应用文体翻译

关于“请小心衣服弄脏你的口红”的翻译2090214132王俊1.图片说明●图片来源:李宁专卖店更衣室●图片：●文字功能:我们可以看到此图片中的中文标语是“请小心衣服弄花您的口红”,对应英文翻译是”Please the careful clothes mishandle flowers you the lipstick ！”.此条标语是李宁专卖店内用来提醒顾客试衣服的时候不要把口红沾到衣服上，以免将其弄脏。

这条标语属于提示性公共语。

2.分析●分析该图片标语: 从整个译本来看，这条标语完全是按照字面直译过来，首先语法是完全错误。

请小心衣服弄脏您的口红，这句话是一个祈使句，并且用于提示作用，译文中careful 是形容词，前应跟be动词，在此句中前是定冠词the ,若是按照此版本来译，首先缺乏系动词。

在选择单词上也有不适，例如“mishandle”的本意是“粗暴的对待，虐待，胡乱的处置”，,显然这里对应的是弄，花的对应翻译就是flower,而根据原中文版本，句中弄花一起应是作为谓语动词的,表示把整洁好的东西弄脏，而对应的翻译mishandle flower 不仅词性不对，意义更是让人一头雾水。

●分析同等或类似功能的英语：还看到另外一个翻译版本是“Carefully try to avoidlipstick touch on clothes” .先从后半分看起，此标语是为了提醒试衣服的顾客不要把口红印到衣服上，而对应的英文翻译是“avoid lipstick touch on clothes ”，很显然，在基本意思，信息对等上是符合的。

但是在此翻译中的“touch”一词使用是很有问题的，不难看出“touch”应是用来对应“印”的翻译，且在此句中是作为名词使用的，可“touch”作为名词是有触摸之意，是不能作为合适的对等翻译。

3.建议●这条标语的目的，属于公众性提示语，表面上看是说不要让口红弄脏你的衣服，其言下之意是怕你的口红弄脏了人家的衣服，但是这话反过来一说，反倒让试衣服的人不好意思。

应用文体翻译·一、应用文体翻译的特点。

应用文体最基本的特点是“用”，另外应用文体往往对象明确，时间性强、讲求实效、格式固定、语言得体、文字简约。

从临时的函电通告到各色的海报启示，都属于应用文体的范围，而常见的应用文体有书信（包括e-mail）、评论的翻译、出国留学信函、公告、通知、规章、法令、广告、启事、契约、合同、公函、私信等。

因为它们固定的格式和明确的交际目的，对于应用文体的翻译不能像翻译小说、散文等纯文学语言形式那样去传达某种思想感情，它是以传递信息为主，且实用性、规范性极强，即要“务实”。

这是由它们形式的格式化要求的。

这个格式是人们在长期使用中习以为常、约定俗成、自然而然形成的。

二、应用文体翻译的就业方向和前景。

想获得高薪或好的笔译工作，需要积累一定的客户资源和需要一定的笔译经验，不过笔译确实是非常的累。

但应用文体翻译实用性较强，只要是经过专业训练、既有专业又懂外语的“复合型”和“高端”人才会更受用人单位青睐。

毕业生一般去向是翻译公司或就职于外贸部门、培训机构、报社编辑、大型企业、跨国企业、高校的翻译教学工作的机构。

三、应用文体翻译者的素质要求。

1）应用文体翻译应该保证读者得到准确的信息，达到预期的交际效果。

广告的功能是唤起读者的兴趣，它的翻译须以读者为中心，迎合译语读者的文化取向，采用对他们有感召力的语言。

因此，广告翻译中出现大段增删、改写也是不足为奇的。

法律文献和商业文件的翻译都需要一定的跨学科知识，即双语知识加有关行业的知识。

这在翻译操作这一层面上反映了翻译的跨学科性质。

2）注重团队精神，并做到诚信（不可以向外人透露公司或个人的一些材料）；3）用人单位对译员的对于各种办公软件操作熟练程度会有要求，因此这也是一门必修课以及1-2年（或更多）的工作经验，笔译证书对于一些公司也是必不可少的；4）扎实的英汉双语语言功底，跨文化交际意识。

掌握一些各学科知识，这样才能顺利应付诸如像商务信函的翻译过程中出现的各种形式的术语词汇及习惯表达的含义和固定译法等。

Course Name：Applied Translation 应用文体翻译2012级本科英语专业2013-2014学年上学期Content: Practical translation drills翻译方法实训（第二周）Goal: to employ translation skills covered in the previous week flexibly in translation practice. Emphasis: not to be confined to specific translation skills, but rather different versions are encouraged with special attention to the boldface in the following sentences.Assignment & Summary: First render the following into Chinese and do back-translation and finish translation diary after class.(1) Each of these U.S. companies is attempting to offer convenient services to customers by centering on their strong business lines._______________________________________________________________________________ (2) An increasing number of Japanese discount stores and other retailers import and sell low-priced Japanese music CDs pressed abroad._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ (3) Long-term interest rates have soared almost fourfold in the past three months after the rates hit a record low in mid-June._______________________________________________________________________________ (4) The primary task facing WTO members at the latest meeting was to pave the way for a broad agreement on issues discussed at the trade round launched in 2001._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ (5) The decline in exports, which have been a driving force of the nation’s economic growth, is a major concern._______________________________________________________________________________ (6) International trade occurs when a country does not have enough of a particular item to meet its needs._______________________________________________________________________________ (7) Problems arising from the declining birthrate and graying of the population were recognized nearly half a century ago._______________________________________________________________________________ (8) Huge investment costs, such as those for developing environment-friendly technology, have made it difficult for an automaker to survive competition on its own._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ (9)This consideration decided our invitation to the mayor for the first China National Stone Products Fair._______________________________________________________________________________ (10) Assuming the laboratory tests go well, and you can quote us a competitive price, we’dcertainly be able to place more substantial orders on a regular basis._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ (11) The change in plan resulted from a misjudgment on the part of the firm’s top management on what the company’s employees and business partners wanted._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ (12) The success or failure of terrestrial digital broadcasting hinges on the prices of television sets and the development of new services._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ (13) A commonplace criticism of American culture is its excessive preoccupation with material goods and corresponding neglect of the human spirit._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ (14) International countertrade is a practice whereby a supplier commits contractually—as a condition of sale—to reciprocate and undertake certain specified commercial initiatives that compensate and benefit the buyer._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ (15) A foreign business representative, neither overly sympathetic toward China nor overly disposed against it, would need to be convinced on a number of scores before he could responsibly commit his firm to taking an equity position in a Chinese enterprise._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ (16) Yet it is painfully apparent that millions of Americans who would never think of themselves as law-breakers, let alone criminals, are taking increasing liberties with the legal codes that are designed to protect and nourish their society._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Translation Diary:Translation skills you consider the most useful and state the reasons_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Difficult points you find in the above drills_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Contrast the original version with the one the lecturer has explained and find out the differences ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Please find time to do back-translation and try to commit useful English expressions to memory and write down the difficulties you encounter in the process._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________。

What Is a SketchThe mechanic must not only know how to read the language of the industrial world but must also know how to write it. He must be able to give his own ideas and describe an object to someone else. It is often necessary to make just a part for a machine. However, there is no time to make a drawing of it with instruments, no time either for a draughtsman to make a drawing. Sometimes only one piece of a machine part is to be made and, therefore, it would be inconvenient to have the draughtsman make a mechanical drawing.Sketches are important because they show ideas and dimensions of a machine part. The cleverest idea, however, may result in a great mistake if the sketch is poorly done. We must learn to make clean sketches to be easily read by others as well as by ourselves.Machine ElementsA machine consists of a number of machine elements. The most useful machine element in power transmission is the gear. The gear is virtually a wheel with a number of teeth. Gears must work in pairs. A pair of gears with different number of teeth will increase or decrease the speed of rotationPulleys and belts are very common in power transmission. They can also change speeds on machine tools. Gears or pulleys rotate on shafts. Theshaft must rest in bearings. Sometimes there may be couplings between shafts. We may use clutches to start or stop shaft motion.Some machine elements may be very large. Others may be very small. However, each of them plays a part in the construction of a machine.Cutting ToolsThe metal cutting tool separates chips from the workpiece in order to cut the part to the desired shape and size. There is a great variety of metal cutting tools. Each of them is designed to perform a particular job or a group of metal cutting operations in an efficient manner. For example, a twist drill is designed to drill a hole which has a particular size, while a turning tool may be used to turn a variety of cylindrical shapes.There are three basic types of metal cutting tools: single-point tools, multiple-point tools, and abrasives. A single-point metal cutting tool has a single cutting edge and is used for turning, boring, shaping, and planning. The most common machine tool that employs the single-point cutting tool is the engine lathe. Multiple-point tools have two or more cutting edges such as drills, reamers, and milling cutters. The cutting edge is that part of the tool where cutting is actually done. Grinding wheels are an example of abrasive cutting tools. Each grinding wheel hasa lot of abrasive grains which act as very small cutting tools.Limits and TolerancesMachine parts are manufactured so they areinterchangeable. In other words, each part of a machineor mechanism is made to a certain size and shape so itwill fit into any other machine or mechanism of the same type. To make the part interchangeable, each individual part must be made to a size that will fit the mating part inthe correct way. It is not only impossible, but alsoimpractical to make many parts to an exact size. This isbecause machines are not perfect, and the tools becomeworn. A slight variation from the exact size is alwaysallowed. The amount of this variation depends on the kindof part being manufactured. For example, a part might bemade 6 inches long with a variation allowed of 0.003( three thousandths ) inches above and below this size.Therefore the part could be 5.997 to 6.003 inches and stillbe the correct size. These are known as the limits. Thedifference between upper and lower limits is called the tolerance.When the tolerance is in both directions from the basic size, it is known as a bilateral tolerance ( plus and minus ). Sometimes the limit is allowed in only one direction. This is known as unilateral tolerance. For example, a hole may have to be 2 inches minus 0.000 inches, or plus 0.005 inches. This means that the hole must not be smaller than 2 inches, but can be as large as 2.005 inches.Surface FinishWithin recent years a great deal of attention has been given to the invesigation of the surface texture produced by various machining and finish operations, and, although we have not yet reached the stage when surface finish requirements can be specified and produced just as it is possible for a given dimension, information is being built up which may in the end bring this about.If a machine surface is reproduced to a large enough magnification it will be found to have a wevy profile, the character and shape of the waves varying for different machining methods. Equipment is now available which will produce an enlarged contour of a surface by traversing a needle-like probe over it, the instrument at the same time plotting on a chart a greatly magnified reproduction of the up-and-down movement of the probe with its longitudinal traverse.。