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第二课时Section A (Grammar Focus—3c) 内容分析活动主题:本单元的语法项目是want to be和be going to结构。

学生要了解be going to结构的形式、意义和功能,能够在交际中正确运用be going to结构进行口头和书面表达,更加具体生动地描述人和事物。

教学目标通过本课的学习,学生能够:1.在教师的指导下观察例句,完成任务,了解be going to语法现象,掌握语法结构。

(学习理解)2.进行分组讨论,总结讨论结果,交流be going to的用法及意义。

(梳理整合)3.完成句子(语篇)中的练习,巩固和强化对be going to语法现象的理解和应用。

(内化应用)4.结合生活实际,通过书面练习的形式,进一步运用be going to表达自己的意愿与计划,达到迁移创新的效果。

(迁移创新)教学重点指导学生在交际中正确理解并运用be going to 结构。

教学过程设计理念:Discover useful structures设计思路:本版块的设计遵循“观察—发现—归纳—练习—运用”的思路,践行英语学习活动观,落实“教—学—评”一体化原则,设计“感知理解—应用实践—迁移创新”三类活动,让学生在例句中发现语法,在练习中应用实践,在语境中迁移创学活用语法现象的能力板书设计作业设计基础型作业:Read and recite the sentences in Grammar Focus.实践型作业:Write a short passage to report the results according to 3c on page 43.拓展型作业:Group work. Imagine and make up a story with “be going to”. Each group member adds a sentence.教学反思。

Unit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains达标测试卷时间：100分钟满分：120分第一卷听力部分(25分)一、听下面5个句子，选出与所听内容相符的图片。

(每小题1分，共5分) ()1.()2.()3.()4.()5.二、听下面5段小对话，每段对话对应一个小题，从题后所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

(每小题1分，共5分)()6. What's Amy's favorite story?A. Sleeping Beauty.B. Cinderella.C. Little Red Riding Hood.()7. How did Bob find the way to the clothes store?A. Through a map.B. By taking a taxi.C. By asking a policeman.()8. What does Leo want to see?A. Clouds.B. Stars.C. Rain.()9. When did Maria marry?A. One week ago.B. One month ago.C. One year ago. ()10. What will the man's mother get?A. A box.B. A box of chocolates.C. A dress.三、听下面4段长对话，每段对话后有几个小题，从题后所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

(每小题1分，共10分)听第1段对话，回答第11、12小题。

()11. What's the boy's favorite cartoon star?A. Mickey Mouse.B. Monkey King.C. Sponge Bob.()12. How often does the girl watch Mickey Mouse?A. Twice a week.B. Four times a week.C. Every day.听第2段对话，回答第13、14小题。

七年级下册英语Uint6单元测验卷七年级下册英语Uint6单元测验卷导语：这是一份关于初中七年级下册英语Unit6的单元测验卷，觉得不知道怎么开题的老师们可以参考一一下以下内容，更多相关资料请上店铺。

一.同义词.选出和划线的部分相同或相近的短语或单词。

1.----Can I ask you a question? ---Wait for a moment. I'm coming.A. a long timeB. a short timeC. at onceD. in time2.He will return in two days.A. leaveB. come backC. arriveD. get3. They connect the computer to the printer.A.joinB.carryC.takeD.join in4. He made a foolish mistake.A. harmfulB. sillyC. dangerousD.fool5. The boy is like his father.A. likesB. sounds likeC. looks likeD.look like6. He didn't reply to my question.A. answerB. bringC. giveD. save7. We will have a test tomorrow.A. examineB. examinationC. restD. rule8. Keeping their rooms tidy was her pleasure.A. niceB. ValuableC. neat and in good orderD. successful9. Rule a line at the end of every piece of worksA. TouchB. LockC. ControlD. Draw10. Do you take me for a fool?A. cheatB. silly personC. cookerD. Ruler二.词汇单选1. Electricity_____a wire and it is like water.A. comes fromB. runs fromC. comes throughD. goes across2. Stand____ 1 meter away from the machine when it is on.A. at lastB. at leastC. at mostD. at times3.She_____because she wants to buy electricity in packets like sweets.A. smells wellB. feels worseC. looks foolishD. finds out4. We can't see electricity, but we can___ it____ different forms of energy.A. translate...intoB. change...intoC. flow...intoD. run...into5. Please don't ____, it is bad for your teeth.A. stay upB. flow acrossC. come fromD. eat too many sweets6. These wires ___cables under the street.A. are connected toB. are made up ofC. consist ofD.make from7. What does electricity really___A.likesB.look likeC.likeD.looks like8. Our head teacher is kind to us and she is like our mother, ____A. on the wayB. by the wayC.in a wayD.in the way9. ---Electricity can help us ___ many kinds of jobs. ----Yes,it helps us ___ a servant(仆人).A. with, withB. do; likesC. to do; likeD. with, likes10.Can you help me buy______sweets, please?A. a piece ofB. a packet ofC. a copy ofD. a cake of11.----_______ I swim here? ----I’m sorry. Children _____ swim alone here.A. Must; can’tB. May; mustC. Can; mustn’tD. Can’t; can12.You _____ jump onto a bus while it is still moving. It is too dangerous.A. canB. mustC. can’tD. mustn’t13.They ____do well in the exam.A.Can be able toB.be able toC.am able toD.are able to14.May I borrow your books?-- Yes,you______.A. mayB. canC. mustD. need15.---Look at that man over there.________ he be our teacher Mr.Luo?------He ________be him. He has gone to Beijing.A.May;mustB.Can;mayC.Can;can’tD.May;can’t16. -–My brother won the first prize in the speech competition.-–Congratulations! You ______ be excited about that!A.needB.mustC. wouldD. can17.Some warm-hearted animals ___ hibernate (冬眠)A.needn’tB.does not need toC.needn’t toD.don’t need18.____I go and apologize to my teacher for my mistake?A. ShouldB.NeedC.CanD. May19.--May I stop my car here,sir? --No,you _________ .A.may notB.mustn’tC.can’tD.needn’t20. ________I change the bulb now? --No,you may not. You _______switch off the electricity.A.Can;needB.May;mustC.Must;mustD.Can;must21.Joh n____ come to see us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet.A.mayB.canC.has toD.must22.Is Tom at home now?--He _____be at home,now. Because I _______ his room just now,and he answered.A.must;calledB.can’t;phoneC.may;calledD.must;phoned23.Shall I tell Tom something about it? --No,you ________A.mustn’tB.needn’tC.can’tD.won’t24.My mother is ill.So I ______to look after my little brother.A.mustB.mayC.have toD.should三.完型填空We are lucky to live in a rich country where we have many things. However, most of us usually 1 some things.Electricity is one thing that we waste most. Lights, TVS, 2 and other things are often kept on even whenno one is using them. We should turn them off when we do not need them. It takes less than a second to do it. Anyhow, not wasting electricity save money, because we do not have to care for the electricity we do not use. The second thing that we often waste is water. Fresh water is precious, 3 it shouldn't be wasted. It is only a simple matter of turning off a tap. I am sure 4 can do this easily if he wants to. 5 big waste is food. My mother 6 cook so much food that much of it was thrown away. I told her we had wasted so much 7 . She thought I was right and now cooks mainly what we can eat.It is not 8 to be wasteful. I find there is a simple way of not wasting things. That is to use only whatwe 9 . Do not touch what we do not need. 10 this way we can stop being wasteful.1. A. use B. wash C.waste D.forget2 A. radios B. apples C.bikes D.doors3. A. though B. because C. so D.but4. A. nobody B. something C.everybody D.nothing5. A. Others B. Other C.Another D.the other6. A. planned to B. used to C.was able to D.was afraid to7. A. electricity B. water C. food D.money8. A. right B. fine C.bad D. necessary9. A. buy B. need C.bring D.get10.. A. On B. In C.For D.At四.阅读理解Light and shadow(影子) are friends. They usually go together. We receive light every day. At the same time, we produce shadow.Light cannot shine through you. Your body stops it from passing. There is a dark spot on the groundnext to you. The light cannot reach the dark spot. This is your shadow.At noon the sun shines over your head. Your body stops very little light from reaching the ground.We love light, especially sunlight. Without sunlight, life on earth is impossible. Most of us like to standin the shadow of a tree in summer. But some people are afraid of their own shadow at night. They do not want to walk in a dark street. They do not want to see the shadow, either. But still light and shadow usually go together.1. The sentence "Light and shadow are friends" means ____.A. the shadow produce lightB. the light usually follows the shadowC. they usually get on well with each otherD. when we get light, we can get shadow. They are always together.2. Light cannot shine through you because ___.A. it is too weakB. your body stops it from traveling onC. your body is tall and strongD. there is a dark spot on the ground next to you3. Your body's shadow is long because ____.A. the sun is low in the sky in the morning or late afternoonB. the sun is over your headC. the sunlight is very strong at noonD. your body stops very little light reaching the ground4. It is ___ in the shadow of a tree in summer; so many people like to stay there.A. hotB. warmC. coolD. cold5. Which of the following is not true?A. There will be no shadow without light.B. Shadow is produced when something stops the light from passing.C. We produce light when we receive it.D. Man, animals and plants have to live on sunlight.五.正确形式填空1. It’s _____________ of you to buy such a dress. It looks so ugly (fool )2. The remote control doesn’t work now. I think we need to change the two _____ in it (battery )3.Your room is dirty and _____________. I think you know what you need to do now ( tidy )4. Electricity is very helpful, but we must remember the _____(safe) rules.5.The TV set couldn't work without_____(electrical).6.The film was so _____(fun)that people in the cinema laughed all the time.7.The desk is_____ (make)of wood.8.Remember_____(take)the keys when you go out.9.His dream is to be a _____(cooker)when he grows up. He likes eating.10.He____(reply) to my letter last night. I am writing back to him.六.短文填空Jane’s mother was about seventy, so Jane and her husbandwanted to give the old lady a nice present for her ______(birth). She liked drinking tea, so Jane bought a small _____(electricity) machine for her. It could make tea and then wake people up in the morning.She brought it ____ her mother on her birthday,and showed her how_____(use) it.Before you go to bed,_____ tea and water in it,”she explained to her mother,”and _____(do) forget to turn____the electricity.When you wake ____ in the morning, your tea will be ready.”After a few days, the old lady______( tele phone) her daughter and said,”Jane,there is one thing I don’t understand. Why do I have to go to bed to make tea? Can’t I have tea in the afternoon ____ in the evening?”参考答案：一.同义词.选出和划线的部分相同或相近的短语或单词。

牛津深圳版英语七上Uint 6《travelling around asia》reading说课稿一. 教材分析《牛津深圳版英语七上Unit 6 Travelling around Asia》阅读部分，主要介绍亚洲的旅游景点。

本节课的内容包括三个部分：Part A, Part B和Part C。

Part A是一个关于亚洲旅游景点的短文，Part B是一个关于泰国旅游景点的阅读材料，Part C是一个关于日本旅游景点的阅读材料。

通过本节课的学习，学生可以提高自己的阅读理解能力，了解亚洲的旅游景点，增强对英语学习的兴趣。

二. 学情分析七年级的学生已经掌握了一定的英语基础知识，具备一定的阅读理解能力。

他们对新鲜事物充满好奇，喜欢通过图片和视频等直观的方式学习。

同时，他们对亚洲的旅游景点有一定的了解，这为学习本节课的内容奠定了基础。

然而，学生在阅读长篇文章时可能会感到困难，需要教师的引导和帮助。

三. 说教学目标1.知识目标：学生能够掌握亚洲旅游景点的相关词汇，如temple,palace, lake等。

学生能够理解并运用所学知识进行简单的交流。

2.能力目标：学生能够通过阅读理解文章，获取文章的主旨大意。

学生能够运用所学知识，进行口头和书面的表达。

3.情感目标：通过学习本节课的内容，学生能够增强对亚洲旅游景点的了解，激发对旅游的兴趣，提高对英语学习的热情。

四. 说教学重难点1.重点：学生能够掌握亚洲旅游景点的相关词汇，理解并运用所学知识进行交流。

学生能够通过阅读理解文章，获取文章的主旨大意。

2.难点：学生能够在实际情境中正确运用所学知识，进行口头和书面的表达。

学生能够理解并运用文章中的细节信息，进行推理判断。

五. 说教学方法与手段本节课采用任务型教学法，通过小组合作、讨论、阅读等方式进行学习。

同时，运用多媒体辅助教学，如图片、视频等，激发学生的学习兴趣，提高学生的参与度。

六. 说教学过程1.导入：教师通过展示亚洲旅游景点的图片，引导学生谈论自己喜欢的景点，激发学生的学习兴趣。

Unit 6 Book 4一、教材分析Unit 6 Book 4的主题为Travel, Lesson 1 I’m going to Mount Taishan.本课主要以学生非常感兴趣的Travel为主题，以I’m going to…为主要句型，话题贴近学生的日常生活，使学生能够从自身兴趣出发，在真实的语言环境中，积极运用所学知识探讨话题.二、学情分析本课教学对象是四年级学生，他们对英语具有浓厚的兴趣，课堂发言积极；同时也具备了一定的合作能力.但由于学生的学习水平参差不齐，教师应在课堂上多关注学困生，为学生创设更多的练习机会，真正让每一个学生都有所收获.三、教学目标（一）知识目标1.能听懂会说并认读下列单词：June, vacation, travel, Mount Taishan, back, July, temple, kungfu.2.能听懂会说并认读下列句子：I’m going to…（二）能力目标能口头运用I’m going to…这类语句表达自己将要去某个地方.（三）情感目标培养学生对祖国大好河山的热爱，加强学生对西方文化的了解.四、教学要点分析（一）教学重点1.单词June, vacation, travel, Mount Taishan, back, July, temple, kungfu.的认读.2.运用I’m going to…等句子描述自己将要去的地方.（二）教学难点能熟练运用所学的单词及句型描述自己自己将要去的地方.五、教学准备单词卡片，相关图片，课件.六、教学过程Step 1 Warming-up1 Greetings.2 Free talk:T: Do you like shopping?S: Yes, I do.T: Do you like traveling?出示单词卡：travel.强调字母a发音，描述发音口型等.再次提问后学生回答：Yes, I do.T: I also like traveling. Now I want to share some beautiful pictures with you.图片出现课文中出现的地方，如：泰山，大连，加拿大，少林寺等,并用英语标注地名.Step 2 Presentation1 Leading-in.T: Our old friends are also talking about these places, now let’s listen and look.白板出示课文课件.2 Text.(1) Listen and look.本次不出示英文.(2) Listen and look again, then pay attention to the names of the places.出示英文.(3) T: Look at the pictures, which is not including?白板出示图片练习：泰山，少林寺，大连，伦敦桥，选择未出现的. T: Now let’s say the words again.白板出示：Mount Taishan, Shaolin Temple.出示单词卡：temple.领读，个读.及其他单词卡：June, July.强调发音/u:/; vacation关注字母a的发音等. 再次利用单词卡巩固单词.(4) Listen and follow.关注学生发音的个别问题，及时纠正.(5) Read the text in groups.(6) Role play.小组表演对话展示.Step 3 Practice1 Fill in the blanks with the new words.I June vacation to travel to the Shaolin Temple. Guoyang is going to Mount Taishan. Tom is going to Dalian. Jenny is going to go back to Canada in July.2 Let’s talk.白板出示图片，教师示范并出示句型.T: Summer vacation is coming.-Where are you going to go?-I’m going to go to Taishan.小组讨论后班级展示.Step 4 Consolidation1 Let’s do.我是小记者：调查本组同学暑假去哪里？白板出示句型：Summer vacation is coming.-Are you going to travel?-Yes, I am.-Where are you going to go?-I’m going to go to Shanghai.小组讨论后展示.2 Pictures show about the cities and countries.白板展示城市：大连，北京，上海，青岛等著名城市，并简单英语描述.及国家：Canada, America, Australia, Britain.并简单英语描述. Step 5 Summary利用板书，让学生对本节课所学习的内容进行总结、归纳，并朗读加深印象，对学生的表现予以肯定和鼓励.Step 6 Assignments1 Listen and follow the tape until you can read it by yourself.2 Think about where will you go on your summer vacation and why.Lesson 2 Unit 6 Book一教学目标（一）知识目标1 能听懂会说并认读下列单词：by, plane, ship, train, bike.2 能听懂会说并认读下列句子：-How are you going to go to the Shaolin Temple?-I’m going to go there by train.（二）能力目标1 能够流利地朗读课文对话并分角色进行表演.2 能在图片或卡片的帮助下运用句型询问并回答如何去某地.（三）情感目标通过课文表演、游戏、小组活动等方式培养学生学习英语的兴趣及积极性.二教学要点分析（一）教学重点1 能正确理解新单词的汉语意思及用法，通过录音跟读培养标准的语音、语调.2 能正确运用句型询问并回答如何去某地.（二）教学难点能正确运用句型询问并回答如何去某地.三教学准备单词卡片，多媒体课件.四教学过程Step 1 Warming-up1 Greetings.2 Free talk:师生自由讨论暑假去哪里？T: Summer vacation is coming. Are you going to travel?S: Yes, I am.T: Where are you going to go?S: I’m going to go to Shanghai.Step 2 Presentation1 Leading-in:T: Can you tell me how are you going to go to Shanghai?白板出示几种交通工具：飞机，轮船，火车，自行车等，并标注英语. T: Today we’ll learn about these things. First let’s listen and look.2 Text:(1) Listen and look.(2) Listen and underline the new words.听录音，划出新单词.出示单词卡，领读并个别检查.(3) Listen and follow.听录音并根据课文内容连线.白板出示人物：Jenny, Tom, Li Ming, Danny.及交通方式：plane, ship, train, bike.将两组连线.(4) Read the text in groups, and then show in the class.Step 3 PracticeT: I’d like to travel, now I wants to show some beautiful pictures to you. 白板展示名胜图片：台湾日月潭，上海东方明珠，北京天安门，泰安泰山，青岛栈桥.T: Maybe it’s far, or near to us, so we can choose different kinds of traffic means. Eg:白板出示交通工具：bike, car, bus, plane, train, ship.教师示范句型后，学生小组讨论并展示.Step 4 Consolidation我是小记者！（每组安排一个同学做小记者，调查其他同学暑假去哪里及怎么去？）Reporter: Where are you going to go?S: I’m going to go to Beijing.R: How are you going to go to Beijing?S: I’m going to go there by plane.小组练习后，请同学做小记者访问其他同学.Step 5 Summary回想本节课所学内容，你学到了哪些？你还有哪些疑问？小组讨论派代表发言.Step 6 Assignments1 Listen and follow the tape.2 Talk about with your friends where are you going to go and how.Lesson 3 Unit 6 Book 4一教学目标（一）知识目标1 能听懂会说并认读下列单词及词组：learn, sunrise, August, sea, boy, girl, have a good time.2 能听懂会说并认读下列句子：-What are you going to do at Shaolin Temple?-I’m going to learn kungfu.（二）能力目标1 能够流利地朗读课文对话并分角色进行表演.2 能在图片或卡片的帮助下运用句型询问并回答去某地做什么. （三）情感目标通过课文表演、游戏、小组活动等方式培养学生学习英语的兴趣及积极性.二教学要点分析（一）教学重点1 能正确理解新单词的汉语意思及用法，通过录音跟读培养标准的语音、语调.2 能正确运用句型询问并回答去某地做什么.（二）教学难点能正确运用句型询问并回答去某地做什么.三教学准备单词卡片，多媒体课件.四教学过程Step 1 Warming-up1 Greetings.2 Free talk:T: These days we’ve talked about many famous places, for example:白板出示地方图片：少林寺，泰山，大连等，并简单介绍这些名胜的闻名之处.T: Who can tell us about other places?请同学来简单讲述自己熟知的风景名胜等.Step 2 Presentation1 Leading-in:T: Now let’s see what our friends are going to do there.2 Text(1) Listen and look.(2) Listen and follow the new words.出示单词卡：learn-learn kungfu, learn English…提示学生出示更多词组.August-June, July.关联词.采用多种方式读单词并个别检查.(3) Listen and follow.并划出课文中的问答句.请学生交流划出的问答句，并结合板书完整重点句型.领读板书并请同学展示读等.(4) Read the text in groups then show in the class.分小组竞争读，选出读的最好的小组，予以鼓励.Step 3 Practice模拟旅游.T: I’ve got some beautiful pictures for you.白板出示风景名胜的图片，并提问：T: Where are you going to go?S: I’m going to go to Yantai.T: What are you going to go there?S: I’m going to swim in the sea.学生选择其中一幅图描述自己将去旅游，同桌提问去做什么，再作答. Step 4 ConsolidationT: Now talk about where and what do you want to, then share with us.(1)Talk about in groups.(2)Show in the class.Step 5 SummaryLet’s copy.认真模仿书写.Step 6 Assignments1 Listen and follow.2 小组依据课文内容编制情景剧，下节课课堂表演.Lesson 4 Unit 6 Book 4六、教材分析Unit 6 Book 4的主题为Travel,本单元主要以学生非常感兴趣的Travel为主题，本节课主要通过学生的对话，小组活动等，将所学内容运用到实际生活中，提高学生运用语言的能力.七、学情分析本课教学对象是四年级学生，对英语学习具有浓厚的兴趣，在学习本课前就已经掌握了一些有关的词汇；并能够进行简单的问答.加之本课内容和我们的日常生活息息相关，因此学生更能够积极地把所学知识运用于实践.八、教学目标（一）知识目标1.复习本单元单词，能听懂会说并认读.2.能听懂会说并认读有关句型.（二）能力目标通过练习学生能学会询问并回答去哪里，如何去，及去做什么等问题.（三）情感目标通过一系列的活动对学生进行情感教育，培养学生热爱祖国大好河山的感情，了解相关的西方文化等.九、教学要点分析（一）教学重点1.本单元单词的认读.2.重点问答句的运用.（二）教学难点通过练习学生学会询问并回答去哪里，如何去，及去做什么等问题.十、教学准备单词卡片，相关图片，小动物头饰，课件.六、教学过程Step 1 Warming-up1 Greetings.2 Free talk:T: Summer vacation is coming. Jenny and Guoyang are talking about the vacation.白板出示图片及句型：Jenny: Summer vacation is coming. I’m going to go back to Canada. Guoyang: I’m going to go to Mount Taishan.J: How are you going to go?G: I’m going to go there by bus.J: What are you going to do there?G: I’m going to see the sunrise.请同学展示情景剧，并予以奖励.Step 2 Presentation1 Leading-in:T: Now Peter is also talking about his vacation with his grandma, let’s listen and look.2 Text(1) Listen and look.(2) Listen and follow.(3) Read by yourselves and show in the class.Step 3 Revision1 Review words.(1) 月份：June, July, August.(2) 交通工具：plane, ship, train, bike.(3) 选词填空：Summer vacation is coming. I’m going to travel to Mount Taishan. I can see the sunrise there! My friend is going to the Shaolin Temple. He wants to learn kungfu there! We will both have a good time!2 Review target language.T: We all like traveling, now, if you have a chance to travel, where are you going to go?白板出示名胜图片,请学生回答：S: I’m going to go to Mount Taishan.T: How are you going to go there?S: I’m going to go there by bus.T: What are you going to do there?S: I’m going to see the sunrise.Step 4 Practice: Make a survey.小组关于即将到来的暑假做调查,记录姓名、去哪里、怎么去、做什么等.-How are you going to go to Dalian?-I’m going to go there by ship.-What are you going to do there?-I’m going to swim in the sea.教师示范对话后，小组练习并展示.Step 5 ConsolidationFun time: Read and enjoy.教师领读后请同学分动物角色表演，小组练习后，分角色朗读表演. Step 6 AssignmentsListen and follow the tape about three times.。

第6章货币政策工具1.简要说明货币政策工具的主要分类及其依据。

答：按照传统分类，货币政策工具可分为一般性货币政策工具和选择性货币政策工具。

前者指中央银行经常使用的旨在对货币供给总量或信用总量进行全局性调控的各种工具，后者指中央银行针对个别部门、个别企业或某些特定用途的信贷所使用的工具。

按政策工具影响的目标变量性质，还可分为数量型的货币政策工具和价格型的货币政策工具，前者的调控目标一般为各层次的货币供应量或信贷数量，后者的调控目标为各种期限和类别的资金价格或借贷成本。

按政策工具作用的场景和范围，可进一步分为常规货币政策工具和非常规货币政策工具。

前者一般在经济和金融体系正常运行时期使用，主要起到常规性的调节和调控作用；而后者则主要应用于特定场景，如经济金融危机时期，通常是在常规货币政策受限或无效时起到补充性或替代性的调节和调控使用。

2.简要说明常规货币政策工具的类型与主要特点。

答：常规货币政策工具主要包括：贴现贷款、法定存款准备金率和公开市场操作。

（1）法定存款准备金（率），是指为保证银行的支付和清算，中央银行强制要求商业银行必须缴存的准备金。

中央银行通过调高或调低法定存款准备金率，可以引起货币乘数的变动，从而影响商业银行的存款派生能力，达到调节市场货币供给量的目的。

（2）贴现贷款，泛指中央银行向商业银行等金融机构提供的各种“再融资”工具，包括再贴现和再贷款两种基本形式。

中央银行以贴现贷款的方式向金融机构注入资金，增加金融机构的准备金，基础货币扩张；相反，偿还已有的贴现贷款会减少金融机构的准备金，导致基础货币收缩。

（3）公开市场操作，是指中央银行通过在公开市场上买卖有价证券，吞吐基础货币，进而调节货币供应量和利率的活动形式。

当中央银行在公开市场上买入证券时，基础货币增加，货币供应量扩大，短期利率下降；反之，当中央银行在公开市场上卖出证券时，基础货币减少，货币供应量收缩，短期利率上升。

3.简要说明非常规货币政策工具的类型与主要特点。

uint6-7练习题，unit6重点状语从句，unit7比较级最高级1.Tigers wait _____ it is dark, then go out to find their food.A. sinceB. untilC. asD. because2.--- Hurry up! The bus is coming.--- Wait a minute. Don't cross the street _____you see the green light.A. untilB. afterC. whileD. since3.The teacher speaks very loudly ____ all the students can hear her.A.so thatB. becauseC. sinceD. when4.--- Look! Some people are running the red lights.--- We should wait ____ others are breaking the rule.A. ifB. unlessC. althoughD. because5.I won't go home ________ the rain stops.A. sinceB. soC. until6.Many people like reading newspapers ___ they can learn what's happening in the world.A. so thatB. ever sinceC. as soon as6.We must get a good education ____ we can get a good job in the future.A. in order toB. so thatC. as soon asD. as long as7.We get up early every day_____ we won't be late for class.A. althoughB. unlessC. so thatD. as soon as8.Why_____ you_____ and talk about it on the phone?A. not; call him upB. don't; call up himC. don't; call him upD. did; call he up9.She was_____ angry_____ she walked out and closed the door heavily.A. so; thatB. as; ifC. very; thatD. such; that10.Tony was watching TV_________ his mother was cooking.A. afterB. whileC. beforeD. because11.___Jennifer was reading a magazine, his sister was listening to the pop music.A. WhileB. WhenC. At the time ofD. If12.Yesterday evening I was playing the piano___________ the doorbell rang.A. whenB. beforeC. whileD. until13.We'll go for a walk if it_____ tomorrow.A. will not rainB. isn't rainingC. doesn't rainD. isn't rain14.He was_____ tired ___he couldn't go on working.A. too…toB. such…thatC. so…thatD. too…that15.I don't know if she____. If she____, let me know.A. comes; comesB. will come; comesC. comes; will comeD. will come; will come16.Father was_____busy in working_____he often forgot rest or mealsA. very: thatB. so: thatC.such: asD.enough, as用所给单词正确形式填空.1. When I passed the classroom last night ,I heard someone _______(talk) loudly.2. After graduation from the University ,he got ______(marry) to a girl.3. We will put off the sports meeting if it _______ (rain) tomorrow.4. My brother _______(talk) on the phone when I came back home.5.My sister would like ______(be) a movie star.6.The old woman made a plan_____(go) on vacation7.He is one of the best _____(sing) in China. 8.How ________(luck) that boy felt!9.I'm against _________(stay) here .We must go now.10.I think I______(stay) at home tomorrow.11. He tried _________ (climb) the mountain, but he failed.12. Yu Gong kept ______ (try) and didn't _______ (give) up.13. This beautiful story is about a girl who ______ (be) poor but kind.14. Do you find a good way _______ (solve) the problem?15.My mother always tells me not to give up ______ (work) hard.16.If you keep _________(practice) like that, you will win the race.17. When he ______ (wake) up, his favorite TV show was on.18.In the story, Hou Yi _____ (shoot) down nine suns19. I heard them_____ (laugh) when I pass his house.20.Nobody wanted _________ (sound) stupid.21.Two brothers came to the city _______ (make) special clothes for the emperor.22. They were trying _______ (cheat) the emperor.23.The clever boy made a plan ______ (save) himself and his sister.24. Although it was very hot, they kept ______ (walk) along the way to school.25. The stepmother didn't let her own daughter ______ (do) anything.26. Last year I went to Qingdao and _________( fall) in love with it.27. Unless we do, we _________ (not find) our way out.28. Guo Jingming began __________ (write) novels when he was 16 years old.29.That's better and faster than________(move) a mountain.30. He continued____________ (work) when he was ill.31.English is important. We must try_________(learn) it well.32.I think you should give up_________(smoke).33.We will put off the sports meeting if it _______ (rain) tomorrow.34.Emperor found a good way_________(solve) his problem.35.Neither of ________(they) _______(know) the answer.36. My brother _________(talk) on the phone when I came back home.37.She is a shy girl____(call) Marry who always ____ (hide) herself in her room.38. He said he ________ (can) speak three languages.39.Did you hear our stepmother_______(plan) to kill us?40.No body wanted__________(sound) stupid.41.The two mountains _________(be) very high at that time.42.--Let's go shopping!---That sounds__________(well).43.The pen is_________(make) of plastic (塑料).44.A man__________(name) Yu Gong tried to move a mountain.45.I _______ (have) an exciting party last weekend .46. --Do you know what Tom ____ (do) on Saturday evening from6 to 9?--I guess maybe he ______ (watch) TV or _______ (read) an interesting book.47.She ______ (not visit) her aunt last weekend.She _____ (stay) at home and______ (do) some cleaning.48.My friend , Carol ,_______ (study) for the math test and _________ (practice) English last night.49.The T-shirt is________(make) of cotton (棉花).50. He only laughed at us instead of________(give)us a hand.比较级比较级表示'更……'，用于两者之间的比较，用来说明'前者比后者更……'，比较级前面一般用much, a lot; a little,a bit; even 等修饰，其中much, a lot , even 只能修饰比较级，不能修饰原级。

牛津上海版英语八下Uint 6《Travel》单元教学设计一. 教材分析牛津上海版英语八下Uint 6《Travel》单元主要介绍了不同国家的旅游景点和文化特色。

本单元的话题贴近学生的生活实际，能够激发学生对旅游的兴趣和好奇心。

教材通过阅读、听力、口语和写作等多种形式，帮助学生提高英语语言能力，同时增加对世界各国文化的了解。

二. 学情分析八年级的学生已经具备了一定的英语基础，对旅游这一话题也有一定的了解和兴趣。

然而，学生在语言表达和跨文化交际方面还存在一定的困难。

因此，在教学过程中，教师需要关注学生的个体差异，充分调动学生的积极性，引导他们主动参与课堂活动。

三. 教学目标1.知识目标：学生能够掌握本单元的生词、短语和句型，了解世界各国的主要旅游景点和文化特色。

2.能力目标：学生能够运用英语进行旅游信息的交流，提高阅读、听力、口语和写作能力。

3.情感目标：培养学生对旅游的兴趣，增强跨文化交际意识，提高文化自信。

四. 教学重难点1.重点：本单元的生词、短语和句型，以及世界各国的主要旅游景点和文化特色。

2.难点：运用英语进行旅游信息的交流，特别是听力理解和口语表达能力的提高。

五. 教学方法1.任务型教学法：通过设置各种真实的旅游情境，让学生在完成任务的过程中提高英语语言能力。

2.交际法：鼓励学生积极参与课堂互动，培养他们的跨文化交际能力。

3.情境教学法：创设各种旅游情境，帮助学生更好地理解和学习本单元内容。

六. 教学准备1.教材：牛津上海版英语八下Uint 6《Travel》单元教材。

2.多媒体课件：包括图片、视频、音频等教学资源。

3.学习任务单：用于引导学生进行自主学习和合作学习。

4.板书：用于记录本节课的主要内容和重点知识点。

七. 教学过程1.导入（5分钟）利用图片和视频展示不同国家的旅游景点，激发学生的兴趣和好奇心。

教师提问：“你们最喜欢的旅游目的地是哪里？为什么？”引导学生用英语进行回答。

2.呈现（10分钟）教师通过多媒体课件呈现本节课的主要内容，包括生词、短语和句型。

Unit SixLead-in1 published2 fitness3 support4 leading5 enjoyment6 challenge7 culture8 physical9 goal 10 preparationPassage AThink About It1 Yes, I enjoy it very much. I enjoy watching it because figure skating requires a combination of strength, elegance and grace. We also call it “the ballet on ice.”2 Yes, there are many famous figure skaters in the world. For example, Chen Lu from China, Michelle Kwan from the U.S., Irina Slutskaya from Russia, etc.3 Usually, I would take the difficulties as a challenge and try my best to find ways to overcome them with courage.Read About ItContent AwarenessRead And Think2 Work with your partner and answer the following questions.1 After he won the silver medal, Paul Wylie was regarded as a hero. He suddenly became busy with a lot of activities, such as signing advertising contracts, traveling on figure-skating world tours, being invited to exclusive events, being chased for his autographs by fans, etc.2 It implied that people were dissatisfied with Paul Wylie’s performance and lost confidence in him.3 He answered “daily” because he was undergoing an extremely difficult time in his skating career and it was hard for him to keep going.4 No, he wasn’t. Before winning the silver medal, he was a nobody whose performance at big events was usually unimpressive.5 Open.3 Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the passage.1 F2 T3 F4 T5 T4 Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary.1 clapped2 defend3 quit4 perfection5 interviewed6 survey7 exclusive8 storage9 observed 10 cover5 Complete the following sentences with phrases or expressions from the passage. Change the form where necessary.1 count…out2 be unaware of3 stopped in his tracks 3 at times 5 turn…around6 Find the words in Passage A according to the clues given. Then make two sentences with each of the words you have found.1He was awarded a medal for his heroic deed of saving a drowning child.Britain’s Olympic team returned from Los Angeles with five gold medals, 11 silver and 21 bronze.2 A free shuttle bus runs between the air terminal and the train station. Many passengers were stuck at the air terminal building because of the foggy weather.3 He merits promotion for his excellence in leadership and management. The committee will decide whether the case merits more serious attention.4 The music band played their routines in every city across the nation. The athlete performed her bold and difficult routines with perfection in the match.5 The sudden rise in oil prices has led to an economic crisis in the country.Relations between the two countries have reached the crisis point after rounds of talks.7 Translate the following sentences into English.1 It’s a difficult job, but I’d like to have a shot.2 This is a book about business practice as opposed to theory.3 Social activities never get in the way of her studies.4 It was not until 1911 that the first of the vitamins was identified.5 Despite advanced years, Grandpa helps do housework every day.8 Read and compare the English sentences, paying attention to theiritalicized parts, and then translate the Chinese sentences by simulating the structure of the English sentences.1 From that moment on, 11-year-old Daniel who played the leading role in the Harry Potter movies recognized that his life would never be the same.2 He was a young man who believed that he will fulfill his dream no matter how many difficulties lie in the way.3 It wasn’t until his wife was killed in the accident that he realized how important she had been in his life.4 With fairy tale book in hand, I always felt I was ushered into a world of beauty and purity.5 Just as an athlete achieves perfection by repeated training of a few actions of the larger routine day after day, a good student should make continuous efforts to improve himself on a regular basis.9 Work in pairs and retell Pa ul Wylie’s story. Then share with each other your own story of persevering and achieving success in spite of difficulties.I’d like to tell a story of my own. I was very poor at English when I was in the middle school. Although I spent a lot of time memorizing the new words, I simply couldn’t keep them in my mind. I thought I had a poor memory and I was not the stuff for it. But fortunately I didn’t give up easily. Hard as it was for me, I kept going. I decided to hang in there.Then one day, suddenly, I found I was not that bad. I got first place in an English contest held in our school. And I got very nice marks in the National College Entrance Examination. I think my success in English learning lies in my perseverance. As long as we persevere, we can reach our goals no matter how difficult they are.10 Write a paragraph of around 80 words arguing that goals can be reached no matter how many obstacles lie in the way. You can support your argument with the example of Paul Wylie or an example from your personal experience.No matter how many obstacles lie in the way, you can reach your goals as long as you don’t give up. To illustrate, look at the story of Paul Wylie, an American figure skater. Paul took part in the 1988 Calgary Olympics and 1991 World Championships, but his performance was so unimpressive that after the ’91 World Championships he was advised to quit. Paul himself had frequently thought of retirement, but he continued anyway. He decided not to give up. At last, his perseverance paid off. He won a silver medal at the 1992 Winter Olympic Games at the age of 27 and became an Olympic hero.Passage BThink About It1 Yes, I have. When I was in middle school, I weighed 72 kilos with a height of 1.60 meters. The doctor advised me to lose weight; otherwise itwon’t be good for my health. So I went on a diet.2 I keep fit by going swimming, playing badminton or football, etc.3 I usually eat foods with low calories and fat, and have more vegetables and fruit. And at the same time I go jogging at least three times a week.Read About ItContent AwarenessRead And Think11 Work with your partner and answer the following questions.1 The narrator started to reflect seriously on her weight-loss efforts when she caught her reflection in the mirror at her friend’s New Year’s Eve party.2 She had to combine her love for cooking with healthful eating.3 She felt she was in tune with her body and herself.4 She published a book of low-fat recipes and ran workshops and seminars on healthful eating.5 Open.12 Choose the best answer to each question with the information from the passage.1 B2 C3 B4 D5 C13 Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary.1 deprived2 healthful3 combined4 determined5 lifestyle6 balance7 approach8 solutions9 miserable 10 deserves14 Complete the following sentences with phrases or expressions from the passage. Change the form where necessary.1 out of reach2 in tune with 3set your mind to 4 come off 5 trial and error 15 Translate the following sentences into English.1 Our marriage is happy but we’ve had many ups and downs.2 Many teachers of foreign languages are inclined to talk too much themselves in class.3 The famous actor keeps fit by working out for an hour every morning.4 After a long heart-to-heart talk with him, her suspicion melted away.5 We have no vacancies now, but we’ll certainly keep your applic ation in mind.16 Reread Finding a Balance, and then take brief notes of it. Compare your notes with a peer’s to see whether you have written down the same information.Problem: overweight, 215 pounds at age 18, 330 pounds ten years later Factors: enjoy cooking and eating; diets seemed not to work Feelings: shy, self-conscious, miserable, unhealthyTurning point: it came when realizing why diets didn’t workFinding the balance: healthful eating, cook and eat favorite foods, but make them low in fat, plus exercise17 Combine each pair of sentences below into one sentence by usingan –ing participle and omitting repeated words. Use a comma or commas to set off the -ing participle phrase from the rest of the sentences.1 Walking to the store, we get our daily exercise.2 Squeezing the tube as hard as I could, I managed to get enough toothpaste on my brush.3 Overhearing his remark, I burst out laughing.4 Setting his feet into the starting blocks, the runner stared straight ahead./The runner, setting his feet into the starting blocks, stared straight ahead.5 Cheerfully weighing bags of fruit and vegetables, the produce clerk chatted with each customer/The produce clerk, cheerfully weighing bags of fruit and vegetables, chatted with each customer.18 Combine each pair of sentences below into one sentence by using an –ed participle and omitting repeated words. Use a comma or commas to set off the -ed participle phrase from the rest of the sentences.1Bored with the talk show, I dozed off/I, bored with the talk show, dozed off.2 Crinkled with age, the old dollar bill felt like tissue paper/The old dollar bill, crinkled with age, felt like tissue paper.3 Crowded into a tiny, windowless room, the students acted nervous andedgy/The students, crowded into a tiny, windowless room, acted nervous and edgy.4 Loaded down with heavy bags of groceries, I waited for someone to open the door/I, loaded with heavy bags of groceries, waited for someone to open the door.5 Tired of his conservative wardrobe, Ron bought a green-striped suit/ Ron, tired of his conservative wardrobe, bought a green-striped suit.。

Uint 6 I like music that I can dance to.第一课时Section A一：短语归纳1.sing along with 随着···一起唱2.listen to music 听音乐3.different kinds of 不同种类的···4.prefer···to···比起···更喜欢···5.quiet and gentle songs 安静柔和的歌曲6.has great lyrics 有优美的歌词7.remind ···of ···使···想起8.think of 想到···二：句型归纳1.某人喜欢哪一种···呢？What kind of ···do/does/did sb like?2.某人认为···怎么样？What do/does/did sb think of···？/ How do/does/did sb like···？三：语法定语从句定义：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。

被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词。

定语从句放在先行词后面，连接先行词和定语从句的词叫做关系代词或关系副词。

这些词包括that，who，which，whom，whose，when，where，why。

1. 关系代词在定语从句中的用法①that在从句中可以作主语或宾语，可以指代人或物，当它在从句中作宾语时，可以省略。

②who 在从句中可以作主语或宾语，但是只能指代人。