高考英语阅读理解--词义猜测题解题技巧

考点15 阅读之词义猜测（原卷版）【命题趋势】词义猜测题型是高考中必考题型，每年考察1-2题。

所以词义猜测题型也是考生需要复习的考点。

词义猜测，即阅读中的完形填空。

可以通过前后句子中的关键词寻找相对应的词。

只要找到方法，拿下词义猜测轻而易举。

当然，着需要我们掌握足够的词汇量才能游刃有余！【重要考向】一、了解词义猜测题型的基本设题方式和基本提示词；二、掌握词义猜测解题技巧；考向一【2021年新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解C篇】When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl ( 水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.29. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?A. Acquire.B. Export.C. Destroy.D. Distribute.了解词义猜测题型的基本设题方式(1) 代词类猜词题The underlined word "them" in Paragraph 2 refers to_______.The underlined word “it" in Para. 4 refers to _______.(2) 其他类猜测题What does the word X (in Paragraph X) mean?What does the underlined word X mean?What can we learn from the underlined sentence?The underlined word X probably means _______.考向二【2021年全国乙卷阅读理解C篇】Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter （29%）rely only on their smartphones according to a survey （调查）. Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it’s not really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.25. What does the underlined word “concede” in paragraph 3 mean?A. Admit.B. Argue.C. Remember.D. Remark.1. 代词类猜词题做题方法第一步：优先看划线句第二步：前指向性第三步：代词单复数线索2. 其他类猜词题做题方法根据构词法：通过转化、合成、词根词缀等词根词缀常见前缀：前缀作用：通常前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性常见后缀：后缀作用：通常会改变单词的词性，构成意义相近的其他词性(3) 因果法—— 根据因果关系常见表示因果的词汇：because, for, as, since, for the reason that, considering that (4) 并列法—— 根据并列顺承关系常见的并列词：and, as well as, not only…but also…, together/along with, when/while (5) 转折法——根据转折关系常见表示转折的词汇：while, not, but, however, yet, otherwise, though, despite, in spite of , in contrast, instead of, rather than1.【2021年浙江卷1月阅读理解C篇】“The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate, or we are still missing a lot of the information contained in their gestures and actions,” she said. “Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animals convey with non-verbal communication. So, it seems the gulf remains.”29. What does the underlined word “gulf” in the last paragraph mean?A. Difference.B. Conflict.C. Balance.D. Connection.2.【2021年全国甲卷阅读理解C篇】Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing .I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don't worry about it. Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam（横杆）, I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting: “Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.9. What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! Safe!” probably mean?A. Be careful!B. Well done!C. No way!D. Don't worry!3.【2021年6月浙江卷阅读理解A篇】In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have begun coming up with plans to counter this trend. A couple of years ago, film-maker David Bond realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached to screens to the point where he was able to say "chocolate" into his three-year-old son's ear without getting a response. He realised that something needed to change, and, being a London media type, appointed himself"marketing director for Nature". He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the Wild Network a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature.26. Which of the following can replace the underlined word "charts" in paragraph 2A. recordsB. predictsC. delaysD. confirms4.【2021天津卷3月阅读理解B篇】The poignancy of Jordan retiring from his beloved basketball to play baseball and what had pushed him to make such a tough decision took me by surprise. As I watched him take off his basketball uniform and replace it with a baseball uniform, I saw him leaving behind the layer that no longer served him, just as our lizard had. Neither of them chose the moment that had transformed them. But they had to live with who they were after everything was different. Just like us. I realized that we have to learn to leave the past behind.43. The underlined part "leaving behind the layer" in Paragraph 8 can be understood as .A. letting go of the pastB. looking for a new jobC. getting rid of a bad habitD. giving up an opportunity5.【2020全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解B篇】While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifts, which might add to the meaning I attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author’s work is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But remember, it’s you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.26. What does the underlined word ＂currency＂in paragraph 4 refer to?A. Debt.B. Reward.C. Allowance.D. Face value.6. 【2020全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解C篇】Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there can’t handle this non-native species（物种）.It’s destroying the environment.It’s them or us." says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.The fur trade kept nutria check for decades，but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s，the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.30. What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean?A. Boomed.B. Became mature.C. Remained stable.D. Crashed.7. 【2020全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解D篇】As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and books were our main source(来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.33. What does the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Pleasure from working in the library.B. Joy of reading passed on in the family.C. Wonderment from acting out the stories.D. A closer bond developed with the readers.8. 【2020全国卷III阅读理解B篇】Yet "Apes" is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment or animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more than 2,000 productions this year. Already, a number of films, including "Water for Elephants," "The Hangover Part Ⅱ" and "Zookeeper," have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated properly.26. What does the underlined phrase "keeping tabs on" in paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Listing completely.B. Directing professionally.C. Promoting successfully.D. Watching carefully.9. 【2020全国新高考卷阅读理解C篇】His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.9. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to? （）A. Developing a serious mental disease.B. Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.C. Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.D. Writing an article about the Aral Sea.10. 【2020全国新高考卷阅读理解D篇】According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions（份）, it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.13. What does the underlined word "beanpoles" in paragraph 1 refer to? （）A. Big eaters.B. Overweight persons.C. Picky eaters.D. Tall thin persons.11.【2019全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解B篇】But he’s nervous.＂I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…＂Chris trips on the＂-ld,＂a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support.＂…Vo te for …me…＂Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.25. What does the underlined word ＂stumbles＂in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Improper pauses.B. Bad manners.C. Spelling mistakes.D. Silly jokes.12.【2019全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解B篇】I guess that there's probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids run ning the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on… At this point the unwilling parent speaks up, "Alright. Yes, I’ll do it."25. What does the underlined phrase "tug at the heartstrings" in paragraph 2 mean?A. Encourage team work.B. Appeal to feelings.C. Promote good deeds.D. Provide advice.13.【2019全国卷Ⅲ阅读理解B篇】"China is impossible to overlook," says Hill. "Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion —they are central to its movement. "Of course, only are today's top Western designers being influenced by China —some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese." Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galiano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs-and beating them hands down in design and sales," adds Hill.26.What do the underlined words "taking on" in paragraph 4 mean?A. learning fromB. looking down onC. working withD. competing against14.【2019天津卷阅读理解D篇】The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was Cervantes, and the book was Don Quixote（《堂吉诃德》）. And the story poses an interesting question: why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days, while others go to seed long before?We’ve all known people who run out of steam before they reach life’s halfway mark. I’m not talking about those who fail to get to the top. We can’t all get there. I’m talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.52. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. End one’s struggle for liberty.B. Waste one’s energy taking risks.C. Miss the opportunity to succeed.D. Lose the interest to continue learning.1.【广东省广州市2021届高三一模】Nearly two hundred years later, Leeuwenhoek's discovery of microbes helped French chemist and biologist Louis Pasteur to develop his “theory of disease”. This concept suggested that disease originates from tiny organisms attacking and weakening the body. Pasteur’s theory later helped doctors to fight infectious diseases including anthrax, diphtheria, polio, smallpox, tetanus, and typhoid. All these breakthroughs were the result of Leeuwenhoek's original work. Leeuwenhoek did not foresee this legacy.5．The underlined phrase “this legacy” in paragraph 3 refers to_______.A．the discovery of microbes.B．Pasteur's theory of disease.C．Leeuwenhoek's contribution.D．the origin of the tiny organism.2.【广东省深圳市2021届高三调研】By the time I arrived, the sailing club had grown. At weekends, we would work on her all day, cleaning and painting her, and collapse into sleeping bags on the floor at night. Then came the big day when a school sailing trip was announced. Its destination was Saint-Malo. But it also meant that we had to refit the ship by removing every piece of ballast(压舱物)and replacing the bilge water(底舱污水)before we were allowed to sail.And I did learn the ropes on that school trip. I learned how to operate a ship in the high waves. I learned the meaning of teamwork and became a better team player. I also learned that the best fish is the one that you have caught and cooked yourself from a boat that you have rebuilt and sailed yourself.7．What does the underlined phrase “learn the ropes” in paragraph 4 mean?A．Learn to cook.B．Master useful skills.C．Ensure sailing safety.D．Use ropes properly.3.【广东湛江一中2021届高三模拟】On achieving success:“When you make a choice and say, ‘Come hell or high water, I am going to be this,’ then you should not be surprised when you are that. It should not be something that is intoxicating or out of character because you have seen this moment for so long that ... when that moment comes, of course it is here because it has been here the whole time, because it has been [in your mind] the whole time.”On failure:“I don’t mean to sound cavalier when I say that, but never. It’s basketball. I’ve practiced and practiced and played so many times. There’s nothing truly to be afraid of, when you think about it ... Because I’ve failed before, and I woke up the next morning, and I’m OK. People say bad things about you in the paper on Monday, and then on Wednesday, you're the greatest thing since sliced bread. I’ve seen that cycle, so why would I be nervous about it happening?”5．The word “cavalier” in the 3rd paragraph probably means __________.A．not serious or caring B．anxious and eagerC．worried and pessimistic D．not proud or arrogant4.【河北省石家庄市2021届高三质检】“This must be a simply vast wardrobe!” thought Lucy, going still further in. Then she noticed that there was something crunching under her feet. “Is that more mothball?” she thought, stooping down to feel it with her hand. But instead of feeling the hard, smooth wood, she felt something soft and powdery and extremely cold. “This is very queer,” she said, and went on a step or two further.7．What does the underlined word “queer” mean?A．Terrifying.B．Empty.C．Strange.D．Impressive.5.【湖南师范大学附中2021届高三模拟】In two-and-a-half years, the pair still have to replenish their incomes with some writing and editing, but the business is growing and within five years they hope to be helping fund half a dozen research projects. It is a big task. “Some days we think it would be great to turn it off,” MacCallum says, “but when we see the wonder on the face of a person who is experiencing somewhere like the Galapagos for the first time, we know we are living a wonderful life.”7．The underlined word “replenish" in Paragraph 4 means _________.A．consume B．supply C．reduce D．control6.【重庆市第八中学2021届高三二诊】Professor Sabbatucci received hundreds of calls from people hoping to trick him into handing them the cash. But there was one voice he recognized and he arranged to meet the man in a park. The robber, a 35-year-old unemployed father of two, gave back the suitcase and burst into tears. He could not believe what was happening. “Why didn’t you keep the money?” he asked. The professor replied, “I couldn’t because it’s not mine.” Then he walked off, spurning the thief’s offer of a reward.27．The underlined word “spurning” in the last sentence can be replaced by ________.A．accepting B．claimingC．rejecting D．cancelling7.【河北省张家口市2021届高三期末】In 1985. C'harlie Burrell inherited （继承）a piece of land in West Sussex, England, which is 3.500 acres. It had been in his family for more than 200 years. As it was a failing farm, he and his wife. Isabella Tree, were all set to run a traditional farm, but soon realized the costs far outweighed the profits. The land wasn't suitable for growing crops anymore.So. in 2001, the couple decided to try something else — an experiment in “rewilding”，or restoring environments to their natural state. They reintroduced native species, including Tamworth pigs, Exmoor ponies, longhorn cattle, and deer. Then they took out all the fences and let the animals wander freely.In the following years, the land went through an incredible change. The once neat fields were covered with bushes, creating habitats where new plant and animal species could grow.Now it's home to many different creatures, including two rare species of bats, nightingales, peregrine falcons, white storks, and even turtle doves, whose numbers have dropped by 98 percent in the U. K. over the last few decades!“We were living in a biological desert. Now, ecologists are blown away all the time by just the amount of life here," Isabella said. "It shows the potential that this kind of project has for changing trends of biodiversity decline.What's more, the land is now profitable! Charlie and Isabella offer multiple services there, including walking tours, safaris, photography classes, and rewilding workshops. They also sell meat to control their large animal populations, and even allow visitors to spend a night outside in the tents they set up.What a promising outcome! This is amazing news for conservationists and shows that our planet can be returned to its natural glory, if only we let it. Now, it's a beautiful reminder of how ecosystems can be restored by letting Mother Nature take the control.8.【河北省张家口市第一中学2021届高三期中】The end of the school year was in sight and spirits were high. I was back teaching after an absence of 15 years, dealing with the various kinds of "forbidden fruit" that come out of book bags. Now was the spring of the water pistol.I decided to think up a method of dealing with forbidden fruit."Please bring that pistol to me," I said. "I'm going to put it in my Grandma's Box.""What's that?" they asked."It's a large wooden chest full of toys for my grandchildren," I replied,"You don't have grandchildren," someone said."I don't now." I replied. "But someday I will. When I do, my box will be full of wonderful things for them."My imaginary Grandma's Box worked like magic that spring, and later. Sometimes. students would ask me to describe all the things I had in it. Then I would try to remember the different possessions I supposedly had taken away—since I seldom actually kept them. Usually the offender would appear at the end of the day, and I would return the belonging.25．What do the underlined words "the offender" in paragraph 8 refer to?A．The student's parent.B．The maker of the Grandma's Box.C．The author's grandchild.D．The owner of the forbidden fruit.9.【2020届8月贵州省贵阳市普通高中高三摸底】As it turned out, it not only shocked the US actress, but also brought criticism from those who believed Fanning was too young compared to other veterans in the industry. But Fanning’s acting experience was in fact a good argument for her jury membership. In fact, Fanning has been a Hollywood fixture for longer than you realize.4. What does the underlined word “veterans” probably mean?A. shocked actressesB. green hands C experienced people D. music producers10.【湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学2021届高三期中】It’s been less than a month since Arnold, a Texas high school student, was forbidden from going to the prom and graduation unless he cut his locs. As his story spread on social media, celebrities and activists came to Arnold’s defence and encouraged him to stand up to his school’s hair discrimination. Now, in a significant turn of events, he’s proudly wearing his own hair-style at the 2020 Oscars.Arnold and his mother were invited to attend as the guests of director Matthew A．Cherry, who won the award for Best Animated Short Film for Hair Love tonight. Fittingly, the short film tells the story of a Black father learning to style his daughter’s natural hair.Arnold told us he couldn’t wait to walk the red carpet with the Hair Love team. “I’m so grateful. I never expected any of this,” Arnold says. “The message of that movie and my message go together so well. I think it’s really amazing how they reached out to me and how we can fight this together.”5．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A．Violence.B．Discrimination.C．Panic.D．Starvation.11.【湖南省郴州市2021届高三第二次质量检测】While studying, I began exploring Mexico, crossing the country several times by bus. Now I work as a photojournalist in Mexico and along the border, documenting desperate situations that face everyday Mexicans. Though necessary and important, news stories don’t reflect the Mexico that I fell for and that is home to so many people I love. A task focused on the country’s natural beauty was a welcome reprieve for me.9．What can best replace the underlined word “reprieve” in Paragraph 2?A．Memory.B．Idea.C．Victory.D．Relief.12.【湖南省湖南师大附中2021届高三月考三】Clark, a rising fifth-grader who is Filipino-American, told HuffPost he's been dreaming about breaking Phelps' record ever since he started swimming competitively at age 7."I was so motivated,"Clark said about his win."I was so happy that I was able to beat that record.”Phelps competed in his first Olympics at age 15. He went on to become the most decorated Olympian in history, with 28 medals overall. “Everyone in the crowd was excited when they realized what a special swim they had just seen when we announced the long-standing record had been broken,"Cindy Rowland,Pacific Swimming's director, wrote in an email.5．Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word“decorated”in Paragraph 4?A．Being popular.B．Being respected.C．Being talked about most.D．Being awarded medals.13.【辽宁省沈阳市郊联体2021届高三期末】The artists of Creative Growth will be on view throughout the month of August, coupled with musical performances and film screenings organized by L.A．Takedown. All proceeds from the month will benefit the artists and space. The money will be used to improve the condition of the studio and for the development of the artists. “L.A．doesn’t really have a place like Creative Growth,” Olson said, discussing his hopes for the show.14．What does the underlined word “proceeds” in the last paragraph mean?A．Activities.B．WorkC．Profits D．Arrangement14.【辽宁省沈阳市郊联体2021届高三期末】“I tested it at home and just couldn’t believe the result. I sprayed it in Sienna’ s room first and the floor was immediately silenced,” said Lanzarotti. “Eight months later, it was still silent. It felt like a huge relief. When Tracy saw the difference for the first time, her face just lit up. You can treat a couple of rooms in an hour.” he added. “It’ s a no-brainer for any parents with noisy floors, and it’ll be life-changing.”7．What do the underlined word “a no-brainer” in the last paragraph mean?A．A difficult decision.B．An unusual effort.C．A real headache.D．An easy job.15.【湖北省黄冈市2021届高三调研】I might be letting my young son watch too much television. I am certainly watching too many of his programs. They can really be perplexing as they force you to think carefully about the mysteries of life.For example, when Franklin (the turtle) wanted a pet, his parents didn’t want it to be a frog. They felt that frogs belong in a pond. Isn’t that where turtles belong?4．What does the underlined word “perplexing” in paragraph 1 probably mean?A．Boring.B．Humorous.C．Confusing.D．Curious.。

高中英语阅读理解技巧点拨:猜测单词或短语的含义学生在阅读过程中，应具备根据上下文猜测词义的能力。

每年高考英语试题中，猜测单词或短语的含义也是常有的题型，因此大家在平时的阅读理解练习中应尽量积累一些猜词技巧。

常见的猜词技巧主要有两大类：语境法和构词法。

下面我们结合高考真题对这两种解题技巧具体说明。

1. 语境法语境法指通过上下文语境来猜测词义，这是比较常用且有效的猜词方法。

常用的语境法有：①通过定义、解释或同位关系猜测词义。

用于下定义或解释的单词或短语有or, mean, in other words, be defined as, be described as, be seen as, refer to, that is to say 等。

有些定义或解释是通过破折号、冒号、括号、同位语（从句）或定语（从句）来表示的。

例1：（2020年高考英语全国III卷B篇，保留原题号，下同）...Yet “Apes” is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more than 2, 000 productions this year. ...26. What does the underlined phrase “keeping tabs on” in paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Listing completely.B. Directing professionally.C. Promoting successfully.D. Watching carefully.【分析】本文是新闻报道。

英语阅读理解中生词词义猜测技巧生词是影响阅读理解的重要因素，同时猜测生词词义也是高考英语阅读理解的一个重要考点;考查猜测生词词义的题，有时可占阅读理解总题量的四分之一;更重要的是，如果太多的生词词义不能理解或大致了解，则必将对文章的理解以及随后的做题构成严重影响。

因此要想做好阅读理解题，获得阅读理解高分，就必须掌握一些猜词方法，具备一定的推测词义的能力。

下面是几种行之有效的推测生词词义的方法：一、同义解释法有时文章中尽管出现有生词，但作者可能以某种方式对生词进行了解释，如利用or、that is (to say)、in other words、namely等释义性词语或短语进行解释，或利用破折号、同位语、同位语从句、定语从句等解释。

同学们若能充分利用这种同义解释的关系，便可轻易地猜测出生词的词义。

如：But sometimes，no rain falls for a long time.Then there is a dry period，or drought.句中的or告诉我们：drought与a dry period同义，即表示“干旱，旱灾”。

We are on the night shift - from midnight to 8 am — this week.两个破折号之间的短语清楚地表明night shift是“夜班”的意思。

另外，有时作者还可能用定义法这一更直白的解释方法来对生词进行解释，此法通常涉及的动词有be、mean、deal with、be considered、refer to、be called、be known as等。

二、因果推断法有时对生词词义的推测需要结合上下文的因果关系来进行推断，既可以是根据原因推测结果，也可以是根据结果推测原因。

英语中通常用于表示因果关系的词语有because、as、since、for、so、thus、as a result、of course、therefore、so （such）…that等。

高考英语阅读理解词义猜测方法高考英语阅读理解词义猜想方法语言是沟通工具，英语无疑是这个世界上最重要的沟通工具。

下面准备了高考英语阅读理解词义猜想方法，希望你喜欢。

推测生词或短语的意义阅读理解题中所设置的词义猜想类题多是对生词、短语、指示代词的猜想。

一方面，命题者要求考生所猜想的单词或短语可能是已学过的或是考生较熟悉的，但高考所考查的是不太常见的意思;另一方面命题者要求考生所猜想的单词或短语可能是考生没有学过的。

此时，对单词或短语的猜想不要停留在字面上,要根据语境来判断。

考生可以通过构词法知识分析生词词义,或通过上下文尤其是生词所在的`句子以及其前后两句话猜想词义。

还可以通过联想进行推测,即回想已知词汇中是否存在拼写与该生词类似的词。

常用的几种猜词方法如下：1.利用副词或连词的转折、因果等关系有些词虽然不能直接猜想出其意义，但在上下文中能找到一些与之具有对比关系的[JP3]词，通过了解这些词的意义，就可以推断出所考查词的意思。

考生通过这种对比关系，就很容易猜出生词的词义了。

还可以通过近义词或反义词提供的信息猜想生词的词义。

俗话说，有因必有果，有果必有因。

根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。

如because, since与as是连接原因状语从句的从属连词;so是连接表示结果状语从句的连词;so...that与such...that中的that是连接结果状语从句的连词。

当这些信息词出现在有生词的句子中，考生通过因果关系，依据已知部分就能猜出生词的词义。

2.构词法(此法亦是记忆单词之妙法)合成法。

合成词是由两个或两个以上的单词构成的。

遇到这类生词时可根据合成法来猜想词义。

英语的合成词有合成形容词、合成名词等。

合成形容词的构成方法如下：(1)形容词+现在分词，如good-looking好看的;(2)副词+现在分词,如hard-working辛勤的，工作努力的;(3)名词+现在分词，如peace-loving爱好和平的;(4)名词+过去分词,如state-owned国有的。

高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧得阅读者得天下。

要想在高考中得到高分，就必须提高阅读理解的得分率。

词义猜测题是高考阅读理解题中的必考题型，而且利用文章所提供的语境来猜测生词的含义是阅读的必备技能之一。

跟着店铺一起来看如何破解这类题吧!【高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧】词义猜测能力是一项重要的英语阅读技能，同时也是上海高考英语卷对考生阅读能力进行检测的一个重要方面。

综观近几年的上海高考英语阅读理解题，我们可以发现，词义猜测的命题形式大体有以下三个层面：1.猜测一个单词的语境意义，如(上海高考66题)：What does the word “epic” in paragraph 1 most probably mean?2.猜测一个词组的含义，如(上海高考66题)：According to paragraph 3, a person with “defective hearing” is probably one who...3.对具体语境下的特定句子的猜测，如(上海高考73题)：By saying “It could be your grandchildren’s stamp”, Mr Saunders means that forever stamps...【解题技巧】1. 利用同义词、近义词、反义词猜测词义在生词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与之同义、近义或反义的词语或语句，此时可以通过熟悉的词语以及它们之间的关系来推知生词在文段中的含义。

2. 利用定义或解释猜测词义有些阅读中的生词，尤其是新闻报道及科普类文章中的生词，往往在其后有对该词进行解释说明的短语或句子。

常见的提示词(语)有to be, to do, that is, stand for, namely, to refer to, to mean, inother words等，有时也以同位语(从句)、定语从句的形式出现，或用破折号、括号来引出。

高考英语阅读理解猜测词义题解题技巧在阅读中我们经常会遇到许多生词。

这时许多同学立即翻阅词典，查找词义。

这样做不但费时费力，而且影响阅读速度、影响对语篇的整体把握。

事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。

我们可以利用语境（各种已知信息）推测、判断某些生词的词义。

近年来全国统一高考中加大了对考生猜词义能力的考查，因此，掌握一定的猜词技巧，对突破高考阅读理解、提高我们的英语语言能力都有非常重要的意义。

这种题常见的提问方式有：the underlined word “__”in the passage means __.what does “___”in the third paragraph stand for？the word/phrase “____” most nearly means ____.the word/phrase “__” could best be replaced by __.the word/phrase “__” in line…， para …refers to__ which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase/word/sentence “____”？what’s the meaning of “____” in line …， para …？the author uses the word “____” to indicate____？做这种类型的题，要根据词、词组、句子所在的语境来判断其意义。

因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。

命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境想当然。

猜测词义时，要掌握以下三个做题要领和六种解题技巧：做题要领1）文中找线索或信息词；2）根据熟悉的词及词义判断新单词之意； 3）根据上下文判断新词汇在特定句中确切意思。

高考英语阅读理解解题指导：破解猜测词义题猜测词义是英语阅读理解的重要考点之一，近几年高考试题中都会有一个小题考查词义猜测。

词义猜测题可以针对单词、短语的意思进行命题考查，还可以针对某一句子的准确理解或代词的精确指代进行设题。

除了直接考查单词或短语词义猜测外，在阅读理解文章中，总会有一些单词或短语超出了新课标词汇表的范围，但又没有附加注释，而需要考生猜测，这也是对词义猜测的一种间接考查。

1.利用释义法解题在说明文尤其是科技类说明文中，作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语进行解释。

常见的有对该词下定义或后跟同位语、定语从句、冒号、破折号、括号等引出解释说明部分。

通过阅读定义或解释部分，读者便可理解该词或短语的意思。

【考例1】（2022年全国乙卷，C篇）29. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Personnel safety.B. Assistance from drones.C. inspection and repair.D. Construction of infrastructure.解析：原文：That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.“including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure”对“maintenance”进行了解释，故推测maintenance是“维护，保养”的意思，C项inspection and repair与句中的inspect and repair对应。

正确理解文中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的第一步，也是理解文章的基础。

但英语单词、短语的含义并非完全等同于词典中所标注的汉语意思，其含义随不同语境会有所不同。

我们能根据上下文理解灵活变化的词义，才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。

在高考阅读理解题中，词义猜测题通常有以下三种情况：①推测划线单词或短语的含义；②推测划线代词的指代含义；③推测划线句子的含义。

近三年全国高考细节理解题题量统计卷名年份新高考I卷全国卷I（乙卷）全国卷II（甲卷）全国卷III 202021112021111120221122技巧一：对于推测划线单词或短语的含义的题目，可以依据定义、同位语、文章中的例子、对比关系或比较关系、构词法、并列结构、因果关系等来解题。

【典题例析1】(苏州市2022学年第二学期学业质量阳光指标调研卷)For Amazon and Netflix，adding games to their platforms could attract more subscribers. Or at the very least dissuade existing ones from leav-ing.After a jump caused by pandemic in users，Netflix dropped430,000subscribers in the second quarter but regained some of these in the third flix has said in the past that in the“attention economy”，it com-petes against video games just as much as video stream-ing services.What does the underlined word“dissuade”in Para-graph3mean?A.Forbid.B.Discourage.C.Release.D.Protect.【解析】答案B。

高考英语阅读理解猜测词义类的解题技巧高考英语阅读理解中的猜测词义类题可以分为两种类型，一种是推测某个生词的具体含义，是生词含义题；另一种是推测某个代词或词组在文中的指代意义，是代词指称题。

这两种情况在解题方法上还是有一定的相似性和规律性的。

下面是我们遇到猜测词义题时一般的解题步骤。

对于考察某个单词或短语或句子实际含义的题，首先要着眼单词或短语本身，分析单词或短语的构成，分析其构词法，词根词缀，派生关系等信息，推测它的大概含义。

对于猜测句子的含义，有时可以直接分析句子结构推测它的意义。

有些单词我们虽然不认识它的具体含义，但是他们往往含有一些表示具体意义的词缀，特别是前缀能够帮助我们猜测这个词的一部分含义，而后缀通常能够帮助我们理解词的派生关系。

高考英语中常见的前缀总结如下：根据构词法阅读中常会遇到一些由所熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词，可利用构词法知识来推测其意思。

《教学大纲》已经明确地将构词法列在语法附表中，因此利用所学构词法生成的词不应被认定为生词。

1. Exhibition officials said that a person bitten by one of these snakes would need at least 80ml of an anti-poison medicine to be saved.分析：anti-poison是由poison加前缀anti-构成的，anti-意思是“反对、排斥、抵抗”，由此可猜出anti-poison是“解毒、抗毒”的意思。

2. Although simplified Chinese characters were accepted for use many years ago, it seems thatmore and more people like Chinese characters in the complex form.分析：simplified跟simple是同根词，带有-ed显然是过去分词形式的形容词。

高考英语词义猜测题解题技巧与练习做阅读理解，最怕遇到生词，不仅影响文章的理解，也会拖慢阅读速度，而在阅读理解当中，生词又是不可防止的，如何解决呢？Part1：知识点讲解类属法即通过类属来推测词义。

如：Bananas,oranges,pineapples,coconutsandsomeotherkindsoffruitgrowinwarmareas.说明：从句意我们知道pineapples和coconuts与bananas,oranges是同类事物，同属水果(准确地说是“菠萝〞和“椰子〞)。

推理法即根据文章的前后语境推出生词的词义。

如：Thatmuseumissoimmensethatitwillbeimpossibletoseealltheexhibitsinoneday.说明：既然一天之内看不完所有的展品，那么immense的意思应该是“很大〞了。

Everyoneagreedthatthewomaninthephotowasgorgeous.Itwaseasytoseewhyshehadwonthebeautycontest.说明：既然“她在选美比赛中获胜〞，说明她“很美丽〞(gorgeous)。

列举法即通过对文章所列举的事物来猜测生词的词义。

如：Childrenlikesuchcreaturesasdogsandmonkeys.说明：像dogs和monkeys之类的“creatures，〞显然creatures的意思应是“动物〞。

Inyoursparetime,youmaylookthroughanyoftheseperiodicals:TimeMagazine,NewsWeek,orTheNewWorker.说明：periodical是生词，但根据其后所列举的例子，我们可以推测出它的意思可能是“期刊〞或“杂志〞。

■构词法即根据前缀、后缀、复合、派生等构词知识判断生词的词义。

如：Overworkmaycausediseases.说明：前缀over-的意思是“过分的，过量的〞，故overwork的意思应为“工作过度〞。

易错点16 阅读理解词义猜测题目录01 易错陷阱（3大陷阱）02 举一反三【易错点提醒一】词义/词组指代易混易错点【易错点提醒二】代词指代猜测易混易错点【易错点提醒三】句意猜测易混易错点03 易错题通关养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

易错陷阱1：词义/词组指代易混易错点。

【分析】这类题错误主要因为基础词汇量积累和词根词缀积累不足，根据构词法猜词是阅读理解必不可少的能力。

平时应当大量积累单词，同时利用前后的同位关系或后面的词义或句意进行猜测。

易错陷阱2：代词指代猜测易混易错点。

【分析】阅读材料中的每个词与它前面的词语或句子甚至段落都有着密切的关联。

有时代词与指代的对象相隔较远，应当对前面提到的内容进行总结，认真查找，才能得出代词所指代的事。

易错陷阱3：句意猜测易混易错点。

【分析】此类题型应当定位画线句子，充分利用语法和逻辑关系分析原句。

同时分析理解画线句前后的语境，合理归纳总结找出与原句意思相同的选项并代入画线处验证。

切不可因为句中出现熟词，而脱离语境，望文生义。

【易错点提醒一】词义/词组指代易混易错点【例1】（湖南省常德市临澧一中2023-2024学年高三阶段试题）She programmed an IBM 7030 Stretch computer, providing faster calculations for an accurate Earthmodel. This detailed mathematical model of the shape of the Earth was a building block for what would become the GPS orbit.What does the underlined phrase “a building block” in paragraph 5 mean?A．A basic part.B．A detailed map.C．A building material.D．A major obstacle.【答案】A【解析】词句猜测题。

高考英语词义猜测题解题技巧一、代词指代题1.解题步骤2.解题指导向上搜索时，先从上文最近点开始找，找不到再找次近的，一般答案不会离得太远，答案一定是代指上文最近的某个名词或短语。

[示例1]Jo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series (系列) of lifestyle books.Here she picks her top reads.MatildaRoald DahlI once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl’s writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful worlds.Matilda’s battles with her cruel parents and the bossy headmistress, Miss Trunchbull, are equally funny an d frightening, but they’re also aspirational.21.Who does “I” refer to in the text?A.Stephen King.B.Gillian Flynn.C.Jo Usmar.D.Roald Dahl.分析：Step 1返回原文→找出出题的指代词I。

Step 2向上搜索→找最近的句子(Here she picks her top reads.)，其中she指代Jo Usmar。

Step 3 带入原文→将找到的句子的意思代入替换代词I。

Step 4确定答案→选C。

二、词汇猜测题词汇猜测题不是考查考生的词汇量，而是要求考生根据上下文中的已知信息对单词或词组的具体语义进行合理推测。

高考英语阅读理解猜词十法，英语议论文写作技巧高考英语阅读理解猜词十法1.构词法猜词阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词。

掌握构词法对猜测词义很有帮助。

如：unforeseeable.这个词，可以根据构词法把它拆成un, fore, see , able;其中 see 是词根，fore是“先，前，预”的含义，un是否定，able是“能……的，可……的”，因此unforeseeable是“未能预见到的”意思。

2.利用同义近义词猜词在生词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。

统称在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，这些词语或短语在句中作相同的成分，并且and或or连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，甚至推出它的大致词义。

3.利用反义词猜词对比是描述，说明事物的常用方式。

在对比中，对比的事物是互为相反的，因此根据反义或对比关系可从已知推出未知。

利用反义词来说明生词的意义，如反义词hot and cold, perfect and imperfect，甚至前、后句为肯定与否定或是与不是等，在句内词与词之间，在段内句与句之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用。

4.利用上下文语境猜词任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章有关。

利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，这也是近年来高考考查的热点。

特别提醒：在做英语阅读理解题时，一定要注意熟词生义!这类猜词题也常见于各年高考题当中。

熟词生义比生词本身的障碍要大得多。

原因有三：其一，高考对生词的数量有数量的规定，不得超过3%;其二，熟词生义很容易引起考生的误解;其三，熟词生义的数量没有限制。

如果这种现象在一篇文章中出现得多，那就更难理解了。

5.利用定义和解释猜词有些文章，特别是科技文章，通常会对一些关键词给予定义，我们可以利用定义来猜测这些词的意思。

高考英语专题阅读理解之词义猜测题解题技法学生版阅读理解之词义猜测题解题技法一．设问方式By saying that “...” in the first (second ...) paragraph, the author means that ________.In Paragraph ..., “...” can be replaced by“______”．The meaning of “...” in Paragraph ... is related to ________.Which of the following has the closest meaning to ... (Paragraph ...)？As is used in Line ..., the word “...” refers to ________.The underlined sentence in the ... paragraph probably means that ________.二．词义猜测题7大猜词技巧要做好词义猜测题，考生除了必须熟练掌握《考试大纲》规定的词汇外，在平时的训练中还要注意积累生词和短语，掌握构词法的基本知识，对于各种前、后缀的变化形式了然于心，还要学会根据上下文语境进行合理推测，掌握一定的解题技巧。

1.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释。

标点符号，如逗号后的解释(名词同位语)、破折号后的解释、括号内的解释等。

这都是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。

例如：①Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.句子给予了annealing一个明确的定义，即“退火”。

②It will be very hard but also very brittle — that is, it will break easily.从that is(也就是说)后的解释中我们可以了解到，brittle是“脆的”意思。

高考英语阅读理解中的词义猜测方法〔关键词〕英语；阅读；词义；猜测1. 根据文中的解释或定义猜测生词的含义以生词的解释或定义为线索猜测词义是进行快速阅读最常见的一种办法。

如果在文章中出现比较生僻的词时，文中又能找出类似to be defined as，to be called，that is to say，to mean，to refer to，to be known as等对生词作出解释的语境线索，就可以领悟出该词的意思。

如：Pantomime refersto ashort play in which no words arespoken．此例中refers to 具有解释功能，再加上in which引导的定语从句提供的信息，pantomime的意思就很清楚了，意为“哑剧”。

2. 根据生活常识或经验猜测生词的含义在阅读的过程中如碰到生词，学生可以根据自身的经验或常识将其猜测出来。

如：Most of the flowers are beginning to wither because of the cold and dry weather．此句中wither为生词，但根据生活常识，由“由于寒冷和干燥的天气”可推测出多数花儿开始“凋谢、枯萎”。

3. 根据同义词或近义词猜测生词的含义通常情况下作者为了更清楚地表达自己的意思，往往用一个同义词或近义词解释另一个比较难的词，这些同义或近义词为学生推断词义提供了明显的线索。

or，like，as…as，the same as，similarly等都可作为引出同义词的标志性词语。

如：Mr Smith loves to talk，and his wife is similarly loquacious．很显然由similarly这个语境线索，可推测出loquacious意为love to talk．4. 根据反义词或转折关系来猜测生词的含义有时作者会用一些反义词来揭示事物的不同点，这些反义词无疑为学生猜测词义提供了非常好的线索。