阅读理解词义猜测题
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阅读理解词义猜测题词义猜测题就是考查考生在阅读时不用查词典,仅仅通过上下文的意思就能猜测出生词词义的能力。
突出考查考生对语境的分析和把握能力。
考查的词有时为新词,有时为熟词新义。
设问方式:对单词意思的猜测:1.The underlined word in the … paragraph refers to / means ________2.What does the word “….” In paragraph … stand for /mean?3.“….” could best be replaced by which of the following?4.the word “…..” is closest in meaning to _______________.对短语意思的猜测1.The expression /phrase “….” Means __________2.the underlined expression/ phrase in paragraph refers to / means _________3.“…” could best be replaced by which of the following?4.the phrase “……” is closest in meaning to __________\对句子意思的猜测:1.The sentence “…..” indicates that ______________2.The underlined sentence implies /means that ____________3.what does the underlined sentence mean?4.By “….”, the author means that _____________.对代词的意思猜测What does the word “….” Underlined in the last paragraph refer to ?What does the underlined word refer to?解题技巧:1.根据单词的前缀或后缀猜测单词的意思2.注意文章中能够解释生词的定义性语句3.根据单词与文章其他部分的关系,通过对比、因果、比较等方法猜测词义。
中考英语阅读理解词义猜测题单选题40题1.The boy was very happy and ran around like a wild animal. What does “wild” mean?A.calmB.angryC.fierce and not controlledD.sad答案:C。
“wild”表示“野蛮的、未被驯服的、不受控制的”。
A 选项“calm”是“平静的”;B 选项“angry”是“生气的”;D 选项“sad”是“悲伤的”。
根据上下文,男孩高兴得像个野生动物一样跑来跑去,可推测“wild”在这里是“fierce and not controlled”(凶猛且不受控制的)的意思。
2.The girl had a beautiful smile that lit up the room. What does “lit up” mean?A.cleanedB.brightenedC.decoratedD.warmed答案:B。
“lit up”表示“照亮、使明亮”。
A 选项“cleaned”是“打扫”;C 选项“decorated”是“装饰”;D 选项“warmed”是“使温暖”。
根据上下文,女孩的微笑照亮了房间,可推测“lit up”在这里是“brightened”((使明亮)的意思。
3.The old man walked slowly with a cane. What does “cane” mean?A.stickB.hatC.shoeD.coat答案:A。
“cane”表示“手杖”。
B 选项“hat”是“帽子”;C 选项“shoe”是“鞋子”;D 选项“coat”是“外套”。
根据上下文,老人拿着一根手杖慢慢地走,可推测“cane”在这里是“stick”(棍子、手杖)的意思。
4.The dog barked loudly at the stranger. What does “barked” mean?A.jumpedB.ranC.shoutedD.whispered答案:C。
初二英语阅读理解词义猜测题单选题30题1.The journalist reported that the politician was under fire for his controversial decision. What does “under fire” mean?A.being praisedB.being criticizedC.being ignoredD.being supported答案:B。
本题中根据“for his controversial decision”( 因为他有争议的决定)可以推断出这个政治家是受到批评,而不是被赞扬、被忽视或被支持。
A 选项being praised 被赞扬)不符合语境;C 选项being ignored 被忽视)与文中因为有争议的决定而被提及不相符;D 选项being supported 被支持)也与有争议的情况不对应。
2.The athlete set a new record and was hailed as a hero. What does “hailed” mean?A.attackedB.blamedC.praisedD.ignored答案:C。
从“set a new record and was...as a hero” 创造了新纪录并被……为英雄)可以看出是被赞扬的意思。
A 选项attacked( 攻击)与英雄的形象不符;B 选项blamed 责备)与语境相悖;D 选项ignored 被忽视)也不符合创造新纪录被关注的情况。
3.The company is facing a major crisis and is in dire need of a solution. What does “dire” mean?A.slightB.moderateC.seriousD.happy答案:C。
文中提到公司面临重大危机并且急需解决方案,可推断出“dire”是严重的意思。
初中词义猜测题是中考英语阅读理解中的一种题型,主要
考察学生根据上下文推测生词含义的能力。
下面是一个例子:
题目:在文中“For example, he studies the map and identifies that their location is near the
intersection of two major highways. Then he
calculates that they are 200 miles from the nearest gas station.”这句话中,“intersection”一词最可能的
含义是()
A. 交叉路口
B. 分叉点
C. 结合点
D. 冲突点
解析:根据上下文可以推测出“intersection”指的是两
条公路相交的地方,因此最可能的含义是“交叉路口”。
选
项B“分叉点”通常是指一个树枝分出其他树枝的地方,与
上下文不符;选项C“结合点”通常是指两个或多个事物结
合在一起的地方,与上下文也不符;选项D“冲突点”通常
是指发生冲突或矛盾的地方,与上下文无关。
因此,正确答
案是A。
解题技巧:
1. 仔细阅读上下文,了解文章的大意和背景。
2. 根据上下文中的线索和提示,推测生词的含义。
3. 注意生词的词性和用法,以及其在句子中的作用和意义。
4. 排除与上下文不符或与常识不符的选项。
5. 最终确定答案时要确保选项符合上下文的逻辑和意义。
词义猜测知识摘要一、高考阅读理解词义猜测类题目常见的设问方式1. The word “…” refers to/ probably means ________.2. The underlined word “…” could best be replaced by ________.3. What do you think the expression “…” stands for?4. By saying “…” we mean ________.5. “…” as used in the passage can best be defined as ________.6. Which of the following words can take the place of the word “…”?考点梳理一、利用指代关系猜测找出人称代词、指示代词、关系代词或关系副词所指代的内容。
连读前、后段落,主要看前面的句子所出现的名词及相当于名词的表达。
二、利用定义语猜测对于某个陌生词,作者一般会在文章中给出该词的定义或解释。
这种解释可能是一种重复说明或定义。
线索词有that, which, is等。
三、利用定语或同位语猜测通常引出同位语的词有or, that is, in other words等,还有以括号或破折号的形式出现。
在这些标记词后较易找到同画线词意义相同或相近的词。
四、利用文章中的举例猜测根据文章所举的例子,从具体到一般,猜出该生词的意思。
五、利用对比或比较的词语猜测运用有对比关系的词语,例如反义词,可以暗示出生词的含义。
这类词主要有but, yet, however, while, unlike, instead, on the other hand, on the contrary, in contrast to等。
标点符号中的分号也可表示对比。
六、利用构词法猜测分析复合词,从该词的各个部分的特定意思及联系上猜出该词的意思。
高三英语阅读理解词义猜测题解题方法总结单选题30题1.The word "procrastinate" in the sentence "He is always procrastinating his work." can be guessed from the context. The possible meaning is _____.A.finish quicklyB.start earlyC.put offD.do carefully答案:C。
本题通过上下文逻辑关系来猜测词义。
句子“He is always procrastinating his work.”表示“他总是拖延工作”,选项A“finish quickly(快速完成)”、选项B“start early(早早开始)”、选项D“do carefully 认真做)”都不符合语境,只有选项C“put off 推迟)”符合“拖延工作”的意思。
解题技巧为通过上下文逻辑关系猜测词义。
2.The new word "biodegradable" can be understood by analyzing its parts. The meaning is related to being able to _____.st foreverB.be broken down by living thingsC.be very expensiveD.be made quickly答案:B。
本题利用构词法来猜测词义。
“bio-”表示“生命、生物”,“degradable”表示“可降解的”,所以“biodegradable”的意思是“可被生物降解的”。
选项A“last forever( 永远持续)”、选项C“be very expensive非常昂贵)”、选项D“be made quickly(快速制成)”都与构词法分析出的意思不符,只有选项B“be broken down by living things 被生物分解)”符合。
中考英语阅读理解词义猜测与上下文理解题50题1. I saw a “sale” sign in the shop window. What does “sale” mean?A. 购买B. 出售C. 打折D. 交换答案:C。
“sale”常见的意思是“打折”“促销”,在商店橱窗看到的“sale” sign 通常表示商品在打折出售。
A 选项“购买”是“buy”;B 选项“出售”可以用“sell”;D 选项“交换”是“exchange”。
2. The teacher said, “Class, please be quiet.” What does “quiet” mean?A. 大声的B. 安静的C. 活跃的D. 忙碌的答案:B。
“quiet”意为“安静的”,老师说让班级安静下来,就是让大家不要吵闹。
A 选项“大声的”是“loud”;C 选项“活跃的”是“active”;D 选项“忙碌的”是“busy”。
3. We had a picnic in the park yesterday. What does “picnic” mean?A. 会议B. 旅行C. 野餐D. 聚会答案:C。
“picnic”就是“野餐”的意思,在公园里进行的通常是野餐活动。
A 选项“会议”是“meeting”或“conference”;B 选项“旅行”是“trip”或“journey”;D 选项“聚会”是“party”。
4. The students are playing football on the playground. What does “playground” mean?A. 教室B. 操场C. 图书馆D. 实验室答案:B。
“playground”指的是“操场”,学生们踢足球通常在操场上进行。
A 选项“教室”是“classroom”;C 选项“图书馆”是“library”;D 选项“实验室”是“laboratory”。
正确理解文中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的第一步,也是理解文章的基础。
但英语单词、短语的含义并非完全等同于词典中所标注的汉语意思,其含义随不同语境会有所不同。
我们能根据上下文理解灵活变化的词义,才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。
在高考阅读理解题中,词义猜测题通常有以下三种情况:①推测划线单词或短语的含义;②推测划线代词的指代含义;③推测划线句子的含义。
近三年全国高考细节理解题题量统计卷名年份新高考I卷全国卷I(乙卷)全国卷II(甲卷)全国卷III 202021112021111120221122技巧一:对于推测划线单词或短语的含义的题目,可以依据定义、同位语、文章中的例子、对比关系或比较关系、构词法、并列结构、因果关系等来解题。
【典题例析1】(苏州市2022学年第二学期学业质量阳光指标调研卷)For Amazon and Netflix,adding games to their platforms could attract more subscribers. Or at the very least dissuade existing ones from leav-ing.After a jump caused by pandemic in users,Netflix dropped430,000subscribers in the second quarter but regained some of these in the third flix has said in the past that in the“attention economy”,it com-petes against video games just as much as video stream-ing services.What does the underlined word“dissuade”in Para-graph3mean?A.Forbid.B.Discourage.C.Release.D.Protect.【解析】答案B。
高中英语阅读理解词义猜测题单选题40题1.The boy was so excited that he ran around the park like a wild animal. What does “wild” mean?A.tameB.calmC.fierceD.gentle答案:C。
“wild”在这里的意思是“凶猛的、狂野的”。
在这个句子中,男孩像个野生动物一样在公园里跑,说明他非常兴奋,行为比较激烈。
选项A“tame”是“温顺的”;选项B“calm”是“平静的”;选项D“gentle”是“温柔的”,都不符合语境。
通过上下文可以推断出男孩的行为很激烈,所以“wild”应该是“fierce”的意思。
词义猜测的技巧是根据上下文的描述来判断单词的意思。
2.The old man sat on the bench, looking at the beautiful sunset. What does “bench” mean?A.chairB.tableC.sofaD.long seat答案:D。
“bench”在这里的意思是“长凳”。
在这个句子中,老人坐在长凳上看美丽的日落。
选项A“chair”是“椅子”;选项B“table”是“桌子”;选项C“sofa”是“沙发”,都不符合语境。
通过上下文可以推断出老人坐在一个可以坐的地方看日落,而且“bench”通常是指长凳。
词义猜测的技巧是根据上下文的描述和常识来判断单词的意思。
3.The girl was wearing a beautiful dress with colorful flowers on it. What does “colorful” mean?A.blackB.whiteC.monochromeD.multi-colored答案:D。
“colorful”在这里的意思是“多彩的”。
在这个句子中,女孩穿着一件有彩色花朵的漂亮裙子,说明裙子的颜色很丰富。
阅读理解词义猜测题词义猜测是应用英语的重要能力,也是高考中必考的题型。
它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文,而且要有较大的泛读量,掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。
考生应学会通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及上下文线索等确定词义。
【命题趋势】1.要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息,结合中学生应有的常识和经验,正确判断生词词组的含义或成熟词在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思。
2.要求猜测词义的词一般为实词及其词组,通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定词义的具体内容。
3.代词复指理解题也是猜测词义的常考类型。
用"逻辑关系梳理法"、"递向寻踪法"理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。
【设问形式】1. The underlined word "…"in the second(third…) paragraph refers to(means) ______.2. By saying that "…"in the first(second…) paragraph, the author means that ______.3. In paragraph …, "…"can be replaced by "______".4. The meaning of "…"in paragraph… is related to ______.5. Which of the following has the closest meaning to…(paragraph…)?6. The underlined sentence in the … paragraph probably means that _____.对此类试题,考生应该进行大胆猜测,但这种猜测不是胡乱的,盲目的,而是有一定的方法和技巧。
下面介绍几种常见的猜测词义的方法供同学们加以运用。
一、相似法:利用同义词、近义词(词组)或相似的结构猜测词义。
在生词所出现的上下文中,有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构,这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。
统称在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or,这些词语或短语在句中作相同的成分,并且and或or连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的,由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域,甚至推出它的大致词义。
…Fermat’s Last Theorem(定理), first put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Fermat in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientists who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique. …65. Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word “baffle” as it is used in the text?A. To encourage people to raise questions.B. To cause difficulty in understanding.C. To provide a person with an explanation.D. To limit people’s imagination.【答案】B【解析】由句中不难看出Fermat的定理使得最具有数学头脑的科学家绞尽脑汁(beat),并且在句中beaten和baffled处于同等的并列关系,根据这一信息可以推出baffle表示“使困惑、难倒、难以理解”的意思。
二、对比法:利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词(组)猜测词义。
对比是描述,说明事物的常用方式。
在对比中,对比的事物是互为相反的,因此根据反义或对比关系可从已知推出未知。
利用反义词来说明生词的意义,如反义词hot and cold, perfect and imperfect,甚至前、后句为肯定与否定或是与不是等,在句内词与词之间,在段内句与句之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用。
表示对比的信号词有yet, but, while, though, however, otherwise, on the one hand...on the other hand, for one thing...for another thing, instead of等。
【典例】…A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle ; it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months.…74.What does the underlined word “hassle” probably mean?A. A party designed by specialists.B. A plan requiring careful thought.C. A situation causing difficulty or trouble.D. A demand made by guests.【答案】C三、释义法:有些文章,特别是科技文章,通常会对一些关键词给予定义,我们可以利用定义来猜测这些词的意思。
释义法就是根据文章中的字里行间,对生词以定语(从句)、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明的方式。
常见的词有:mean, that is, in other words, for example, for instance, such as...【典例】“Organic produce is always better, ” Gold said. “The food is free of pesticides (农药), and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms. And more often than not it is locally (本地)grown and seasonal, so it is more tasty.” Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend, and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business.62. What is the meaning of “the organic trend” as the words are used in the text?A. Growing interest in organic food.B. Better quality of organic food.C. Rising market for organic food.D. Higher prices of organic food.【答案】A【解析】由Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying something可以推断出,越来越多的顾客像Gold一样开始购买有机食物,其实也就是对这类食物产生了越来越浓厚的兴趣。
答案为A。
学科&网四、语境推断法:任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的,都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章有关。
利用上下文提供的情景和线索,进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义,是阅读过程中的一大关键,这也是近年来高考考查的热点。
1. 根据对比关系猜测词义在一个句子或段落中,有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述,我们可以根据生词的反义词猜测其词义。
表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要有:unlike, not, but, however, despite, in spite of, in contrast 等。
表示对比关系的句子结构:while 引导的并列句。
例如:A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun.What does the underlined word "hassle"(paragraph 1) probably mean?A. a party designed by specialistsB. a plan requiring careful thoughtC. a situation causing difficulty or troubleD. a demand made by guests根据对比关系,这里hassle 和a basket of fun 是相反的意义,很容易判断理解题的答案为C。
2. 根据比较关系猜测词义同对比关系相反,比较关系表示意义上的相似关系。
表示比较关系的词和短语主要有:similarly, like, just as, also, as well as 等。
例如:Green loves to talk, and his brothers are similarly loquacious.该句中副词similarly表明短语loves to talk和loquacious 之间的比较关系,其意义相近。
由此我们可推断出loquacious的意思是"健谈的"。
3. 根据因果关系猜测词义在句子或段落中,若两个事物现象之间构成因果关系,我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推测生词词义。
例如:I feel that since you are my superior , it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do .The word "presumptuous"in the middle of the passage is closest in meaning to "__________ ".A. full of respectB. too confident and rudeC. lacking in experienceD. too shy and quiet根据since 引导的原因状语从句的内容("既然你是我的上司"),我们可以推断这里presumptuous的意思是:"冒失的,放肆的"意思,后半句的意思是:我告诉你怎么做会是一种放肆/冒失的行为。