What is an Information System

system information翻译
System Information翻译是指系统信息，它代表一个由系统设备、软件和服务组成的整体，系统信息可以用来描述系统的特性、配置、性能和其他重要信息。

System Information翻译是将系统信息从一种语言翻译成另一种语言，以便更好地理解系统信息。

这种翻译可以帮助用户了解不同系统的特性和配置，也可以帮助技术人员了解不同系统的工作方式和运行情况。

系统信息翻译广泛应用于系统架构，用户界面，配置文件，日志，协议，安全，性能，调试等多个方面，可以帮助用户更好地理解系统信息。

System Information翻译主要包括三个方面：一是系统结构的翻译，即将系统的结构（如系统组件，设备，连接器，总线，接口等）从一种语言翻译成另一种语言；二是用户界面的翻译，即将用户界面的文字，图标，按钮，菜单等从一种语言翻译成另一种语言；三是配置文件的翻译，即将配置文件中的参数，变量，函数，脚本等从一种语言翻译成另一种语言。

系统信息翻译不仅可以帮助用户更好地理解系统信息，而且还可以提高系统的安全性和可靠性，减少系统的
攻击和故障。

此外，正确的系统信息翻译也可以帮助技术人员更好地理解系统信息，从而更有效地解决问题。

因此，System Information翻译是一项重要的任务，可以帮助用户更好地理解系统信息，提高系统的安全性和可靠性，从而解决系统中出现的问题。

标准实用Multiple 11. The keyboard, mouse, monitor, and system unit are:2. Programs that coordinate computer resources, provide an interface, and run applications are known as:3. A browser is an example of a:4. Although not as powerful as a supercomputer, this type of computer is capable of great processing speeds and data storage.5. The smallest type of microcomputer:netbook handheld midrange tablet PC6. RAM is a type of:computer memory network secondary storage7. Unlike memory, this type of storage holds data and programs even aftermainframe midrangenetbookcentermedia specialized programutility programbasic application system application operating systemsutility programsapplication programs storage systems hardware software devices devicesstorage outputelectrical power to the computer system has been turned off.8. The type of file created by word processors to save, for example, memos, term papers, and letters.9. The change in connectivity that uses the Internet and the Web to shift many computer activities from a user ’s computer to computers on the Internet.definitioncomputingnetworkcloud high USB presentationworksheetdocumentdatabase secondary primary RAMROM标准实用10. The largest network in the world is [the]:Multiple 21. The network that connects computers all over the world.2. The rules for exchanging data between computers.3. Client-based e-mail accounts require this special program to be installed on your computer.4. Communities of individuals who share a common interest typically create Facebook:5. E-mail that does not require an e-mail program installed on a user's computer is known as:6. A very well-known microblog.Webmailu t il it y podcastblog profiles clients groups pageshyperlinku t il it y client e-mail JavaprotocolsWWW Web DSL Internet CERN Web LAN Facbeook InternetUSBWeb7. These programs continually look for new information and update search services ’ database programs.8. A type of search engine that submits requests to other search engines, organizes their responses, eliminates duplicate responses, orders hits, and then provides an edited list.ISPspecialized search enginedirectory search metasearch enginespidersf ilt e r s wikis IMWikipedia LinkedIn TwitterMySpace标准实用9. This is the Internet ’s equivalent to traditional cash.10. Using file transfer utility software, you can copy files to your computer from specially configured servers on the Internet. This is called:Multiple 31. This type of software works with end users, application software, and computer hardware to handle the majority of technical details.2. A rectangular area that can contain a document, program, or message.3. Programs that create text-based documents.DBMS suites spreadsheets word processors4. Programs that organize, analyze, and graph numeric data such as budgets and financial reports.DBMS suites spreadsheets word processors5. In a spreadsheet, the intersection of a row and column creates a:window dialog frame form box application general u t il it y purposesystem downloading filteringuploading bloggingdigital cash e-commerce icash Internetdollars6. A collection of related data that is the electronic equivalent of a file cabinet.7. A database tool that will quickly rearrange a ’s records according to tablespreadsheetprocessor f i l t e rword sortdatabasedocumenttable cell functionformulalabel cell a selected field.标准实用8. Programs that combine a variety of visual objects to create attractive, visually interesting presentations.9. The primary disadvantage of this type of package is that the capabilities of each function are not as extensive as in individual programs.10. A type of suite stored at a server on the Internet and available anywhere through Internet access.Multiple 41. These specialized graphics programs combine text and graphics to create publications of professional quality.2. Also known as drawing programs.3. Graphics programs used to create and edit vector images.desktop publishing programs imagegalleries image editorsillustration programsdesktop publishing programs image galleries image editorsillustration programsdesktop publishing programs image galleries image editorsillustration programsintegratedu t ility officecloud integrated softwareu t il it y officepresentation spreadsheetprocessor graphicsword DBMS ACTION4. An essential multimedia feature that allows user participation.5. Special programs used to create multimedia presentations.6. A widely used interactive animation application from Adobe.WYSIWYG FlashFuzzydesktop publishing programs image editors Flash editorsmultimedia authoring programsinteractivityimmersionraster Flash标准实用7. Programs for Web site design and HTML coding are called Web page editors or8. This area of artificial intelligence is also known as expert systems.9. A type of artificial intelligence that uses a database to provide assistance to users.10. Another name for the database used in expert systems that contains specific facts and rules.Multiple 51. What type of software works with users, application software, and computer hardware to handle the majority of technical details?2. The programs that convert programming instructions written by programmers into a language that computers understand and process are language:translators converters linguistsmanagersdapplication desktopsystem Linuxaccess table expert table knowledge base rulebase acoustics expert systems robotics virtualreality acoustics knowledge-based systems robotics virtualreality programseditorseditors HTML apps Web VR3. The ability to switch between different applications stored in memory is called:4. Graphic representations for a program, type of file, or function:softwarediversion programming multitaskinginterferenceoperational imageiconapp标准实用5. This operating system feature is controlled by a mouse and changes shape depending on its current function.6. The operating system based on Linux, designed for Netbook computers, and focused on Internet connectivity through cloud computing:7. The mobile operating system developed by Apple and originally called iPhone OS:Android BlackBerry OS IOS Mac OS8. A utility program that makes copies of files to be used in case the originals are lost or damaged:Backup and Restore Disk Cleanup Disk Defragmenter Compactor9. A troubleshooting utility that identifies and eliminates nonessential files, frees up valuable disk space, and improves system performance:Backup and Restore Disk Cleanup Disk Defragmenter Compactor10. Windows makes it easy to update drivers with Windows:Backup Restore Driver UpdateMultiple 61. This container houses most of the electrical components for a computer system.Windows ChromeUnix Mac pointer dialog mouse menu box2. Similar to notebooks, this system unit specializes in on-the-go Web browsing and e-mail access.chassis desktop media center netbook3. Computers can only recognize this type of electronic signal.analog bus digital maximum4. The main or motherboard is also known as the: carrier packagesystem system tuner board unit TV标准实用5. How many bytes can a 32-bit-word computer access at one time?6. In a microcomputer system, the central processing unit is contained on a single:RAM7. This type of memory divides large programs into parts and stores the parts on a secondary storage device.8. Also known as NIC, this adapter card is used to connect a computer to a:9. This provides a pathway to connect parts of the CPU to each other.bus Plug and Play wired wireless10. Older ports that have largely been replaced by faster, more flexible ports are called:buses expandable legacy renderedMultiple 7expansion graphics network AIArandom-access expanded virtual direct16 4 8 1processor computermobile system system board board module chip bus1. Most keyboards use an arrangement of keys known as:2. The device that controls a pointer displayed on the monitor.3. Also known as a roller ball, this device controls the pointer by rotating a ball with your thumb. trackball cordless joystick stylus mouse printer scanner mouse cordOptiKey QWERTY AlphaDaisy标准实用4. The type of screen that can be touched with more than one finger and supports zooming in and out by pinching and stretching your fingers.5. Flatbed and document are types of:6. Device used by banks to automatically read those unusual numbers on the bottom of checks and deposit slips.7. The most widely used audio- input device.8. The monitor feature that specifies how often a displayed image is updated.9. Handheld, book-sized devices that display text and graphics.10. This technology allows television stations to broadcast their programming directly to smartphones, computers, and digital media players.Mobile HDTV DTV CRTLED whiteboards readerse-book lasers HDTV aspect ratio dot pitch refresh rateresolution ratemicrophone mouseTFT VR MICRFDIC UPC OMR monitors scanners headsetsHDTVs multitouch digitaldynamic OLEDMultiple 81. RAM is sometimes referred to as:2. The actual physical material that holds the data and programs. primary storage media disk access3. Measures how tightly these charges can be packed next to one another on the disk. ratio active memory secondary storage primary storageread only memory标准实用4. When a read/write head makes contact with the hard disk ’s surface, it causes a head:5. This hard-disk performance enhancement anticipates data needs.6. This type of storage uses pits and lands to represent 1s and 0s.7. DVD stands for:8. USB drives are also known as:9. An organizational strategy to promote efficient and safe use of data across the networks.10. A mass storage device that provides access to data archived on tapes.library system systemtape RAID f i l e NAS cloud dynamic data mission statemententerprise storage system RAIDuniversal optical drivesdrives flash ports state bus digital versatile disc dynamic versatile discdigital video data dynamic video disc optical cloudsolid state disk hard file decompression compression cachingdisk RAID f i l e scratch crashland pit cylinders densitysectors tracksMultiple 91. The concept related to using computer networks to link people and resources.2. A high-frequency transmission cable that delivers television signals as well as connects computers in a network.coaxial hi def 3-D twisted pair connectivityTCP/IP Wi-Fi GPS标准实用3. A short- range radio communication standard that transmits data over short distances of up to approximately 30 feet.4. The speed with which a modem transmits data is called its:5. The bandwidth typically used for DSL, cable, and satellite connections to the Internet.6. Every computer on the Internet has a unique numeric address called a(n):7. Sometimes referred to as a LAN adapter, these expansion cards connect a computer to a network.8. A device that allows one LAN to be linked to other LANs or to larger networks.9. Typically using Wi-Fi technology, these wireless access points are typically available from public places such as coffee shops, libraries, bookstores, colleges, and universities.extranets hotspotsLANs PANs gateway network switch PAN IDSPCMCIAserver VPN NIC broadcast addresspacket DNS IP broadband voiceband basebandmedium band digital velocity dynamic rate modular rating transfer r a t eBluetoothbroadband TCP/IP DSL10. Star, tree, and mesh are three types of network:Multiple 101. The three primary privacy issues are accuracy, property, and:ownership s ecurity access e th ic s topologies s t r a te g ie s protocols devices标准实用2. To easily get names, addresses, and other details about a person using only his or her telephone number, government authorities and others use a(n):3. Browsers store the locations of sites visited in a:4. The browser mode that eliminates history files and blocks most cookies.5. The information that people voluntarily post in social networking sites, blogs, and photo- and video-sharing sites is used to create their:6. Computer criminals who specialize in stealing, trading, and using stolen credit cards over the Internet are known as:7. Programs that come into a computer system disguised as something else are called:8. The use of the Internet, cell phones, or other devices to send or post content intended to hurt or embarrass another person is known as:cyber-bullyingsocial media discrimination online harassmentunethical communicationviruseszombies Trojan horses bugsWeb scammersidentity carders thieves t r a d e r scyber card approval f ir e wa llidentityonline access phish privacydetect insertsleep f ir e wa ll h istor y menuto o l bard irectorykeystroke reverse cookie adware loggerworm9. Special hardware and software used to control access to a corporation ’ s private network is known as a(n):10. To prevent copyright violations, corporations often use:WPA DRMVPNACTcommunication gatespyware removal programantivirus program f ir e wa l l标准实用Multiple 111.Which of the basic organizational functions records all financial activity from billing customers to paying employees?accounting marketing production research2.What managerial level has information flow that is vertical,horizontal,and external?top supervisory middle foreman3.Which computer-based information system uses data from TPS and analytical tools to support middle managers?ESS MIS DSS TPS4.Accounts payable refers to money the company owes its suppliers for materials and services it has:created exported inventoried received5.What accounting activity keeps track of all summaries of all transactions?balance sheet general ledgerincome statement inventory control6.What accounting statement lists the overall financial condition of an organization?balance sheet general ledgerincome statement inventory control7.What type of report is produced at regular intervals?demand exception inventory periodic8. A DSS consists of four parts:user,system software,decision models,and:application software data operating systemspreadsheets9.What type of worker is involved with the distribution,communication,and creation of information?标准实用10. What type of program is designed to schedule, plan, and control project resources?Multiple 121. Facts or observations about people, places, things, and events are:data occurrences records tables2. The most basic logical data element such as a single letter, number, or special character is known as a:character element phrase record3. Each record in a database has at least one distinctive field, called the:key field structure type view4. One element of database security is to provide only authorized users with:5. The bridge between the logical and physical views of the data is provided by:passwordsr e la tio ns c lasses nodesschedulers managersa uditing pro jec t dtpinformationexecutive knowledge foreman6. Highly trained computer specialists who interact with the data administration subsystem are known as:7. In a network database, each child node may have more than one parent node; this is known as a:8. Connections between parent nodes and child nodes are provided by:many-to-many relationshiprelational relationshiphierarchy parentrelationshipDBMS data modelers database administrators relational s p e c i a l i s t s recordst a b le s DBMS SQL标准实用9. Two of the most significant advantages of multidimensional databases over relational databases are processing speed and:10. Object-oriented databases organize data by classes, attributes, methods, and:objects relations space timeMultiple 131. An information system is a collection of hardware, software, people, procedures, and:data DBMS specialists system analysts2. What is the first phase in the systems life cycle?3. Which phase in the systems life cycle involves installing the new system and training people?systems analysis systems implementationpreliminaryinvestigationsystems designneeds analysis systems analysis c onceptualization o b je c t if ic a tio n controlformatcharacters pointers objectsDBApreliminaryinvestigationsystem design4. This phase in the systems life cycle is concerned about determining system requirements not in design.systems analysis systems implementation5. Which systems analysis tool shows the relationship between input and output documents?6. These tools relieve the systems analysts of many repetitive tasks, develop clear documentation, and, for larger projects, coordinate team member activities.c hecklis td ecision t a b lechart grid data flowpreliminaryinvestigationsystem design标准实用7. Which systems life cycle phase is concerned with economic, technical, and operationalfeasibility?8. What type of feasibility evaluates whether the people within the organization will embrace or resist a new system?behavioral economic operational techinical9. Which approach to conversion begins by trying out a new system in only one part of an organization?direct pilot parallel phased10. An alternative to the systems life cycle approach using powerful development software, small specialized teams, and highly trained personnel.Multiple 141. A program is a list of instructions for the computer to follow to process:2. The major processing steps identified in a top-down program design are called:software hardware d i r e c t logicdata prototypingCASERAD AAD preliminaryinvestigationsystems design systems analysis systems implementationautomated systems life cycle data flow analyzers CASEflow chartsassembly instructions modules logic3.The programming logic structure in which one program statement follows another.4.One of the best ways to code effective programs is to use the three basic logic structures to create:content-markup programs pseudocodemodular languages structured programsc oncatenation r e p e titio n selec tio nloop标准实用5. Which step in the six-step programming procedure involves desk checking and searching for syntax and logic errors?6. Which step in the six-step programming procedure is the final step?7. Unlike traditional systems development, this software development approach focuses less on the procedures and more on defining the relationships between previously defined procedures.8. Natural languages are considered to be a:9. A compiler converts the programmer ’s procedural language program, called the source code, into a machine language code, called the:10. The 4GL languages that enable nonprogrammers to use certain easily understood commands to search and generate reports from a database.query application generator C11 COBOLMultiple 15interpreter codestructured codeobject code top-down code low- level language procedural language high- level languagemid- level languageobject-oriented context-markup module 2GLprogram documentation program maintenance program designprogram testprogram documentation program test program designprogram maintenance1. People who react to technology by thinking computers are magic boxes capable of solving all kinds of problems that computers really can ’t handle are:cynics frustrated na ï ve proactive2. The type of person that looks at technology in a positive realistic way is: frustrated proactive cynical na ï ve标准实用3. Books, journals, and trade associations are the best sources to help you:4. If your career is in marketing, it makes sense to develop a specialty in:database desktop publishingprogramming systems analysis and design5. What computer professional repairs and installs computer components and systems?computer technician data entry workerdesktop publisher software engineer6. What computer professional designs, tests, and researches encryption procedures?cryptographer network administratorprogrammer software engineer7. What computer professional uses database management software to determine the most efficient ways to organize and access data?cryptographer database administratorprogrammer software engineer8. What computer professional oversees the work of programmers, computer specialists, systems analysts, and other computer professionals?information systems manager network managersoftware engineer technical writerdevelop specialties maintain your computer competencydevelop personal contactslook for innovative opportunities9. What computer professional creates, tests, and troubleshoots computer programs?10. What computer professional plans and designs information systems?programmer systems analyst network managersoftware engineer programmer technical writernetwork managersoftware engineer。

第一章信息系统information system, IS信息技术information technology, IT赛事管理系统games management system, GMS信息传播系统information diffusion system, IDS电子数据处理EDP管理信息系统management information support system，MIS 经理信息系统EIS人工智能AI专家系统ES战略信息系统SIS企业资源计划ERP企业协作系统enterprise collaboration system电子商务electronic commerce运营处理系统operations support system事务处理系统transaction processing system零售点point-of-sale，POS过程控制系统process control system办公自动化系统（企业协作系统enterprise collaboration system）决策信息系统decision support system，DSS经理信息系统executive information system, EIS专家系统expert system知识管理系统knowledge management system，KMS企业职能系统functional business system战略信息系统strategic information system 具有交叉功能的信息系统cross-functional information system信息系统模型information system model信息系统专家IS specialist第二章竞争战略competitive strategy锁定客户与供应商lock in customers and suppliers跨企业的信息系统interenterprise information system发挥信息技术投资的杠杆效应leverage investment in information technology 以客户为中心的企业customer-focused business客户关系管理customer relationship management，CRM业务流程重组business process reengineering，BPR企业资源计划ERP知识创造型企业knowledge-creating company第七章电子化e-business企业应用体系结构enterprise application architecture企业资源计划enterprise resource planning，ERP客户关系管理customer relationship management，CRW业务伙伴关系管理partner relationship management，PRM供应链管理supply chain management，SCM企业应用集成enterprise application integration，EAI事务处理系统transaction processing system，TPS在线事务处理系统online transaction processing system事务处理周期transaction processing cycle企业协作系统enterprises collaboration system，ESC职能业务系统functional business system营销信息系统marketing information system销售人员自动化sales force automation计算机集成制造computer-integrated manufacturing，CIM计算机辅助工程computer-aided engineering，CAE计算机辅助设计computer-aided design，CAD计算机辅助工艺设计computer-sided process planning物料需求计划material requirements planning，MRP制造资源计划manufacturing resources planning制造执行系统manufacturing execution system人力资源信息系统human resource information system人力资源管理HRM在线HRM系统online HRM system会计信息系统accounting information system财务管理系统financial management system第八章业务伙伴关系管理partnenr relationship management，PRM 企业资源计划enterprise resource planning，ERP 供应链管理supply chain management，SCM第九章电子商务electronic commerce企业对消费者（B2C）电子商务企业对企业（B2B）电子商务消费者对消费者（C2C）电子商务实时的个性化real-time personalization，RTP电子支付系统electronic payment system电子资金转账electronic funds transfer，EFT安全电子交易secure electronic transaction，SET一对一营销one-to-one marketing常见问答列表frequently asked question，FAQ对等网络P2P（Peer to Peer）。

信息系统的组成英语作文标题，The Composition of Information Systems。

Information systems play a crucial role in the modern world, serving as the backbone of countless organizations, businesses, and institutions. Understanding the components of information systems is essential for comprehending their functionality and significance. In this essay, we will delve into the various components of information systems, their functions, and their importance in today's digital age.At its core, an information system comprises hardware, software, data, people, and processes. Each component contributes uniquely to the system's overall functionality and effectiveness.Firstly, hardware refers to the physical components of the information system, including computers, servers, networking devices, and storage devices. These hardwarecomponents provide the infrastructure necessary for processing, storing, and transmitting data and information within the system.Secondly, software encompasses the programs and applications that run on the hardware. This includes operating systems, database management systems, enterprise resource planning (ERP) software, customer relationship management (CRM) software, and various other applications tailored to specific organizational needs. Software enables users to interact with the hardware, manipulate data, and perform tasks efficiently.Thirdly, data is the lifeblood of an information system. It refers to the raw facts, figures, and observations that are collected, stored, processed, and analyzed by the system. Data can take various forms, including text, numbers, images, audio, and video. Effectively managing and utilizing data is critical for decision-making, problem-solving, and achieving organizational objectives.Fourthly, people are an indispensable component ofinformation systems. Users, stakeholders, IT professionals, and other personnel play vital roles in designing, implementing, maintaining, and using information systems effectively. Human resources are responsible for defining requirements, configuring systems, troubleshooting issues, and ensuring security and compliance.Lastly, processes refer to the procedures, workflows, and methodologies employed within the information system to accomplish tasks and achieve goals. Processes encompass everything from data entry and retrieval to system maintenance and security protocols. Efficient processes streamline operations, minimize errors, and enhance productivity within the organization.The integration of these components results in a cohesive and functional information system that supports the operations and objectives of an organization. Information systems facilitate various functions, including data collection, storage, processing, analysis, dissemination, and decision-making.One of the primary functions of information systems is to support decision-making processes at all levels of an organization. Decision support systems (DSS) provide executives, managers, and other stakeholders with timely and relevant information to make informed decisions. These systems analyze data, generate reports, and present insights to facilitate strategic planning, resource allocation, and performance evaluation.Furthermore, information systems enable organizations to streamline their operations and enhance efficiency. Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems integrate various business processes, such as finance, human resources, supply chain management, and customer relationship management, into a single, unified platform. By automating routine tasks, optimizing workflows, and facilitating communication and collaboration, ERP systems help organizations improve productivity, reduce costs, and maintain competitiveness in the marketplace.Additionally, information systems play a crucial role in facilitating communication and collaboration bothinternally and externally. Collaboration tools, such as email, instant messaging, video conferencing, and collaborative workspaces, enable employees to communicate, share ideas, and collaborate on projects in real-time, regardless of their geographical location. This enhances teamwork, fosters innovation, and accelerates decision-making processes within the organization.Moreover, information systems contribute to the strategic positioning of organizations in the global marketplace. By leveraging technology and data analytics, organizations can gain insights into market trends, consumer behavior, and competitive dynamics. This enables them to identify opportunities, mitigate risks, and develop strategies to gain a competitive edge.In conclusion, information systems are complex and multifaceted constructs that encompass hardware, software, data, people, and processes. These components work together synergistically to support the operations, decision-making processes, and strategic objectives of organizations. In today's digital age, the effective management andutilization of information systems are essential for achieving success and maintaining competitiveness in the global marketplace.。

信息资源管理：IRM指管理者为达到预定的目的，运用现代化的管理手段和管理方法来研究信息资源在经济活动和其他活动中利用的规律，并依据这些规律对信息资源进行组织、规划、协调、配置和控制的活动。

信息系统：（information system ，简称IS）是一个完成信息采集、传递、存储、加工、维护和使用等信息处理活动的系统。

知识管理：是指一个组织整体上对知识的获取、存储、学习、共享、创新的管理过程，目的是提高组织中知识工作者的生产力，提高组织的应变能力和反应速度，创新商业模式，增强核心竞争力。

数据挖掘：是从大量的、不完全的、有噪声的、模糊的、随机的实际应用数据中，提取隐含在其中的、人们事先不知道的、但又是潜在有用的信息和知识的过程。

CIO：是Chief Information Officer——“首席信息官”，是负责制定组织信息政策、标准，并对信息资源进行管理控制的高级行政官员。

电子政务就是政府机构应用现代信息与通信技术，将管理与服务通过网络技术进行集成，在Internet上实现政府组织结构与工作流程的优化重组，超越时间、空间与部门分割的限制，全方位的向社会提供优质、规范、透明、符合国际标准的管理与服务。

信息组织：是利用一定的科学规律和方法，通过对外在特征和内容特征的有序化与综合，实现无序信息流向有序信息流转换的过程。

信息系统资源管理：就是为完成信息系统资源的合理开发与高校利用，保证优质的信息系统上线，并能发挥信息系统在企业运行中的重要作用所采取的一系列管理措施。

1.政府企业信息管理的目标、手段、方法有什么不同？手段：技术（数据库信息系统信息网络）、经济（经济杠杆）、法律、行政。

2.信息管理的目的在于提高信息利用的效率，更好地实现信息的价值，为正确决策提供大量的、准确的、全面的和及时的信息资源支持，是知识发现和技术创新的源泉。

3.政府信息资源管理的内容1. 政府信息化政策的制定 2. 政府信息化发展计划 3. 政府信息化的项目管理 4. 政府信息的管理5. 政府信息基础设施的管理 6. 政府信息技术的管理 7. 政府应用信息系统管理8. 政府信息化的人力资源开发9. 政府信息资源管理相关的法律和法规10. 政府信息的安全管理4.政府信息资源管理的实施条件：电子政务企业信息管理：利用现代信息技术，对企业生产经营中的各个环节涉及的各方面信息，进行收集、整理、分析和提供利用的工作。

system是什么意思你知道system的英语是什么吗?下面一起来看看吧。

systemsystem的英语音标：英 ['sɪstəm] 美 ['sɪstəm]sysem的中文意思：n.系统;体系;身体;制度system的英语例句：用作名词 (n.)The drainage system has been aged.排水系统已经老化了。

The magazine is produced using a desktop publishing system.这本杂志用一个桌面的出版系统做出来的。

They are introducing a very sophisticated system for delivering information.他们正在介绍一个非常复杂的传递信息的体系。

Excessive drinking does harm to the system.过度饮酒对身体有害。

She just blames it all on the system.她把这全归咎于制度。

Megamalls and fast food restaurants line the highway system 公路系统沿线有大型商场和快餐店。

The new system is still in the planning stages 新体系仍处于规划阶段。

There is nothing sinister or conspiratorial about the export licensing system 这种出口许可制度没有任何阴险或者见不得人的东西。

A special locking system means the door cannot be openedaccidentally 特殊的锁定系统使门不会被意外打开。

The volume of scheduled flights is straining the air traffic control system 定期航班的数量正让空中交通指挥系统不堪重负。

CHAPTER11.Explain the five parts of an information system .What part do people play inthis system?An information system has five parts: people, procedures, software, hardware and data.People: Are end users who use computer to make themselves more productive.Procedures: Specify rules or guidelines for computer operations.Software: Provides step-by-step instructions for computer hardware.Hardware: Processes the data to create information.Data: Consist of unprocessed facts including text, numbers, image and sounds.People are the most important part of any information system.2.What is system software? What kinds of programs are included in systemsoftware?System software helps the computer manage its own internal resources. It includes three kinds of programs: operating systems, utilities and device drivers programs.3.Define and compare basic and specialized application software. Describe somedifferent types of basic application software. Describe some types of specialized applications.Basic applications are the kinds of programs to be considered computer competent.Specialized applications are more narrowly focused on specific disciplines and occupations.Basic applications have some types, such as browser, word processor, spreadsheet ,and so on.Also specialized applications have many types, some of the best known are graphics, audio and video, multimedia, Web authoring ,and artificial intelligence programs.4.Describe the different types of computer. What is the most common type? Whatare the types of microcomputers?There are four types of computers: supercomputers, mainframe computers, minicomputers, and microcomputers.Supercomputers are the most powerful type of computer.Mainframe computers occupy specially wired, air-conditioned rooms, they are capable of great processing speeds and data storage.Minicomputers are refrigerator sized machines.Microcomputers are the least powerful, yet the most widely used and fastest-growing, type of computer.Microcomputers are the most common type of computers.There are four types of microcomputers: Desktop computers, Notebook computers, Handheld computers and PDA.5.What is connectivity? How are the wireless revolution and connectivityrelated? What is a computer network? What is the Internet? What is the Web?Connectivity is the capability of you microcomputer to share the information with other computers.Wireless revolution dramatically affect connectivity.A computer network is a communications system connecting two or more computers.Internet is the largest network in the world.The Web provides a multimedia interface to the numerous resources available on the Internet.CHAPTER21.Discuss the uses of the Internet. Which activities have you participated in?Which one do you think is the most popular?The most common uses of the Internet are the following: communicating, shopping, searching, entertainment, education, and so on. I have participated in almost all of them. I think communicating is the most popular.2.Explain the differences between the two most common types of providers.The two most common types of providers are National and wireless.National service providers provide access through standard telephone connections.Wireless service providers provide Internet connections for computers with wireless modems and a wide array of wireless devices.3.What are the basic elements of an message?A typical message has three basic elements: header, message and signature.4.What is social networking ? Describe the three types if social networkingsites.Social networking is the grouping of individuals into specific groups. Thereare three basic categories of social networking sites: reuniting, friend-of-a-friend and common interestReuniting sites are designed to connect people who have known one another but have lost touch.Friend-of-a-friend sites are designed to bring together two people who do not know one another but share a common friend.Common interest sites bring together individuals that share common interests or hobbies.5.Describe the different types of search engines. Given an example of the typeof search each engine is best for.There are three types of search engines: crawler-based search engines, metasearch engines and specialized search enginesCrawler-based search engines, such as Google, create their listings automatically.Metasearch engines are programs that automatically submit your search request to several engines simultaneously. The metasearch engines receives the results, eliminates duplicates, orders the hits, and then provides the edited list to you .one of the best known is Dogpile.Specialized search engines focus on subject-specific Web sites. such as Environment.CHAPTER31.Explain the difference between general-purpose and special-purposeapplications.General-purpose application are widely used in nearly every discipline and occupation. They include word processors, spreadsheets, database management systems and presentation graphics.Specialized application includes thousands of other programs that are more narrowly focused on specific disciplines and occupations.2.Discuss the common features of most software programs. Describe the newinterface to what-if analysis?Most applications use a GUI, use windows to display information, and have menus to present commands.3.What is the difference between a function and a formula? How is a formularelated to what-if analysis?A formula is an instruction to calculate or process. Functions are prewrittenformulas. A formula related to what-if analysis is called recalculation.4.What are presentation graphics programs? How are they used?Presentation graphics are programs that combine a variety of visual objects to create attractive, visually interesting presentation. People in a variety of setting and situations use presentation graphics programs to make their presentations more interesting and professional.5.What is the difference between an integrated package and a software suite?What are the advantages and disadvantages od each?An integrated package is a single program that provides the functionality ofa word processor, spreadsheet, database manager, and more. The primarydisadvantage of an integrated package is that the capabilities of each function are not as extensive as in the individual programs. The primary advantages are cost and simplicity.A software suite is a collection of separate application programs bundledtogether and sold as a group. It is significantly less expensive to buy a suite of applications than to buy each application separatelyCHAPTER41.Describe graphics , including desktop publishers, image editors, illustrationprograms, image galleries, and graphics suites.Graphics are widely used to analyze data and to create professional-looking presentations; Desktop publishers focus on page design and layout and provide greater flexibility; Image editors are programs for creating and editing bitmap images; Illustration programs are used to create and to edit vector images; Image galleries are libraries of electronic images. These images are used for a wide variety of applications from illustrating textbooks to providing visual interest to presentations;Graphics suites are some companies combining their separate graphics programs in groups.2.Discuss audio and video editing software.Audio editing software allows you to create and edit audio clips, most software allow you to add audio effects to your tracks. Video editingsoftware allows you to reorganize, add effects, and more to your digital video footage.3.What is multimedia? How are multimedia presentations developed?Multimedia is the integration of all sorts of media into one presentation.The creation of interactive multimedia presentations follows several steps: Plan, Design, Create and Support.4.Describe Web authoring , including Web site design and Web authoring programs.Creating a site is called Web authoring. A web site design is an interactive multimedia form of communication, designing a web site begins with determining the site’s overall content, the overall site design is commonly represented in a graphical map. More specialized and powerful programs, called Web authoring programs, are typically used to create sophisticated commercial sites.5.Discuss three areas of artificial intelligence.The three areas of artificial intelligence are virtual reality, knowledge-based systems and robotics. Virtual reality is an artificial, or simulated, reality generated in 3-D by a computer. Knowledge-based systems are a type of artificial intelligence that uses a database to provide assistance to users. Robotics is the field of study concerned with developing and using robots.CHAPTER51.Describe system software. What are the four types of system programs?System software works with end users, application software, and computer hardware to handle the majority of technical details. It consists of four types of programs: operating systems, utilities, device drivers and language translators.2.What are the basic functions of every operating system? What are the threebasic operating system categories?The basic functions of every operating system are : managing computer resources, providing a user interface, and running applications. The three basic operating system categories are: embedded, network and stand-alone.3.Explain the differences and similarities between Windows, Mac OS, and Linux.Windows is by far the most popular microcomputer operating system today. It comes in a variety of different versions and is designed to run with Intel and Intel-compatible microprocessors. Mac OS is not nearly as widely used as the Windows operating system. It is a powerful, easy-to-use operating system that is popular with professional graphic designs, desktop publishers, and many home users. While Windows, the Mac OS are proprietary operating systems, Linux is not. It is open source software free and available from many sources, including the Web.4.Discuss utilities. What are the five most essential utilities? What is autilities suite?Utilities are specialized programs designed to make computing easier. The five most essential utilities are: troubleshooting or diagnostic programs, antivirus programs, uninstall programs, backup programs and file compression programs. Utility suites combine several programs into one package.5.Explain the role of device drivers. Discuss the Add Printer Wizard andWindows Update.A device driver works with the operating system to allow communication betweenthe device and the rest of the computer system. Each time the computer system is started, the operating system loads all of the device drivers into memory.Whenever a new device is added to a computer system, a new device driver must be installed before the device can be used.Add Printer Wizard provides step-by-step guidance to select the appropriate printer driver and to install that driver. Windows uses Windows Update to make reinstalling or updating device drivers easily.CHAPTER61.Describe the four basic types of system units.There are four basic types of system units: Desktop system units, Notebook system units, Tablet PC system units, and Handheld computer system units.Desktop system units typically contain the system’s electronic components and selected secondary storage devices.Notebook system units are portable and much smaller. They contain the electronic components, selected secondary storage devices, and input device.Tablet PC system units are highly portable devices that support the use of a stylus or pen to input commands and data.Handheld computer system units are the smallest and are designed to fit into the palm of one hand.2.Describe the two basic components of the CPU.The two basic components are: the control unit and the arithmetic-logic unit.Control unit tells the rest of the computer system how to carry out a program’s instructions.Arithmetic-logic unit performs two types of operations---arithmetic and logical.3.What are the differences and similarities between the three types of memory?There are three types of memory chips: RAM, ROM, and CMOS.RAM chips hold the program and data that the CPU is presently processing, everything in most types of RAM is lost as soon as the microcomputer is turned off or a power failure.ROM chips have programs built into them at the factory. ROM chips are not volatile and cannot be changed by the user.CMOS chip provides flexibility and expandability for a computer system. It contains essential information that is required every time the computer system is turned on. It is powered by a battery and does not lose its contents when the power is turned. Its contents can be changed to reflect changes in the computer system.4.Identify five expansion cards and describe the function of each.Five expansion cards are: graphics cards, sound cards, modem cards, NIC and TV tuner cards.Graphics cards connect the system board to the computer’s monitor, they convert the internal electronic signals to video signals so they can be displayed on the monitor.Sound cards accept audio input from a microphone and convert it into a form that can be processed by the computer. They also convert internal electronic signals to audio signals.Modem cards allow distant computers to communicate with one another by converting electronic signals from within the system unit into electronic signals that can travel over telephone lines and other types of connections.NIC are used to connect a computer to one or more other computers.TV tuner cards can changes the TV signal into one that can be displayed on you monitor.5.Identify and describe four standard ports and two specialized ports.Four standard ports are: serial ports, parallel ports, universal serial bus ports and FireWire ports.Serial ports are often used to connect a mouse, keyboard, modem, and many other devices to the system unit.Parallel ports are used to connect external devices that need to send or receive a lot of data over a short distance.USB ports are gradually replacing serial and parallel ports.FireWire ports provide connections to specialized FireWire devices.CHAPTER71.Define input and output devices.Input is any data or instructions that are used by a computer. Input devices are hardware used to translate what people understand into a form that computers can process.2.Describe the three categories of output devices.①There are a widely of different pointing devices including the mouse,joystick, touch screen, light pen, and stylus.A mouse controls a pointer that is displayed on the monitor.A joystick is the most popular input device for computer games. You controlgame actions by varying the pressure, speed, and direction of the joystick.A touch screen is a particular kind of monitor with a clear plastic outerlayer.A light pen is a light-sensitive pen-like device.A stylus acts with the computer through handwriting recognition software.②There are three types of scanning devices: optical scanners, card readers,bar code readers, and character and mark recognition devices.An optical scanner accepts documents consisting of text and/or images and converts them to machine readable form.Card readers interpret encoded information.Bar code readers are either handheld wand readers or platform scanners.Character and mark recognition devices are scanners that are able to recognize special characters and marks.③Image capturing devices include digital cameras and digital video cameras.Digital cameras capture still images. Digital video cameras capture motion.④Audio input can take many forms including the human voice and music.Voice recognition systems accept voice commands to control computer operations and to create document.MIDI is a standard for connecting musical instruments to the system unit.3.Describe the three categories if output devices.The most widely used output devices are monitors, printers and audio output.Monitors present visual images of text and graphics.Printers translate information that has been processed by the system unit and present the information on paper.Audio output devices translate audio information from the computer into sounds that people can understand.4. Define output an output devices.Output is processed data or information. Output devices are hardware used to translate information that has been processed by the system unit into a form that humans can understands.5. What are combination input and output devices? Describe four such devices.Devices combine features of input devices such as scanners with features of output devices like printers are called combination input and output devices.Combination devices include fax machines, multifunction devices, Internet telephones, and terminals.A fax machine is a standard tool in nearly every office.Multifunction devices combine the capabilities of a scanner, printer, fax, and copying machine.Internet telephones are specialized input and output devices for receiving and sending voice communication.Terminals are input and output device that connect you to a mainframe or other type of computer.CHAPTER81.Discuss the traditional and high-capacity floppy disksThe traditional floppy disk is the 1.44MB 3-inch disk. They have a thin exterior jacket made of hard plastic to protect the flexible disk inside.The high capacity floppy disks are 3 inches in diameter. They are able to store more information, are thicker, and require special disk drives.2.What are the three types of hard disks? Describe three ways to improve harddisk performance.There are three types of hard disks: Internal hard disk, hard-disk cartridge, and hard-disk pack.Three ways to improve the performance of hard disks are disk caching, redundant arrays of inexpensive disks, and file compression/decompression.Disk caching improves hard-disk performance by anticipating data needs.Redundant arrays of inexpensive disks improve performance by expending external storage, improving access speed, and providing reliable storage.File compression and file decompression increase storage capacity by reducing the amount of space required to store data and programs.3.What are the two most common optical disc formats? What is hi def ? Describethe basic types for each format.The two most common optical disc formats are CD and DVD. Hi def is the next generation of optical discs.①There are four basic types of CDs: read only, write once, rewritable, andPicture and Photo CDs.Read only CDs cannot be written on or erased by the users, they are used to distribute large databases, references, and large software application packages.Write once CDs can be written to once, they are used to archive data and to record music download from the Internet.Rewritable CDs are similar to write once CDs except that the disks surface is not permanently altered when data is recorded.Picture and Photo CDs use a special format developed by Eastman Kodak to store digital images.②There are three types of DVDs: read only, write once, and rewriteable.Read only DVDs can provide over two hours of very high-quality video and sound comparable to that found in motion picture theatres.Write once DVDs are typically used to create permanent archives for large amounts of data and to record videos.Rewriteable DVDs are competing rewriteable formats.4.Discuss solid-state storage, Internet hard drives, and magnetic tape. Whatare the advantages and disadvantages of each?Solid-state storage does not have moving parts. Internet drives use the Internet to store data and information. Magnetic tape provides sequential access for backup.Solid-state storage is more expensive than the others, it is more reliable and requires less power.Internet drives are low cost and the flexibility to access information from any location using the Internet. Access speed is slower.Magnetic tapes provide slower sequential access. It is an effective and commonly used tool for backing up data.5. Discuss mass storage, enterprise storage system, and mass storage devices.Mass storage refers to the storage of large amounts of data in a persisting and machine-readable fashion. Enterprise storage systems are the computer storage systems designed for large-scale, high-technology environments of the modern enterprises.Mass storage Devices have been described as mass storage include tape libraries, RAID systems, hard disk drives, magnetic tape drives, optical disc drives, magneto-optical disc drives, drum memory, floppy disk drives, punched tape and holographic memory.CHAPTER91.Define and discuss connectivity, the wireless revolution, and communications.①Connectivity is a concept related to using computer networks to link peopleand resources.②The single most dramatic change in connectivity and communications in thepast five years has been the widespread use of mobile or wireless telephones.This wireless technology allows individuals to stay connected with one another from almost anywhere at any time, the revolution is just beginning.③Communication systems transmit data from one location to another. Everycommunication system has four basic elements: sending and receiving devices, communication channel, connection devices, and data transmission specifications.2.Identify and describe the various physical and wireless communications.①Physical connections use a solid medium to connect sending and receivingdevices.These connections include telephone lines, coaxial cable, and fiber-optic cables.Telephone lines consist of twisted pair cable, they have been the standard transmission medium for years for both voice and data.Coaxial cable replaces the multiple wires of telephone lines with a single solid-copper core.Fiber-optic cable transmits data as pulses of light through tiny tubes of glass.②Wireless connections use the air to connect sending and receiving devices.Primary technologies used for wireless connections are infrared, broadcast radio, microwave, and satellite.Infrared uses infrared light waves to communicate over short distances.Broadcast radio communication uses special sending and receiving towers called transceivers.Microwave communication uses high-frequency radio waves.Satellite communication uses satellites orbiting about 22000 miles above the earth as microwave relay stations.3.Identify the standard Internet protocol and discuss its essential features.The standard protocol for the Internet is TCP/IP. The essential features of this protocol involve: identifying sending and receiving devices and reformatting information for transmission across the Internet.Identification: Every computer on the Internet has a unique number address called an IP address, the Internet uses IP addresses to deliver and to locate Web sites.Reformatting: Information sent or transmitted across the Internet usually travels through numerous interconnected networks. Before the massage is sent, it is reformatted or broken down into small parts called packets, at the receiving end, the packets are reassembled into the correct order.4.Define and discuss the four principal network topologies.The four principal network topologies are star, bus, ring, and hierarchical.In a star network, a number of small computers or peripheral devices are linked to a central unit, all communications pass through this central unit.In a bus network, each device in the network handles its own communication control.In a ring network, each device is connected to two other devices, forming a ring.The hierarchical network consists of several computers linked to a central host computer, other computers are also hosts to other, smaller computers or to peripheral devices.5.Define and discuss the three most common network strategies.The most common network strategies are terminal, client/server, and peer-to-peer systems.①In a terminal network system, processing power is centralized in one largecomputer. For the end user it is lack of control and flexibility.②Client/server network system use one computer to coordinate and supplyservices to other nodes on the network. One advantage of the client/sever network strategy is the ability to handle very large networks efficiently.Another advantage is the ability of powerful network management software to monitor and control network activities. The major disadvantages are the cost of installation and maintenance.③In a peer-to-peer network system, nodes have equal authority and can actas both clients and servers. The networks are inexpensive and easy to install, and they usually work well for smaller systems with fewer than 10 nodes.CHAPTER101.Discuss the impact of large database , private networks, the Internet, andthe Web on privacy.Large databases raise some serious concerns on privacy: identity theft and mistaken identity.The impact of private networks on privacy has the two parts: The first instance, of firms eavesdropping on employees, has inspired attempts at federal legislation. The second instance, in which online information services screen and reject messages, is a common activity with most commercial services.The internet brings illusion of anonymity, the web creates a history file, your web activity is monitored is by cookies. To respond to these privacy concerns, a code of fair information practice has been established.2.Discuss the carious kinds of computer criminals.Computer criminals are of five types:Employees: The largest category of computer criminals consists of those with the easiest access to computers-namely, employees.Outside users: Some suppliers or clients may have access to a company’s computer system.Hackers and crackers: Hackers are people who gain unauthorized access to a computer system for the fun and challenge of it. Crackers do the same thing but for malicious purposes.Organized crime: Members of organized crime groups have discovered that they can use computers just as people in legitimate businesses do, but for illegal purpose.Terrorists: Knowledgeable terrorist groups and hostile governments could potentially crash satellites and wage economic warfare by disrupting navigation and communication systems.3. What are the principal measures used to protect computer security? What isencryption? How is it used by corporations and individuals?Some of the principal measures to protect computer security are encryption, restricting access, anticipating disasters, and backing up data.Encryption is the conversion of data into a form, called a ciphertext that cannot be easily understood by unauthorized people.Corporations have use it for years that some law enforcement agencies are unable to wiretap messages from suspected criminals. Individuals are alsousing encryption programs to safeguard their private communications.4.What is ergonomics? How does computer use impact mental health? Physicalhealth?Ergonomics is defined as the study of human factors related to things people use.The physical health matters related to computers that have received the most attention recently are the following: eyestrain and headache, back and neck pain, and repetitive strain injury. Computer technology creates some irritants that may be counter productive: noise, and electronic monitoring.5.Describe the basic elements of the Green PC and what you can do to protectthe environment.The basic elements of the Green PC are: System unit, display, and manufacturing.As a computer user, you can do to help protect the environment are the following:conserve, recycle, and educate.。

信息管理与信息系统专业英语Information Management and Information Systems is a field that focuses on the use of technology and systems to manage and organize information. This includes the design, implementation, and management of information systems, databases, and other information resources. Students in this major learn about a variety of subjects including information technology, computer science, management, and organizational behavior. They also develop skillsin areas such as data analysis, programming, and project management. Graduates from this program can pursue careers as database administrators, IT consultants, systems analysts, and information managers in a variety of industries such as healthcare, finance, and government. This field is constantly evolving with the development of new technologies, making it an exciting and dynamic area of study.中文翻译:信息管理与信息系统是一个专注于利用技术和系统来管理和组织信息的领域。

管理信息系统英语结构表达法管理信息系统（Management Information System，简称MIS）是指在组织中使用计算机和通信技术来收集、处理、存储和传递信息的系统。

它是一个综合性的系统，由硬件、软件、数据库、网络和人员组成，旨在支持管理决策和组织运营。

MIS的英语结构表达法可以根据不同的方面进行解释。

以下是一些常见的MIS相关术语及其解释：1. Management Information System (MIS)MIS refers to a comprehensive system that utilizes computer and communication technologies to collect, process, store, and transmit information within an organization. It comprises hardware, software, databases, networks, and personnel, and is designed to support managerial decision-making and organizational operations.2. HardwareHardware refers to the physical components of a computer system, such as the central processing unit (CPU), memory, storage devices, input devices (e.g., keyboard, mouse), and output devices (e.g., monitor, printer). It provides the necessary infrastructure for running softwareand storing data.3. SoftwareSoftware refers to the programs, instructions, and data that control and operate computer hardware. It includes operating systems, application software, and utility programs. Operating systems manage computer resources, while application software enables specific tasks or functions to be performed, such as word processing or data analysis.4. DatabaseA database is an organized collection of data that is stored and accessed electronically. It consists of tables, records, and fields, where tables represent entities, records represent individual instances, and fields represent specific data elements. Databases enable efficient storage, retrieval, and manipulation of data for use in MIS.5. NetworkA network is a collection of interconnected devices, such as computers, servers, and routers, that facilitate communication and information sharing. Networks can be local area networks (LANs), connecting devices within a limited geographical area, or wide area networks (WANs), connecting devices across larger distances. They enable datatransmission and resource sharing among users in an MIS.6. PersonnelPersonnel in an MIS context refer to the individuals who operate, maintain, and utilize the system. They include IT professionals responsible for system administration, database management, software development, and user support. Personnel play a crucial role in ensuring the effective functioning and utilization of MIS within an organization.以上是对管理信息系统英语结构表达法的解释，希望能够对您有所帮助。

济南⼤学计算机专业英语第⼀章答案Homework of Chapter One1. Chapter 1 Multiple ChoiceSelect the best answer for each question below. When you are finished, check your answers by clicking the 'Check Answers' button at the bottom of the page.1. People, procedures, software, hardware, and data are the five parts of a(n)competency systemcomputer systeminformation system?software system2. Procedures are typically documented in manuals written bycomputer specialists?end usersMicrosoftservice providers3. Which of the following is an example of connectivity?datahard diskInternet?power cord4. Windows 7 is an example of a(n)application softwarebrowseroperating system?shareware5. The most powerful type of computer.mainframe computersmicrocomputersminicomputerssupercomputers?6. The system component that controls and manipulates data in order to produce information is called thekeyboardmicroprocessor?monitormouse7. These devices translate data and programs that humans can understand into a form that the computer can process.displayinput?outputpointer8. A DVD is an example of a(n)hard diskoptical disc?output devicesolid-state storage device9. This type of file is created by word processors.worksheetdocument?databasepresentation10. Many experts are predicting that this revolution is expected to dramatically affect the way we communicate and use computer technology.graphicsinputmemorywireless?2. Chapter 1 MatchingMatch the definitions with the terms in the box to the right by entering the letter for each term next to its correct definition below.1. e Guidelines people follow when using software.2. f Consists of the step-by-step instructions that tell the computer how to do its work.3.i Software that enables the application software to interact with the computer hardware.4.h The most powerful type of computer.5. a The least powerful and most widely used type of computer.6.c Translates the processed information from the computer into a form that humans can understand.7. g Holds data and programs even after electrical power to the system has been turned off.9. d A type of handheld computer.10. j The largest network in the world.3. Chapter 1 Open-Ended Questions⑴. Explain the five parts of an information system. What part do people play in this system?An information system typically consists of: people, procedures, software, hardware, data, and connectivity. Information systems are used by people in order to increase productivity. Procedures are rules or guidelines for people to follow when using software, hardware, and data. Software is a program that contains the step-by-step instructions that tell the computer how to do its work.Hardware consists of the physical equipment that processes the data to create information. Data consists of raw unprocessed facts, including text, numbers, images, and sounds. Almost all of today's computer systems add an additional part to the information system. This part, called connectivity,typically uses the Internet and allows users to greatly expand the capability and usefulness of their information systems.⑵. What is system software? What kinds of programs are included in system software?System software is “b ackground” software that enables the application software to interact with the computer. System software consists of the operating system, utilities, device drivers, and language translators. It works with application software to handle the majority of technical details.⑶. Define and compare basic and specialized application software.- Describe some different types of basic applications.- Describe some types of specialized applications.Basic or general-purpose applications are widely used in a large number of careers. One of these general-purpose applications is a browser to navigate, explore, and find information on the Internet. Other basic applications are word processors, spreadsheets, database management systems, and presentation graphics.Specialized applications are programs that are narrowly focused on specific disciplines and occupations. Some of the best known are multimedia, Web authoring, graphics, virtual reality, and artificial intelligence.⑷. Describe the different types of computers.- What is the most common type?- What are the types of microcomputers?There are four types of computers: supercomputers, mainframe computers, midrange and microcomputers. Microcomputers are the least powerful, yet the most widely used type of computer. There are four types of microcomputers: desktop computers, notebooks, tablets, and handheld computers.⑸. What is connectivity? What are wireless devices and the wireless revolution? What is a computer network? What are the Internet and the Web? What is cloud computing?Connectivity is the capability of the microcomputer to use information from the world beyond one’s desk. Data and information can be sent over telephone or cable lines and through the air so that computers can talk to each other and share information.Wireless devices are wireless mouse, wireless network card and wireless modem etc. Wireless revolution is a revolution that is expected to dramatically affect the way we communicate and use computer technology.Computer network is a communication system connecting two or more computers and their peripheral devices to exchange information and share resources.Internet is a huge computer network available to everyone with a microcomputer and a means to connect to it. It is the actual physical network made up of wires, cables, and satellites as opposed to the Web, which is the multimedia interface to resources available on the Internet.Cloud computing is that data are stored at a server on the Internet and available anywhere the Internet can be accessed.4. Chapter 1 True / False Questions1.The parts of an information system are: people, procedures, software, hardware, data, and connectivity.True False2.The purpose of software is to convert data into information.True False3.Software is another name for a program or programs.True False4.To be a competent computer user, you must understand the essentials of information technology (IT).True False5.Application software is "background" software which helps the computer manage its own internal resources.True False6.System software is a collection of programs.True False7.Antivirus software is a Windows utility that is unnecessary as long as you are careful browsing the Internet.True False8.System software might be described as end user software.True False9. A browser is an example of system software.True False10.Another name for a midrange computer is server.True False5. Chapter 1 Fill in the Blank Questions/doc/cbd927c90812a21614791711cc7931b764ce7be5.html puter _competency_ refers to acquiring computer-related skills.2. In an information system, the rules or guidelines for people to follow are called _procedures_.3. _Hardware_ is the component of the information system that is described as the equipment that processes data to create information.4. The component of the information system that is described as raw, unprocessed facts, including text, numbers, images, and sounds, is called _ data_.5. _System software_ is a collection of programs that helps the computer manage its own resources and enables application software to interact with computer hardware.6. _Device drivers_ are classified under system software and are specialized programs designed to allow input or output devices to communicate with the rest of the computer system.7. Application software can be categorized as either general-purpose applications, specialized applications or _ mobile_ applications.8. The general-purpose application used to navigate, explore, and find information on the Internet is called a _ browser_.9. _Mainframe_ computers are not nearly as powerful as supercomputers, but are capable of great processing speeds and data storage.10. The four types of microcomputers are: _desktop_ computers, notebooks, tablets, and handheld computers.（注：⽂档可能⽆法思考全⾯，请浏览后下载，供参考。