初中英语语法巧记之过去式(过去分词)
- 格式:pptx
- 大小:174.72 KB
- 文档页数:5
初中动词过去式过去分词语法解析初中动词过去式和过去分词语法解析动词的过去式和过去分词是英语语法中重要的概念。
本文将对初中阶段研究的动词过去式和过去分词进行解析。
一、动词过去式动词的过去式用于表示过去发生的动作或状态。
主要有以下几种形式:1. 一般过去式:大部分动词在原形末尾加上-ed构成过去式,如work → worked; play → played。
2. 不规则动词过去式:部分动词的过去式形式不规则,需要特别记忆,如go → went; see → saw。
3. 特殊变化:以不发音的“e”结尾的动词,只需加上-d,如like → liked; dance → danced。
4. 短元音加一个辅音字母结尾的动词,双写末尾字母再加-ed,如stop → stopped; plan → planned。
二、动词过去分词动词的过去分词用于构成完成时态、被动语态等。
常见形式包括:1. 一般规则:动词的过去分词形式和过去式形式一致,如worked; played。
2. 不规则:某些动词的过去分词形式不规则,需要特别记忆,如gone; seen。
3. 特殊变化:以不发音的“e”结尾的动词,去掉“e”后加上-d,如liked; danced。
4. 短元音加一个辅音字母结尾的动词,双写末尾字母再加-ed,如stopped; planned。
三、注意事项在使用动词的过去式和过去分词时,需要注意以下几点:1. 不规则动词需要特殊记忆,多加练记忆,以熟悉其用法。
2. 对于特殊变化的动词形式,注意去掉结尾字母后再加-ed或-d。
总结:动词的过去式和过去分词是初中英语重要的语法知识点。
掌握动词过去式和过去分词的形式和用法,能够帮助学生正确运用英语时态和语态,提高语言表达能力。
以上是对初中动词过去式和过去分词的语法解析,希望能对你有所帮助。
初中英语动词变过去式和过去分词记忆法动词可分为规则动词和不规则动词规则动词的过去式和过去分词是一样,变化规则如下:1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked2.结尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i,再加-ed,如:study-studied不规则动词动词过去式和过去分词变化规律如下:一、AAA型(原形→原形→原形)二、ABA型(原形→过去式→原形)三、ABC型1. ow→ew→own2. i→a→u3.原形→过去式→过去式+(e)n4.原形→过去式→原形+(e)n5.无规律四、ABB型1.原形→ought→ought2.原形→aught→aught3.变其中一个元音字母4.原形→□lt→□lt5.变其中一个辅音字母6.辅音字母和元音字母都变五、AAB型六、情态动词七、有两种形式初中英语不规则动词过去式、过去分词表(1) AAA型(动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形)cost() cut()hit(打)hurt 伤害) hurt hurt let(让) let let put (放) put put read (读) read read(2) AAB型(动词原形与过去式同形) beat(跳动) beat beaten(3) ABA型(动词原形与过去分词同形) become(变成) became become come (来) came come run(跑) ran run(4) ABB型(过去式与过去分词同形)dig(挖) dug dug get(得到) got got hang(吊死) hanged hanged hang(悬挂) hung hung hold(抓住) held held shine(照耀) shone shone sit (坐) sat sat win (赢) won won meet(遇见) met met keep (保持) kept kept sleep (睡) slept slept sweep(扫) swept swept feel(感觉) felt felt smell(闻) smelt smelt leave(离开) left left build(建设) built built lend(借出) lent lent send (传送) sent sent spend(花费) spent spent lose (丢失) lost lost burn (燃烧) burnt burnt learn(学习) learnt learnt mean(意思是) meant meant catch(抓住) caught caught teach (教) taught taught bring(带来) brought brought fight (战斗) fought fought buy(买) bought bought think (想) thought thought hear (听见) heard heard sell (卖) sold sold tell(告诉) told told say (说) said said find(找到) found found have/has (有) had had make(制造) made made stand (站) stood stood understand明白 understood understood(5) ABC型(动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形)begin(开始) began begun drink(喝) drank drunk ring(铃响) rang rung sing (唱) sang sung swim(游泳) swam swum blow (吹) blew blown draw (画) drew drawn fly (飞) flew flown grow(生长) grew grown know(知道) knew known throw(投掷) threw thrown show(出示) showed shownbreak(打破) broke broken choose(选择) chose chosen forget(忘记) forgot forgotten speak(说,讲) spoke spoken wake (醒) woke woken drive(驾驶) drove driven eat (吃) ate eaten fall(落下) fell fallen give (给) gave given rise(升高) rose risen take (取) took taken mistake(弄错) mistook mistaken ride (骑) rode ridden write(写) wrote written do (做) did done go(去) went gone lie(平躺) lay lain see(看见) saw seen wear (穿) wore worn be ( am, is, are )(是) was, were been(1) AAA型(动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形)cost(花费) cost cost cut(割) cut cut hit (打) hit hit hurt 伤害) hurt hurt let (让) let let put (放) put put read (读) read read(2) AAB型(动词原形与过去式同形) beat(跳动) beat beaten(3) ABA型(动词原形与过去分词同形) become(变成) became become come (来) came come run(跑) ran run(4) ABB型(过去式与过去分词同形)dig(挖) dug dug get(得到) got got hang(吊死) hanged hanged hang(悬挂) hung hung hold(抓住) held held shine(照耀) shone shone sit (坐) sat sat win (赢) won won meet(遇见) met met keep (保持) kept kept sleep (睡) slept slept sweep(扫) swept swept feel(感觉) felt felt smell(闻) smelt smelt leave(离开) left left build(建设) built built lend(借出) lent lent send (传送) sent sent spend(花费) spent spent lose (丢失) lost lost burn (燃烧) burnt burnt learn(学习) learnt learnt mean(意思是) meant meant catch(抓住) caught caught teach (教) taught taught bring(带来) brought brought fight (战斗) fought fought buy(买) bought bought think (想) thought thought hear (听见) heard heard sell (卖) sold sold tell(告诉) told told say(说) said said find(找到) found found have/has (有) had had make(制造) made made stand (站) stood stood understand明白 understood understood(5) ABC型(动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形)begin(开始) began begun drink(喝) drank drunk ring(铃响) rang rung sing (唱) sang sung swim(游泳) swam swum blow (吹) blew blown draw (画) drew drawn fly (飞) flew flown grow(生长) grew grown know(知道) knew known throw(投掷) threw thrown show(出示) showed shownbreak(打破) broke broken choose(选择) chose chosen forget(忘记) forgot forgotten speak(说,讲) spoke spoken wake (醒) woke woken drive(驾驶) drove driven eat (吃) ate eaten fall(落下) fell fallen give (给) gave given rise(升高) rose risen take (取) took taken mistake(弄错) mistook mistaken ride (骑) rode ridden write(写) wrote written do (做) did done go(去) went gone lie(平躺) lay lain see(看见) saw seen wear (穿) wore worn be ( am, is, are )(是) was, were been。
过去时过去分词巧记
1. 过去式和动词原形同形。
如:
hit→hithurt→hurtlet→letcost→cost
read→readcut→cutput→put
2. 原形以-ow/-aw结尾的动词,其过去式形式大多以-ew结尾。
如:know→knewgrow→grew
draw→drewthrow→threw
3. 把动词原形中的元音字母i改为a来变成过去式形式。
如:
sit→satswim→swamgive→gave
drink→drankring→rang begin→ began
4. 把动词原形中的元音字母i改为o来变成其过去式形式。
如:
ride→rodedrive→drovewrite→wrote
win→wonshine→shone
5. 一些动词的过去式以-ought结尾。
如:
think→thoughtbuy→bought
bring→broughtfight→fought
6. 一些动词的过去式以-aught结尾。
如:
teach→ taught catch→caught
7. 有些以-eep结尾的动词要把-eep改为-ept来变成其过去式形式。
如:keep→keptsweep→sweptsleep→slept
8. 有些以-end结尾的动词要把d改为t来变成其过去式形式。
如:lend→lentspend→spentsend→sent
9. 在有些动词的词尾直接加t来变成其过去式形式。
如:
learn→learntmean→meantburn→burnt。
动词过去式过去分词变形规则记忆技巧记忆动词过去式和过去分词的变形规则可以采用以下技巧:
1. 以-ed结尾的规则动词:大部分动词在过去式和过去分词时都在词尾加上-ed,如“played”和“played”。
对于以不发音的“e”结尾的动词,只需要在词尾加上-d,如“liked”和“liked”。
2. 双写结尾辅音字母的规则动词:如果动词以一个元音字母+一个辅音字母结尾,且最后一个音节重读,那么在过去式和过去分词时需要双写结尾的辅音字母,再加上-ed,如“stopped”和“stopped”。
3. 以“y”结尾的规则动词:如果动词以“y”结尾,且在“y”之前是一个辅音字母,那么在过去式和过去分词时将“y”变为“i”,再加上-ed,如“carried”和“carried”。
如果在“y”之前是一个元音字母,直接在词尾加上-ed,如“played”和“played”。
4. 不规则动词:有一些动词的过去式和过去分词是不规则的,需要单独记忆,如“go”变为“went”和“gone”,“eat”变为“ate”和“eaten”。
通过这些记忆技巧,可以更好地记忆动词过去式和过去分词的变形规则。
同时,练习使用这些规则和不规则变形,可以加深记忆、提高运用能力。
初中英语动词过去式过去分词表以下是一个初中英语动词过去式与过去分词表的归纳:一、规则变化1.动词原形以e结尾●直接加-d: smile-smiled; hope- +hoped; die- +died; tie-tied2.动词原形以两个辅育字母结尾●直接加-ed: help-helped; learm- +learned3.动词原形以两个元音字母+-个辅音宇母结尾●直接加-ed: rain-rained; heat -heated4.动词原形以一个元音字母+-个辅育字母结尾●单音节单词:双写最后一个辅音字母加-ed, 如stop- +stopped; plan-planned双音节单词:●若重读在第一一个音节处,不双写加-ed,如visit -visited; offer-offered ●若重读在第二个音节处。
双写词尾辅音字母加-ed,如prefer- -preferred; admit- admitted5.动词原形以-y结属●元音+y:直接加-ed,如play-played; enjoy→enjoyed●辅育+y:变y为再加-ed,如worry-worried; study-studied二、不规则变化1.原形、过去式、过去分词相同●cost→cost- +cost●cut- +cut-→cut●hit→hit-→hit●hurt-hurt- +hurt●let- +let- -let●put→put→put .●read-read→read●set- +set- set●shut- +shut- +shut2.过去式、过去分词相同●bring-brought-brought ●buy→bought- -bought ●think-thought- +thought ●catch→caught- caught ●teach- +taught -taught ●build-built-built●lend-lent- +lent●send→sent- +sent●spend→spent- spent●keep-kept -kept●sleep-slept slept●sweep- +swept- swept ●tell-told→told●sell-sold-sold●smell-smelt- +smelt●spell-spelt/spelled-spelt/spelled●feel- +felt- -felt●sill-spilt/spilled- +pitspilll●learn-learnt/learned-learnt/learned ●mean→meant- +meant●spoil-spoilt/spoiled-spoilt/spoiled●say-said-said●pay-paid-paid●lay-laid→laid●hear-heard-heard●meet-→met- +met●get-got→got●sit→sat-sat●find- +found- +found●hold→held→held●spit→spat →spat●shine- +shone/shined-→shone/shined ●win→won→won●hang-hung/hanged-hung/hanged●dig→dug→dug●lose- +lost-lost●make- -made- -made●leave- +left- +left●stand→stood→stood●have/has-had→had●understand- +understood- +understood请注意,部分动词的过去式和过去分词有多种拼写形式(如learn可以写作learnt或learned, spell可以写作spelt或spelled等),这取决于不同的英语地区和语境。
初中英语动词过去式和过去分词变化规则一般地,英语动词的过去式和过去分词的变化规则如下:
1. 大多数动词的过去式和过去分词是在动词原形后加上-ed,例如:
work -> worked -> worked
talk -> talked -> talked
2.以不发音的-e结尾的动词,在后面直接加上-d,例如:
love -> loved -> loved
dance -> danced -> danced
3. 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,将末尾的辅音字母双写后再加-ed,例如:
stop -> stopped -> stopped
admit -> admitted -> admitted
4. 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,将y变为i,再加-ed,例如:
study -> studied -> studied
try -> tried -> tried
5.一些不规则动词的过去式和过去分词形式并不遵循以上规则,需要通过记忆:
go -> went -> gone
be -> was/were -> been
have -> had -> had
请注意,以上是一般的规则,但也有一些特殊的不规则动词需要特别记忆。
轻松记忆初中英语动词过去式和过去分词轻松记忆初中英语动词过去式和过去分词简单的说:过去式是用在一般过去时的,过去分词用在完成时态的.具体点:就是分为规则动词和不规则动词两种情况来讲:形式变化:一.规则,过去式和过去分词都是在词末加 -ed二.不规则,要背不规则动词表。
用法:过去式用于“一般过去时”过去分词要和其它成分连用。
1.have has +过去分词(现在完成时)2.had+过去分词(过去完成时)3.be+过去分词(被动语态)过去式用来表达动词的“过了”、“完了”等意思,汉语里表达动作的时间时采用的是前后加字法,即在动词的前面或后面加字,如表达做过和做完,只要在动词的后面加上“过了”、“完了”就行了,如吃过了、看过了。
而英语采用的是变形法,即不加字,而是让动词本身发生变化,如eat变成ate,see变成saw,ate、saw就是表达“吃过了”、“看过”的过去式。
而“过去分词”则完全是另一回事,它的写法和过去式有时一样有时不一样(简单词多不一样,长词多一样),但用法完全不一样,它有时表达“被……”,有时表达“完成……”,不仅可以做动词,还可以做形容词英语动词按其过去式和过去分词的构成方式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。
规则动词的过去式和过去分词由词尾加ed构成,而不规则动词的变化因词而异。
但如对不规则动词的过去式和过去分词做一分析,就可发现其中的“规则”。
为方便同学们记忆,现将初中英语教学大纲中的69个不规则动词的原形、过去式和过去分词列出并规为五种类型。
一、AAA型(原形、过去式和过去分词同形):cost cost cost cut cut cutlet let let put put putread read read二、ABB型(过去式与过去分词同形):bring brought brought build built builtbuy bought bought catch caught caughtdig dug dug feel felt feltfind found found get got gothave had had hear heard heardhold held held keep kept kept※learn learnt learnt leave left leftlend lent lent make made mademeet met met pay paid paidsay said said sell sold soldsend sent sent shine shone shonesit sat sat sleep slept slept※smell smelt smelt spend spent spentstand stood stood teach taught taughttell told told think thought thought understand understood understood三、ABC型(原形、过去式和过去分词各异):be was/were been begin began beg unblow blew blown break broke brok endo did done draw drew drawn drink drank drunk drive drove driven eat ate eaten fall fell fallenfly flew flown forget forgot forgott engive gave given go went gonegrow grew grown know knew knownlie lay lain ride rode riddenring rang rung see saw seenshow showed shown sing sang sungspeak spoke spoken swim swam swumtake took taken throw threw thrownwake woke woken wear wore wornwrite wrote written四、ABA型(原形与过去分词同形):become became become come came come五、AAB型(原形与过去式同形):beat beat beaten不规则动词过去式和过去分词归纳不规则动词过去式和过去分词(极品珍藏,初三 )A. 原形与过去式和过去分词完全相同.cost----cost----cost cut----cut----cut put----put----putlet----let----let set----set----set hit----hit----hitshut----shut----shut hurt---hurt----hurt read---read----read 读音 /e/lie---lied---lied 说谎 lay---laid---laid 放置,下蛋lay--- lain 躺下,位于,平放eg. The hens don’t _______eggs during such cold weather.She _____ her books on the table. ____B. 过去式与过去分词完全相同1. 过去式和过去分词中含有ought, aught, 读音是〔 :t〕bright----brought----brought think----thought----thought buy----bought----boughtcatch----caught----caught teach ---- taught ----taught2. 动词原形中的e为o,变成过去式和过去分词。
动词过去式过去分词变化规则动词过去式和过去分词是英语中非常重要的语法形式。
掌握动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则对于学习和使用英语至关重要。
本文将介绍一般规则和常见例外情况,帮助读者更好地理解和运用动词的过去式和过去分词。
一、一般规则大多数动词的过去式和过去分词都是在词尾加上-ed。
例如:1. work(工作)→ worked(过去式)→ worked(过去分词)2. play(玩耍)→ played(过去式)→ played(过去分词)3. study(学习)→ studied(过去式)→ studied(过去分词)二、以-e结尾的动词当动词的原形以-e结尾时,在词尾直接加-d即可。
例如:1. dance(跳舞)→ danced(过去式)→ danced(过去分词)2. smile(微笑)→ smiled(过去式)→ smiled(过去分词)3. like(喜欢)→ liked(过去式)→ liked(过去分词)三、以重读闭音节结尾的单词重读闭音节是指重音落在辅音字母之前的音节。
当动词的原形是一个以重读闭音节结尾的单词,并且末尾只有一个辅音字母时,需要双写这个辅音字母,并在词尾加上-ed。
例如:1. stop(停止)→ stopped(过去式)→ stopped(过去分词)2. plan(计划)→ planned(过去式)→ planned(过去分词)3. admit(承认)→ admitted(过去式)→ admitted(过去分词)四、以辅音字母+y结尾的单词当动词的原形以辅音字母+y结尾时,需要将-y变为-i,并在词尾加上-ed。
例如:1. carry(携带)→ carried(过去式)→ carried(过去分词)2. try(尝试)→ tried(过去式)→ tried(过去分词)3. study(学习)→ studied(过去式)→ studied(过去分词)五、不规则动词除了一般规则外,还有一些动词的过去式和过去分词需要记住,因为它们的形式是不规则的,没有明显的变化规律。