uint7-12知识点分解

初一英语下册9-12单元知识点（人教新目标）Unit 9How was your weekend一．短语1. play +运动play soccer play tennis play sportsplay the + 乐器play the guitarplay with…和某人＼物玩耍2．have +三餐 have breakferst \lunch \ supper3. study for…clean the room visitsb stay at homehave a party talk show4．go to the beach go to the movies go for a walk go to the mountains5．go shopping\do some shopping \go to the shop 买东西6．last weekend＼over the weekend 上周末on weekends 每周末7．on +某日＋morning\afternoon\evening in +morning\afternoon\eveningin+年＼月＼季节at +时刻last (next) month＼year\week8．what about＋n\v-ing\pren=how about ……呢9. spend the weekend last week 度过上周的周末10．it’s time to do sth＝it’s time for sth该做么的时候了11．look for 寻找．．．．．二，重点句型和语法1．一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,通常与过去的时间状语连用:yesterday ,last week(month,year)（1）系动词be的过去时: am(is) →was, are →were陈述句：He was at home yesterday.否定句：He wasn’t at home yesterday.疑问句：Was he at home yesterday?Yes ,he was./No ,he wasn’t.（2）行为动词的一般过去时:陈述句：主语+动词过去式+其它I go to the movie. →I went to the movie.否定句：主语+助动词didn’t+动词原形+其它I don’t go to school today. →I didn’t go to school.一般疑问句：Did +主语+动词原形+其它Do you have breakfast? →Did you have breakf ast?Yes,I do./No,I don’t.Yes,I did./No,I didn’t.（3）规则动词的过去式变化规则变化规则例词一般在词尾加—ed.play→played以不发音的e结尾的，只加--d.like →likedlove →loved以辅音字母+y 结尾的，变y为i ,再加—ed.s tudy →studiedcarry →carriedstop →stopped以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-edpl an →planned动词不规则变化：do →did have →had go →wentsee →saw read →read get →gotgive →gave sleep →slept eat →atewrite →wrote find_---found2. what’s the date today? It’s …3. What was the date yesterday? It was…4. What’s the weather like today? It’s …?5. How was your weekend?6．What did she do ? She did her homework7．What did he do last weekend ? He played soccer8．．It’s time to go home= It’s time for homeUnit 10 Where did you go on vacation?一．短语on vacation go to summer camp stay at home study for exams Central Park show sth to sb .help him find his father walk back to…go shoppingthe Palace Museum think of have fun doing sth.bus trip the Great Wall Tian’an Men Square.a Beijing Hutong make sb do sth.decide to do sth all day二．重点句子和注意事项1．Where did you go on vacation? I went to summer camp.Where did they go on vacation? They went to New York City.Where did he go on vacation? He stayed at home.Where did she go on vacation? She visited her uncle.2． Did you/he/she/they go to Central Park?Yes, I/he/she/they did.No, I/he/she/they didn’t.3． How were the movies? They were fantastic4．have fun doing something 干某事有乐趣＝enjoy oneself doing somethingWe have fun learning and speaking English .We enjoy ourselves learning and speaking English .我们学英语有很多乐趣．5． find sb. doing sth. 发现某人在干某事find sb. do sth. 发现某人干过某事I find him reading the novel (小说）.I found him go into the room .6． corner 角落，角，拐角处in the corner 在角落里（指在建筑物里面）at the corner 在拐角处（指在建筑物外面或道路的拐角）My bike is at the corner .7． be lost 迷路了＝get lost , lost (adj.)The girl was lost in the big city .8． help sb. (to) do sth.＝help sb for sth 帮助某人干某事He always helps us learn English9. make sb. do sth. 让／使某人干某事 let / have sb. do sth. do 前不带toThe movie makes me relaxing .Let the boy do his homework alone .10. feel+ adj. 感到．．．I feel hungry / tired /happy / excited11. decide to do sth. 决定干某事They decided to go to Hainan on vacation .Uint 11 What do you think of game shows?一．词组1．. TV shows（电视节目）soap opera sitcom a comedy an action movie a documentary a thriller cartoonBeijing OperaAnimal World Tell it like it is Law Today game showCCTV News News in 30 Minutes Man and NatureChinese Cooking Around China talk show Lucky52Sports news sports show Culture China2．write an article for the school magazine.给学校杂志写一篇文章3． a thirteen - year - old boy.一个十三岁的男孩4．wear colorful clothes.穿着颜色鲜艳的衣服5．interview sb. 采访某人in fact. 实际上6. wear scarves. 戴着围巾think of 想起，考虑到二．重点句型1. What do you think of soap operas? I can't stand them.2. What do you think of sports shows? I don't mind them.3. What does she think of "Hilltop High"? She doesn't like it.4. What does Tony think of Tommy? He likes him.5. What do they think of Amanda? They love her.三．重难点解析1. wear (v. 动词) "穿，戴，佩"。

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高一必修一英语知识点1. get sb interested in 使某人对……感兴趣2. the best way of doing sth/the best way to do sth 干…好的方法3. care about 关心;忧虑4. care for/to do sth 希望或同意做某事5. give in 投降;让步6. make camp 野营;宿营7. dream of doing 梦想做某事8. persuade sb into/out of (doing) sth 说服某人做某事/不做某事9. try to persuade sb to do 尽力说服某人做某事=advise sb to do sth10. insist on sth/doing sth 一定要(某事);坚决主张11. make up ones mind 下定决心12. put up ones tents 搭起帐篷13. set /break(beat)/hold a record 创造/打破/保持记录14. have a dream of sb/sth/doing sth 梦见某人/某物/梦想……15. dream of/about... dream a dream16. be determined to do sth 决心干某事 (表状态)17. determine sb to do sth 使某人下决心做某事(表动作)18. sb be familiar with sth 某人熟悉某物sth be familiar to sb 某物被某人所熟悉sb be familiar with sb 某人与某人亲密无间19. A be similar to B A与B相似20. read ones mind 看出某人心事高一英语人教版必修一练习题一)把句子补充完整1. 你把所有的数加起来就会知道You will know the __________ when you _______ ________ all the numbers.2. 我们努力想让他平静下来，但他还是激动地大叫。

七年级英语复习资料〔二〕一、重点句子1. Where is your pen pal<=pen friend> from? He is from <es from> Australia.2. Where does he live? He lives in Pairs.3. What language do you speak? I speak English.4. Does she have any brothers or sisters? <注意：选择疑问句回答是不用yes 或者no>5. What's her favorite subject? Her favorite subject is ……… .6. Is that you new pen pal? Yes, it is. / No, it isn't.7. They have pen pals in the United Kingdom and Australia.8. I like going to the movies with my friends and playing sports.9. Can you write to me soon?10. Please write and tell me about yourself.二、重点词组、短语与个别词的用法1. be from=e from 13. France 〔法国〕---French 〔法语.法国的〕2.Japanese for kids 儿童日语14. Japan 〔日本〕----Japanese 〔日语日本人〕3. Chinese is fun 趣味汉语4. Our world in English 英语世界15.China 〔中国〕----Chinese 〔汉语. 中国人〕5. French for today 今日法语6. live in +地点住在…… .. 16.Australia 〔澳大利亚〕-Australian 〔澳大利亚人〕7. a little 一点儿〔修饰不可数名词〕Little 几乎没有8. like to do sth / like doing sth 喜欢做某事9. on weekends 在周末10. Canada 〔加拿大〕--------Canadian <加拿大人>11. the United States=the USA=America 〔美国〕-------American 〔美国人〕12 the United Kingdom=the UK =England <英国>----English<英国人>注意：Japanese 与Chinese 的复数形式与原形相同city---cities country----countries一、重点句子1. Is there a bank near here? Yes, there is.< 注意there be 句型>2. Where is the …… .? It's ………<注意某地有某物的表达>3. Just go straight and turn left.4. It's down Bridge Street on the right.5. Thank you very much.You are wele.6. Turn left on first Avenue and enjoy the city's quiet streets and small parks.7. Take a walk through the park on Center Avenue.8. This is the beginning of the garden tour.9. Next to the hotel is a small house with an interesting garden.10. Bridge Street is a good place to have fun.11.If you're hungry ,you can buy some food in the supermarket.12. I know you are arriving next Sunday.13. Let me tell the way to my house.14. You pass a bank on your right and then go down Long Street.15.Go down Bridge Street and turn left at NewPark.16.I hope you have a good trip. Thank you .二、重点词组,短语与用法1. there be < is/ are/ was / were>句型的用法2. library-----libraries3.on Center Street <在某条街用on,在左边,右边用on,在拐弯处,在拐角用at>4. near here = in the neighborhood 在附近5. across from 在…… .对面next to …… . 紧挨着………6. in front of … ..在…… .之前------------behind 在………之后in the front of 在… ..前面〔指物体内部的前面〕7. Excuse me.8. turn left / right 左/右转on left /right 在左/ 右边on one's left/right 在某人的左/右边9.on the left/right side of sth 在某物的左/右边10. go straight 向往来前走11. clean -----dirty new----old quiet----busy small----big12. an old hotel 一个旧的旅馆13. wele to………欢迎到……14. take a walk through …………步行通过15. have fun doing sth 做谋事开心16. at the beginning of 在……开始17. arrive at + 小地点arrive at schoolarrive in + 大地点arrive in Beijing18. the way to … .. 到…… 的路19. take a taxi / bus 乘出租车/公共汽车20. go down … .. 沿着…… ..21. 几种问路的同义句：Where is the …………Can you tell me the way to…… ..How can I get to …… ..Which is the way to……… .一、重点句型1. Let's see the pandas first.2. Why do you want to see the lions? Because they're cute.3. Do you like… ..?4. What animals do you like ?5. What other animals do you like?I like dogs, too.6. She likes to play with her friends and eat grass.7. Please be quiet.8. Isn't he cute?9.He sleeps during the day ,but at night he gets up and eats leaves.10. He usually sleeps and relaxes 20 hours every day.二、重点词组,短语与用法1. let sb do sth 让某人做某事2. why ……… .. Because……… ..3. an elephant an animal4. an interesting +名词一个有趣的……5. kind of +形容词有几分It's kind of interesting.a kind of…… 一种 a kind of moviesall kinds of = different kinds of 各种各样的all kinds of books6. be friendly to sb 对某人友好She is friendly to us.7. other 别的〔后面时常跟名词〕词组：one… .., the other … .I have two pens, one is new, the other one is old.What other questions do you want to ask?else 别的,其它的〔放在疑问词或者不定代词之后〕anything else what else do you want to ask?8. like 的用法like 像…… . <介词> be like /look like / sound likelike 喜欢<动词> like sth /like to do sth /like doing sthWhat is he like? =What does he look like? 他长什么样？What does he like? 他喜欢什么？9. play with sth 玩某物play with sb 和某人一起玩10. grass 草<不可数名词>11. be quiet! 肃静！！12. during the day = in the day 在白日at night 在夜晚13. leaf ----leaves14. relax 放松,歇息be relaxed 感到轻松〔主语是人〕be relaxing 令人轻松〔主语是物〕He relaxes 8 hours a day.I went to the beach yesterday, I was very relaxed.Music is very relaxing.一、重点句子1. My uncle works in that restaurant.2. What does he do? = what is he? = what is his job?3. What do you do ?= what are you?= what is your job?4.What does Ann's mother do? =what is Ann's mother?>5. What do you want to be? I want to be a/an ………6. What does she want to be? She wants to be a/an………7. I work with people and money.8. people give me their money or get their money from me .9. I like talking to people.10. I work late. I'm very busy when people go out to dinners.11. I wear a whit uniform and I help doctors.12.Sometimes I work in the day and sometimes at night.13. I meet interesting people every day and ask them questions.14. Does she work late? Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.15. It's an exciting job.16. If your answer is "Yes", then we have a job for you as a reporter.17. Do you want to work for a magazine?18 Do you want to work with other young people?19. Do you want to be in the school play?20. We need an actor today!21. We are an international school for children of 5-12.二、词组,短语与其用法1. want 想要want sth 想要某物He wants a book.want to do sth 想要做某事She wants to go out.2. an actor3.policeman ------policemen policewoman-----policewomen4.wait 〔等待〕--------waiter<侍者>5. 名词所有格〔请看以下例子,认真思量用法〕Tom's 汤姆的my father's 我父亲的the students' 学生们的Lucy and Lily's room Lucy 和Lily 的房间Five minutes' walk = five--minute walk 五分钟的路程6. want to be … ..想成为…… .7. work with sb /sth 与………打交道8. give sb sth = give sth to sb 给某人某物9. get sth from sb 从某人那里去回某物10. in the day 在白日at night 在夜晚11. kind of + 有几分12. thief ----- thieves 小偷13. talk to sb 与某人谈话talk with sb 与某人交谈〔侧重于双方〕talk about sth 谈论某事/某人14. people 、clothes 没有单数形式15. be busy doing sth 忙于做某事Be busy with sth 忙于某事16. go out 外出、出去17. in a hospital 在一家医院里in hospital 在住院18. an exciting movie an exciting job an interesting job19. work hard 努力工作刻苦学习20. meet people 遇见某人21. call sb at + 给某人打22. write stories 写故事23. work for 为……..工作24. work 〔不可数名词〕job 〔可数名词〕一、重点句子1. What are you doing? I'm watching TV.2. What's he doing? He's reading.3. This TV show is boring.4. Is Nancy doing homework? No, she isn't.5. When do you want to go? Let's go at six o' clock.6. What's he taking?7. What's he waiting for?8. What are they talking about?9. Where are the all doing?10. Where do people play basketball? At school11. Is Tina there? No, she isn't.12. Thanks for your letter and the photos.13. Here are some of my photos.14. I'm with my sister Gina.15. Here is a photo of my family.二、词组,短语与用法1. 现在进行时态的构成：主语+ be+ v-ing表示此时此刻正在发生或者正在进行的动作2. do one's homework 〔此处的do 是"做"的意思〕3. talk on the phone4. watch look see read 的大致区别：watch 观看,看watch TV 看电视watch a football game 看一场足球比赛see 看见〔看的结果〕I can see the bird in the tree.look 看〔看的动作〕Please look at the blackboard.read 阅读,读书,读报She is reading a story.5. go to the movies 去看电影6. That sounds good. 那听起来不错7. TV show 电视节目8. at six o'clock 在六点钟9. wait for sb /sth 等侯某人/某物10. all 、also 、often 、never 等副词应该放在be 动词,情态动词与助动词之后,行为动词之前.He never stop talking. I often get up at six.例如：We are all students. The boys can also swim.They all like English. Lions also e from South Africa.12. thanks for sth 谢谢某物Thanks for your letter.thanks for doing sth 谢谢做了某事Thanks for joining us.13. some of + 宾格代词<us / you /them > some of us 我门之中的一些人Some of +名词复数some of the students 一些学生14. in the first /second /next / last photo 在第一/第二/下一个/最后一张照片里15. at school 在学校at home 在家at the pool 在游泳池at the mall 在商店16. be with sb 与某人一起He is with his parents. 他和他的父母在一起.17. with 是一个介词,with 短语不能做主语：请区别以下两个句子：Tom with his friends is playing soccer.Tom and his friends are playing soccer.18. a photo of my family 一张我家的照片一、重点句子1. How's the weather in Shanghai? = What's the weather like in Shanghai?2. It's cloudy /sunny/ windy/ snowy/ rainy/ hot/ cold/ warm/ cool /humid……… .3. It's raining/snowing.4. How is it going? Great / Not bad. / Terrible. / Pretty good. / Just so so.5. Thank you for joining CCTV'S Around The World show.6. There are many people here on vavation.7. Some are taking photos, others are lying on the beach.8. Look at this group of people playing beach volleyball.9. They look cool.10. I'm surprised they can play in this heat.11. What do you do when it's raining?12. The people are really very relaxed.13. Everyone is having a good time.二、词组、短语1. 部份名词时常在词尾加之y 构成形容词：Sun---sunny wind -----windy cloud -----cloudy rain-----rainy snow---snowy health------healthy 2. play puter games 玩电脑游戏3. study----studies-----studying-----studied4. thank you for doing sth 谢谢你做了某事5. CCTV'S Around World show 中央电视台的《环游世界》节目6. on vacation 在度假7. take a photo /photos 拍照8. lie -----lies ------lying 躺9. a group of …… . 一群two group of……… .两群this group of 这群10. look cool 看起来酷look for 寻觅11. be surprised 感到吃惊12. in this heat 在这炎热的天气里13. be relaxed 感到放松14. everyone、nobody 、something、anything 、everything 等不定代词做主语,动词用第三人称单数形式.Nobody knows that. 没有人知道那事.15. have a good time = have fun = enjoy oneself 玩得开心16 hope to do sth 希翼做某事,不可以说hop sb to do sthI hope to go to Beijing. 不能说I hope you to go to Beijing.一、重点句子1. What does he look like? = What is he like? <be like = look like>2. She is medium build and she has long hair.3. Is that your friend? No, it isn't.4. She always wears a red skirt and white shoes.5. Wanglin is the captain of the basketball team.6. She has short curly blonde hair.7. She is a little bit quiet.8. Xu Qian loves to tell jokes.9. She has beautiful long black hair.10. She never stops talking.11. He has curly brown hair.12. He likes reading and playing chess.13. Do you remember Johnny Dean, the pop singer with funny glasses and long curly hair?14. I don't think he's so great.二、短语词组1. medium height 中等个子medium build 中等身材2. curly hair 卷发long hair 长发straight hair 直发3. look like 看起来象She looks like her mother.4. shoes 常用复数He has beautiful shoes, he likes them very much.5. Class Five 五班〔注意大写〕6. the captain of the basketball team 篮球队队长7. a little bit +形容词一点儿Today , it's a little bit cold. 今天有点儿冷.8. love to do sth 爱慕做某事Do you love to play basketball? 你爱打篮球吗？9. stop doing sth 住手做某事Stop to do sth 停下来开始做某事Please stop talking to write. 请住手讲话,开始书写.10. 请比较下列句子,注意have /has 与with 的区别：She is short with long hair.He has long hair.Do you know that man with glasses?<戴>11. a new look 一个新形象12. think --------thought 想,认为He thinks you are right.<变否定>-----He doesn't think you are right.<否定前置>13. do /does/did 时常用来代替前面所说过的动作,使句子避免重复.------Who cleaned the room yesterday?------LiLei did.14. go shopping 去购物go swimming 去游泳go boating 去划船15. nobody 作主语是,谓语动词用单三形式：Nobody knows me.16.一些动词加之er 或者or 构成名词teach----teacher 教师sing----singer 歌手write---writer 作家visit---visitor 参观者report---reporter 记者wait----waiter 侍者work----worker 工人drive---driver 司机注意：在秒素某人的外貌特征时,要区be 动词和have/has ,名词前用have/has,形容词前用be 动词.一、重点句子1. I'd like some noodles.< 'd like = would like >2. What kind of noodles would you like? Beef and tomato noodles.3. What size bowl of noodles would you like?4. He'd like a small /medium/large bowl of noodles.5. What kind of noodles do you have?6. What size of pizza would you like?7. What would you like on the pizza?8. Can I help you? = What can I do for you?9. Special 1 has beef and onions , and is just RMB10 for 15.10. The dumpling and soup lunch special is RMB 10.11. We have some great specials.12. e and get your dumplings today.二、词组,短语1. would like = want 想要would like sth 想要某物He would like a bowl of noodles. Would like to do 想要做某事She would like to make dinner for us.2. potato ------potatoes tomato-----tomatoes 英雄吃西红柿,黑人吃土豆3. a bowl of 一碗 a glass of 一杯〔玻璃杯〕 a box of 一箱/一盒子a bag of 一袋 a cup of 一杯〔瓷杯〕two bowls of noodles 两碗米饭three bags of apples 三袋子苹果4. 多数情况下,名词做定语时〔即名词修饰名词〕,定语不用复数.an apple tree ----------five apple treesbeef and tomato noodles但是,当第一个名词变复数为不规则变化时〔如woman,man〕例外：A woman teacher --------two women teachers <先后两个名词都变复数> A man doctor ------- three men doctors5. a kind of this kind of what kind of three kinds of all kinds of6. what size …… .7. strawberry------strawberries8. beef mutton chicken broccoli9. orange juice green tea iced tea10. house of dumplings = dumplings house11. at the house of dumplings12. dessert <> dessert house13. give sb sth =give sth to sbHe gave me much money.=He gave much money to me.Unit 9 How was your weekend?一、重点句子1. What did you do last weekend? On Sunday morning, I watched TV.2. I studied for the science test.3. What /How about your friend ,Carol? She practiced English.4. How was your weekend? It's was great. / Good. / It wasn't good. /It was not bad.5. How was your mom's weekend?6. You went to the mountains.7. Yesterday, we asked ten students at No.3 middle school what they did last weekend.8. For most students, the weekend was fun.9. I had a busy weekend.10. My aunt cooked dinner for me.11. I read a book about history.12. Do you think everyone enjoys their weekends?13. He sat down and watched the dog play with a friendly black cat.14. He looked for hid dog, but it wasn't there.15. It was time to go home.16. He doesn't want to do anything.二、词组、短语1. 普通过去时态表示过去某个时间发生的动作或者存在的状态,常与过去的时间状语连用,如：yesterday,last night,two days ago 等2. 普通过去时态的构成：①肯定句：主语+ 动词的过去时I visited my grandfather last weeked.②普通疑问句：A. be 动词做谓语Was/were+主语+其他？Yes,主语+was/were ./No , 主语+was not. /were not.Were you at home last night? Yes, I was. NO ,I wasn't.B. 实义动词做谓语Did +主语+其他? Yes, 主语+did. / No, 主语+didn't.Did you clean your room yesterday? Yes, I did. No, I didn't.③否定句A. be 动词做谓语主语+was/were+ not + 其他She was not busy yesterday.B. 实义动词做谓语主语+ didn't + 其他Tom didn't do his homework last night.3. have a test = take an exam 进行测试4. study for … ..为…… ..而学习.5. visit sb 拜访/看望某人6. go to + 目的地go to Beijing 去go home 回家go there 到那儿go here 到这儿注意：home,there,here 是副词,副词前不加任何介词.7. stay at home 呆在家里8. have a party 举行晚会9. do some reading 读书do some cooking 做饭do some washing 洗衣do some cleaning 打扫卫生do some listening 练习听力12. How about = What about …… ..怎么样？What about + v-ing ?做某事怎么样？What about going shopping?去购物怎么样？What about +sth ? 某物怎么样？What about the watch?这块手表怎么样？What about +sb? 某人怎么样？/ 某人的观点意见怎么样？What about your mother?你妈妈怎么样？My mother likes the scarf , what about your mother?我妈妈喜欢喜欢这个围巾,你妈妈呢？13. spend ----spent 度过,花费sb spend some time <in > doing sth 某人花一段时间做某事sb spend some time on sth 某人花一段时间在某事上I spent 2 hours in doing my homework.我花了 2 个小时做我的家庭作业.I spent 2 hours on my homework.我花了2 小时在我的家庭作业上.sb spend some money <on >doing sth 某人花钱买某物Sb spend some money on sth.某人花钱在某物上I spent 10yuan on buying this dictionary. 我花了10 元钱买这本词典.I spent 10yuan on this dictionary . 我花了10 元钱在这本词典上.14. in the middle of 在…… .的中间15. see sb doing sth 看见某人正做某事16.talk show 谈话节目,脱口秀17. for most kids 对大多数孩子来说18. cook ……for = cook sb sth 为某人做…… .My aunt cooked dinner for me . = My aunt cooked me dinner.注意：当morning,afternoon,evening,night 这些名词被一个定语修饰时,前面的介词用on,而不用in ,on 指具体的一天,in 指不具体的某一日.On a cold night 在一个寒冷的夜晚on Sunday evening 在星期天的晚上此外,morning,afternoon,evening,night这些名词前有this,that,next,tomorrow,yesterday这些限定词修饰时,前面一律不用介词.This morning 今天早晨yesterday night 昨天晚上。

NASA Technical Memorandum4435 Hypersonic Lateral and Directional Stability Characteristics of Aeroassist Flight Experiment Configuration in Air and CF4John R.Micol and William L.WellsMAY1993NASA Technical Memorandum4435 Hypersonic Lateral and Directional Stability Characteristics of Aeroassist Flight Experiment Configuration in Air and CF4John R.Micol and William L.WellsLangley Research CenterHampton,VirginiaSummaryThe proposed Aeroassist Flight Experiment (AFE)utilized a14-ft-diameter raked and blunted elliptical cone to demonstrate the ight character-istics of space transfer vehicles(STV's).The AFE was to be carried to orbit by and launched from the Space Shuttle orbiter,where instrumentation for 10on-board experiments would have obtained aero-dynamic and aerothermodynamic data for velocities near32000ft/sec at altitudes above245000ft.A pre ight ground-based test program was initiated to assess the aerodynamic and aerothermodynamic characteristics of the baseline concept and to pro-vide benchmark data for calibration of computational uid dynamics codes to be used in ight predictions. The data reported herein are results from one phase of this ground-based study.Static lateral and di-rectional stability characteristics were obtained for the AFE con guration at angles of attack from010 to10 .Tests were conducted in air at Mach num-bers of6and10and in tetra uoromethane(CF4) at Mach6to examine the e ects of Mach number, Reynolds number,and normal-shock density ratio.Changes in Mach number from6to10in air or in Reynolds number by a factor of4at Mach6had a negligible e ect on the lateral and directional sta-bility characteristics of the baseline AFE con gura-tion.Variations in density ratio across the normal portion of the bow shock from approximately5(air) to12(CF4)had a measurable e ect on lateral and di-rectional aerodynamic coe cients,but no signi cant e ect on lateral and directional stability character-istics.The tests in air and CF4indicated that the con guration was laterally and directionally stable through the test range of angle of attack.Unfortunately,the AFE program was cancelled in late1991.The realization of an AFE ight in the future is possible but uncertain.Thus,this paper documents the lateral and directional aerodynamic characteristics of the baseline AFE vehicle for use in the design of future aeroassist space transfer vehicles. IntroductionAmong the space transportation systems pro-posed for the future are space transfer vehicles (STV's),which are designed to ferry cargo between higher Earth orbits(for example,geosynchronous and lunar orbits)and lower Earth orbit where the Space Shuttle and Space Station Freedom will op-erate.(This class of vehicle was formerly referred to as orbital transfer vehicles or OTV's.)Upon re-turn of the vehicle from high Earth orbit,its velocity must be greatly reduced to attain a nearly circular low Earth orbit.This decrease in velocity can be achieved either by using retrorockets or by guiding the vehicle through a portion of the atmosphere and allowing aerodynamic drag forces to slow the vehi-cle.Studies have shown that lower propellant loads would be required for the aeroassist method(ref.1); thus,payloads could be increased.Future STV's that will be designed to use Earth atmosphere for deceleration are generally referred to as aeroassisted space transfer vehicles or ASTV's (formerly AOTV's).These vehicles will have high drag and a relatively low lift-to-drag ratio and will y at very high altitudes and velocities throughout the atmospheric portion of the trajectory.Before the actual ight vehicle can be designed with optimal aerodynamic and aerothermodynamic characteris-tics,additional information about very high-altitude, high-velocity ight is required.To obtain such in-formation,a subscale ight was proposed whereby a14-ft-diameter ASTV con guration with10on-board experiments would be launched from the Space Shuttle and accelerated back into the atmosphere with a rocket.This Aeroassist Flight Experiment (AFE)would make a sweep through the atmosphere to an altitude of about245000ft with a velocity of nearly32000ft/sec to gain aerodynamic and aero-thermal information and return to low Earth orbit for retrieval by the Space Shuttle.The on-board in-strumentation would measure and record the aero-dynamic characteristics and aerothermodynamic en-vironment of this entry trajectory,and the data would be used to validate computational uid dy-namics(CFD)computer codes and ground-to- ight extrapolation of experimental data for use in future ASTV designs.This ight experiment was proposed because the high-velocity,low-density ow environ-ment cannot be duplicated or simulated in present test facilities,nor can it be predicted with certainty by existing techniques.Naturally,the AFE would require an extensive aerodynamic and aerothermodynamic experimental and computational data base for its design and suc-cessful ight.Present test facilities,in conjunction with the best CFD codes,would provide this infor-mation.For this reason,a pre ight test program in ground-based hypersonic facilities(ref.2)was initiated to develop the required aerodynamic and aerothermodynamic data base.This data base will be used to perform the rst phase of CFD computer code calibration.The experimental results presented herein are part of an extensive ground-based test program performed at the Langley Research Center. Previous results are presented in references3{6.The details of the rationale for the ight experiment areoutlined in reference7,and the set of experiments to be performed is described in reference8.A primary concern for the AFE vehicle is the aerothermal heating on the fore-and aftbody thermal protection system(TPS).Because of these aerother-mal concerns,low values of sideslip angles are desir-able to minimize heating to the aftbody or payload and to prevent large thermal uctuations on the heat shield.Thus,an accurate knowledge of the lateral and directional stability characteristics of the AFE is required.(Lateral and directional stability require-ments for a low lift-to-drag aeromaneuvering vehicle are discussed in ref.9.)CFD codes are not generally used to provide aero-dynamic information for vehicles at sideslip angles. Computed lateral and directional stability charac-teristics for the AFE would require calculations of the entire body at various sideslip angles,thus in-creasing computational time,complexity,and cost. Hence,determination of these stability characteris-tics for the ight vehicle must rely on experimental data obtained in ground-based facilities.This paper addresses the e ects of Mach number, Reynolds number,and normal-shock density ratio(a \real gas"simulation parameter)on lateral and direc-tional aerodynamic characteristics measured on the baseline AFE con guration.Tests were conducted at Mach6and10in air and at Mach6in tetra- uoromethane(CF4)through a range of angle of at-tack and sideslip.During the continuum- ow portion of the ight, the AFE vehicle is expected to undergo normal-shock density ratios of about18,whereas conventional hy-personic wind tunnels that use air or nitrogen as the test gas only produce ratios of5to7.In ight,this large density ratio results from dissociation of air as it passes into the high-temperature shock layer.This real-gas e ect may have a signi cant impact on shock detachment distance,distributions of heating and pressure,and aerodynamic characteristics(ref.10).For blunt bodies at hypersonic speeds,the pri-mary factor that governs the shock stand-o distance and inviscid forebody ow is the normal-shock den-sity ratio.(See ref.10.)Certain aspects of a real gas can be simulated by the selection of a test gas that has a low ratio of speci c heats and provides large values of density ratio.These conditions can be obtained in the Langley Hypersonic CF4Tun-nel,which provides a simulation of this phenomenon by producing a density ratio of about12across the shock.This tunnel,in conjunction with the Lang-ley20-Inch Mach6Tunnel,provides the capability to test a given model at the same free-stream Mach number and Reynolds number,but at two values of density ratio(5.25in air and12.0in CF4).Thus, data for code calibration are provided that include the e ects of normal-shock density ratio.Tests were performed in air at Mach10and through a range of Reynolds numbers at Mach6to verify that aerody-namic characteristics were independent of signi cant changes in Mach numbers and Reynolds numbers for the blunt AFE con guration in hypersonic contin-uum ow.However,the AFE program cancellation ended the research e orts on this con guration.Thus, this paper documents the lateral and directional characteristics of the baseline AFE vehicle for use in the design of future aeroassist space transfer vehicles. SymbolsC l rolling-moment coe cient,Rolling momentq1dSC l=1C l=1 ;per degC n yawing-moment coe cient,Yawing momentq1dSC n =1C n=1 ,per degC y side-force coe cient,Side forceq1SC y=1C y=1 ,per degd model length in symmetry plane,in.M Mach numberp pressure,psiaq dynamic pressure,psiaRe1unit free-stream Reynoldsnumber,ft01Re2;d postshock Reynolds numberbased on dS reference area,model base area,in2(10.604in2when d=3.67in.and4.936in2when d=2.50in.)T temperature, RU velocity,ft/secX moment transfer distance in axialdirection( g.4),in.(1.673in.when d=3.67in.and1.559in.when d=2.50in.)x;y;z axial,lateral,and vertical coordi-nates for AFE( g.4)2Z moment transfer distance innormal direction( g.4),in.(0.129in.when d=3.67in.and0.0979in.when d=2.50in.)angle of attack,degangle of sideslip,degratio of speci c heats of the testgasdensity of the test gas,lbm/in3 Subscripts:t total conditions1free-stream conditions2conditions behind the normalshockAFE Con gurationThe AFE ight vehicle would consist of a14-ft-diameter drag brake,an instrument carrier at the base,a solid-rocket propulsion motor,and small control motors.A sketch of the vehicle is shown in gure1.The drag brake( g.2),which is the forebody con guration,is derived from a blunted 60 half-angle elliptical cone that is raked at73 to the cone centerline to produce a circular raked plane.A skirt with an arc radius equal to one-tenth the rake-plane diameter and with an arc length corresponding to60 has been attached to the rake plane to reduce aerodynamic heating around the base periphery.The blunt nose is an ellipsoid with an ellipticity equal to2.0in the symmetry plane.The ellipsoid nose and the skirt are at a tangent at their respective intersections to the elliptical cone surface.A detailed description of the forebody analytical shape is presented in reference11.Apparatus and TestsFacilitiesLangley31-Inch Mach10Tunnel.The Langley31-Inch Mach10Tunnel(formerly the Lang-ley Continuous Flow Hypersonic Tunnel)expands dry air through a three-dimensional contoured nozzle to a31-in-square test section to achieve a nominal Mach number of10.The air is heated to approxi-mately1850 R by an electrical resistance heater,and the maximum reservoir pressure is approximately 1500psia.The tunnel operates in the blowdown mode with run times of approximately60sec.Force and moment data can be obtained through a range of angle of attack or sideslip during one run by uti-lization of the pitch-pause capability of the model support system.This tunnel is described in more detail in reference12.Langley20-Inch Mach6Tunnel.The20-Inch Mach6Tunnel is a blowdown wind tunnel that uses dry air as the test gas.The air may be heated to a maximum temperature of approximately1100 R by an electrical resistance heater;the maximum reser-voir pressure is525psia.A xed-geometry,two-dimensional,contoured nozzle with parallel side walls expands the ow to a Mach number of6at the20-in-square test section.The model injection mechanism allows changes in angle of attack and sideslip during a run.Run durations are usually60to120sec,al-though longer times can be attained by connection to auxiliary vacuum storage.A description of this facility and the calibration results are presented in reference13.Langley20-Inch Mach6CF4Tunnel.The 20-Inch Mach6CF4Tunnel is a blowdown wind tunnel that uses CF4as the test gas.The CF4 can be heated to a maximum temperature of1530 R by two molten lead bath heat exchangers connected in parallel.The maximum pressure in the tunnel reservoir is2600psia.Flow is expanded through an axisymmetric,contoured nozzle designed to generate a Mach number of6at the20-in-diameter exit.This facility has an open-jet test section.Run duration can be as long as30sec,but10sec is su cient for most tests because the model injection system is not presently capable of changing angle of attack or sideslip during a run.A detailed description of the20-Inch Mach6CF4tunnel is presented in reference14.Just before the present test series,the tunnel was modi ed extensively.Included in those modi cations were a new nozzle,a new test section and model in-jection system,a new di user,and improvements in wiring of the controls and of the data acquisition system.The new nozzle was designed to improve ow quality along the centerline and to more closely match the Mach number in the Mach6air tunnel that is often used to produce data for comparison with the CF4data.Calibration results(ref.15)that were obtained after the new nozzle was installed indi-cate greatly improved ow uniformity near the nozzle centerline.For the present test series,the model was tested on the tunnel centerline.Previously,models were tested o centerline to avoid ow disturbances. (See ref.14.)3ModelsTwo aerodynamic models were fabricated and tested.The models were identical except for size;the base heights(d in g.2)at the symmetry plane were 3.67in.(2.2percent scale)as shown in gure3(a)and 2.50in.(1.5percent scale)as shown in gure3(b). The3.67-in-diameter model is made in three parts| a stainless steel forebody(aerobrake),an aluminum aftbody(instrument carrier and propulsion motor), and a stainless steel balance holder.The2.50-in-diameter model,shown mounted in the Langley 20-Inch Mach6CF4Tunnel in gure3(c),is fabri-cated of aluminum and does not include the circu-lar or hexagonally shaped aftbody and the simulated propulsion motor of previous models that were tested (ref.16).A cylinder protrudes from the base to ac-cept the balance.The acute angle between the bal-ance and cylinder axis and the base in the symmetry plane is73 .The2.50-in-diameter model was fabri-cated to provide an air gap between the end of the balance and the end of the cavity in the forebody; its purpose was to reduce conductive heating.For both models,shrouds were built to shield the bal-ance from base- ow closure.The shrouds attach to the sting,and clearance was provided to avoid in-terference with the balance during model movement when forces and moments were applied.The fore-bodies were machined to the design size and shape within a tolerance of60.003in.Angle of attack(see g.2)and sideslip(see g.4)in this paper are refer-enced to the axis of the original elliptical cone.InstrumentationAerodynamic force and moment data were mea-sured with sting-supported,six-component,water-cooled,internal strain gauge balances.Two ther-mocouples were installed in the water jacket that surrounds the measuring elements to monitor inter-nal balance temperatures.The load rating for each component of the two balances(one for each model size)is presented in table I.The calibration accuracy is0.5percent of the maximum load rating for each component.Test ConditionsThe tests were conducted at nominal free-stream Mach numbers of6and10in air and at Mach6 in CF4.(Nominal test conditions are presented in table II.)The angles of attack for Mach6in air were 0 and65 with nominal sideslip angles of0 ,02 , and04 .Tests at Mach6in CF4were at angles of attack of0 ,65 ,and610 with nominal sideslip angles of0 ,62.5 ,and65 ;at Mach10(except for =02:5 ,where only a negative sweep was performed),the angles of attack were0 ,62.5 ,65 , and610 with nominal sideslip angles of0 ,62 ,and 64 .Test ProceduresBlunt models are conducive to heat conduction through the forebody face during a run,which gener-ally produces a gradual increase in temperature gra-dients along the balance even though the balance is water cooled.Because temperature gradients were not accounted for in the laboratory calibration of the balance,e orts were made to minimize these gradi-ents by limiting the test times.In the20-Inch Mach6 CF4Tunnel,the model was mounted at the desired angle of attack and sideslip before the run.After the test-stream ow was established,the model was in-jected to the test-stream centerline.Data were gath-ered for approximately5sec,then the model was re-tracted.In the air tunnels,the model was mounted at = =0 before the run.After test-stream ow was established,the model was injected to the stream centerline,then pitched to the next angle of attack(or sideslip angle)by the pitch-pause mech-anism.Data were taken while the model was sta-tionary at each position.The balance thermocouples were monitored during each run to assure that the temperature gradient within the balance remained within an acceptable limit.Typical run times for a set of and sweeps in the air facilities were about 15sec.Data Reduction and UncertaintyEach of the three test facilities has a dedicated stand-alone data system.Output signals from the balances were sampled and digitized by an analog-to-digital converter,then stored and processed by a computer.The analog signals were sampled at a rate of50per second in the Mach6CF4and Mach10air tunnels and at20per second in the Mach6air tunnel.A single value of data reported herein represents an average of values measured for 2sec in the Mach6CF4and Mach6air tunnels and for0.5sec in the Mach10air tunnel.Corrections were made for model tare weights at each angle of attack and for interactions between di erent elements of the balances.Corrections were not made for base pressures.Balance-related calculated uncertainties in the measured static aerodynamic coe cients are given in table III.These uncertainties are based on balance output signals related to forces and moments by a laboratory calibration that is accurate to60.5per-cent of the rated load for each component.(See ta-ble I.)For the AFE,the moment reference center is4located at the center of the rake plane.(See g.4.) Thus,moments reduced about the model rake-plane center and reported herein have greater uncertainties than those measured at the balance moment center. The yawing and rolling moments at the balance have an uncertainty of only60.5percent of the rated load, whereas the moment at the rake-plane center also in-cludes uncertainties associated with the forces in the transfer equation.The transfer equation isYawing moment RP=Yawing moment B0(X)(Side force)andRolling moment RP=Rolling moment B0(Z)(Side force)where the subscripts RP and B denote the rake-plane center and the balance moment center,respectively. The transfer distances X and Z are de ned in g-ure4.In coe cient form,the uncertainty1related to the balance calibration for the side force is1C y=6(0:005)(Force rating)q1SThe uncertainty for the yawing moment is1C n;B=6(0:005)(Moment rating)q1dSand an identical equation applies for the rolling mo-ment.These balance uncertainties are su cient for measurements at the balance moment center.How-ever,at the rake-plane center,the yawing-moment uncertainty is1C n;RP=62401C n;B12+1C y X!2350:5and the rolling-moment uncertainty is1C l;RP=62401C l;B12+1C y Zd!2350:5Note that all the terms include the free-stream dy-namic pressure in the denominator so that the un-certainties are less at test conditions where q1is large|that is,at a higher Reynolds number rather than at a lower Reynolds number.The uncertainty in dynamic pressure is63percent.The ow condi-tions for which the present uncertainties have been calculated are presented in table II.Results and DiscussionsThe aerodynamic data from the Mach10air tests are tabulated in table IV.The Mach6results are presented in tables V and VI for air and in table VII for CF4.The test Reynolds number and model diameter are indicated in each table title.The aerodynamic coe cients C y,C n,and C l are plotted for an angle-of-sideslip range at various an-gles of attack in each facility and presented in g-ures5{7for Mach10in air,Mach6in air,and Mach6 in CF4,respectively.Data obtained at Mach6in air( g.6)indicated no e ect of Reynolds number on measured lateral and directional coe cients for a factor-of-4increase in postshock Reynolds num-ber.(Similar trends with respect to Reynolds num-ber were also observed for AFE longitudinal aero-dynamic characteristics presented in ref.16in which a negligible e ect of Reynolds number was noted for Mach6and10in air and at Mach6in CF4.) Therefore,the assumption is made that the e ect of Reynolds number on measured lateral and direc-tional data at Mach10in air and Mach6in CF4 is also negligible.The data are amenable to linear curve ts as shown in gures5{7,for which the ordi-nate scale is quite sensitive.These curves would be expected to go through the origin because the model was symmetrical about the pitch plane.However,as observed in gures5{7,an o set exists.This o set may be attributed to model misalignment or to any small stray signal in the data system that could cause a constant data o set because of the very small val-ues being measured relative to the load range of the balance.For example,if a slight misalignment of the model in the roll direction were introduced during model setup or if the balance location within the model were slightly misaligned,thereby producing a small o set in the center of gravity location(that is,within a few thousandths of an inch)in the side plane(y di-rection in g.4),then the e ect of the large axial-force component on this small moment arm may pro-duce a continuous bias in the measured quantities. For instance,from reference16at = =0 , Re1=0:462106/ft,and Mach6in CF4,the axial-force coe cient is1.382.The yawing-moment coe -cient,from table VII for similar conditions,is0.004. In much the same way as the change in the cen-ter of pressure in longitudinal aerodynamics is lo-cated,forming the ratio of yawing-moment coe -cient to axial-force coe cient yields the moment arm in the y direction,which for this case is approxi-mately0.003in.and thus within acceptable fabri-cation tolerances.A second linear curve,parallel to the data-faired curve,is drawn through the origin in5each part of gures 5{7.Values from measurements and the curve through the origin of gures 5{7are presented in tables IV{e of the slopes of these parallel curves through the origin to represent the lateral and directional stability derivatives should be valid because the data curves are linear through the test sideslip range.The lateral and directional stability derivatives are presented in gure 8and table VIII through the range of angle of attack for which tests were per-formed in each facility.For all test conditions,the con guration was laterally and directionally stable,as indicated by the positive values of C n and nega-tive values of C l .A comparison of lateral and direc-tional stability derivatives obtained at Mach num-bers of 6and 10in air illustrates no signi cant e ect of Mach number on stability characteristics ;a comparison of these stability derivatives with those obtained at Mach 6in CF 4indicates a small but measurable e ect of normal-shock density ratio on lateral and directional stability characteristics.Al-though the numerical values for air and CF 4are not greatly di erent,the data trends in air and CF 4ap-pear to be opposite.(Similar trends were observed in the longitudinal aerodynamic characteristics dis-cussed in ref.16.)This trend is most obvious for C l ,wherein the small numerical values require an expanded scale on the graph.The wind tunnel re-sults in CF 4are believed to be a better simulation of ight data than those in air because the shock de-tachment distance for CF 4is closer to the distance predicted for the actual ight case.(For example,see refs.6and 16.)Concluding RemarksStatic lateral and directional stability character-istics were obtained for the Aeroassist Flight Exper-iment (AFE)con guration through a range of angle of attack from 010 to 10 .Tests were conducted on two di erent-sized models at Mach numbers of 6and 10in air and at a Mach number of 6in tetra- uoromethane (CF 4).The e ects of Mach number,Reynolds number,and normal-shock density ratio on lateral and directional stability characteristics were examined.Changes in Mach number from 6to 10in air or in Reynolds number by a factor of 4at Mach 6had a negligible e ect on the lateral and directional sta-bility characteristics of the baseline AFE con gura-tion.Variations in density ratio across the normal portion of the bow shock from approximately 5(air)to 12(CF 4)had a measurable e ect on lateral and directional aerodynamic coe cients,but no signi -cant e ect on lateral and directional stability char-acteristics.The tests in air and CF 4indicated that the con guration is laterally and directionally stable through the test range of angle of attack as indicated by the positive values of C n and negative values of C l (positive e ective dihedral).In late 1991,the AFE program was cancelled and thus ended research e orts on this con guration.The realization of an AFE ight in the future is possible but uncertain.Hence,this paper documents the lateral and directional aerodynamic characteristics of the baseline AFE vehicle for use in the design of future aeroassist space transfer vehicles.NASA Langley Research Center Hampton,VA 23681-0001March 25,1993References1.Walberg,Gerald D.:A Review of Aeroassisted Orbit Transfer.AIAA-82-1378,Aug.1982.2.Wells,William L.:Wind-Tunnel Pre ight Test Program for Aeroassist Flight Experiment.Technical Papers|AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference ,Aug.1987,pp.151{163.(Available as AIAA-87-2367.)3.Wells,William L.:Free-Shear-Layer Turning Angle in Wake of Aeroassist Flight Experiment (AFE)Vehicle at Incidence in M =10Air and M =6CF4.NASA TM-100479,1988.4.Micol,John R.:Experimentaland Predicted Pressure and Heating Distributions for Aeroassist Flight Experiment Vehicle.J.Thermophys.&Heat Transf.,July{Sept.1991,pp.301{307.5.Wells,WilliamL.:SurfaceFlow and HeatingDistributions on a Cylinder in Near Wake of Aeroassist Flight Experi-ment (AFE)Con guration at Incidence in Mach 10Air.NASA TP-2954,1990.6.Micol,John R.:Simulation of Real-Gas E ects on Pres-sure Distributions for Aeroassist Flight Experiment Vehi-cle and Comparison With Prediction.NASA TP-3157,1992.7.Jones,Jim J.:The Rationale for an Aeroassist Flight Experiment.AIAA-87-1508,June 1987.8.Walberg,G.D.;Siemers,P.M.,III;Calloway,R.L.;and Jones,J.J.:The Aeroassist Flight Experiment.IAF Paper 87-197,Oct.1987.9.Gamble,Joe D.;Spratlin,Kenneth M.;and Skalecki,Lisa M.:Lateral Directional Requirements for a Low L/D Aeromaneuvering Orbital Transfer Vehicle.A Collection of Technical Papers|AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechan-ics Conference,Aug.1984,pp.402{413.(Available as AIAA-84-2123.)610.Jones,Robert A.;and Hunt,James L.(appendix Aby James L.Hunt,Kathryn A.Smith,and Robert B.Reynolds and appendix B by James L.Hunt and Lillian R.Boney):Use of Tetra uoromethane To Simulate Real-Gas E ects on the Hypersonic Aero dynamics of Blunt Vehicles.NASA TR R-312,1969.11.Cheatwood,F.McNeil;DeJarnette,Fred R.;and Hamil-ton,H.Harris,II:Geometrical Description for a Pro-posed AeroassistedFlight ExperimentVehicle.NASA TM-87714,1986.ler, C.G.:Langley Hypersonic Aerodynamic/Aerothermodynamic Testing Capabilities|Present and Future.AIAA-90-1376,ler,Charles G.,III;and Gno o,Peter A.:PressureDistributions and Shock Shapes for12.84 /7 On-Axis and Bent-Nose Biconics in Air at Mach6.NASA TM-83222,1981.14.Midden,Raymond E.;and Miller,Charles G.,III:De-scription and Calibration of the Langley Hypersonic CF4 Tunnel|A Facility for Simulating Low Flow as Occurs for a Real Gas.NASA TP-2384,1985.15.Micol,John R.;Midden,Raymond E.;and Miller,CharlesG.,III:Langley20-Inch Hypersonic CF4Tunnel:A Facil-ity for Simulating Real-Gas E ects.AIAA-92-3939,July 1992.16.Wells,William L.:Measured and Predicted AerodynamicCoe cients and Shock Shapes for AeroassistFlight Exper-iment(AFE)Con guration.NASA TP-2956,1990.7。

Uint 12.单元知识点归纳：1.be supposed to do sth．=should do sth．2.the United States．3.shake hands with sb.4.meet sb.for the first time5.eat the wrong food6.greet sb. the wrong way7.drop by/drop in8..形式主语(宾语)：it9.have a great time on my exchange program in France．10.go out of one's way to do sth.(不怕麻烦地，特地做某事)11.make sb.(fee1) at home12.at the dinner table13.cut …up14.be (get) used to(介词)15.put your hands in your lap16.find+宾语+宾补→find it(形式宾语)+宾补+to do sth.(真正宾语)17.have no reason to be nervous.18.face challenges19.first of all20.give compliments to sb/pay (make) compliments to sb. on sth.21.make a toast at dinner22.make appointments with sb.23.on Chinese New Year24.in a western restaurant25.questions crowded my mind26.to begin with…27.to hold the spoon in my left hand.28.E-mail English29.a new kind of written English30.be used to.save time31.look unfamiliar to sb.32.look like rubbish33.a computer program called ICQ.34.to have online conversations with friends35.be (get) bored.36.in the phrase.37.by the way38.can’t stop+v-ing 39.can't help v-ing40.in the traditional way41.make faces/make the bed/makemistakes/make fun of sb./make good useof/make noise/make food/make money/…42.look like this43.learn sth by oneself44.at the proper time45.send a message to a friend on a mobile phone46.with best wishes47.after all48.be relaxed about sb./sth.49.联系动词：be,get,become,turn,go,sound,look,feel,taste,s mell,grow50.到达：get,to ；arrive；,reach51.each other 与one anothernit 13Rainy days make me sad.I.重点词汇、词组：therefore----so； soft----hard；light----dark；so that----so….that；for instance----for example----such as ----like；no one----nobody----none；to start with---to began with；maybe----may be----perhaps；make food；make money；learn from；at first；kind of；keep out；aim at；for instance；save money；so that；at times；to start with；jump out of；after all；be annoyed with；to be honest；sound like； used to；every time；take off；think aboutII.重点句子1. Rainy days make me sad.2. Waiting for him made me angry.3. It was so sad that it made us cry.4. They spend more time eating their meals.5. They can also help you save money.6. Ad can lead you to buy something youdon’t need at all.7. I had forgotten to bring it with me.8. Someone buys you a gift you don’t want.9. I prefer to receive a gift that has somethought behind..单元知识点归纳：1.rainy days2.make十宾语+宾补(不定式须省to)3.would rather+动词原形(+than+动词原形)4.so that(①表目的；②表结果)；so…that…(表结果)；in order+that 从句/in order to do sth.表目的。

七上英语知识点汇总Unit 1 What does he look like?P11.be of medium height中等身高2.be of medium build中等身材3.look like看起来像4.wear glasses戴眼镜5. a little一点儿；少量（修饰_____和______）6.in the end最后；终于7.头发特征顺序____,_____,______long curly black hair长长的黑色卷发P28.be going to计划做某事，准备要做某事9. a little late有点晚10.in front of the cinema在电影院前P411.big eyes大眼睛P512.an interesting job一份有趣的工作13.talk to sb和某人说话14.draw a picture of画一幅...的画15.put it in newspapers and on television把它投放到报纸上和电视上16.see things the same way用相同的方式看待事物17.another woman另一位女性P618.What does Joe Brown do? Joe Brown是做什么工作的？19.What does she look like? 她长得什么样？P720.Let me tell you what he looks like? 让我来告诉你他的样子。

(疑问句作宾语从句用______)21.first of all首先22.I like her because...我喜欢她是因为...23.be good at football擅长足球24.listening to music 听音乐25.love/like to do/doing 喜欢做某事（两种形式）语法: 询问并描述人的外貌26.He is+______,________. (身高/身材)27.He has+_______,________,________（头发/五官/其他器官）28.He wears....Unit 2 I‘d like some noodles.P91.would like想要；愿意；喜欢P102.What kind o...?f什么种类的...?3.What size...?多大(尺寸/份)的...?4. a large bow (of)一大碗5.May I take your order?点好菜了么？P116.点菜三部曲：What would you like? 你想吃什么？What kind of ...would you like? 你想吃哪一种？What size would you like?你想吃多大份的？7.Would like用法：无________的变化(人称/数)短语：would like sth 想要某物；would like (sb) to do sth 想要（某人）做某事；8.there be结构：_______原则(就近原则)9.西红柿鸡蛋面（可数名词作定语用_____）（单数）P1210.green tea绿茶11.an onion一个洋葱P1312.On sb’s birthday在某人的生日那天13.Around the world世界各地14.The number of the candles is the person’s age. 蜡烛的数量是这个人的年龄。

四年级英语（下）单元知识点Unit 1 My school一.重点词汇：1. first floor 一楼2. second floor 二楼3. computer room 计算机房4. art room 美术教室5. music room音乐教室6. playground 操场puter 电脑8. TV room 电视机房9.garden 花园10. next to 紧邻，在…近旁11.teacher’s desk 讲台12. teacher’s office 教师办公室13. forty 四十14. yes 是、是的15. library 图书馆16. it 它17. homework 家庭作业18. this 这、这是19. picture 图画、照片20. way方向21.welcome 欢迎22. is 是23.my 我的23. our 我们的24. your 你的、你们的（对应词）my（我的）--your（你的）I（我）--you（你）；our（我们的）--your（你们的）；this（这，这个）--that（那，那个）；here（这儿）--there（那儿）；yes（是的）--no（不是）；come（来）--go（去）；teacher（老师）--student（学生）；boy（男孩）--girl（女孩）；his（他的）--her（她的）；二．句型：1．–Where is the teacher s’ office?教师办公室在哪里？-It’s on the first floor.它在一楼。

2．Is this the art room?这是美术教室吗？Yes , it is. 是的，它是。

The teachers’ office is next to the library.教师办公室与图书馆相邻.3．–How many students are there in your class?-There are five. 在你的班级有多少学生？有五个。

Unit 5 Topic1㈠短语总结1.在学校大门口at the school gate2.来学校come to school3.去学校go to school4.上课have class / have classes5.步行on foot6.骑自行车ride a bike/ ride bikes/ by bike / on a bike7.坐公交by bus / take a bus8.坐地铁by subway / take the subway / on the subway9.坐飞机by plane/ take the plane / on the plane10.坐小汽车by car / in a car/ take a car/ drive a car11.坐轮船by ship12.坐小船by boat13.坐火车by train / on the train14.在我们组in our group15.一群学生a group of students16.我们中的三个人three of us17.在平日on weekdays18.在周末on the weekends / at weekends19.起床get up20.睡觉go to bed21.早起get up early22.回家go home23.到家get home24.去动物园go to the zoo25.去公园go to the park26.看电影see a movie / film27.看电视watch TV28.在晚上in the evening / at night29.帮助父母help parents30.做某人的家庭作业do one’s homework31.在学校at school32.知道,了解know about / learn about33.校园生活school life34.一个美国学生an American student35.在美国in America / in the U.S.A.36.许多学生many students/ a lot of students/lots of students37.很少seldom38.吃午饭have lunch39.出去吃饭eat out40.在校期间on school days41.休息一会have a short rest/ break42.午饭后after lunch43.在某人的业余时间in one’s ( my/ his/ her/their…)free/ spare time44.打篮球play basketball45.踢足球play soccer / football46.弹钢琴play the piano47.弹吉他play the guitar48.拉二胡play erhu49.去游泳go swimming / go for a swim50.去划船go boating51.球赛a ball game / ball games52.一年四次four times a year53.听音乐listen to music 54.读书read books55.看报read newspapers56.看医生see a doctor57.去图书馆go to the library58.一周两次twice a week59.见朋友meet friends60.每天every day61.在七点半at half past seven62.一小会for a little while / for a short time63.晚饭后after supper64.吃饭have dinner65.吃早饭have breakfastUnit5 Topic2(二)短语总结：1. on time 准时2. in time 及时3 .in the center of: 在…..中央4 .next to 在什么隔壁,在什么旁边5. at the back of ; 在….后面(外部后面)6. in front of….在…..前面(外部后面)7. behind 在…..后面(内部后面)8. in the front of 在….前面(内部后面)9 .on the left 在左边10. on the right 在右边11. Show sb around 领某人参观12. between …and… 在….与….之间13. from ….to…从…..到…..14. On the shelf 在架子上shelf复数形式是shelves15. do better in sth/doing sth 在……方面做的更好do well in sth/doing sth 在…..做得好be good at sth/doing sth 在…..方面擅长16. at the moment 现在,此刻17. play computer games 玩电脑游戏18. a few 几个19. the Great Wall 长城Unit 5 Topic 3（二）重点短语1.Have a music class.上音乐课2.at ten o’clock 在十点钟3.be over (=finish) 结束4.on+星期名词在星期几5.outdoor activities 户外活动6.work on 致力于，专心于7. learn about the past 了解历史8.it’s time for … 该干…了9.be friendly to 对…友好10. play with sb 和某人玩耍Play with sth玩弄某物11.swim in the swimming pool 在游泳池游泳12.draw pictures 画画14. every Tuesday and Thursday 每周二和周四15.tell sb sth=tell sth to sb 把某事告诉某人16. school newspaper 校报17.and so on 等等18. learn sth from 从…学到…19. hard work 辛勤工作20. thank sb for sth/ thank sb. for doing sth因某事而感谢某人21. run on the playground 在操场跑步 22. watch animals 看动物23. play soccer at school 在学校踢足球 24. read a book at home 在家看书25.have dinner in the school dinning hall 在学校餐厅吃饭Unit 6 Topic 1 （一）重点短语： 在第二层 building has four floors. I am on the first floor.） 2. go upstairs （ adv.）上楼； go downstairs 下楼 3. a moment later 过了一会儿 4. play with sb 和某人一起玩 play with sth. 玩弄某物 5. in front of 和in the front of 区别：加the 的词组表示物体内部的前面 6. on the wall 在墙上 in the wall 7. on the tree （苹果） in the tree （鸟） 8. a model plane 模型飞机 9. play on the computer 玩电脑 （比较play computer games 玩电脑游戏） Unit 6 Topic 2 （一）重点短语 1. 在农村 in the country 在郊区 in the suburb2.一套三居室的房子3.. call sb. at +电话号码 ,4.a quiet double room under 300yuan per month 300元5.house with furniture for a family of three 适合三口之家，家具齐全的房子6.rent sth. to sb. 把某物租给某人 rent sth. from sb. 从某人那租某物 8.on the street corner 在街角 9. keep money 存钱 10.寄信 mail (post) letter 11.see a doctor 看医生 12.month 的复数 months munity service center in our area 15.靠近 be close (adj.) to / close (adv.) to / near / next to (紧靠) 【反义词是 far from 】 16. right now 马上，立刻= at once 17.Children’s Day 儿童节 ； 18.Teachers’ Day 教师节 ； 19.Women’s Day 妇女节Uint 6 Topic 3 1. = take the second street(turning) on the left 2. go across (prep.) the bridge = cross (v.)the bridge 过桥 3. across from 在….的对面 4. on the road 在路上 on/ in the street 在街上 5. on the corner of the street 在街角（比较in the corner of 和at the corner of ） 6. bet ween….and ….在…和….之间 7. walk on 继续走8 public phone 公用电话9. at the traffic lights 在红绿灯处 10. No right turn 禁止右转 No parking 禁止停车Go straight 直走11. be in danger 处于危险之中 12. get hurt 受伤（get 系动词，hurt 是形容词） 13. lose one’s life 失去了某人的生命 14. obey the traffic rules 遵守交通规则 15. a ticket for speeding/ drinking and driving/parking in the wrong place/ making a wrong turn 超速/酒后驾车/乱停车/转错弯罚单 16. make a wrong turn 转错弯 17. keep quiet in class. 上课时要安静。

1How much is it ?=What's the price of it?它多少钱？It is/costs 100 dollars/yuan/pounds.它值100美元/元/英镑2I'll take it.我买了。

3When is your birthday?你的生日在何时？My birthday is November 9th.我的生日在11月9日。

4How old are you?你多大？I'm thirteen.我13岁。

5What kind of movie do you like?你喜欢哪种电影？6What club do you want to join?你想参加哪个俱乐部？7What time do you usually get up?你通常几点起床？8What time is it ?现在几点了？It is seven o'clock.7点了。

9What's your favorite subject?你最喜欢的学科是什么？My favorite subject is English.我最喜欢的学科是英语。

10Why do you like P.E?你为何喜欢体育？Because it is fun.因为它是有趣的。

11Who is your favorite teacher?你最喜欢的老师是谁？Mr. Li.李老师。

12Do you want to take a shower?你想洗澡吗？Yes, I do . /No, I don't .是的。

/不。

13What do you like better?=你比较喜欢什么？What do you prefer?I like apples better.=I prefer apples.我较喜欢苹果。

14What do you like best?=你最喜欢什么？What is your favorite?Vegetables.蔬菜。

Unit 6 Topic 11．(一)重点短语:2．o.th.secon.floo.在第二层.Th.buildin.ha.fou.floors..a.o.th.firs.floor.)3．go upstairs( adv.)上楼; go downstairs 下楼4．pla.wit.s.和某人一起.pla.wit.sth.玩弄某物5．in front of 和in the front of 区别: 加the的词组表示物体内部的前面6．on the wall 在墙上in the wall7．on the tree (苹果) in the tree (鸟)8．a model plane 模型飞机9．play on the computer 玩电脑(比较play computer games 玩电脑游戏)(二)重点句型:1.Ther.b.句.(翻译出来是“在某地有某物”，表示一种客观存在，而have表主观拥有，其主语是人。

结.Ther.b..主语+介词短语，注意就近原则)肯定句: There is a computer in your study.否定句: There isn’t a computer in your study.一般疑问句: -- Is there a computer in your study--Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t.特殊疑问句: What’s in your study★问数量: How many computers are there in your study【注】.o.th.table.(此处虽然是k,但是由于是不可数名词，be动词还是用is)变为否定句: There isn’t any milk on the table.★就近原则: There is a lamp , a computer, some books and so on.有一盏灯、一台电脑和一些书等等。

Uint1robot ['rəʊbɑːt] ['rəʊbɒt] n. 机器人won't [wəʊnt] =will notthey’ll=they willeverything ['evriθɪŋ] pron. 每件事情paper ['peɪpə（r）] n.纸；纸张use[juːz]v. 用,使用less [les] adj.（little的比较级）较少;较小fewer[fjuː ə（r）] adj.（few的比较级）较少的;较小数pollution[pə'luːʃən]n. 污染tree[triː]n.树 ;树木she'll=she willbuilding ['bɪldɪŋ]n. 建筑物;房屋astronaut[ˈæstrənɑːt][ˈæstrənɔːt]n.宇航员; 航天员rocket [ˈrɑːkɪt] [ˈrɒkɪt] n.火箭space[speɪs] n. 空间；太空space station 太空站fly [flaɪ]v.飞行took [tʊk]v.take的过去式moon[muːn]n.月球,月亮I'll= I willfall[fɔːl]v.落下;跌落;变为fell[fel] v.fall的过去式fall in love with 爱上alone [ə'ləʊn]adj. 单独地；孤独地pet [pet]n.宠物parrot['pærət]n.鹦鹉probably ['prɑːbəbli]['prɒbəbli]adv. 大概；或许go skating 去滑冰suit[suːt][sjuːt]n.一套衣服be able to能够……得以……dress [dres] v. 穿衣casually['kæʒuəli] adv.非正式地；随意地which[wɪtʃ]pron.哪个,哪几个even['iːvən]adj.甚至the World Cup 世界杯wrote[rəʊt]v. write的过去式myself[maɪ'self]pron.（反身代词）我自己；我本人interview ['ɪntə(r)vjuː]n.面试; 面谈predict [prɪ'dɪkt]v.预报;预言future ['fjuːtʃə(r)] n. 将来;未来prediction [prɪ'dɪkʃən]n.预言；预测came[keɪm]e的过去式come true 实现；达到sound [saʊnd]n. 声音company['kʌmp(ə)ni]n.公司thought[θɔːt]v. think 的过去式fiction['fɪkʃ(ə)n] n.小说unpleasant[ʌn'plez(ə)nt] adj. 使人不愉快的scientist[ˈsaɪəntɪst] n. 科学家in the future未来；将来however[haʊˈevə(r) ]conj.可是；然而hundred['hʌndrəd] n. 一百hundreds of好几百；许许多多already[ɔːl'redi] adv.早已；先前made[meɪd] v.make的过去式factory['fæktəri] v.工厂simple['sɪmp(ə)l] adj.简单的；简易的such[sʌtʃ] adj.这样的；这种bored[bɔː(r)d] adj.厌烦的；厌倦的everywhere['evri.weə(r)]adv.各地；各处human['hjuːmən] n.人；人类shape[ʃeɪp] n.外形；形状huge[hjuːdʒ] n.巨大的；极大的earthquake['ɜː(r)θ.kweɪk] n.地震snake[sneɪk] n.蛇look for寻找possible['pɒsəb(ə)l]adj.可能的electric[ɪ'lektrɪk] adj.电的；导电的toothbrush['tuːθ.brʌʃ] n.牙刷seem[siːm] v.像是；似乎impossible[ɪm'pɒsəb(ə)l] adj. 不可能的；不会发生的housework[ɪm'pɒsəb(ə)l] n. 家务；家务事rating['reɪtɪŋ] n.级别；等级Unit2keep out 不让……进入play[pleɪ] v.播放loud [laʊd] adj. 高声的;大声的argue ['ɑː(r)ɡju] v. 辩论;争吵wrong[rɒŋ]adj. 错误的;有毛病的;不适合的What’s wrong ?怎么了？style[staɪl] n. 风格out of style不时髦的；过时的could [kʊd] modal v. can 的过去时should[ʃʊd] v.应该call sb.up 打电话给……ticket['tɪkɪt] n.票,入场券surprise [sə(r)'praɪz] v.使惊奇,使意外on the phone用电话交谈；在通话What’s the matter?怎么了？pay for 付款part-time job 兼职工作either ['aɪðə(r)] adj. 任一的;(两方中的)每一方的bake[beɪk] v. 烘;烤Teen Talk 青少年论坛（节目名称）tutor['tjuːtə(r)] n. 家庭教师original[ə'rɪdʒɪnəl]adj.新颖的the same as 与…同样的in style 时髦的;流行的haircut['heə(r).kʌt] n.理发；发型except[ɪk'sept] prep.除；把…除外fail[feɪl] v.失败get on 相处;进展didn’t=did notcouldn’t =could notfootball ['fʊtbɔːl]n.足球until [ən'tɪl]conj.直到…才fit [fɪt] v.适合;适应as …as possible 尽可能pressure['preʃə(r)]n.压,压力complain[kəm'pl eɪ] v.抱怨；控诉include[ɪn'kluːd]v. 包含,包括all kinds of 各种,许多compare [kəm'peə] v.比较crazy[ˈkreɪzɪ]adj疯狂的；狂热的themselves [ðəm'selvz] pron. （反身代词）他[她、它]们自己adult[ˈædʌlt] n. 成年人on the one hand(在)一方面organized ['ɔː(r)ɡənaɪzd]adj.有组织的on the other hand (在) 另一方面freedom['friːdəm] n. 自由Unit3UFO /juːefˈəʊ/ abbr.(=Unidentified Flying Object) 不明飞行物；飞碟barber /bɑː(r)bə(r)/ n. (为男子服务的) 理发师barber shop 理发店bathroom /'bæθ.rum//'bɑːθ.rum/ n. 卧室；盥洗室bedroom /bedrum/ n. 卧室；寝室kitchen /kitʃ(ə)n/ n. 厨房get out 出去；离开cut /kʌt/ v.剪；切；割alien /'eɪliən/ n. 从另一个世界的生物；外星人bought v. buy的过去式land /lænd/ v. 着陆got /ɡɑːt/ , /ɡɒt/ v. get的过去式shirt /ʃɜː(r)t/ n. 衬衫；衬衣take off 起飞while /waɪl/ conj. 当……的时候experience /ɪk'spɪəriəns/ n. 经历；体验around /ə'raʊnd/ adv. 大约strange /strange/ adj. 奇怪的；陌生的follow /'fɑːləʊ]/ /'fɒləʊ/ v. 跟随追随amazing /amazing/ adj. 令人惊异的kid / kɪd / v. 开玩笑；戏弄；欺骗scared /skerd/ /skeə(r)d/ adj. 恐惧的climb /klaɪm/ v. 攀登；爬jump /dʒʌmp/ v. 跳跃shout /ʃaʊt/ v. 呼喊呐喊rode v. ride的过去式cat n. 猫train station 火车站ranran away 逃跑；跑掉anywhere /'eniwer/ /eniweə/ adv. 任何地方met /met/ v. meet的过去式come in 进来happen /'hæpən/ v. 发生accident /'æksɪdənt/ n. 发生Beijing Internationnal Airport 北京国际机场plane /pleɪn/ n. 飞机heard v. hear的过去式modern /'maːdərn/ /mɒdn/ adj. 现代的；现代化的kill /kɪl/ v. 杀死；致死Memphis 孟菲斯（美国田纳西州西南部一城市）murder /'məː(r)də(r)/ v. n.谋杀；凶杀hear about 听说bright /braɪt/ adj. 明亮的；发亮的playground /'pleɪɡraʊnd/ n. 运动场；操场bell /bel/ n. 钟；铃；门铃rang v. ring的过去式told v. tell的过去式close /kləʊz/ v.关闭silence /'saɪləns/ n. 寂静；沉默take place 发生recent /'riːs(ə)nt/ adj. 最近的；近来的World Trade Center 世界贸易中心destroy /dɪs'trɒɪ/ v.破坏；毁坏terrorist /'terərɪst/ n. 恐怖分子meaning /'miːnɪŋ/ n. 意思；含义as...as 像….(一样)became v. become的过去式flight /flaɪt/ n. 航班；班机earth / əː(r)θ/ n.地球hero /'hɪərəʊ/ n. 英雄flew v. fly的过去式tragedy /ˈtrædʒɪdi/ n.悲剧Ted 特德（男名）Davy 戴维（男名）Martin Luther King 马丁. 路德.金Robert Allen 罗伯特.艾伦Unit4ever ['evə(r)] adv.曾经；永远mad [mæd] adj. 疯狂的；狂热的anymore [eni'mɔː(r)] adv. 再；还；今后snack [snæk] n. 小吃direct [dɪ'rekt] speech 直接引语reported speech 间接引语first of all 首先message ['mesɪdʒ] n. 消息；信息pass on 传递suppose [sə'pəʊz] v. 假定；认为；期望be supposed to 被期望或被要求…hard-working [.hɑː(r)d 'wɜː(r)kɪŋ] adj. 勤勉的；努力工作的do well in 在……方面做得好grandpa ['ɡrænpɑː] n. 爷爷；外祖父in good health 身体健康report card 成绩单nervous ['nɜː(r)vəs] adj. 神经紧张的；不安的envelope ['envələʊp] n. 信封luckily ['lʌkɪlɪ] adv.幸运地semester [sɪ'mestə(r)] n. 学期worst [wɜː(r)st] adj. bad的最高级true [truː] adj.真实的disappointing [.dɪsə'pɔɪntɪŋ] adj.使人失望的；令人扫兴的lucky ['lʌkɪ] adj.幸运的copy ['ka:pɪ] , ['kɒpɪ] v. 复制；抄袭hers [hɜː(r)z] pron. （名词性物主代词）她的own [əʊn] adj. 自己的get over 克服；恢复；原谅village [ˈvɪlɪdʒ] n. 乡村Peking [ˈpi:kɪŋ] University 北京大学graduate /'ɡrædʒueɪt/ n. (大学)毕业生volunteer /vɑːlən'tɪr]/ /.vɒlən'tɪə(r)/ n. 志愿者the Ministry of Education 教育部Chinese Young Pioneer /.paɪə'nɪr/ /.paɪə'nɪə(r)/中国少年先锋队rural /'rʊərəl/ adj. 乡下的；乡村的area /'erɪə/, /'eəriə/ n. 地区；地域meter /'miːtə(r)/n. 米；公尺sea level / 'levəl/ 海平面thin /θɪn/ adj. 稀薄的ate / eɪt/, /et/ v. eat的过去式fortunately /'fɔː(r)tʃənətli/ adv. 幸运地decision /dɪ'sɪʒən/ n.决定；决心husband/'hʌzbənd/ n.丈夫dormitory /'dɔ:rmɪtɔ:ri/ , /'dɔːmɪtəri/ 宿舍senior /'siːniə(r) high school 高中open up 打开start /stɑː(r)t/ n. 开始；开端influence /'ɪnfluəns/ n. 影响hometown /'həʊmtɑʊn/ n. 家乡；故乡greenpeace /'ɡri:npi:s/ “绿色和平”组织care for 照料；照顾border /'bɔː(r)də(r)/ n. 边界；边境UNICEF /'juːnɪ.sef/ abbr.(=United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund)联合国儿童基金会WWF abbr. (=World wildlife Fund) 世界野生动物基金会danger /'deɪndʒə(r)/ n. 危险Lana /'lɑːn ə/ 拉娜Marcia /' maːʃɪə/ 马西娅Ben /ben/ 本Scott /skɔt/ 斯科特Alan /'ælən /艾伦Unit 5jeans [dʒinz] n. 牛仔裤organize ['ɔrɡə.naɪz] v. 组织flower['flaʊə(r)] n. 花agent ['eɪdʒənt] n. 代理人；代理商against [ə'genst] prep. 反对;违反charity['tʃærɪtɪ] n. 慈善事业;慈善机构chance[tʃæns] [tʃɑːns] n. 机会,机遇injured ['ɪndʒə(r)d] adj. 受伤的;受损害的sincerely [sɪn'sɪrli] [sɪn'sɪə(r)lɪ]adv. 真诚地lawyer ['lɔːjə(r)] n.律师tonight[tə'naɪt] n.今晚mobile[ˈməʊb(ə)l] phone移动电话Unit6collect[kə'lekt] v. 收集,收藏;shell [ʃel] n.贝壳marathon ['merə.θɑn] ['mærəθ(ə)n] n.（体育比赛中）马拉松赛pair[per] [peə(r)] n. 一对,一双since [sɪns] prep.自...以来,从...至今raise [reɪz] v.筹集several[ˈsevərəl] adj. 几个的；数个的skater [ˈskeɪtə（r）] n. 溜冰者stamp [stæmp] n. 邮票kite [kaɪt] n. 风筝monster[ˈm ɒ nstə] n. 怪物，妖怪globe [ɡləʊ b] n. 球状物；球体anyone [ˈenɪwʌn] pron. 任何人store [stɔ:] v. 储存cake [keɪk] n. 蛋糕；糕、饼类食品particularly [pə（r）ˈtɪkjuləlɪ] adv. 特别，尤其，异乎寻常的collector [kəˈlektə（r）] n.收藏家common [ˈk ɒ mən] adj. 共同的；公共的extra [ˈekstrə] adj. 额外的coin [kɔɪn] n. 钱币；硬币topic [ˈtɒ pɪk] n. 话题,主题been [bi:n] v. be的过去分词writer [ˈraɪt ə（r）] n. 作家；作者capital [ˈ kæpɪtl] n. 省会；首都European [.jʊ(ə)rə'piːən] adj. 欧洲的；欧洲人的Russian ['rʌʃ (ə)n] adj. 俄罗斯的；俄罗斯人的Australian [ɒ 'streɪliən] adj. 澳大利亚(人)的n. 澳大利亚人Jewish /｀dʒu:ɪʃ/ adj..犹太人的;犹太教徒的Jew /dʒu:/ n. 1.犹太教徒2.犹太人thousand /｀θaʊzənd/ n.一千，一千个emperor /｀empərə/n.皇帝, 君主foreigner /｀fɔrinə/n.外国人quite /kwait/ adv有几分; 颇; 相当certain /｀sə:tn/ adj.无疑的, 肯定的Unit7mind /maind/v 介意; 在乎; 反对yard /jɑ:d/ n.院子dish /diʃ/ n盘, 碟task [tɑ:sk] n. （尤指艰巨或令人厌烦的）任务，工作poster[｀pəustə] n. 招贴, 海报waitress[｀weɪtrɪs] n. (女)服务员,(女)侍应生brought [brɔ:t] bring的过去式和过去分词clothing[｀kləuðiŋ] n. 衣服,（尤指某种）服装solution[sə｀lu:ʃən] n. 解决, 解答, 解决办法line[lain] n. 排，列，队annoy[ə｀nɔɪ] vt.使烦恼, 使恼怒annoyed[ə｀nɔɪd] adj.恼怒的；生气的；烦恼的polite [pə｀lait] adj. 有礼貌的, 客气的perhaps [pə｀hæps] adv. 或许, 大概, 可能door [dɔː] n. 门return [ri｀tə:n] vi. 返回, 回来，恢复vt. 还, 归还, 退回voice[vɔɪs] n. 声音term [tɜː(r)m]n.术语etiquette ['etɪket] ['etɪkət]n.礼仪,礼节normal['nɔː(r)məl] adj.正常的；正规的behavior[bɪ'heɪvjə(r)] n.行为；举止，表现Asian['eɪʃən] adj. 亚洲的；亚洲人的Europe['jʊərəp] n. 欧洲uncomfortable [ʌn'kʌmfə(r)təb(ə)l] adj. 不舒服的impolite[.ɪmpə'laɪt] adj. 无理的；粗鲁的allow[ə'laʊ] v. 允许；承认public['pʌblɪk] n. 公众cough [kɒf] v. 咳嗽sneeze[sniːz] v. 打喷嚏politely[pə'laɪtli] adv.smoke[sməʊk] v. 抽烟；吸烟cigarette[.sɪɡə'ret] n.香烟criticize ['krɪtɪsaɪz]v.批判careful ['keəfəl] adj. 当心；小心drop [drɑ:p] [drɒp] v.扔；丢litter['lɪtə(r)] n. 垃圾behave[biˈheɪv] v. 举止；表现Unit 8suggestion /səɡ'dʒestʃən] /，/sə'dʒestʃən/, n. 建议, 意见comment / 'kɑ：ment/ ，/ 'kɒment / n.评论, 意见, 解释album / 'ælbəm] / .n. 粘贴簿, 集邮簿, 相册，影集，personal / 'pɜ:(r)sənəl / adj.个人的; 私人的special /speʃəl / adj. 特殊的, 特别的2. 专门的receive /rɪ'si:v/ vt. & vi 收到, 接到gave /ɡeiv/ v. give的过去式guy [ɡai] n. 家伙,spider /'spaɪdə(r)/ n. 蜘蛛mouse /maʊs/ n. 老鼠hamster /'hæmstə(r)/ n.仓鼠turtle /tɜ：(r)tl/ n. 海龟child [tʃaɪld] . n.小孩, 儿童pig /piɡ/ n. 猪advantage [əd'væntɪdʒ] ，/əd'vɑntɪdʒ/ n 有利条件、益处disadvantage /dɪsəd'væntɪdʒ/ ，/dɪsəd'vɑntɪdʒ/ n. 不利因素trendy : ['trendi] adj. 时髦的,赶时髦的perfect /'pɜ(r)fɪkt/ adj. 完美的, 完善的, 理想的rabbit /ræbit/ n. 兔、野兔clean /kli:n/ adj. 清洁的, 干净的;cost /kɒst/ vt. 花费价值asleep /ə'sli:p/ adj. 睡着的choose /tʃu:z/ vt. 选择present /`prezənt/ n. 礼物open. /'əʊpən/ vt. & vi 打开later ['leɪtə(r)] adv.1. 以后,后来;晚些时候given UK: ['ɡɪvən] v. give 的过去分词give away 赠送；分发bench [bentʃ] n. 长凳；长椅rather US: ['ræðər] UK: ['rɑːðə] than 胜于Sweden ['swi:dən] n. 瑞典instead [ɪn'sted] 代替；而不是enter ['entə(r)] v. 参加；进入nearly ['nɪəli] adv.几乎,差不多sang [sæŋ] sing的过去式clearly ['klɪəli] adv. 清楚地,清晰地;条理清楚地stage [steɪdʒ] n.舞台;native ['neɪtɪv] adj. 本地的；本国的winner ['wɪnə(r)] n.. 胜利者;modest ['mɒdɪst] adj.谦虚的,Interested ['ɪntrəstɪd] adj. 对…感兴趣的,有趣味的encourage [ɪn'kʌrɪdʒ] v. 鼓励spokesperson ['spəʊks.pɜː(r)s(ə)n] n.. 发言人,代言人progress [prəʊ'ɡres] n. 进步；前进the Olympic Committee [kə'mɪti] 奥委会hear of听说suggest [sə'dʒest] v. 建议；提议take an interest in 对……感兴趣besides [bɪ'saɪdz] prep. 而且；除……之外make friends with与……交友statement ['steitmənt] n. 陈述,声明,mention ['men ʃən] v.说到,提及drive [draiv]v 开车,驾驶33333Unit1amusement [ə'mjuːzmənt] n. 娱乐,消遣neither ['naɪðər] ，['niːðə(r)] adv.,adj. & pron.(二者) 都不have a great time 玩的愉快Disneyland [dɪznɪlænd] 迪斯尼乐园Mickey Mouse [,mɪkɪ’maʊs] 米老鼠Donald Duck [.dɑːnəld, dɒnəld 'dʌk] 唐老鸭character ['kærɪktə(r)] n.人物；角色seen [siːn] v. see 的过去分词theme [θiːm] n.主题attraction [ə'trækʃ(ə)n] n.有吸引力的事情（或人）roller coaster [ ‘rəʊlə (r),kəʊstə( r)] 过山车cruise [kruːz] n. 巡游；巡航board [bɔː(r)d] n.甲板route [ruːt] n. 路线island ['aɪlənd] n. 岛；岛屿especially [ɪ'speʃəlɪ] adv. 特别；尤其exchange [ɪks'tʃeɪndʒ] student 交换生attendant [ə'tendənt] n. 服务生discover [dɪ'skʌvə(r)] v.发觉；发现requirement [rɪ'kwaɪrmənt] , [rɪ'kwaɪə(r)mənt] n.要求；必要条件guide [ɡaɪd] n.导游film [fɪlm] n.电影southeast [.saʊθ'iːst] n. 东南adj. 东南的wonderful ['wʌndə(r)fəl] adj. 极好的；绝妙的holiday ['hɑːlədeɪ] , ['hɒlɪdeɪ] n. 假日；假期；节日quarter ['kwɔː(r)tə(r)] n 四分之一，一刻钟population [.pɑːpjʊ'leɪʃ(ə)n] [.pɒpjʊ'leɪʃ(ə)n] n. 人口fear [fɪr] [fɪə] v. 害怕，担心brave [breɪv] adj. 勇敢地，无畏的excellent ['eksələnt] adj. 卓越的，极好的Indian ['ɪndiən] adj. 印度的；印度人的Night Safari [sə'fɑːrɪ] （新加坡）夜间野生动物园dark [dɑː(r)k] adj. 黄昏，黑暗daytime ['deɪtaɪm] n. 白天；日间wake [weɪk] v. 醒来；唤醒fox [fɑːks] [fɒks] n. 狐狸natural ['nætʃərəl] adj. 自然地；自然界的environment [ɪn'vaɪrənmənt] n. 环境equator [ɪ'kweɪtə(r)] n. 赤道whenever [wen'evə(r)] conj. 连词spring [sprɪŋ]n. 春天autumn ['ɔ:təm] n. 秋天season ['si:zən] n. 季节type [taɪp] n. 类型，种类awake [ə'weɪk] adj. 醒着的Unit2flashcard [ˈflæʃˌkɑː(r)d] n.(上面有单词或图画，用于教学的)抽认卡vocabulary [və'kæbjʊlerɪ] , [və'kæbjʊlərɪ] n. 词汇aloud [ə'laʊd] adv. 出声地；大声地pronunciation [prə.nʌnsɪ'eɪʃ(ə)n] n. 发音；发音法specific [spə'sɪfɪk] adj. 明确的；具体的；特定的memorize ['meməraɪz] v. 记住；熟记grammar ['ɡræmə(r)] n. 语法；语法规则differently ['dɪf(ə)rəntlɪ] adv. 不同地；有区别地frustrate ['frʌstreɪt] [frʌ'streɪt] v. 失失望；使沮丧；使厌烦frustrating ['frʌstreɪtɪnɡ] , ['frʌ'streɪtɪnɡ] adj. 令人失望的；令人沮丧的；令人厌烦的quickly ['kwɪklɪ] adv. 快地；迅速地add [æd] v.补充；继续说excited [ɪk'saɪtɪd] adj. 激动的；兴奋地pronounce [prə'naʊns] v. 发……音；正确（或清晰地）吐（字，音等）spoken ['spəʊkən] adj. 口语的；口头的slowly ['sləʊlɪ] adv. 满地；缓慢地mistake [mɪˈsteɪk] n. 错误；过失comma [ˈka:mə] [ˈkɒmə] n.逗号challenge ['tʃæləndʒ ] n. 挑战solution [sə'luːʃ(ə)n] n.(问题、疑难等的)解决；解答realize [ˈrɪəlaɪz] v.认识到；意识到matter ['mætə(r)] v.重要；要紧；有关系afraid [ə'freɪd] adj.害怕的；犯愁的complete [kəm'pliːt] adj. 完整的；完全的sentence ['sentəns] n.句子secret [ˈsiːkrɪt] n. 秘密, 秘诀, 诀窍learner ['lɜː(r)nə(r)] n. 学习者term [tɜː(r)m] n. 学期impress [ɪm'pres] v.使感动，使印象深刻trouble ['trʌb(ə)l] n.苦恼;困难,忧虑fast [fæst] [fɑːst] adv. 快地,迅速地soft [sɔːft] [sɒft] adj. 软的,柔软的essay ['eseɪ] n.文章（尤指短文、小品文、散文）deal [diːl] v. 处理;应付unless [ən'les] conj. 如果不,除非unfair [ʌn'fer] [ʌn'feə] adj. 不公平的,不公正的solve[sɑːlv] [sɒlv] v.解答,解决regard [rɪ'ɡɑː(r)d] v. 把…视为duty ['dutɪ] ['djuːtɪ] n. 义务，责任easily ['iːzɪlɪ] adv. 容易地，简单地influence ['ɪnfluəns] v. 影响，对…有作用friendship ['fren(d)ʃɪp] n. 友谊,友情;友爱lose [luːz] v. 失去,丧失disagreement [.dɪsə'ɡriːmənt] n. 分歧，不一致，意见不合development [dɪ'veləpmənt] n. 发展,进展,发育，成长adult[ˈædʌlt] n. 成人unimportant [.ʌnɪm'pɔː(r)t(ə)nt] adj. 不重要的face [feɪs] v. 面临,面对，正视soldier ['səʊldʒə(r)] n.军人;士兵;psychologist [saɪ'kɑːlədʒɪst] [saɪ'kɒlədʒɪst] n. 心理学研究者;心理学家Unit 3airplane [ˈerpleɪn] , [ˈeəpleɪn] n. 飞机terrify ['terɪfaɪ] v. 使害怕；使恐惧on [ɑ:n] [ɔn] adj. 开着的；接通的；工作着的insect ['ɪnsekt] n. 昆虫candy ['kændɪ] n. 糖果chew [tʃuː] v. 嚼；咀嚼gum [ɡʌm] n. 口香糖chat [tʃæt] v. 聊天；闲谈daily ['deɪlɪ] adj. 每日的；日常的comic ['kɑ:mɪk] ['kɒmɪk] n. 连环漫画；连环漫画杂志；（报纸上的）连环漫画栏death [deθ]n. 死；死亡afford [ə'fɔː(r)d] v. 买得起；负担得起cause [kɔ:z] v. 造成；使发生himself [hɪm'self] pron. （反身代词）他自己；他本身patient [ˈpeɪʃənt] adj. 有耐心的；忍耐的decision [dɪ'sɪʒən] n.最后；终于necessary ['nesɪseri],['nesɪsəri] adj. 必须的；必需的exactly [ɪɡ'zæktlɪ] adv. 正；恰恰attention [ə'tenʃən] n. 注意；专心；留心waste [weɪst] v. 浪费；滥用unit4license ['laɪs(ə)ns] n ['laɪs(ə)ns] 执照，许可证silly ['sɪlɪ] adj 愚蠢的;傻的earring ['ɪrɪŋ] ['ɪərɪŋ] n 耳环concentrate ['kɑ:nsəntreɪt] ['kɒns(ə)ntreɪt] v 集中；聚集study ['stʌdɪ] n学习研究design [dɪ'zaɪn] v 设计；构思present [prezent] n 目前；现在opportunity [.ɑ:pər'tunətɪ] ，[.ɒpə(r)'tjuːnətɪ] n机会；时机volunteer [.vɑ:lən'tɪr] ，[.vɒlən'tɪə] v自愿n 志愿者local ['ləʊk(ə)l] adj 地方的;当地的experience [ɪk'spɪrɪəns] [ɪk'spɪərɪəns] v 经历；体验member ['membə(r)] n 会员；成员mess [mes] n 混乱sleepy ['sliːpɪ] adj 困倦的；不活跃的reply [rɪ'plaɪ] v 回答；答复newsletter ['nu:z.letər] UK: ['njuːz.letə] n 时事通讯；简报obey [ə'beɪ] v 顺从；服从achieve [ə'tʃiːv] v 完成；实现race [reɪs] v 赛跑，比赛realistic [rɪə'lɪstɪk] adj ；注重实际的；现实的care [ker] [keə] v 关心；忧虑importance [ɪm'pɔ:rtəns] n重要；重要性的succeed [sək'siːd] v 成功point [pɔɪnt] 要点Unit5prefer [prɪ'fɜː(r)]v. 更喜爱；更喜欢lyric ['lɪrɪk] n. (常pl.) 歌词gentle ['dʒentl ]adj. 轻柔的；柔和的dislike [dɪs'laɪk] v. 不喜欢remind [rɪ'maɪnd] of 提醒；使记起heart [hɑː(r)t] n. 心；内心string [strɪŋ]n. 细绳；线sink [sɪŋk]v.下沉；沉没Yellow River 黄河fisherman ['fɪʃə(r)mən]n. (pl. fishermen) 渔民；渔夫latest [ˈleɪtɪst] adj. 最近的entertainent [.entə(r)'teɪnmənt] n. 娱乐；乐趣；快乐feature ['fiːtʃə(r)] n. 特点；特征photography [fə'tɒɡrəfɪ] n. 摄影；照相gallery [ˈɡælərɪ] n. 美术馆；画廊photographer [fəˈtɒɡrəfə] n. 摄影者；摄影师display [dɪ'spleɪ] v. & n. 展览；陈列on display 展览；陈列photograph ['fəʊtəɡrɑːf] n. 照片；相片interest ['ɪntrɪst] v. 引起……关注；使……感兴趣class [klɑːs] n. 等级；类别whatever [wɒt'evə] pron. 不管什么；无论什么；任何（事物）miss [mɪs] v. 错过；遗漏suggest [sə'dʒest] v. 显示；间接表明；暗示energy ['enə(r)dʒɪ] n. 活力；力量okay adj. (=OK) 好的pro[prəʊ] n. (常pl. ) 反对的观点honest [ˈɒnɪst] adj. 诚实的；真诚的course [kɔː(r)s] n. 课程suit [sju:t, su:t] vt. 适合；使适应suit sb. (fine)（口语）（很）和某人的意i；对某人（很）合适expect [ɪk'spekt] vt. 预料；期待sweet [swi:t] adj. 甜的；悦耳的；taste [teɪst] vi. 尝起来；有…的味道to be honest（作插入语）老实说；说实在的be bad for对……有害actually ['æktʃuəlɪ] adv. 实际上；事实上fry [frai] vt. 油炸；油煎mainly ['meɪnlɪ] adv. 主要地，大体上stay away from与……保持一致be in ageement 意见一致itself [ɪt'self] pron. 它本身；它自己laboratory [lə'bɔrətərɪ] n. 实验室，研究室cancer ['kænsə] n. 癌症；恶性肿瘤barbecue ['bɑ:bɪkju:] n. 烤肉；吃烤肉的野宴vt. 烤肉；烧烤increase ['ɪnkri:s] vt. 增加，加大risk [rɪsk] n. 危险；风险；冒险biscuit ['bɪskɪt] n. 小点心，饼干main [meɪn] adj. 主要的，最重要的；exclamation [,eksklə'meɪʃən] n.惊叹词tag [tæɡ] question 附加疑问句contraction [kən'trækʃən] n.缩写式；tasty ['teɪstɪ] adj. 美味的；高雅的；有趣的vegetarian [,vedʒɪ'tεərɪən] n. 素食者；食草动物shock [ʃɔk] vt. 使震动；使震惊Unit 6tiring ['taɪərɪŋ] adj. 麻烦的；无聊的；引起疲劳的educational [,edju:'keɪʃənəl] adj. 教育的；有教育意义的peaceful ['pi:sful] adj. 和平的，爱好和平的；平静的fascinating ['fæsɪneɪtɪŋ] adj. 迷人的；吸引人的；使人神魂颠倒的thrilling ['θrɪlɪŋ] adj. 令人激动的；令人震颤的take it easy 从容；轻松；不紧张Florida ['flɔrɪdə] ( 美国) 佛罗里达州trek [tr e k] v.（缓慢或艰难地）旅行；长途跋涉Amazon （南美洲大河）亚马逊河jungle ['dʒʌŋgəl] n. 热带丛林fall [fɔ:l] n.瀑布Niagara [naɪ'ægərə / Falls（北美洲）尼亚加拉大瀑布touristy ['turəstɪ] adj. 游客很多的；游客常去的；适合游览的spotlight ['spɑt,laɪt] n.公众注意的中心consider [kən'sɪdɚ] v. 考虑；思考；认为lively ['laɪvlɪ] adj.充满活力的；生气勃勃的；活泼的sight [saɪt] n.（常pl.）名胜；风景including [ɪn`klu:dɪn] prep包含；包括tower ['tauə] n.塔；塔楼Eiffel Tower（法国巴黎）埃菲尔铁塔Cathedral [kə'θi:drəl] n. 总教堂；主教座堂；大教堂Notre Dame Cathedral（法国）巴黎圣母院church [tʃɝtʃ] n. 教堂convenient [kən'vi:nɪənt] adj.便利的；方便的underground ['ʌndɚ,graund] adj.地下的general ['dʒɛnərəl] n. 一般事务；一般原则in general 通常；大体上；一般而言wine [waɪn] n.葡萄酒；酒translate [træns'leɪt] v.翻译pack [pæk] v.把。

八年级下册英语单词表Uint1第一单元词组和短语1. will v.将；会；要2. robot n.机器人3. Won’t =will not4. They’ll =they will5.everything pron.每件事物6.paper n.纸;纸张7.fewer adj.(few的比较级)较少的;较少数8. pollution n.污染9. tree n.树;树木She’ll =she will10. building n.建筑物;房屋11. astronaut n.宇航员，航天员12. rocket n.火箭13. space n.空间;太空14. space station 空间站15. fly v.飞行16. took v.（take的过去式）17. moon n.月亮;月球I’ll =I will18. fall v.落下;跌落;变为19. fell v.(fall的过去式)20. fall in love with 爱上21.alone adv. 单独地；孤独地22.pet n. 宠物23.parrot n.鹦鹉24. probably adv.大概;或许go skating 去滑冰25. suit n.一套衣服26. able adj.能;能够27. be able to 能够……；得以……28. dress v.穿衣29. casually adv.非正式地；随意地30. which pron.哪个;哪几个31. even adv.甚至32. The World Cup 世界杯33. wrote v.(write的过去式)34. myself pron.(反身代词)我自己;我本人35. interview n.面试;面谈36. predict v.预报；预言37. prediction n.预言；预测38. came v.(come的过去式) 39.40. come true 实现；达到41. Sound n.声音42. Company n.公司43. thought v.(think的过去式)strategy n.策略 战略44. Fiction n.小说45. unpleasant adj.使人不愉快的46. scientist n.科学家47. in the future 未来;将来48. hundreds of 大量;许多49. already adv.早已;已经50. made v.(make的过去式)51. factory n.工厂52. simple adj.简单的;简易的53. such adj.这样的;这种54. bored adj.厌烦的；厌倦的55. everywhere adv.各地;到处56. human n.人;人类57. huge n.巨大的;极大的58. shape n.外形;形状59. earthquake n.地震60. snake n.蛇61. possible adj.可能的62. electric adj.电的;导电的63. toothbrush n.牙刷64. seem v.像是;似乎65. impossible adj.不可能的;不会发生的66. housework n.家务;家务事67. rating n.级别；等级uint2第二单元词组和短语1. keep out 不让……进入2. play v.播放3. argue v.争论;争吵4. wrong adj.错误的;有毛病的;不合适的5. What’s wrong？ 怎么了6. style n.风格7. out of style 不时髦的，过时的8. could modal v. can的过去式9. call sb. up 打电话给……10. ticket n.票;入场券11. surprise v.使惊奇;使意外12. on the phone 用电话交谈；在通话13. What’s the matter 怎么了14. pay for 付款part-time job 兼职工作15. okay adj.好的16. either adj.任一的;(两方中的)每一方的 adv.同样地(不…);也(不…)17. bake v.烤；烘18. bake sale 面包或糕饼的售卖活动Teen Talk 青少年论坛19. tutor n.家庭教师20. original adj.新颖的21. the same as 与……同样的22. in style 时髦的；流行的23. haircut n.理发；发型24. except prep.除;把--除外25. upset adj.心烦的，沮丧的26. fail v.失败27. get on 相处；进展didn’t=did notcouldn’t=could not28. return v.归还；送回29. football n.足球30. until prep.到--为止31. fit v.适合;适应32. as……as possible 尽可能……33. pressure n.压力34. complain v.抱怨；控诉35. include v.包括;包含36. pushy adj.固执己见的；一意孤行的37. push v.推；推动；督促38. send v.派遣 打发 安排去39. all kinds of 各种；许多40. compare v.比较41. crazy adj.疯狂的；狂热的42. themselves pron.(反身代词)他(她,它)们自己43. adult n.成年人44. on the one hand （在）一方面45. organized adj.有组织的46. on the other hand （在）另一方面47. freedom n.自由uint3第三单元词组和短语1. UFO abbr.不行飞行物；飞碟2. barber n.（为男子服务的）理发师3. barber shop 理发店4. bathroom n.浴室5. bedroom n.卧室;寝室6. kitchen n.厨房7. get out 出去；离开8. alien n.从另一个世界来的生物；外星人9. bought v.(buy的过去式)10. land v.着陆11. got v.(get的过去式)12. take off 起飞13. while conj.当……的时候14. experience n.经历;体验15. imagine v.想象；设想16. strange adj.奇怪的;陌生的17. follow v.跟随;追随18. amazing adj.令人惊奇的19. kid v.开玩笑;戏弄;欺骗20. scared adj.恐惧的21. climb v.攀登;爬22. jump v.跳跃23. shout v.呼喊;呼叫24. rode v.(ride的过去式)25. train station 火车站26. ran v.(run的过去式)27. run away 逃跑；跑掉28. anywhere adv.任何地方29. met v.(meet的过去式)30. come in 进来31. happen v.发生32. accident n.事故33. Beijing International Airport 北京国际机场34. plane n.飞机35. heard v.(hear的过去式)36. modern adj.现代的;现代化的37. kill v.杀死;致死38. Memphis 孟菲斯（美国一城市）39. murder v. and n.谋杀;凶杀40. hear about 听说41. bright adj.明亮的;发亮的42. playground n.运动场;操场43.bell n.钟;铃;门铃44. rang v.(ring的过去式)45. told v.(tell的过去式)46. close v.关闭47. silence n.寂静;沉静48. take place 发生49. recent adj.最近的；近来的50. World Trade Center 世界贸易中心51. destroy v.破坏；毁坏52. terrorist n.恐怖分子53. meaning n.意思;含义54. as……as 像……（一样）55. became v.(become的过去式)56. flight n.航班，班机57. earth n.地球58. hero n.英雄59. flew v.(fly的过去式)unit4第四单元词组和短语1. mad adj.很生气的；气愤的2. anymore adv.再也（不）；（不）再；3. direct speech 直接引语4. reported speech 间接引语5. first of all 首先6. message n.消息;信息7. pass on 传递8. suppose v.假定;认为;期望9. be supposed to 被期望或被要求…10. hard-working adj.勤勉的，努力工作的11. do well in 在……方面做得好12. in good health 身体健康13. report card 成绩单 grandfather n.爷爷；外祖父14. nervous adj.神经紧张的;不安的15. envelope n.信封16. semester n.学期17. true adj.真实的18. disappointing adj.使人失望的；令人扫兴的19. lucky adj.幸运的20. copy v.复制;抄袭21. own adj.自己的22. get over 克服；恢复；原谅23. poor adj.贫穷的；穷困的24. village n.乡村25. Peking University 北京大学26. graduate n.大学毕业生27. volunteer n.志愿者28. The Ministry of Education 教育部29. Chinese Young Pioneer 中国少年先锋队30. rural adj.乡下的，乡村的31. area n.地区;地域32. meter n.米;公尺33. sea level 海平面34. thin adj.稀薄的35. ate v.(eat的过去式)36. fortunately adv.幸运地37. decision n.决定;决心38. husband n.丈夫39. dormitory n.宿舍40.senior high school 高中41. Open up 打开42.start n.开始;开端43. influence n.影响44. return v.回来;返回45. hometown n.家乡;故乡46. Greenpeace “绿色和平”组织47. care for 照料；照顾48. border n.边界，边境49. UNICEF(United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund) addr.联合国儿童基金会50. WWF(World Wildlife Fund) abbr.世界野生动物基金会51. danger n.危险unit5第五单元词组和短语1. have a great time 玩的愉快2. organize v.组织3. take away 拿走4. clean-up 清除；打扫5. flower n.花6. agent n.代理人；代理商7. around the world 在世界各地8. make a living 谋生9. against prep.反对10. charity n.慈善团体；慈善事业11. chance n.机会;机遇12. all the time 一直13. injured adj.受伤的；受损害的14. sincerely adv.真诚地15. lawyer n.律师16. tonight n.今晚;今夜17. mobile phone 移动电话Review of units 1-51. What’s the problem? 怎么了？2. fat adj.胖的;肥的3. window n.窗户4. play football 踢足球5. consequence n.结果6. explain v.解释;说明7. following adj.下列的；下述的unit6第六单元词组和短语1. collect v.收集;搜集2. shell n.贝壳；壳3. marathon n.（体育）马拉松赛跑4. pair n.一对;一双5. skate n.溜冰鞋6. since prep.自从;从……以来7. Hilltop School 山顶学校8. raise v.筹集9. several adj.几个的；数个的10. skater n.溜冰者11. stamp n.邮票12. kite n.风筝13. monster n.怪物，妖怪14. globe n.球状体；球体15. anyone pron.任何人16. run out of 用完；用尽17. store v.储存18. cake n.蛋糕；糕、饼类食品19. particularly adv.特别；尤其；异乎寻常的20. collector n.收藏家21. by the way 顺便；附带说说22. common adj.共同的；公共的23. extra adj.额外的24. coin n.钱币；硬币25. topic n.话题；主题26. been v.(be的过去分词)27. be interested in 对……感兴趣28. writer n.作家，作者29. dynasty n.朝代；王朝30. character n.(著名的)人物；名人31. capital n.省会，首都32. European adj.欧洲的；欧洲人（的）33. Russian adj.俄罗斯的;俄罗斯人（的）34. Australian adj.澳大利亚的；澳大利亚人的 n.澳大利亚人35. Jewish adj.犹太人的；犹太族的36. Jew n.犹太人37. thousand n.一千38. emperor n.皇帝39. foreigner n.外国人40. quite adv.相当；十分41. certain adj.确实的；无疑的42.the Olympic Games 奥林匹克运动会43. far away 在远处44. miss v.思念；想念unit7第七单元词组和短语1. not at all 一点也不2. turn down 把……调低；关小3. yard n.院子4. right away 立刻；马上5. task n.任务；工作；作业 dish n.盘；碟6. poster n.海报7. waitress n.女服务生8. brought v.(bring的过去式)9.solution n.解答10. line n.排；队；列11. wait in line 排队等候12. annoy v.使恼怒，使生气13. annoyed adj.恼怒的，生气的14. polite adj.有礼貌的；客气的15. perhaps adv.或许；大概16. door n.门17. cut in line 插队18. hasn't=has not19. term n.术语20.etiquette n.礼节21. normal adj.正常的；正规的22. behavior n.行为；举止；表现23. at first 首先24. Asian adj.亚洲的；亚洲人的25. uncomfortable adj.不舒服的26. impolite adj.无理的；粗鲁的27. allow v.允许；承认28. keep down 控制；抑制30. public n.公众31. take care 当心；小心32. cough v.咳嗽33. sneeze v 打喷嚏34. break v.打破，违背35. break the rule 违反规则36. politely adv.客气地；斯文地37. smoke v.抽烟；吸烟38. put out 熄灭;关灯39. cigarette n.香烟40. criticize v.批判;批评41. careful adj.当心的；小心的42. drop v.落下；掉下43. litter n.垃圾44. pick v.采；摘；挑选45. pick up 捡起46. behave v.举止；表现unit8第八单元词组和短语1. comment n.评论；意见2. album n.集子；唱片集；相片簿3. personal adj.私人的；个人的4. special adj.特别的；特殊的；专门的5. receive v.收到；接受6. gave v.(give的过去式)7. guy n.家伙；人8. spider n.蜘蛛9. mouse n.（pl.mice）老鼠10.snake n.蛇11. hamster n.仓鼠12. turtle n.海龟13. child n.孩子；儿女14. pot-bellied adj.大腹便便的；大肚子的15. pig n.猪16. advantage n.有利条件；优点17. disadvantage n.不利条件；缺点18. perfect adj.完美的，理想的19. rabbit n.兔；野兔20. company n.伙伴21. cost v.价值（若干）；花（多少钱）22. asleep adj.睡着的23. fall asleep 入睡25. present n.礼物26. open v.打开27. later adv.稍后；随后28. given v.（give的过去分词）29. give away 赠送；分发30. bench n.长凳；长椅31. rather 而不是32. Sweden 瑞典33. instead adv.代替；而不是34. enter v.参加；进入35. nearly adv.几乎36. sang v.（sing的过去式）37. clearly adv.清楚地；明显地38. stage n.舞台39. native adj.本地的；本国的40. native speaker 以某种语言为母语的人；说本族语的人41. winner n.胜利者42. modest adj.谦虚的，谦让的43. interested adj.感兴趣的44. encourage v.鼓励45. progress n.进步；前进46. make progress 取得进步 取得进展47. hear of 听说48. Beijinger 北京人49. take an interested in 对……感兴趣50.besides prep.而且；除……之外51. make friends with 与……交友52. statement n.声明；陈述53. mention v.提及；说起unit9第九单元词组和短语1. amusement n.娱乐；消遣2. neither pron.（二者）都不3.Disneyland 迪斯尼乐园 玩的愉快4. Mickey Mouse 米老鼠5. Donald Duck 唐老鸭6. character n.人物；角色7. seen v.(see的过去分词)8.theme n.主题9. attraction n.有吸引力的事物（人）10. roller coaster 过山车11.cruise n.巡游；巡航12. board n.甲板13. on board 在船上14. route n.路线end up 结束island n.岛；岛屿17. especially adv.特别；尤其18. exchange student n.交换生19. attendant n.服务员20. flight attendant 空中服务员21. discover v.发现22. requirement n.要求，必要条件23. guide n.导游24. tour guide 导游25. film n.电影26. southeast n.东南 adj.东南的27. wonderful adj.极好的 foreign adj.外国的；外来的28. holiday n.假日；假期节日29. quarter n.四分之一；一刻钟30. three quarters n.四分之三31. population n.人口.32. simply adv 仅仅 只 简单33. putonghua n 普通话34. fear v.害怕；担心35. brave adj.勇敢的；无畏的36. excellent adj.卓越的；极好的37. Indian adj.印度的；印度人的38. Night Safari 夜间野生动物园39. dark n.黄昏；黑暗40. daytime n.白天；日间41. wake v.醒来；唤醒42. wake up 睡醒；醒来43. fox n.狐狸44. natural adj.自然的；自然界的45. environment n.环境46. temperature n.温度47. all year round 一年到头，终年48. equator n.赤道49. whenever conj.无论如何50. spring n.春天51. autumn n.秋天52. season n.季节53. type n.类型54. awake adj.醒着的unit 10第十单元词组和短语1. Franklin 富兰克林湖2. noon n.中午3. sandy adj.含沙的4. goodbye int.再见5. look through 浏览6. bookstore n.书店7. cross v.穿过；横过；越过8. elevator n.电梯9. low adj.低的10. slow adj.慢的；缓慢的11. fan n.迷；狂热迷12. note n.短信；笔记13. come along 出现；发生14. get along 相处15. baby n.婴儿；小孩16. at least 至少17. traffic n.交通18. least adj.(little的最高级)Review of units 6-101. review n.复习;回顾2. Erhu 二胡（乐器名）Additional material1. subtitle n.(电影或电视上的)字幕2. web page 网页配套录音 请联系 qq：328624337。