2019届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解词义猜测题专练(一)猜测词义类

2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题猜测词义【考纲解读】分析解读猜测词义题旨在考查考生根据上下文推测生词、短语或句子的意思的能力,突出考查考生对语境的分析和把握能力。

它不仅涉及考生的语言水平,还涉及考生的语言应用能力和综合素质等方面。

猜测词义题虽不是阅读测试的重点,但也是常考题目,是对考生多方面综合能力的考查。

因此,今后的高考中这类试题将保持平稳,而且试题增加了对短语、句意的猜测的考查。

近几年猜测词义题难度略有增加,需在较为复杂的句式中通过上下文综合分析才能得出答案。

【命题探究】【五年高考】Passage1(2017课标全国Ⅰ,D)词数:311A build-it-yourself solar still(蒸馏器)is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available.Developed by two doctors in the U.S. Department of Agriculture,it s an excellent water collector.Unfortunately,you must carry the necessary equipment with you,since it s all but impossible to find natural substitutes.The only components required,though,are a5'×5'sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic,six feet of plastic tube,and a container—perhaps just a drinking cup—to catch the water.These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.To construct a working still,use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep.Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher s productivity.Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole.Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up—and out—the side of the hole.Next,cover the hole with the plastic sheet,securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet s center down with a rock.The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with45-degree-angled sides.The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over,and no more than three inches above,the cup.The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic.Ground water evaporates(蒸发)and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form,run down the material,and fall off into the cup.When the container is full,you can suck the refreshment out through the tube,and won t have to break down the still every time you need a drink.1.What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph?A.It s delicate.B.It s expensive.C.It s complex.D.It s portable.2.What does the underlined phrase“the water catcher”in paragraph2refer to?A.The tube.B.The still.C.The hole.D.The cup.3.What is the last step of constructing a working solar still?A.Dig a hole of a certain size.B.Put the cup in place.C.Weight the sheet s center down.D.Cover the hole with the plastic sheet.4.When a solar still works,drops of water come into the cup from.A.the plastic tubeB.outside the holeC.the open airD.beneath the sheet答案1.D2.B3.C4.DPassage2(2017天津,C)词数:330This month,Germany s transport minister,Alexander Dobrindt,proposed the first set of rules for autonomous vehicles(自主驾驶车辆).They would define the driver s role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in crashes where lives might be lost.The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the“death valley”of autonomous vehicles:the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future.Dobrindt wants three things:that a car always chooses property(财产)damage over personal injury;that it never distinguishes between humans based on age or race;and that if a human removes his or her hands from the driving wheel—to check email,say—the car s maker is responsible if there is a crash.“The change to the road traffic law will permit fully automatic driving,”says Dobrindt.It will put fully driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers,he says.Who is responsible for the operation of such vehicles is not clear among car makers, consumers and lawyers.“The liability(法律责任)issue is the biggest one of them all,”says Natasha Merat at the University of Leeds,UK.An assumption behind UK insurance for driverless cars,introduced earlier this year,insists that a human“be watchful and monitoring the road”at every moment.But that is not what many people have in mind when thinking of driverless cars.“When you say‘driverless cars’,people expect driverless cars,”Merat says.“You know—no driver.”Because of the confusion,Merat thinks some car makers will wait until vehicles can be fully automated without human operation.Driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport rather than vehicles you own, says Ryan Calo at Stanford University,California.That is happening in the UK and Singapore, where government-provided driverless vehicles are being launched.That would go down poorly in the US,however.“The idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here,”says Calo.1.What does the phrase“death valley”in Paragraph2refer to?A.A place where cars often break down.B.A case where passing a law is impossible.C.An area where no driving is permitted.D.A situation where drivers role is not clear.2.The proposal put forward by Dobrindt aims to.A.stop people from breaking traffic rulesB.help promote fully automatic drivingC.protect drivers of all ages and racesD.prevent serious property damage3.What do consumers think of the operation of driverless cars?A.It should get the attention of insurance companies.B.It should be the main concern of law makers.C.It should not cause deadly traffic accidents.D.It should involve no human responsibility.4.Driverless vehicles in public transport see no bright future in.A.SingaporeB.the UKC.the USD.Germany5.What could be the best title for the passage?A.Autonomous Driving:Whose Liability?B.Fully Automatic Cars:A New BreakthroughC.Autonomous Vehicles:Driver Removed!D.Driverless Cars:Root of Road Accidents答案1.D2.B3.D4.C5.APassage3(2017江苏,D)词数:690Old Problem,New ApproachesWhile clean energy is increasingly used in our daily life,global warming will continue for some decades after CO2emissions(排放)peak.So even if emissions were to begin to decrease today,we would still face the challenge of adapting to climate change.Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation.When it comes to adaptation,it is important to understand that climate change is a process. We are therefore not talking about adapting to a new standard,but to a constantly shifting set of conditions.This is why,in part at least,the US National Climate Assessment says that:“There is no‘one-size fits all’ adaptation.”Nevertheless,there are some actions that offer much and carry little risk or cost.Around the world,people are adapting in surprising ways,especially in some poor countries.Floods have become more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades.Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster.His not-for-profit organization runs100 river boats that serve as floating libraries,schools,and health clinics,and are equipped with solar panels and other communicating facilities.Rezwan is creating floating connectivity(连接)to replace flooded roads and highways.But he is also working at a far more fundamental level: his staff show people how to make floating gardens and fish ponds to prevent starvation during the wet season.Elsewhere in Asia even more astonishing actions are being taken.Chewang Norphel livesin a mountainous region in India,where he is known as the Ice Man.The loss of glaciers(冰川)there due to global warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture.Without the glaciers,water will arrive in the rivers at times when it can damage crops.Norphel s inspiration came from seeing the waste of water over winter,when it was not needed.He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze,and was stored until the spring. His fields of ice supply perfectly timed irrigation(灌溉)water.Having created nine such ice reserves,Norphel calculates that he has stored about200,000m3of water.Climate change is a continuing process,so Norphel s ice reserves will not last forever.Warming will overtake them. But he is providing a few years during which the farmers will,perhaps,be able to find other means of adapting.Increasing Earth s reflectiveness can cool the planet.In southern Spain the sudden increase of greenhouses(which reflect light back to space)has changed the warming trend locally,and actually cooled the region.While Spain as a whole is heating up quickly,temperatures near the greenhouses have decreased.This example should act as an inspiration for all cities.By painting buildings white,cities may slow down the warming process.In Peru,local farmers around a mountain with a glacier that has already fallen victim to climate change have begun painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the life-giving ice.The outcome is still far from clear.But the World Bank has included the project on its list of“100ideas to save the planet”.More ordinary forms of adaptation are happening everywhere.A friend of mine owns an area of land in western Victoria.Over five generations the land has been too wet for cropping. But during the past decade declining rainfall has allowed him to plant highly profitable crops. Farmers in many countries are also adapting like this—either by growing new produce,or by growing the same things differently.This is common sense.But some suggestions for adapting are not.When the polluting industries argue that we ve lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt,it s a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual.Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways.But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution.After all,if we adapt in that way,we may avoid the need to change in so many others.1.The underlined part in Paragraph2implies.A.adaptation is an ever-changing processB.the cost of adaptation varies with timeC.global warming affects adaptation formsD.adaptation to climate change is challenging2.What is special with regard to Rezwan s project?A.The project receives government support.B.Different organizations work with each other.C.His organization makes the best of a bad situation.D.The project connects flooded roads and highways.3.What did the Ice Man do to reduce the effect of global warming?A.Storing ice for future use.B.Protecting the glaciers from melting.C.Changing the irrigation time.D.Postponing the melting of the glaciers.4.What do we learn from the Peru example?A.White paint is usually safe for buildings.B.The global warming trend cannot be stopped.C.This country is heating up too quickly.D.Sunlight reflection may relieve global warming.5.According to the author,polluting industries should.A.adapt to carbon pollutionB.plant highly profitable cropsC.leave carbon emission aloneD.fight against carbon pollution6.What s the author s preferred solution to global warming?A.Setting up a new standard.B.Reducing carbon emission.C.Adapting to climate change.D.Monitoring polluting industries.答案1.A2.C3.A4.D5.D6.BPassage4(2016课标全国Ⅰ,C)词数:269I am Peter Hodes,a volunteer stem cell courier.Since March2012,I ve done89trips—of those,51have been abroad.I have42hours to carry stem cells(干细胞)in my little box because I ve got two ice packs and that s how long they last.In all,from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者)to the time they can be implanted in the patient,we ve got72hours at most.So I am always conscious of time.I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America.I picked up the stem cells in Providence,Rhode Island,and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London.But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence,the lady on the desk said:“Well,I m really sorry,I ve got some bad news for you—there are no flights from Washington.” So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said:“In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient—please,please,you ve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.” She just dropped everything.She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me,re-routed(改道)me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.For this courier job,you re consciously aware that in that box you ve got something that is potentially going to save somebody s life.1.Which of the following can replace the underlined word“courier”in Paragraph1?A.providerB.delivery manC.collectorD.medical doctor2.Why does Peter have to complete his trip within42hours?A.He cannot stay away from his job too long.B.The donor can only wait for that long.C.The operation needs that much time.D.The ice won t last any longer.3.Which flight did the woman put Peter on first?A.To London.B.To Newark.C.To Providence.D.To Washington.答案1.B2.D3.BPassage5(2016课标全国Ⅱ,B)词数:294Five years ago,when I taught art at a school in Seattle,I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students.I put a small set of Tinkertoysin front of each student,and said:“Make something out of the Tinkertoys.You have45 minutes today—and45minutes each day for the rest of the week.”A few students hesitated to start.They waited to see what the rest of the class would do. Several others checked the instructions and made something according to one of the model plans provided.Another group built something out of their own imaginations.Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time.His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home.I was delighted at the presence of such a student.Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect(感染)other students.Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside.I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking.Without fail one would declare,“But I m just not creative.”“Do you dream at night when you re asleep?”“Oh,sure.”“So tell me one of your most interesting dreams.”The student would tell something wildly imaginative.Flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads.“That s pretty creative.Who does that for you?”“Nobody.I do it.”“Really—at night,when you re asleep?”“Sure.”“Try doing it in the daytime,in class,okay?”1.The teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to.A.know more about the studentsB.make the lessons more excitingC.raise the students interest in artD.teach the students about toy design2.What do we know about the boy mentioned in Paragraph3?A.He liked to help his teacher.B.He preferred to study alone.C.He was active in class.D.He was imaginative.3.What does the underlined word“downside”in Paragraph4probably mean?A.Mistake.B.Drawback.C.Difficulty.D.Burden.4.Why did the teacher ask the students to talk about their dreams?A.To help them to see their creativity.B.To find out about their sleeping habits.C.To help them to improve their memory.D.To find out about their ways of thinking.答案1.A2.D3.B4.APassage6(2016课标全国Ⅲ,B)词数:323On one of her trips to New York several years ago,Eudora Welty decided to take a couple of New York friends out to dinner.They settled in at a comfortable East Side cafe and within minutes,another customer was approaching their table.“Hey,aren t you from Mississippi?”the elegant,white-haired writer remembered being asked by the stranger.“I m from Mississippi too.”Without a second thought,the woman joined the Welty party.When her dinner partner showed up,she also pulled up a chair.“They began telling me all the news of Mississippi,”Welty said.“I didn t know what my New York friends were thinking.”Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine.By the time the group got up to leave,it was pouring outside.Welty s new friends immediately sent a waiter to find a cab. Heading back downtown toward her hotel,her big-city friends were amazed at the turn of events that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi state reunion(团聚).“My friend said:‘Now we believe your stories,’”Welty added.“And I said:‘Now you know.These are the people that make me write them.’”Sitting on a sofa in her room,Welty,a slim figure in a simple gray dress,looked pleased with this explanation.“I don t make them up,”she said of the characters in her fiction these last50or so years.“I don t have to.”Beauticians,bartenders,piano players and people with purple hats,Welty s people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends,from walks through the streets of her native Jackson,Miss.,from conversations overheard on a bus.It annoys Welty that,at78,her left ear has now given out.Sometimes,sitting on a bus or a train,she hears only a fragment(片断)of a particularly interesting story.1.What happened when Welty was with her friends at the cafe?A.Two strangers joined her.B.Her childhood friends came in.C.A heavy rain ruined the dinner.D.Some people held a party there.2.The underlined word“them”in Paragraph6refers to Welty s.A.readersB.partiesC.friendsD.stories3.What can we learn about the characters in Welty s fiction?A.They live in big cities.B.They are mostly women.C.They come from real life.D.They are pleasure seekers.答案1.A2.D3.CPassage7(2016四川,B)词数:242If you could have one superpower,what would it be?Dreaming about whether you would want to read minds,see through walls,or have superhuman strength may sound silly,but it actually gets to the heart of what really matters in your life.Every day in our work,we are inspired by the people we meet doing extraordinary things to improve the world.They have a different kind of superpower that all of us possess:the power to make a difference in the lives of others.We re not saying that everyone needs to contribute their lives to the poor.Your lives are busy enough doing homework,playing sports,making friends,seeking after your dreams.But we do think that you can live a more powerful life when you devote some of your time and energy to something much larger than yourself.Find an issue you are interested in and learn more.Volunteer or,if you can,contribute a little money to a cause.Whatever you do,don t be a bystander.Get involved.You may have the opportunity to make your biggest difference when you re older.But why not start now?Our own experience working together on health,development,and energy the last twenty years has been one of the most rewarding parts of our lives.It has changed who we are and continues to fuel our optimism about how much the lives of the poorest people will improve in the years ahead.1.What does the underlined part in Paragraph2refer to?A.Your life style.B.Your life value.C.Your trouble in life.D.Your life experience.2.Why does the author say they are inspired every day?A.They possess different kinds of superpowers.B.They have got the power to change the world.C.Some people around them are making the world better.D.There are many powerful people in their life and work.3.What does the author stress in Paragraph5?A.Learning more and contributing more to a cause.B.Rising above self and acting to help others.C.Working hard to get a bigger opportunity.D.Trying your best to help the poor.4.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A.The author believes the lives of the poorest will get better.B.Much more progress will be made in the near future.C.The work on health is the most valuable experience.D.People s efforts have been materially rewarded.答案1.B2.C3.B4.APassage8(2016四川,C)词数:313In the depths of the French Guianese rainforest,there still remain unusual groups of indigenous(土著的)people.Surprisingly,these people live largely by their own laws and their own social customs.And yet,people in this area are in fact French citizens because it has been a colony(殖民地)of the French Republic since1946.In theory,they should live by the French law.However,their remote locations mean that the French law is often ignored or unknown,thus making them into an interesting area of“lawlessness”in the world.The lives of these people have finally been recorded thanks to the efforts of a Frenchman from Paris called Gin.Gin spent five months in early2015exploring the most remote corners of this area,which sits on the edge of the Amazon rainforest,with half its population of only 250,000living in its capital,Cayenne.“I have a special love for the French Guianese people.I have worked there on and off for almost ten years,”says Gin.“I ve been able to keep firm friendships with them.Thus I have been allowed to gain access to their living environment.I don t see it as a lawless land. But rather I see it as an area of freedom.”“I wanted to show the audience a photographic record touching upon the uncivilized life,”continues Gin.“I prefer to work in black and white,which allows me to show different specific worlds more clearly.”His black-and-white pictures present a world almost lost in time.These pictures show people seemingly pushed into a world that they were unprepared for.These local citizens now have to balance their traditional self-supporting hunting lifestyle with the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic,which brings with it not only necessary state welfare,but also alcoholism,betrayal and even suicide.1.Why does the author feel surprised about the indigenous people in French Guiana?A.They seldom follow the French law.B.They often ignore the Guianese law.C.They are separated from the modern world.D.They are both Guianese and French citizens.2.Gin introduces the special world of the indigenous Guianese as.A.a tour guideB.a geographerC.a film directorD.a photographer3.What is Gin s attitude towards the lives of the indigenous Guianese?A.Cautious.B.Doubtful.C.Uninterested.D.Appreciative.4.What does the underlined word“it” in the last paragraph refer to?A.The modern French lifestyle.B.The self-supporting hunting.C.The uncivilized world.D.The French Republic.答案1.A2.D3.D4.APassage9(2016北京,D)词数:443Why College Is Not HomeThe college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity.However,now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence,during which many of today s students are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.For previous generations,college was a decisive break from parental control;guidance and support needed to come from people of the same age and from within.In the past two decades, however,continued connection with and dependence on family,thanks to cell phones,email and social media,have increased significantly.Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility,universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility,college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation.This process involves“trying on” new ways of thinking about oneself both intellectually(在思维方面)and personally.While we should provide“safe spaces” within colleges,we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views.Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered by strict debate and questioning.Learning to deal with the social world is equally important.Because a collegecommunity(群体)differs from the family,many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging.If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern,they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community.Moreover,the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults:the response to being controlled by their elders.If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined(规定)and controlled,the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged.It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out,particularly when there are reasons to do so.Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency.What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescents desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world.Therefore,there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth.Every college discussion about community values,social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation,of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery.1.What s the author s attitude toward continued parental guidance to college students?A.Sympathetic.B.Disapproving.C.Supportive.D.Neutral.2.The underlined word“passage” in Paragraph2means.A.changeB.choiceC.textD.extension3.According to the author,what role should college play?A.To develop a shared identity among students.B.To define and regulate students social behavior.C.To provide a safe world without tension for students.D.To foster students intellectual and personal development.4.Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?I:Introduction P:Point Sp:Sub-point(次要点)C:Conclusion答案1.B2.A3.D4.CPassage10(2016天津,C)词数:378When John was growing up,other kids felt sorry for him.His parents always had him weeding the garden,carrying out the garbage and delivering newspapers.But when John reached adulthood,he was better off than his childhood playmates.He had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier.Most of all,he was happier.Far happier.These are the findings of a40-year study that followed the lives of456teenage boys from Boston.The study showed that those who had worked as boys enjoyed happier and more productive lives than those who had not.“Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence(能力)and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society,”said George Vaillant,the psychologist(心理学家)who made the discovery.“And because they felt good about themselves,others felt good about them.”Vaillant s study followed these males in great detail.Interviews were repeated at ages25, 31and47.Under Vaillant,the researchers compared the men s mental-health scores with their boyhood-activity scores.Points were awarded for part-time jobs,housework,effort in school,and ability to deal with problems.The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp.Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people,five times as likely to be well paid and16 times less likely to have been unemployed.The researchers also found that IQ and family social and economic class made no real difference in how the boys turned out.Working—at any age—is important.Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independence,confidence and competence—the underpinnings(基础)of emotional health.They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals.The most competent adults are those who know how to do this.Yet work isn t everything.As Tolstoy。

2019届二轮复习英语阅读理解专题词义猜测试题解题指导高考考情分析解读：词义猜测题是高考阅读理解题中的一种常见的题型。

词义猜测可以是对一个单词的意义推断，也可以是对一个短语或一个句子的意义推断，既可以是生词生义，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。

通过对近年新课标全国卷分析统计来看，词义猜测题一般有1－2题。

考查相对比较稳定，但难度略有增加，需要在复杂的句式中通过上下文综合分析才能得出答案。

在词义猜测题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或词组的含义。

2016年全国卷设问形式例子：(1)What does the underlined word“downside”in Paragraph4probably mean？(2016年课标全国卷Ⅱ)(2)What does the underline phrase“a pipe dream”in Paragraph3mean？(2016年课标全国卷Ⅲ)(3)What does the word“contributions”in the last paragraph refer to？(2015年课标全国卷Ⅰ)常见的命题形式有：The underlined word in the second paragraph means“________”．Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph?The underlined word“________”in Paragraph2can best be replaced by“________”．What does the phrase“________”in Paragraph1mean?本学案结构：利用定义definition或同义解释利用构词法word-building利用语境和逻辑关系根据语法知识猜测根据常识common sense判定重述举例反义（同义第一部分已讲）因果代词指代猜测题目句子猜测句意题目附：典故谚语知识储备单词或短语意思猜测题该题型着重考查考生根据上下文猜测词义的能力，这也是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的过程，即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是该词或短语前后的句子)进行推理，有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。

2019高考英语阅读理解专题-词义猜测类（含解析）一、阅读理解1.根据短文理解，选择正确答案。

Xinhua News—The Beijing government has set out to recruit thousands of university graduates to work as junior officials in rural areas to both improve rural administration and ease the city's employment problems.The government plans to recruit 3,000 university graduates this year, 1,000 more than last year, to work as assistants to village heads or party secretaries in suburban areas.People interested in jobs in Beijing's rural villages and towns can send applications to Beijing Municipal Bureau of Personnel or log on to from February 1 through March 15.“We hope university graduates will seize this opportunity to use their knowledge in rural villages and to start their career s,” Sun Zhenyu, the Deputy Director of Beijing Personnel Bureau, told Xinhua News Agency.The government has promised successful candidates a monthly salary of 2,000 Yuan in the first year, 2,500 Yuan the second year and 3,000 the third year, provided their performance is up to the required standards, Sun said.Wang Lina, who graduated from Beijing Union University last year, was one of the first graduates to find work in the city's countryside. After majoring in Industrial and Commercial Administration, Wang served as the assistant to the village head of Ertiaojie Village in suburban Beijing's Pinggu District. For one project, Wang contacted people at Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences and arranged for the local farmers to receive training in strawberry planting. Her efforts paid off. The village had a plentiful harvest of organic strawberries earlier this year.Nationwide, about 150,000 university graduates found employment in rural areas last year, according to the figures provided by the Ministry of Education.The ministry predicts that 4.95 million students will graduate from universities across the country this year, 820,000 more than last year. About 1.4 million of them are unlikely to find jobs when they graduate. In Beijing, a record of 200,000 people are expected to graduate from university this year. Less than half of them are expected to be offered jobs, according to Beijing Personnel Bureau.（1）From the story of Wang Lina we can learn that _________.A. Wang had great difficulty in helping villagers plant organic strawberriesB. local farmers can get big harvests if they work together with herC. the sooner you go to the countryside, the sooner you will be successfulD. university graduate can realize their value no matter where they work（2）The underlined word “recruit” in the first paragraph probably means ________.A. forceB. employC. encourageD. train（3）The last two paragraphs seem to tell us that ________.A. it is not easy for graduates to find jobs nowadaysB. more and more graduates will work as junior officialsC. the universities should not enroll so many studentsD. there are more and more jobs provided by the Ministry of Education（4）Which of the following can be the best title for this passage?A. The Government's Help for University GraduatesB. A Good Choice for University GraduatesC. Job Hunting for University GraduatesD. What is the Best Career?2.阅读理解Nothing could stop Dad. After he was put on disability for a bad back, he bought a small farm in the country, just enough to grow food for the family. He planted vegetables, fruit trees and even kept bees for honey.And every week he cleaned Old Man McColgin's chicken house in exchange for manure(肥料). The smell really burned the inside of your nose. When we complained about the terrible smell, Dad said the stronger the manure, the healthier the crops, and he was right. For example, just one of his cantaloupes filled the entire house with its sweet smell, and the taste was even sweeter.As the vegetables started coming in, Dad threw himself into cooking. One day, armed with a basket of vegetables, he announced he was going to make stew(炖菜).Dad pulled out a pressure cooker and filled it up with cabbages, eggplants, potatoes, corns, onions and carrots. For about half an hour, the pressure built and the vegetables cooked. Finally, Dad turned off the stove, the pot began to cool and the pressure relief valve sprayed out a cloud of steam. If we thought Dad's pile of chicken manure was bad, this was 10 times worse. When Dad took off the lid, the smell nearly knocked us out.Dad carried the pot out and we opened doors and windows to air out the house. Just how bad was it? The neighbors came out of their houses to see if we had a gas leak!Determined, Dad filled our plates with steaming stew and passed them around. It didn't look that bad, and after the first wave had shut down my ability to smell, it didn't offend the nose so much, either. I took a taste. It would never win a prize in a cooking competition, but it was surprisingly edible, and we drank up every last drop of soup!（1）Why did Dad clean Old Man Mocolgin's chicken house regularly?A. To earn some money for the family.B. To collect manure for his crops.C. To get rid of the terrible smell.D. To set a good example to us.（2）What can we infer about Dad's stew?A. It is popular among the neighbors.B. It contains honey and vegetables.C. It looks very wonderful.D. It tastes quite delicious.（3）What does the underlined word “offend” in the last paragraph mean?A. To attract.B. To upset.C. To air.D. To shut.（4）What can we learn about Dad form the text?A. He is an experienced cook.B. He is a troublesome father.C. He has a positive attitude to life.D. He suffers a lot from his disability.3.阅读理解I've never been the ki nd of person to say, “it's the thought that counts” when it comes to gifts. That was until a couple of weeks ago, when my kids gave me a present that blew me away.For years now, I've been wanting to sell our home, the place where my husband and 1 raised our kids. But to me, this house is much more than just a building.In the front room, there's a wall that has hundreds of pencil lines, marking the progress of my children's growth.Every growth stage is marked in grey, with each child's name and the date they were measured. Of all the objects and all the memories, it's this one thing in a home that's the hardest to leave behind. Friends I know have returned home after work only to discover their wall of heights has been freshly painted over. A new paint job wouldn't normally be greeted by tears, but erasing that evidence of motherhood hurts more than it should. Our kids grow in so many ways, but the wall is physical evidence of their progress, right there for everyone to see.Over the years, I've talked about how much I would hate leaving that wall behind when I moved, even though the last marks were made 10 years ago when my kids stopped growing.So one day, while I was at work, my children decided to do something about it.They hired Jacquie Manning, a professional photographer whose work is about capturing (捕捉) the beautiful things in life, from clear lakes and skies to diamonds and ballgowns (舞会礼服). She came to our house while I was at work, and over several hours, took photos of the hundreds of drawings and lines, little grey fingerprints (手印), and old marks. Somehow, she managed to photograph all those years of memories perfectly. Afterwards, she put all the photos together into one image, transforming them into a beautiful history of my family.Three weeks later, my children's wonderful gift made its way to me—a life-size photo of the pencil lines and fingerprints that represents entire lifetimes of love and growth.（1）The underlined phrase in Para. I “blew me away" probably means “”.A. attracted meB. surprised meC. accepted meD. refused me （2）What does the house really mean to the author?A. A house.B. Buildings.C. An object.D. Memories. （3）What surprised the friends I know after work?A. Finding the wall repainted.B. Erasing the fingerprints.C. Greeting them by tears.D. Leaving the wall unfinished（4）What is the best title for the text?A. Gift Made with LoveB. Buildings Made by ChildrenC. A Very Wonderful PaintingD. A Family History4.阅读理解Nervous suspects locked up in Britain's newest police station may feel relieved by a pleasantyellow color on the door . If they are close to confessing（供认）a crime , the blue on the wall might tip the balance .Gwent Police have abandoned colors such as greys and browns of the 20th-century police cell （牢房）and have used color psychology to decorate them .Ystrad Mynach station , which recently opened at a cost of ￡5 million has four cells with glass doors for prisoners who suffer from claustrophobia（幽闭恐怖症）. Designers have painted the frames yellow , which researchers say is a calming color . Other cells contain a royal blue line because psychologists believe that the color is likely to encourage truthfulness .The s tation has 31 cells , including 12 with a “live scan” system for drunken or disturbed prisoners , which detects the rise and fall of their chest . An alarm alerts officers if a prisoner's breathing stops and carries on ringing until the door is opened .Designers and psychologists have worked for years on color . Blue is said to suggest trust , efficiency , duty , logic , coolness , thinking and calm . It also suggests coldness and unfriendliness . It is thought that strong blues will stimulate clear thought and lighter , soft colors will calm the mind and aid concentration .Yellow is linked with confidence , self-respect and friendliness get the color wrong and it could cause fear , depression and anxiety , but the right yellow can lift spirits and self-respect .Ingrid Collins , a psychologist who specializes in the effects of color , said that color was an “ energy force ” . She said : “ Blue does enhance communication but I am not sure it would enhance truthful communication . ”Yellow , she said , affected the mind . Red , on the other hand , should never be considered because it could increase aggression . Mrs. Collins praised the designers for using colors in the cells . Gwent is not the first British force to experiment with color to calm down or persuade prisoners to co-operate , In the 1990s Strathclyde Police used pink in cells based on research carried out by the US Navy .（1）The expression “ tip the balance ” in Paragraph 1 probably indicates that the blue might __________ .A. let suspects keep their balanceB. help suspects to confess their crimesC. make suspects cold and unfriendly in law courtD. enable suspects to change their attitudes to colors（2）Which of the following helps alert officers if someone stops breathing ?A. Scanning equipment .B. Royal blue lines .C. Glass doors .D. Yellow frames . （3）The passage is mainly concerned with __________ .A. the relationship between colors and psychologyB. a comparison of different functions of colorsC. the use of colors in cells to affect criminals' psychologyD. scientific ways to help criminals reform themselves in prison5.阅读理解One afternoon I toured an art museum while waiting for my husband to finish a business meeting.I was looking forward to a quiet view of the art works.A young couple viewing the paintings ahead of me chatted nonstop between themselves.I watched them a moment and decided the wife was doing all the talk.I admired the husband's patience for putting up with her continuous talk.Distracted by their noise,I moved on.I met with them several times as I moved through the different rooms of art.Each time I heard her constant burst of words,I moved away quickly.I was standing at the counter of the museum gift shop making a purchase when the couple came near to the exit.Before they left,the man reached into his pocket and pulled out a white object.He extended it into a long stick and then tapped his way into the coatroom to get his wife's jacket.“He's a brave man.”The clerk at the counter said,”Most of us would give up if wewere blinded at such a young age.During his recovery he made a promise that his life wouldn't change. So, as before,he and his wife come in whenever there's a new art show.”“But what does he get out of the art?”I asked,“He can't see.”“Can't see?You're wrong.He sees a lot.More than you or I do.”The clerk said,“His wife describes each painting so he ca n see it in his head.”I learned something about patience,courage and love that day.I saw the patience of a young wife describing paintings to a person without sight and the courage of a husband who would not allow blindness to change his life.And I saw the love shared by two people as I watched this couple walk away hand in hand.（1）The young couple were at an art museum ________.A. to discuss paintingsB. to show their loveC. to appreciate artD. to describe paintings（2）“I moved away quickly.”in Paragraph 3 shows that the writer ________.A. was in the hope of visiting more roomsB. was in a hurry to buy some giftsC. was not interested in the art showD. was tired of the nonstop talking（3）We can infer from the passage that the husband _________.A. couldn't stand his wifeB. was not born blindC. knew nothing about artD. completely depended on his wife（4）After hearing what the clerk had said about the couple,the writer was ________.A. touched（感动的）B. excitedC. encouragedD. annoyed（气恼的）6.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

2019年高考英语二轮复习第一板块阅读理解之题型篇一第4讲【词义猜测题】[考查内容][设问方式] 根据上下文猜测词义是阅读能力的一部分，也是高考阅读理解测试中重要的一项。

要做好这类题目，考生要记住：在完整的语篇中，单词和词组的意义总是受特定的语境、上下文限制的，因此考生可以根据上下文，并利用所掌握的语法、词汇和构词法等知识确定它们的意义。

词义猜测可以是对一个单词的意义的推断，也可以是对一个短语或句子的意义的推断；既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新义，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。

在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，而要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或短语的含义。

By saying that “...” in the first (second ...) paragraph, the author means that ________. In Paragraph ..., “...” can be replaced by “______”． The meaning of “...” in Paragraph ... is related to ________. Which of the following has the closest meaning to ... (Paragraph ...)？ As is used in Line ..., the word “...” refers to ________. The underlined sentence in the ... paragraph probably means that ________.词义猜测题7大猜词技巧要做好词义猜测题，考生除了必须熟练掌握《考试大纲》规定的词汇外，在平时的训练中还要注意积累生词和短语，掌握构词法的基本知识，对于各种前、后缀的变化形式了然于心，还要学会根据上下文语境进行合理推测，掌握一定的解题技巧。

2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习阅读理解词义猜测题专练三指代猜测类(xx·黄冈检测)On Christmas Day, xx, a woman named Nancy Sue Brown took her daughter and grandchildren to see a movie at an AMC theater. When the movie was over, the crowd made for the exits. A theater employee had just finished mopping the hallway and dutifully placed the “wet floor” sign in the slippery area. No one slipped due to the wet conditions, but someone did manage to knock over the sign. And by the time Ms. Brown got to the area, the sign was lying on the floor. And shortly thereafter, so was she. Her foot got caught in the sign, in a bad way, and she fell. Unfortunately Ms. Brown had undergone a back operation, and the fall caused more damage than it otherwise would have. So she and her husband sued (提起诉讼)．AMC argu ed that the entire point of the “wet floor” sign above was to warn of danger, and therefore, courts should encourage the use by not allowing Brown's case to proceed (继续进行). AMC referred to a case about a December, xx incident, where a “wet floor” sign, not in use, fell to the floor causing another trip­and­fall. In that case, Georgia's Court of Appeals ruled in favor of the store, but didn't go so far as to say that “wet floor” signs couldn't give rise to legal liability (责任) in trip­and­fall accidents. In the Brown case, the Supreme Court therefore rejected AMC's argument that the former case applied.But the Browns argued something surprising that the “wet floor” sign was, itself, dangerous, because “using this type of sign in areas passed by lots of customers creates an unreasonable risk of foreseeable harm to the public in the form of tripping hazards (危险)．” That's right — the safety sign, used in the way it was designed, was itself dangerous. The court thankfully didn't accept that argument, at least not entirely. But it did conclude that Brown's case could continue to a jury (陪审团) —“a merchant's selection and use of equipment designed to warn customers of one danger that has the potential to expose them to a different one”．体裁：议论文题材：社会现象主题：“小心地滑”指示牌引发的安全事件【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了布朗夫人在美国一家AMC影院看完电影离开时，被“小心地滑”的指示牌绊倒受伤后，向法院提起诉讼的原因以及法院的审判结果。

高考专题阅读理解---词义猜测一1、In the mid-2000s, Waze Mobile co-founder Ehud Shabtai received a cutting-edge (尖端的) gift from girlfriend: a GPS. The expensive gift was supposed to be helpful. But straight out of the box, it was already out of date.Shabtai, a coding enthusiast, had an immediate reaction to reinvent. Shabtai’s solution? To build an app. With 80 million monthly active users globally and nearly 400,000 superusers who function much like Wikipedia volunteer editors (editing maps rather than words), Waze Mobile caught the eye of Google as a revolutionary approach to navigation (导航).Acquired by Google in 2013, Waze’s value mainly lies in its high rate of user involvement. Unlike traditional navigation apps that simply show directions, Waze asks its users to report accidents and other road conditions in real time, so other users can avoid the traffic by using an alternative route.The goal behind Waze’s approach is an ambitious one: not just avoid traffic, but end it altogether. Waze is finding new ways to put its loyal and active user base to use to make that vision a reality, including a plan to make carpooling (拼车) cool.To be sure, traffic jams are troubling people all over the world. Waze has been quietly ahead of the game for some time. In 2013, when Waze was just a small digital-mapping business with limited resources it had something Google Maps and other competitors didn’t: richer GPS guidance thanks to its stream of live traffic reports from users.These users were the basis of S habtai’s plan to solve for his GPS device’s “silent” hardware: he grounded the app in software that could be perpetually updated by users, anywhere and anytime.Waze Carpool is going straight to the heart of traffic jams, trying to get more drivers off the road and into carpools. The app has already connected tens of thousands of rideseekers with drivers willing to ferry them along a shared route, and that trend could be the answer to atraffic-free future.1.What did Shabtai do when he found his girlfr iend’s gift out of date?A.He improved it.B.He took it apart.C.He put it away.D.He used it anyway.2.What sets Waze Mobile apart from traditional navigation apps?A.It has the most users.B.It can indicate directions.C.It reports road conditions in real time.D.Most users help edit its words.3.What does the underlined word “perpetually” in paragraph 6 probably mean?A.Difficultly.B.Carefully.C.Greatly.D.Constantly.4.What is mainly talked about in the text?A.The rise of carpooling.B.An advanced navigation app.C.The development of Google.D.Traffic problems in the world.2、There is a very instructive incident involving the life of Alexander the Great, King of Greek. Alexander, after conquering many kingdoms, was returning home. On the way, he fell ill and it took him to his death bed. With death staring him in his face, Alexander realized his conquests, his great army, his sharp sword and all his wealth were of no consequence. So, he lay helplessly waiting to breathe his last. He called his genera ls and said, “I will depart from this world soon, and I have three wishes. Please carry them out without fail.”“My first desire is that,” said Alexander, “my physicians alone must carry my coffin.” After a pause, he continued, “Secondly, I desire that when my coffin is being carried to the grave, the path leading to the graveyard be strewn(撒满) with gold, silver and precious stones which I have collected.” The King continued, “My third and last wish is that both my hands should be kept hanging out of my coffin.” Alexander's favorite general kissed his hand and pressed them to hisheart. “Oh King, we assure you that your wishes will all be fulfilled. But tell us why do you make such strange wishes?”Alexander took a deep breath and said, “I would like the world to know of the three lessons I have just learnt. I want my physicians to carry my coffin because people should realize that no doctor can really cure any bodies. They are powerless and cannot save a person from the clutches of death. So let people not take life for granted.“The second wish of strewing gold, silver and other riches on the way to the graveyard is to tell people that not even a bit of gold will come with me. I spent all my life earning riches but cannot take anything with me. Let people realize that it is just a waste of time to chase wealth.“And about my third wish of having my hands hanging out of the coffin, I wish people to know that I came emptyhanded into this world and empty-handed out of this world.” With these word s, the King closed his eyes. Soon he let death conquer him and breathed his last.1.The first paragraph suggests that Alexander ________.A.was conquering many kingdomsB.realized that what he got in his life was nothing to him at allC.wanted to leave as he came empty-handedD.regarded his conquests, his great army, his sharp sword and all his wealth as the most important things2.The underlined word “clutches” in Paragraph 3 means “________”.A.sentenceB.attentionC.controlD.shadow3.The author intends to________.A.tell us the story of AlexanderB.introduce readers to the instructive lessons of AlexanderC.stress the power of Alexander the GreatD.persuade people to realize what Alexander said4.What would be the best title for the passage?A.The Death of AlexanderB.The Greed of AlexanderC.Three Wishes of AlexanderD.The Life of Alexander3、Do other countries’ students also have so much homework? What do they usually do in their free time? You may feel curious about them.On April 8, a report came out on the lives of high school students in China, Japan, South Korea and the US. It surveyed around 6,200 students from the four countries last year. You will find the answers to many of your questions in this report.Who studies hardest?Chinese students spend the most time studying. Nearly half of Chinese students spend more than two hours on their homework every day. That’s much more than the US (26.496), Japan (8.2%) and South Korea (5.2%).Who sleeps most often in class?Japanese students fall asleep in class most often. About 45% of them said they soon doze off in class. In South Korea, it’s 32%; in the US, 21%; and 5% in China.South Korean students don’t like taking notes. About 70% said they write down what the teacher says in class, many fewer than in Japan (93%), china (90%) and the US (89%).Who is the most distracted (走神)?American students are the most active in class, but also the most distracted: 64.2% said they chat with friends in class; 46.9% said they eat snacks in class; and 38.9% said they send e-mails or read unrelated books in class.What do they do after school?In their spare time, most Chinese students study or surf the Internet. Most American students hang out with their friends. Most Japanese students do physical exercise. Most Korean students watch TV.1.The report is about________.A.the countriesB.the subjectsC.the students’ livesD.the high schools2.What country isn’t mentioned in the report?A.The US.B.South Korea.C.Japan.D.India.3.______of the Chinese students spend more than two hours on their homework.A.26.4%B.8.2%C.5.2%D.48.6%4.The underlined phrase “doze off’ means_______.A.be half asleepB.get upC.eat snacksD.send emails4、Humans make mistakes.Even surgeons with years of experience are not infallible.But what if these doctors could pool their knowledge and experience together and create a surgical standard of care,to be carried out by machines?That's the idea behind surgical robots,which may soon perform most surgeries,from sewing up tiny wounds to performing heart procedures.Many of these operations are,in fact,already completed with the assistance of robots.But a recent test suggests that robots in the operating room may soon go a step further,performing on soft tissue completely on their own,from start to finish.The Smart Tissue Autonomous Robot(STAR),successfully completed surgeries on pigs."We're the first group to develop autonomous robotic surgery with soft-tissue surgery,and when compared to standard operation,it's better,"says Peter Kim,professor of surgery."The idea is not to replace surgeons;it will make the surgeons better and make the procedures safer."A recent Mayo Clinic study found that major surgical errors-including operating on the wrong site or side of the body,or even leaving tools or objects inside the patient-occur every one out of 22,000 procedures.That's rare,but robots like STAR would aim to lower the number even further.In the da Vinci surgical system,surgeons place their arms inside instruments and use their hands to control the movement of robotic tools on the operating table from afar.The robot's every major move is controlled by surgeons,and thus its results may vary based on the surgeon's training or experience.STAR,on the other hand,is entirely autonomous.It's not only able to work on its own and perform surgeries with a more flexible "hand",but it's able to react to the unexpected incidents.Cutting into hard tissue like bones is one thing,but operating on moving soft tissue is far more complex.STAR reacts to a changing environment,similar to how self-driving cars are programmed to not only drive on the highway,but also react to another driver making a mistake and getting in your way.1.The underlined word "infallible" in Paragraph 1probably means ______.A.quite smartB.really creativeC.rather responsibleD.always right2.We can learn from the passage that STAR ______.A.can perform the operation on its ownB.has been widely used in the operating roomC.can make surgeries much fasterD.will take the place of surgeons3.In the da Vinci surgical system, ______.A.robots are trained from afarB.robots always make mistakesC.surgery results depend on surgeonsD.surgeons have trouble controlling robots4.In the last paragraph,the author mentions self-driving cars in order to show ______.A.how smart an autonomous robot can beB.how difficult self-driving on the highway isC.how bad getting in another driver's way might beD.how dangerous operating on people is.5、On a February afternoon in a classroom, Taylor came face to face with a cow-but it was all in her head.A virtual(虚拟的)reality headset had transported her and her classmates to a farm 250 miles away and for them, the technology means field trips are no longer limited by a bus ride.On any given day, students nationwide walk through fields, dive into deep sea, and observe medical operations by using such headset. It's another way to attract the iPhone generation of students and improve their understanding and their grades.Richard Lamb is a scientist working at Buffalo Science Lab. In the lab, the physical effects of virtual reality become clear as participants experience motion (运动) sickness without moving. “Some of the research we’re do ing has shown that what you experience in virtual reality has very similar responses that you would get if you were doing the actual activity, ” Lamb said.It's unknown how many classrooms have or will adopt the technology, but experts say it's still r elatively rare. While individual headsets that require a user’s phone can cost as little as $20 or $30, systems and software for classes will cost thousands of dollars. Early complaints about a lack of good software are fading as more companies enter the market, but the rules for use haven't necessarily caught up with the technology.In New York, virtual lab experiments don’t count toward the state's hands-on lab time requirements. Even so, the sciences are an area where virtual reality holds particular promise for classrooms. “The biggest impediment is going to be the quality of that experience, and that means how closely it mimics (模仿) the physical world, ” said David Evans, a scientist. “ Doing dangerous things and running into a lot more cases repres ent a huge learning opportunity.”Lamb agreed. “Too often in schools, when we do things in labs, you mix things together and you get this outcome. And if you don't get that outcome, you did something wrong, but we don't have enough resources for you to redo it,” he said. “In virtual reality, all I do is on the computer. I don’t have to actually use chemicals.”1.What does a virtual reality headset really help the students do?A.Take some exercise.B.Perform an operation.C.Go for a bus ride.D.Have different experiences.2.The technology is rarely used in classrooms mainly because ________.A.students show little interest in itB.it's too expensive for users to afford itC.supporting software is inaccessible yetD.it's inconvenient to be operated by students3.Which word can replace the underlined word “impediment” in Paragraph 5?A.Opportunity.B.Difficulty.C.Surprise.D.Disappointment.4.Which of the following statements do both Lamb and Evans agree with?A.This technology can save students a lot of time.B.This technology is safe when used in experiments.C.This technology can enrich students' learning experiences.D.This technology can produce a better result in real life.6、Far from the land of Antarctica, a huge shelf of ice meets the ocean. At the underside of the shelf there lives a small fish, the Antarctic cod.For forty years scientists have been curious about that fish. How does it live where most fish would freeze to death? It must have some secret. The Antarctic is not a comfortable place to work and research has been slow. Now it seems we have an answer.Research was begun by cutting holes in the ice and catching the fish. Scientists studied the fish's blood and measured its freezing point.The fish were taken from seawater that had a temperature of -1.88℃and many tiny pieces of ice floating in it. The blood of the fish did not begin to freeze until its temperature was lowered to-2.05℃. That small difference is enough for the fish to live at the freezing temperature of theice-salt mixture.The scientists' next research job was clear: Find out what in the fish's blood kept it from freezing. Their search led to some really strange things made up of a protein (蛋白质) never before seen in the blood of a fish. When it was removed, the blood froze at seawater temperature. When it was put back, the blood again had its anti­freeze quality and a lowered freezing point.Study showed that it is an unusual kind of protein. It has many small sugar molecules (分子) held in special positions within each big protein molecule. Because of its sugar content, it is called a glycoprotein(糖蛋白). So it has come to be called the anti­freeze fish glycoprotein or AFGP.1.What is the text mainly about?A.The terrible conditions in the Antarctic.B.A special fish living in freezing waters.C.The ice shelf around Antarctica.D.Protection of the Antarctic cod.2.Why can the Antarctic cod live at the freezing temperature?A.The seawater has a temperature of -1.88℃.B.It loves to live in the ice-salt mixture.C.A special protein keeps it from freezing.D.Its blood has a temperature lower than -2.05℃.3.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refer to?A.A type of ice-salt mixture.B.A newly found protein.C.Fish blood.D.Sugar molecule.4.What do es “glyco­” in the underlined word “glycoprotein” in the last paragraph mean?A.sugarB.iceC.bloodD.molecule7、Is dark chocolate healthy? Yes,dark chocolate has compounds(化合物) that offer health benefits and can be enjoyed without guilt, even on a daily basis. But the amount matters, since too many bites can contribute to extra fat, sugar and calories and get rid of its health benefits.Dark chocolate is rich in cocoa, which contains compounds known as flavanols(黄烷醇). At high levels, cocoa flavanols have been shown to help lower blood pressure and the risk of diabetes. Dark chocolate has the highest amount of cocoa flavanols: milk chocolate has lens, and white chocolate has none.But while cocoa flavanols in dark chocolate make it a healthful treat they give it a biter flavor. Producers may process chocolate to make it more delicious, but doing so can remove some of these beneficial compounds,said Matt Hartings, an American professor. In spite of this,dark chocolate is still a healthier choice than milk chocolate, which tends to have more sugar. Additionally, cocoa powder contains minerals. So you can enjoy a piece of dark chocolate even after a meal. Just keep the following in mind.First, buy chocolate that has at least 60% cocoa. "Generally speaking,the higher the percentage, the more flavanols. These higher-percentage chocolates have the added benefit over the lower percentages and milk and white chocolates because they contain less sugar and less fat,” Hartings said.Second, if possible, choose natural cocoa over Dutch processed cocoa, which is treated with an alkali(碱). This gives chocolate a milder flavor but removes healthful flavanols.And finally, to keep weight in check, limit to 30 grams of dark chocolate daily, or about 150 calories.1.Dark chocolate is healthy mainly because of the existence of _______.A.rich mineralsB.less sugarC.cocoa flavanolsD.fewer calories2.What does the underlined word “treat” in Paragraph 3 mean?A.Something enjoyable.B.A salt-free diet.C.Food paid by others.D.A cure for an illness.3.What can we learn from the text?A.Cocoa flavanols leads to high blood pressure.B.White chocolate is good for health.C.One can feel free to eat dark chocolate.D.Alkali can affect flavanols’ content.4.What’s the author’s purpose in writing the text?A.To show his love for dark chocolate..B.To promote the sales of chocolate.C.To provide facts about dark chocolate.D.To make a distinction among chocolates.8、Semi-retired advertising agency owner Stephen Thomas, 58 , has been investing on and off for the past 30 years. He made money in the.dotcom boom but got his fingers burned when the bubble burst in March 2000. When he got access to his pension he decided to start investing again, this time with the help of his son Sam.Now the two meet up most afternoons at Stephen’s home in Sandbach , Cheshire to talk about investments. The day starts at 7 am when Sam looks at company announcements online. These regulatory announcements can include a firm’s accounts , g eneral updates or news of mergers(合并) or acquisitions. Sam flags up companies that he thinks look interesting to his dad who then does some more research.Each has an ISA (Individual Savings Account) with AJ Bell , which they use to buy individual stocks and shares. It is a risky way to invest but the two like doing their own research on companies and Stephen makes an effort to go to investor presentations and try to meet the CEO and directors of the firms they invest in and to speak to other investors in the companies.They have invested in oil companies and pet care businesses , to name just a few. But while the investments of the two men are similar, they do have different approaches. While Sam likes to hold shares for the long term as he is saving money for his future retirement , Stephen likes to buy with any profits he makes.Sam says, “We do not argue because we have separate ISAs. It means finally we make our own decisions about which shares to invest in. The only time we might have a disagreement is when we both want to use the login for the news service at the same time.”1.What happened to Stephen in 2000?A.He had to retire from the agency.B.He gave away all his pensions.C.He got injured in an accident.D.He suffered a loss in his investment.2.What does the underlined words “flags up”in Paragraph 2 mean?A.Marks.B.Abandons.C.Takes over.D.Sets up.3.How did Stephen usually conduct his own research?A.By meeting clients and other investors.B.By predicting the trend of the market.C.By analyzing some research data.D.By doing ongoing interviews online.4.In what aspect do Sam and his father share in investment?A.The way to deal with the return.B.The percentage of the shares they hold.C.The enthusiasm for the investment.D.The approach to stock market research.答案以及解析1答案及解析：答案：1.A; 2.C; 3.D; 4.B解析：1.细节理解题。

高考英语阅读理解中猜测词意真题再体验1.If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comesa “soft-serve” crea my dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a childr en’s party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?A. A dessert.B. A drink.C. A container.D. A machine.解析：they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.孩子们喜欢把水果和冷冻的香蕉放到机器的顶部，看着冰激凌出来，因此此处a juicer是机器。

选择D2. Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.What do the words “more is more” in paragraph 1 probably mean?A. The more, the better.B. Enough is enough.C. More money, more worries.D. Earn more and spend more.答案A,根据第一段第一句Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects我们成年人都清楚堆满很多物品是什么感受，接着设问Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings? 表达了作者对more is more“越多越好”的态度。

词义猜测题专练(一)——词汇猜测类A[2019·湖北八校3月联考] The pumpkin (南瓜) theme is everywhere at Butler's Orchard in Germantown, Maryland. It has thousands of pumpkins, including a pumpkin patch where people can pick their own pumpkin. There are also other things to do, like riding a pony, rushing down a slide or walking around a corn maze with its confusing winding pathways. Some children discover the big orange fruits way more than they think. Visitors can pick their own in season fruits, vegetables and flowers. Butler's Orchard opened more than sixty years ago, as one of the first pick your own farms in the area.Ken Merriam brought his children. He says Butler's Orchard brings back good memories of growing up on a farm in Honduras. “It's a little bit of what I used to have as a kid, so that's why I think it's nice to bring them over here. Get them out of the city.” Shirley Butler's grandchildren who are in their 30s are now the third generation to run the farm. General manager Tyler Butler says children who usually only see pumpkins in grocery stores can learn how pumpkins are grown.“I didn't know pumpkins came from a vine. There are flowers on this vine. There are roots.”These little girls are learning about pumpkins during their first trip to a pumpkin patch to feel the nature and the fruits. For Tristan Piazza's mother, the Fall Festival is an annual event. “My parents have always brought me. I bring my kid now. I hope he stays in the area and he can bring his kids.”Since family funds are hard to keep_afloat these days, Tyler Butler appreciates the tens of thousands of visitors who come to the Fall Festival each year.体裁：记叙文题材：日常活动主题：自助果园巩固了家庭的关系【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了Butler自助果园的一些活动项目和它对于他人的家庭所起到的独一无二的作用。

【考点解读】在英语阅读中难免会遇到一些生词，如果遇到生词就去查字典，这样势必会影响阅读速度和阅读兴趣，不利于阅读理解能力的提高。

因此，根据阅读材料所提供的文字信息，结合应有的常识，正确推断生词的含义，是学生进行阅读理解必须具备的能力之一。

下面介绍几种猜测词义的技巧：1、利用构词法猜测词义掌握一定的构词法知识有利于的阅读。

这样，对于阅读中遇到的生词，我们就可以根据构词法知识来猜测其意义。

例如:Failure at this later stage is unthinkable. 我们可以将unthinkable这个词拆成un, think, able，其中think是词根，意为“想,认为”，un是前缀，表示否定意义，able是“能……的，可……的”，因此unthinkable的意思是“不可想象的”。

2、利用文中的定义猜测词义有时，文章对文中的生词采取下定义的方法来解释和阐明其词义，以帮助读者理解其含义，这种方法尤其见于科技文章中。

例如:A correspondent is a person with whom another person exchanges letters regularly.文中correspondent是生词，但根据其定义不难猜出其意为“通信者”。

3、利用同义词或近义词猜测词义有时在文章中会出现于生词同意或近义的词或结构，这是我们就可借助文章中熟悉的词语来猜测生词的含义。

例如:The old woman has a strange habit to keep over 100 cats in her house. Her neighbours all called her an eccentric lady.文中eccentric为生词，通过上下文可知strange为eccentric的同义词，由此我们可以猜出其意为“怪的，古怪的”。

4、利用反义词猜测词义对比是描述、说明事物的常用方式，有时文章中会出现某一生词的反义词，这时，我们就可借助这些词来猜测该生词的含义。

2019年高考英语阅读理解词义猜测训练(名师精选试题+解析答案，建议下载练习)词义猜测（一）A(2017年衡水中学高二大联考)Scientists in Britain have managed to teach bumblebees (大黄蜂) to pull strings to get to food and then pass on what they have learned to others in theircolony (群体)—showing a high level of intelligence despite their tiny brains.Researchers at Queen Mary University of London said the experiments, often used to test theintelligence of apes (猿) and birds, showed for the first time that some insects are up to the task,and can also pass skills on through several generations.the ability to The findings add to the evidence suggesting the ability for “culture spread”—learn and pass on knowledge and skills—may not be exclusive to humans.In the research, published in the journal PLOS Biology on Tuesday, the scientists were able totrain 23 out of a group of 40 bees to pull strings with their legs and feet.containing food at their center The strings were attached to discs—or artificial “flowers”—but placed under a transparent screen.The bees, spotting the food beneath the screen, learned topull the “flowers” out by pulling the string with their legs and feet to be able to get to it.From another group of bees given the chance to solve the task without any training, only twoof 110 were successful.Another group of bees was then allowed to observe the trained bees pulling the strings, and60 percent of them successfully learned the skill.Finally, trained bees were put in colonies, and thescientists found the technique spread successfully to a majority of the colony's worker bees.Lars Chittka, a Queen Mary University professor who guided the project, said the team isinterested in figuring out the brain processes behind the bees' learning and teaching skills.【语篇解读】本文介绍了大黄蜂经过训练可以习得某种技能，还会传播自己所学的技能。

根据上下文推断单词的含义——单词词义猜测题一、单词词义猜测题常见的设问方式1. What does the underlined word “...” in the ... paragraph mean / refer to?2. What does the word “...” in Paragraph ... refer to?3. The underlined word “...” in Paragraph ... is closest in meaning to _____.4. The underlined word “...” in Paragraph ... means / can be replaced by _____.5. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “...” in Paragraph ...?6. Which of the following best explains “...” underlined in Paragraph ...?二、单词词义猜测题解题技巧单词词义猜测题要求考生理解文章中单词的含义，故正确理解上下文是解题的关键。

除了通过语境进行推断以外，我们还可以采用以下方法：1. 通过定义或解释猜测词义。

用于下定义或解释的单词或短语有or, mean, in other words, be defined as, be described as, be seen as, refer to, that is, that is to say 等。

有些定义或解释是通过破折号、冒号、括号、同位语（从句）或定语从句来表示的。

2. 通过所举例子猜测词义。

用于举例的单词或短语有 like, including, such as, for example, for instance 等。

3. 通过对比关系猜测词义。

2019高考英语阅读理解词义猜测试题及答案及解释1、The Edinburgh International Film Festival, after 60 years as one of the city's cultural focuses in August, will move to June from next year. Artistic director Hannah McGill said the festival needed more breathing space.“There are huge advantages in having all these cultural events in one place and time,” she said. “But there is limited space. It’s like when a child has a birthday on Christmas Day —it all comes on top of each other.”Ms McGill said that the film festival wanted to use extra places to organize events and conferences which Edinburgh was too crowded to provide in August. She spoke of her difficulty, for example, being unable to hold an exhibition as part of the film festival because of limited space.However, Jon Morgan, the director of the Edinburgh Fringe Festival, deprecated the film festival s move which suggested the city was overburdened in August. “There are still hundreds of spaces that aren't used,and there is still room for it to expand,” he saidThe move to June made sense. It would allow more air between it and the London Film Festival, providing for more distinctive (有特色的)programming. “June will give us the breathing space to expand and create our own identity, allowing us to further develop our position as one of the world's most innovative(创新的) and challenging annual film events,” Ms McGill saidThe festival organisers thought that the move to June would not reduce audiences,saying film-lovers would visit Edinburgh in early summer. Ginnie Atkinson, the festival’s managing director, said, “Our audiences are very film-focused. Last year we asked in our market research if they would come if we were the only show in town and they said yes.”1.The passage intends to tell us that the Edinburgh International Film Festival ___________.A.needs improvingB.enjoys great successC.needs more breathing spaceD.will move to “quieter” June2.The underlined sentence in the second paragraph suggests that _______.A.having two important events in one place and time has many advantagesB.having two important events in one place and time will cause pressureC.wonderful things always go hand in handD.having a birthday on Christmas Day is a lucky thing3.The underlined word “deprecated” in Paragraph 4 pr obably means __________.A.disagreed toB.approved ofC.supportedD.held4.We can infer from the passage that ________.A.the move to June will affect the number of people who visit EdinburghB.the festival is one of the world s most innovative and challenging annual film eventsC.the festival has been one of Edinburgh's cultural focuses for 60 yearsD.it is generally believed that August is a busy month to the cultural circles in Edinburgh2、Stonehenge, the world-famous circle of stone columns may 12. have had a brother. A much bigger, older brother.University of Bradford researchers announced they had discovered about 100 stones covering several acres thought to have been built around 4,500 years ago. The Stonehenge Hidden Landscapes Project discovered the monument, which is near Durrington Walls, also known as “ superhenge”. Stonehenge, which is believed to have been completed 3,500 years ago, is about 2 miles away. "What we are starting to see is the largest surviving stone monument, preserved un derneath a bank, that has ever been discovered in Britain and possibly in Europe,” said Vince Gaffney.The evidence was found under 3 feet of earth. Some of the stones are thought to have stood 15 feet tall before they were toppled. "Our radar data have shown an amazing row of up to 90 standing stones, a number of which have survived after being pushed over, and a large bank placed over the stones," said professor Wolfgang Neubauer, director of the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Archaeological Prospection and Virtual Archaeology.“ In the east,up to 30 stones ... have survived below,” he said. “The extraordinary scale and details of the evidence produced by the Stonehenge Hidden Landscapes Project, which the new discoveries at Durrington Walls, is changing fundamentally(根本上) our understanding of Stonehenge and the world around it," Neubauer added."Everything written before about the Stonehenge landscape and the ancient monuments within it will need to be rewritten,” said Paul Garwood, a scientist and lead historian on the project at the University of Birmingham. The findings were announced on the first day of the British Science Festival being held at the University of Bradford.1.It is believed that the superhenge is _________ earlier than the Stonehenge.A.1,000 yearsB.2,500 yearsC.3,500 yearsD.4,500 years2.What do researchers think of the superhenge?A.It is the biggest monument discovered in the world.B.It was built much later than the Stonehenge.C.It is the largest surviving stone monument found in England.D.It is better protected than the Stonehenge.3.What do the underlined word “toppled” most probably mean?A.Set up.B.Pushed down.C.Moved away.D.Brought up.4.What is the best title of the passage?A.The southern England has many historic sitesB.The British Science Festival will be held againC.Bigger Brother to Stonehenge has been discoveredD.The Project at the University of Birmingham3、If you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—take advantage of Apple Day to see what’s around.It’s called Apple Day but in practice it’s more like Apple Month. The day itself is on October 21, but sinceit has caught on, events now spread out over most of October around Britain.Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples. To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. Although it doesn’t taste of anything special, it’s still worth a try, as is the knobbly(多疙瘩的) Cat’s Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else.There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you’ll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it’s a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.At the events, you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions, and because these are family affairs, children are well catered for with apple-themed fun and games.Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit, including stately gardens and commercial orchards(果园).If you want to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National FruitCollection at Brogdale, near Faversham in Kent.1.What can people do at the apple events?A.Attend experts’ lectures.B.Visit fruit-loving families.C.Plant fruit trees in an orchard.D.Taste many kinds of apples.2.What can we learn about Decio?A.It is a new variety.B.It has a strange look.C.It is rarely seen now.D.It has a special taste.3.What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragrap h 3 mean?A.A practical idea.B.A vain hope.C.A brilliant plan.D.A selfish desire.4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?A.To show how to grow apples.B.To introduce an apple festival.C.To help people select apples.D.To promote apple research.4、In the depths of the French Guianese rainforest, there still remain unusual groups of indigenous(土著的) people. Surprisingly, these people live largely by their own laws and their own social customs. And yet, people in this area are in fact French citizens because it has been a colony(殖民地) of the French Republic since 1946. In theory, they should live by the French law is often ignored or unknown, thus making them into an interesting area of “lawlessness” in the world.The lives of these people have finally been recorded thanks to the effects of a Frenchman form Paris called Gin. Gin spent five months in early 2015 exploring the most remote corners of this area, which sits on the edge of the Amazon rainforest, with half its population of only 250,000 living in its capital, Cayenne.“I have a special love for the French Guianese people. I have worked there on and off for almost ten years,” says Gin. “I’ve been able to keep firm friendships with them. Thus I have been allowed to gain access to theirliving environment. I don’t see it as a lawless land. But rather I see it as an area of freedom.”“I wanted to show the audience a photographic record touching upon the uncivilized life,” continues Gin. “I prefer to work in black and white, w hich allows me to show different specific worlds more clearly.”His black-and-white pictures present a world almost lost in time. These pictures show people seemingly pushed into a world that they were unprepared for. These local citizens now have to balance their traditionalself-supporting hunting lifestyle with the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic, which brings with it not only necessary state welfare, but also alcoholism, betrayal and even suicide.1.Why does the author feel surprised about the indigenous people in French Guiana?A.They seldom follow the French law.B.They often ignore the Guianese law.C.They are separated from the modern world.D.They are both Guianese and French citizens.2.Gin introduced the special world of the indigenous Guianese as _________.A.a tour guideB.a geographerC.a film directorD.a photographer3.What is Gin’s attitude towards the lives of the indigenous Guianese?A.Cautious.B.Doubtful.C.Uninterested.D.Appreciative.4.What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to?A.The modern French lifestyle.B.The self-supporting hunting.C.The uncivilized hunting.D.The French Republic.5、"Indeed," George Washington wrote in his diary in 1785, "some kind of fly, or bug, had begun to eat the leaves before I left home." But the father of America was not the father of bug. When Washington wrote that, Englishmen had been referring to insects as bugs for more than a century, and Americans had already created lightning-bug(萤火虫). But the English were soon to stop using the bugs in their language, leaving it to theAmericans to call a bug a bug in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.The American bug could also be a person, referring to someone who was crazy about a particular activity. Although fan became the usual term, sports fans used to be called racing bugs, baseball bugs, and the like.Or the bug could be a small machine or object, for example, a bug-shaped car. The bug could also be a burglar alarm, from which comes the expression to, bug, that is, "to install(安装) an alarm". Now it means a small piece of equipment that people use for listening secretly to others’ conversations. Since the 1840s, to bug has long meant "to cheat", and since the 1940s it has been annoying.We also know the bug as a flaw in a computer program or other design. That meaning dates back to the time of Thomas Edison. In 1878 he explained bugs as "little problems and difficulties" that required months of study and labor to overcome in developing a successful product. In 1889 it was recorded that Edison "had been up the two previous nights discovering 'a bug' in his invented record player."1.We learn from Paragraph 1 that .A.Americans had difficulty in learning to use the word bugB.George Washington was the first person to call an insect a bugC.the word bug was still popularly used in England in the nineteenth centuryD.both Englishmen and Americans used the word bug in the eighteenth century2.What does the word "flaw" in the last paragraph probably mean?A.ExplanationB.FindingC.OriginD.Fault3.The passage is mainly concerned with .A.the misunderstanding of the word bugB.the development of the word bugC.the public views of the word bugD.the special characteristics of the word bug6、Ask people in the UK what the words “Sunday roast” mean to them, and they’ll probably take you back to their grandmothers’ dining rooms –maybe with a few stories of “the greatest puddings” and “the best ever steak”. But now the traditional Sunday roast seems to have been left back in the old days. According to the Daily Mail, just one in 50 British families sits down to this weekly meal together.There are many reasons why the roast is becoming less popular. In the busy modern world, where breakfast is a slice of toast eaten on the way to work or school and lunch is a quick sandwich in front of the computer screen, people just don’t seem to have the time or patience to make a roast.And Sunday was once a day when people could easily go to the kitchen to cook. Nowadays, people are often out shopping or at the cinema until it’s far too late to start thinking about heating the oven(烤箱) up.However, a recent article from The Telegraph warned against being carried away by our tight schedules: “It would be a shame to let this fine old tradition disappear.”The Guardian further explained that the eating of the big meal is only the half of it .The Sunday roast also makes for relaxed morning activities in the kitchen, and the table becomes the perfect place to share good food and chat with family and friends. “For busy moms and dads, even if you can manage to turn off your mobile phone and the TV only once a week and turn the Sunday roast into a real family event, children can have fun cooking the food and clearing up together.”1.The best title for the passage is probably _____.A.Sunday—Best Time for FamilyB.Sunday Roast Dying OutC.It’s the Perfect Time for UsD.Let’s Sit Down Together2.Why do people pay less attention to Sunday roast?A.They have a busy lifestyle.B.They have no interest in cooking.C.They don’t think it worthwhile.D.They are living in the modern society.3.What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to?A.A recent article.B.A traditional kitchen.C.The fine old tradition.D.Sunday morning activity.4.How does the author feel towards Sunday roast’s dying out?A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Sorry.D.Uncertain.答案以及解析1答案及解析：答案：1.D; 2.B; 3.A; 4.D解析：1.主旨大意题。