 he explained bugs as "little problems and difficulties" that required months of study and labor to overcome in developing a successful product. In 1889 it was recorded that Edison "had been up the two previous nights discovering 'a bug' in his invented record player."
1.We learn from Paragraph 1 that .
A.Americans had difficulty in learning to use the word bug
B.George Washington was the first person to call an insect a bug
C.the word bug was still popularly used in England in the nineteenth century
D.both Englishmen and Americans used the word bug in the eighteenth century
2.What does the word "flaw" in the last paragraph probably mean?
A.Explanation
B.Finding
C.Origin
D.Fault
3.The passage is mainly concerned with .
A.the misunderstanding of the word bug
B.the development of the word bug
C.the public views of the word bug
D.the special characteristics of the word bug
6、Ask people in the UK what the words “Sunday roast” mean to them, and they’ll probably take you back to their grandmothers’ dining rooms –maybe with a few stories of “the greatest puddings” and “the best ever steak”. But now the traditional Sunday roast seems to have been left back in the old days. According to the Daily Mail, just one in 50 British families sits down to this weekly meal together.
There are many reasons why the roast is becoming less popular. In the busy modern world, where breakfast is a slice of toast eaten on the way to work or school and lunch is a quick sandwich in front of the computer screen, people just don’t seem to have the time or patience to make a roast.
And Sunday was once a day when people could easily go to the kitchen to cook. Nowadays, people are often out shopping or at the cinema until it’s far too late to start thinking about heating the oven(烤箱) up.
However, a recent article from The Telegraph warned against being carried away by our tight schedules: “It would be a shame to let this fine old tradition disappear.”
The Guardian further explained that the eating of the big meal is only the half of it .The Sunday roast also makes for relaxed morning activities in the kitchen,
and the table becomes the perfect place to share good food and chat with family and friends. “For busy moms and dads, even if you can manage to turn off your mobile phone and the TV only once a week and turn the Sunday roast into a real family event, children can have fun cooking the food and clearing up together.”
1.The best title for the passage is probably _____.
A.Sunday—Best Time for Family
B.Sunday Roast Dying Out
C.It’s the Perfect Time for Us
D.Let’s Sit Down Together
2.Why do people pay less attention to Sunday roast?
A.They have a busy lifestyle.
B.They have no interest in cooking.
C.They don’t think it worthwhile.
D.They are living in the modern society.
3.What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to?
A.A recent article.
B.A traditional kitchen.
C.The fine old tradition.
D.Sunday morning activity.
4.How does the author feel towards Sunday roast’s dying out?
A.Doubtful.
B.Positive.
C.Sorry.
D.Uncertain.
答案以及解析
1答案及解析：
答案：1.D; 2.B; 3.A; 4.D
解析：1.主旨大意题。文章第一段就指出了本文的主题爱丁堡国际电影节明年要从8月提前到6月。
2.句意理解题。由第一段可知,艺术总监Hannah McGill 说电影节需要有喘息的机会,有足够的活动空间;第二段又指出在同一地点和吋间,多种文化活动会因为有限的空间而造成压力,作者接着打了一个比喻,同样也是为了说明这一问题。
3.词义猜测题。由 however 和“There arc still hundreds of spaces that aren't used,and there is still rexjm for it to expand.以推测出Jon Morgan不同意爱丁堡电影节时间的变动,故答案为A。
4.推理判断题。由文章第二段和第三段可知,8月份爱丁堡要举行各种各样的文化活动,由此可推出对爱丁堡的文艺界来说,8月份是一个繁忙的月份。A项与最后一段第一句不符;B、C 两项文中有明确表述,不是推出的结论。
2答案及解析：
答案：1.A; 2.C; 3.B; 4.C
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“...thought to have been built around 4,500 years ago. ” 和第二段第三句中的which is believed to have been completed 3,500 years ago”可知,超级巨石阵比巨石阵早了1000年。
2.细节理解题.根据第二段中的“... is the largest surviving stone monument... that has ever been discovered in Britain and possibly in Europe” 可知,C项与题意相符。
3.词义猜测题。根据画线词前面的“Some of the stones are thought to have stood 15 feet tall before they were..." 中的to have stood可推断,该词应该是“倒塌;使倒塌” 的意思,所以选B项。
4.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中的“...may have had a brother. A much bigger, older brother. ”可知,文章主要讲述的是巨石阵还有一个“大哥哥”的事情,故选C项。
3答案及解析：
答案： 1.D; 2.C; 3.B; 4.B
解析： 1.作者向人们介绍了一个节日—Apple Day。由于这个节日翡翠受欢迎,现在已经演变成“苹果月”了。在英国,人们在十月份庆祝该节日,持续大约一个月的时间。
细节理解题。根据第二段“Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples.”可知,参加相关的庆祝活动的人们可以品尝各种各样的苹果,故选D。
2.推理判断题。故选C。
3.猜测词义题。根据第二段”to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio”可知,Decio是许多仍然存在的经典苹果种类之一,根据”which si more of
a curiosity than anything else”可知,人们品尝它是出于好奇心,故选B。
4.写作意图题。根据第一段“if you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—take advantage of Apple Day to see what’s around. ”和最后一段“If you want to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale, near Faversham in Kent.”可知,作者向读者介绍了一个节日—Apple Day,并推荐人们参加这个节日,故选B。
考点:
生活故事类短文阅读
4答案及解析：
答案：1.A; 2.D; 3.D; 4.A
解析：1.本文通过一个摄影记者向人们展示了法国的Guianese人,和现代法国的生活风格给他们带来的影响。
推理判断题。根据第一段第二句Surprisingly, these people live largely by their own laws and their own social customs.令人吃惊的是,这些人主要靠自己的法律和他们的社会风俗生活。可知A项符合题意。
2.推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“I wanted to show the audience a photographic record touching upon the uncivilized life”我想展示给观众一个摄影记录,让他们触摸到不文明的生活。第五段第一句His black-and=white pictures present a world almost lost in time. 他的黑白照片呈现了一个几乎失去的世界。可知他是一个摄影师,故选D。
3.推理判断题。根据第三段第一、二句“I have a special love for the French Guianese people. I have worked there on and off for almost ten year s,”我对法国Guianese
人有一个特殊的爱。我在那里工作了将近十年了。所以他对法国Guianese人是心存感激的,故选D。
4.词义猜测题。根据最后一段最后一句中the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic,被法兰西共和国提供的生活风格,可知后面的定语从句中it指现代法国的生活风格。故选A。
5答案及解析：
答案： 1.D; 2.D; 3.B
解析： 1.【语篇导读】本文以乔治·华盛顿的日记为切入点,指出早在之前的一个世纪英国人就提出了bug的说法。文章主要讲了bug的由来及其所指意义的演变。
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“...Englishmen had beenreferring to insects as bugs for more than a century, and Americans had already created lighting-bug.”可知,在19世纪英美人都使用bug一词。
2.词义猜测题。根据下文中的“little problems and difficulties”等信息可以推知,该词的意思是“错误、问题、难处”等。
3.主旨大意题。本文主要介绍词的由来及历史演变,也就是说,随着历史的发展,该词也被赋予不同的意义,这样B项的意思和题意相符。
【长难句分析】But the English were soon to stop using the bugs in their language, leaving it to the Americans to call a bug a bug in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.但是,英国人不久就不在他们的语言中使用bug了,把它留给了美国人,在19世纪和20世纪,美国人把臭虫叫作bug。该句为简单句。句中to stop...是动词不定式短语,用作表语;leaving...是现在分词短语用作结果状语。
6答案及解析：
答案：1.B; 2.A; 3.C; 4.C
解析：这是一篇记叙文。忙碌的生活方式导致传统的英国每周一次的家庭“周日烤肉”活动已经成为过去时。现在,只有50分之一的英国家庭仍然保持这个传统。
1. 标题归纳题。第一段中的“But now the traditional Sunday roast seems to have been left back in the old days. According to the Daily Mail, just one in 50 British families sits down to this weekly meal together”告诉人们:传统的英国每周一次的家庭“周日
烤肉”活动已经成为过去时。现在,只有50分之一的英国家庭仍然保持这个传统。下文具体介绍了导致这种现象的原因。故B选项适合做该文标题。
【名师点睛】概括主旨的方法是:先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句,若无明显主题句,就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句,记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词)。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时,务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。此时,要注意一些转折词,如but, yet, however, although, in spite of, by contrast, on the contrary等。当文章中表示相反的观点时,往往用到这些词。答题时要弄清哪个是作者的观点,排除迷惑性信息,准确归纳主旨大意。在该题中,考生通过阅读第一段,尤其是第一段中But后的信息就可以顺利的找出文章中心。
2. 细节理解题。由第二段中的“There are many reasons why the roast is becoming less popular. In the busy modern world… people just don’t seem to have the time or patience to make a roast”可知,在这个忙碌的现代世界里,人们似乎没有时间和耐心烤肉了。故可知,忙碌的生活方式是导致周末烤肉大餐正在逐渐消失的原因。A选项正确。
3. 词义猜测题。由第五段中的“The Guardian further explained that the eating of the big meal is only the half of it. The Sunday roast also makes for relaxed morning activities in the kitchen, and the table becomes the perfect place to share good fo od and chat with family and friends”可知,周日烤肉有助于人们在厨房里放松,餐桌成为了亲朋好友分享美食以及聊天的好地方。由此可知,吃大餐只是周日烤肉的一部分,周日烤肉还可以让人们放松,交流等。故it指的是周日烤肉这个老传统。C选项正确。
4. 观点态度题。由文章对周日烤肉传统的介绍,尤其是最后一段的叙述可知,该传统活动是一项有利于家人交流共处的好机会。所以,对于这项传统的逐渐消失,作者深表遗憾。故C
选项正确。
III词义猜测 【命题特点】考查根据上下文推测生词和短语的能力,突出考查对语境的分析和把握的能力。【常见考法】 1. The underlined word “…”probably means____. 2. The word “…”used in paragraph “…”refers to/suggests____. 3. The phrase “…”in the sentence can be replaced by ____. 4. Which of the following is the cl osest in meaning to the word “…”? 5. What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph “…”? 6. By saying “…”, we mean_____. 7. What do you think of the expression “…”stands for? 8. The meaning of word “…”in the passage is related to_____. 一．通过定义或解释推测语义 有些概念性生词出现后，作者会给出它的定义、同位语、修饰性从句或是定语。这些修饰成分可以帮助我们推断出生词的语义 （1）定义句的谓语动词在文中多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define（下定义）, represent, signify（表示，表明）, constitute（指。。）等。 （2）解释则常用as you know, to be called, to mean, to refer to, that is（to say）, in other words, namely 等词语以及同位语和定语从句来提示下文将前面的信息加以重复或解释。 （3）有时作者会用复述的形式来解释语义，而复述部分可以是词、短语或从句。 （4）还有下一些标点符号，如冒号、破折号、括号等都表示后文要继续解释说明前文。eg. 1. The powerful poison was imperceptible when mixed in liquid, that is, it could not be tasted, seen, or smelled. (无法察觉的，感觉不到的) 2. The Greek marriage was monogamous-----men and women were allowed only one spouse （配偶） at a time. （一夫一妻制） Exercises: 1. Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken. ____默剧，哑剧_______ 2. Anthropology is the scientific study of man. _____人类学______ 3. We will meet you in the foyer, the entrance hall of the theatre. ____门厅_______ 4. He began to shave his whiskers, which had grown thick on both cheeks（脸颊）. ___胡须______ 5. Some computer scientists are developing artificial-intelligence machines that they say will think like people. ____人工智能_______ Test1 There is no cure（治愈）for Alzheimer’s. But a drug called ARICEPT has been used by millions of people to help their symptoms（症状）. 61. What is ARICEPT？（C） A. A medicine to cure Alzheimer’s B. A medicine to delay signs of aging. C. A medicine to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer’s. D. A medicine to cure brain damage. Test 2 Here is The Pines, whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou, wild boar and reindeer with surprising sauces. （1）According to the passage, The Pines is a ______. （D） A. place in which you can see many mobile homes
阅读理解之猜测词义 一. 解释: eg：It will be very hard but also very brittle --- that is, it will break easily. eg：Modern medicine began with the stethoscope, a medical tool used for listening to the movements of a person’s lung and his heartbeats. ◎A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter. ◎His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals. ◎The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. ◎We are on the night shift --- working from midnight to 8 a.m. --- this week. 二. 上下文: 1. e.g. Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby. e.g. John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very abstemious . ◎In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil. ◎If you agree, write “yes”; if you dissent, write “no”. ◎Some human actions are learned, but quite a few other actions are innate. Although a large number of people considered him to have stolen the money, I was sure that he was innocent of the theft. 2. e.g. Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as plump as mother, but much shorter. e.g. The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year. e.g. Mr Smith loves to talk, and his wife is similarly loquacious. eg：American businessmen expect employees to be punctual. They do not expect that the workers will come late. ◎One of symptoms caused by this kind of illness is a high fever. ◎Because this chemical liquid is highly volatile, we must keep it in a bottle which has a tight lid. ◎In the strong wind, the beggar shivered with the terrible cold. 3. e.g. Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic. e.g. The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow. ◎Since I could not afford to purchase the original painting, I bought a replica. An inexperienced eye could not tell the difference. ◎He’s such a shrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade. ◎She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long. 三. 构词法: 1. With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners 猜一猜: minicar postwar supermarket preview preschool recall irrelative nonstandard disloyal unlock co-worker overactive vice president e.g. We must safeguard the world peace. A protect B care C prevent D to keep safe with guns e.g. Don’t listen to his nonsense. A having no meaning B meaningless words C humorous speech D not making sense 四. 举例子: e.g. On the farm they mainly raise poultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat. e.g. I have found Lucy is quite generous, for example, whenever she meets a beggar, she gives some coins to him.
猜测词义读懂文章 Exercises Read the following passages and see if you understand the words or phrases that may be new to you: Passage 1. We can not feel speed. But our sense let us know that we are moving. We see things moving past and feel that we are being shaken. We can feel acceleration, an increase in speed. But we notice it for only a short time. For example we fee it during the takeoff run of an airplane. 1. Acceleration is the name for _______. D A. any kind of movement B. the movement of a plane C. a steady speed D. an increase in speed Passage 2. A tornado can do a lot of damage. The wind of a tornado rushes at great speed around a funnel-shaped cloud. It travels in a path a few hundred feet wide and about twenty-five miles long. As the wind circles, the funnel spirals higher and higher. 2. A tornado is a _______. C A. rainstorm B. dust storm C. great circle wind D. huge funnel of water Passage 3. STOCKHOLM—A Swede and two Americans won the 2000 Nobel Prize for medicine on Oct. 9 for studies on how messages move around the nervous system. The discovery makes it possible to develop drugs against Parkinson’s disease and schizophrenia. Arvid Carlson of Sweden and Paul Greengard and Eric Kandel of the United States share the first prize of the millennium, worth nearly US$ 1 million, for their discoveries, Sweden’s Karlinska Institute said. (2009NMET) 3. What does the underlined word “schizophrenia” probably mean?A A. a kind of illness B. a new discovery C. a name of a subject D. a new drug Passage 4. New Y ork: when the first jet struck 1 World Trade Center at 8:48 am on Tuesday, the people in 2 World Trade Center with a view of the instant damage across the divide had the clearest sense of what they, too, must do: get out fast…. Among the uncertainty about what was the best thing to do, formal announcements inside the south tower instructed people to stay put, telling them that the building was in good condition and the threat was limited to the other tower. C 4. The underlined words “stay put”means______. A. to keep silent B. to leave at once C. to stay in the building D. to put everything back and then leave Passage 5. All the athletes try to be at the closing ceremony. They have forgotten all their fears and worries. It does not matter whether they have done well or not. All the teams walk round the stadium together. Everybody in the village clears up and gets ready to leave. Everyone is hunting for local products. People exchange track suits, hats, running vest and so on. There is a last chance to take photographs and get addresses of new friends. Then each team starts its journey home. 5. The underline phrase “clears up”in the paragraph means______. A
阅读理解之词义猜测题 一，词义猜测类题目常见提问方式 1，The underlined word “__”in the passage means ____ . 2，What does “___”in the third paragraph stand for ? 3，3.The word/phrase “____” most nearly means ____. 4，4The word/phrase “___” could best be replaced by ____. 5，The word/phrase “__” in Line…,Para …refers to__. 6，Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase/word/sentence “____”? 7，What’s the meaning of “____” in Line …,Para …? 8，The author uses the word “____” to indicate（暗示）____? 二，技巧 技巧 1. 利用上下文，通过_________结构或________结构中的_____词、______词推测词义。反义词常见信号词有but 、yet 、while 、however、on the contrary 等。同义词常见信号词：and, or, namely, that is, that is to say,等。 1. Although the hazards of the trip were many --- for example , the unbearable heat , the lack of water, the possibility of getting lost , the presence of wild animal and poisonous snakes --- Collins nevertheless decided that she must go. A. safties B. destinations C. dangers D. pleasures 2. It will be very hard but also very brittle --- that is , it will break easily. A. breakable B. firm C. strong D. separate 技巧2 从句子或文段中找线索、信息词（如__________、________或________ 推测词义。常见的举例的提示词有for instance, for example, such as 等。 常用的解释性词提示词有that is, mean, stand for, namely, in other words, to be 等， 1. The herdsman , who looks after sheep , earns about 650 yuan a year . A. chief B. sheepherder C. merchant D. buyer 2. Japan has a problem many other countries would envy --- its workforce works too hard. Curing Japanese workers of disease "workaholism" is proving a difficult job , partly because many of them like work better than anything else , experts say. A. killer B. drinker C. jobnik D. secretary 技巧3 根据上下文___________结构(即___________句）及其语境，推断词义。文中常用解释性句子引出生词含义，有时用破折号，括弧来表示，或者用同位语、定语从句的形式出现。 1.Do you have any strong opinion on co-educational or single-sex schools ? A. co-operative educational B. separate educational C. boys and girls at the same school's educational D. individual educational 2. We live in a technological society where most goods are mass-produced by unskilled labor . Because of this , most people think that craft (手艺) no longer exists. A. large-scaled production B. small-scaled production C. bankrupt D. fortune hunting 技巧4 利用_______，巧解词义。
（教师版） 一、目标预设 通过本节课学习，提高学生阅读理解猜测词义的解题能力。 二、知识梳理 （一）猜测词义常用的十种方法 在阅读中，我们会经常遇到一些生词，需要根据上下文猜测它们的词义。此类问题考查考生紧扣原文，根据上下文语境判断单词、短语或短句意义的能力。 1．根据定义或解释猜测词义 这类定义或解释通常由生词后的同位语（从句）或定语从句引出。 例：The modern age of medicine began with the stethoscope, an instrument for listening to a patient’s heartbeat and breathing. 析：同位语意思是，stethoscope是用来听病人心脏跳动和呼吸的仪器，即“听诊器”。 2．根据对比关系猜测词义 当句中含有but, however, yet, though, although, on the other hand, instead，in contrast等表示转折意义的词时，前后句含有对比意义，据此可以猜测生词的词义。 例：Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I knew. His brother, in contrast, is quite modest. 析：in contrast对比之下，supercilious与modest意义相对应，我们便能猜出supercilious 意为“傲慢的；目空一切的”。 3．根据因果关系猜测词义 表示因果关系的信息词有：because, so, therefore, thus, so…that等。 例：I found I was paying too much attention to the job and thus sacrificing my study time. 析：thus是信息词，因为我对工作过分注意，因此失去了许多学习的时间，这样就得知sacrifice意为“牺牲；失去”。 4．根据同等关系猜测词义 表示同等关系的信息词有：and, or, or rather, to be more exact, namely, that’s to say, in other words，that is等。 例：His secret for a living and healthy life has been well publicized---no alcohol, no cigarette and no anger. 析：由a living and healthy life以及同类名词cigarette可推测alcohol意为“酒精”。 5．根据同义词、近义词或反义词猜测词义 这类同义词、近义词或反义词往往有and, or, but, however等信息词作暗示。 例：In our competitive world of today, examinations have a highly selecting or filtering role. 析：句中selecting 与filtering含义相近，可由selecting（挑选）推测filtering 意为“筛选；选拔”。 6．根据标点符号猜测词义 这类标点符号通常为括号、冒号、破折号、逗号等。 例：You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in School, or English Learning. 析：根据冒号后面所举例子可知periodicals意为“magazines published at regular times”，即“期刊”。
阅读理解专项突破 III词义猜测 【命题特点】考查根据上下文推测生词和短语的能力,突出考查对语境的分析和把握的能力。【常见考法】 1. The underlined word “…”probably means____. 2. The word “…”used in paragraph “…”refers to/suggests____. 3. The phrase “…”in the sentence can be replaced by ____. 4. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word “…”? 5. What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph “…”? 6. By saying “…”, we mean_____. 7. What do you think of the expression “…”stands for? 8. The meaning of word “…”in the passage is related to_____. 一．通过定义或解释推测语义 有些概念性生词出现后，作者会给出它的定义、同位语、修饰性从句或是定语。这些修饰成分可以帮助我们推断出生词的语义 （1）定义句的谓语动词在文中多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define（下定义）, represent, signify（表示，表明）, constitute（指。。）等。（2）解释则常用as you know, to be called, to mean, to refer to, that is（to say）, in other words, namely 等词语以及同位语和定语从句来提示下文将前面的信息加以重复或解释。 （3）有时作者会用复述的形式来解释语义，而复述部分可以是词、短语或从句。 （4）还有下一些标点符号，如冒号、破折号、括号等都表示后文要继续解释说明前文。eg. 1. The powerful poison was imperceptible when mixed in liquid, that is, it could not be tasted, seen, or smelled. (无法察觉的，感觉不到的) 2. The Greek marriage was monogamous-----men and women were allowed only one spouse（配偶）at a time. （一夫一妻制） Exercises: 1. Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken. ____默剧，哑剧_______ 2. Anthropology is the scientific study of man. _____人类学______ 3. We will meet you in the foyer, the entrance hall of the theatre. ____门厅_______ 4. He began to shave his whiskers, which had grown thick on both cheeks（脸颊）. ___胡须______ 5. Some computer scientists are developing artificial-intelligence machines that they say will think like people. ____人工智能_______ Test 1 There is no cure（治愈）for Alzheimer’s. But a drug called ARICEPT has been used by millions of people to help their symptoms（症状）. 61. What is ARICEPT？（C） A. A medicine to cure Alzheimer’s B. A medicine to delay signs of aging. C. A medicine to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer’s. D. A medicine to cure brain damage. Test 2 Here is The Pines, whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou, wild boar and reindeer with surprising sauces. （1）According to the passage, The Pines is a ______. （D） A. place in which you can see many mobile homes B. mountain where you can get a good view of the valley C. town which happens to be near the Banff National Park D. restaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food
高考英语阅读理解猜测词义题解题方法 对于高考生而言，英语词汇量还是很有限的，想要完全通读高考英语试卷，还要会猜测词义。 猜测词义时，一般可利用以下四个方面的线索： 一是针对性的解释 针对性解释是作者为了更好的表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或高深的词汇等所做的通俗化的解释。这些解释提供的信息明确具体，所使用的语言通俗易懂，利用它们来猜测词义就非常简单。 1.根据定义（definition）猜测词义 如果生词有一个句子（定语从句或是同位语同位语前常有 or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say, i.g. 等或是同位语从句）或段落来定义,或使用破折号，冒号，分号后的内容和引号括号中的内容加以解释和定义，那么理解这个句子或段落本身就是推断词义。定义常用的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, be called, define, represent, refer to, signify 等。 例1.Do you know what a “territory” is ? A territory is an area that an animal ,usually
the male, claims（声称）as its own.（2005年湖北卷） [分析]由定义可推知，这里territory指的是：“动物的地盘”。 例2.In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today．（2005年浙江卷） [分析]由同位语an endangered wild cat我们很快猜出生词ocelots的义域：一种濒临灭绝野猫。 例3. Here is The Pines ,whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou ,wild boar ,and reindeer with surprising sauces . （2004年福建卷） According to the passage ,The Pines is a . A．place in which you can see many mobile homes B．mountain where you can get a good view of the valley C．town which happens to be near the Banff National Park D．restaurant
专题一阅读理解(词义猜测题) 一、知识链接 英语的一个显著特点是它庞大的词汇数量。即使一个拥有上万单词量的人在阅读英语读物中 也难免会遇到生词。如果每遇到生词，就查阅词典，不但会降低阅读速度，而且往往使阅读 变得索然无味。据调查，影响人们阅读理解的，首先是词汇。因此学习并掌握一些猜测生词 词义的方法，对排除阅读时某些生词的干扰，降低生词率是十分必要的。任何一个实词，只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义。NMET阅读理解中猜测词义的考查内 容既可以是文中的生词，也可以是熟词新义、短语或句子。但都要求考生根据上下文线索(即具体语境)作出推断。此类题的提问形式一般有： 1. Which of the following is nearest/closest in meaning to"... "? 2. The underlined word, means_______. 3. The underlined phrase, means_______. 4. The underlined sentence, means_______. 二、真题演练 （一）典型例题 例1、 T-shirts out; uniforms in School uniforms are becoming more and more popular across the U. S. A. That's no surprise, because they offer many benefits. They immediately end the powerful social sorting and labeling (标记) that come from clothing. If all students are dressed in the same way, they will not pay too much attention to their clothing, and some of them will not be laughed at for wearing the "wrong” clothes. Some people are against the strict rule of school uniforms, but they do not realize that students already accept a kind of rule-- wanting to look just like their friends. The difference is that the clothing students choose for themselves creates social barriers; school uniforms tear those barriers down. In Paragraph 1, the word "benefits" probably means________. A. tasks B. messages C. differences D. advantages 变式练习 Wildlife belongs to everyone and not to the gunners alone. Although most people do not shoot, they seem to forgive shooting for sport because they know little or nothing about it. The only answer, then, is to bring the truth about sport shooting to the great majority of people.
最新高考英语阅读理解专题指导－猜测词义题在阅读中我们经常会遇到许多生词。这时许多同学立即翻阅词典，查找词义。这样做不但费时费力，而且影响阅读速度、影响对语篇的整体把握。事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。我们可以利用语境（各种已知信息）推测、判断某些生词的词义。近年来全国统一高考中加大了对考生猜词义能力的考查，因此，掌握一定的猜词技巧，对突破高考阅读理解、提高我们的英语语言能力都有非常重要的意义。 常见的题干有： 1) Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word？ 2) The word... could best be replaced by. 3) In the... paragraph, the word... means (refers to). 4) According to the passage,... probably means. 5) The author uses the word... to mean. 猜测词义时，一般可利用以下四个方面的线索： 一是针对性的解释 针对性解释是作者为了更好的表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或高深的词汇等所做的通俗化的解释。这些解释提供的信息明确具体，所使用的语言通俗易懂，利用它们来猜测词义就非常简单。 1.根据定义（definition）猜测词义 如果生词有一个句子（定语从句或是同位语<同位语前常有 or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say, i.g. 等>或是同位语从句）或段落来定义,或使用破折号，冒号，分号后的内容和引号括号中的内容加以解释和定义，那么理解这个句子或段落本身就是推断词义。定义常用的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, be called, define, represent, refer to, signify 等。
高考阅读理解之： 猜测词义练习案 Excise1 1. Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. 2. It will be very hard but also very brittle — that is, it will break easily. 3.They traveled a long way, at last got to a castle, a large building in old times. 4. We are on the night shift—from midnight to 8 a.m.— this week. 5. Perhaps, we can see some possibilities for next fifty years. But the next hundred? 6.The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the sport again. 7.Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful. 8. She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class. Excise2 A Plagiarism is one of the most serious problems in schools and colleges. It has occurred as lon g as there have been teachers and students, but the recent growth of the Intenet has made it much worse. Recent studies show 30% of all students may be plagiarizing on every written homework th ey’ve done. What is plagiarism? It is using others' ideas and words without clearly mentioning wh ere the information is from. Q: The word "plagiarism" means ________. A. cheating in the exams B. putting others' words in quotations C. rewriting others' articles D. stealing others' ideas or words B Both warm-blooded and cold-blooded desert animals have ways to escape the desert heat. Wa rm-blooded desert animals, such as rats and mice, rest during the day, often staying in cool underg round burrows. At night they search for food. Animals that are out during the day, such as cold-blo oded lizards and snakes, are active only for short periods. As their body tem- perature rises, these r eptiles move into the shade in order to cool down. In the early evening, when the sun grows weake r, the reptiles become more active and begin their search for food again. Getting enough wate r to survive is a major problem for all desert animals. Q: The underlined word "burrows" in the first paragraph can be replaced by _______ A. holes B. caves C. rooms D. openings C Fishermen later killed and sold the shark after oceanographers confirmed that it was a whale s hark and therefore not under State protection. Q: The underlined word "confirmed "probably means ________. A. said B. believed C. thought D. made sure