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Lecture 2 Predicate (谓语部分)Unit 1 动词短语形式的谓语1. That compulsion has resulted in robotics—the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. (2002-2-1)这种强迫行为产生了机器人学种将人类的各种能力赋予机器的科学。
Unit 2 主谓分离的谓语1. This development—and its strong implications for US politics and economy in years ahead 一has enthroned the South as Americans most densely populated region for the first time in the history of the nation’s head counting (1998-4-2)这个发展——以及它对未来美国政治经济的巨响——已经使南方第一次成为美国全国人口普查史上人口最稠密的地区。
Unit 3 强调形式的谓语1. However，the playgoers do manage a little sightseeing along with their playgoing. (2006-2-3)然而，观看演出的人的确设法在观看演出的同时进行一点观光。
2. Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. (2003-1-4)当然，公开来源的谍报活动的确存在风险，因为很难把有价值和无价值的信息加以区分。
3. Nevertheless, word “amateur" does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. (2001-1-2)但是“业余”这个词的确具有其内含，即所涉及的人没有完全融人科学的群体，具体地说，他也许不完全认同这个群体的观念。
高考英语选择题答题技巧高考英语选择题答题技巧导语：英语学习是一个长期奋斗的过程，只有策略、技巧和方法是不够的,还必须有刻苦学习的恒心和毅力。
如果没有奋斗的激情，离开坚持不懈的努力，我们很难获得成功。
为了让各位同学距离成功更迈向一大步，下面小编分享高考英语选择题答题技巧给大家，欢迎大家阅读参考!1. 找准关键词语有时题干中带有对解题起着关键作用的词语，如果能迅速找准这些词语，再结合各选项的意义和特点，就能很快选出正确答案。
例如：The Foreign Minister said, \"_______ our hope that the two sideswill work towards peace.\"A. This isB. There isC. That isD. It is解析：在名词性从句中，that既无词义，也不作句子成分，连接一个句子成分完整的陈述句。
根据句意和句子结构，特别是that的暗示，可判断题干为一个含有主语从句的复合句，句首的it为形式主语，真正的主语为其后的that从句，故最佳答案为D。
2. 分析句子结构有些试题的考点本来十分简单，但命题者却通过使用定语从句，或者将我们熟悉的固定词组有意拆分，重新组合，使我们在结构上产生错觉，出现迷惑。
这时，我们只要保持清醒的头脑，仔细分析句子的.结构，就会拨开迷雾。
例如：We keep in touch _____ writing often。
A. withB. ofC. onD. by解析：许多同学根据keep in touch with(与....。
.保持联系)这一搭配推断出此题应选A。
但是选A错了，因为套此搭配此句意思不通，正确答案应是D，by 表示方式，bywriting 意为\"通过写信\"，全句意为\"我们通过经常写信保持联系\"。
请再看两例：(1) We\'ve talked a lot _____ cars. What about trains?A. ofB. withC. aboutD. in解析：由于受 a lot of 这一常用结构的影响，许多同学毫不犹豫地选了A，但是错了。
在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词在人称和数上必须和主语保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。
主谓一致大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致。
语法一致原则语法一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。
1．单数名词、代词、动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。
►To study French well is not easy.学好法语不容易。
►What he said is very important for us all.他说的话对我们大家很重要。
【注意】由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式；但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。
►What I bought were three Chinese books.我买的是三本中文书。
►What I say and do are helpful to you.我所说的、所做的都对你有帮助。
2．由连接词and或both...and...连接起来的合成主语后面，谓语动词要用复数形式。
►Both she and he are middle school students.他和她都是中学生。
【注意】(1)若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或事(物)时，主语后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。
►The writer and artist has come.那个兼有作家和艺术家双重身份的人来了。
►To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit.早睡早起是个好习惯。
(2)由and连接的并列单数主语前如果有no, each, every, more than a(an), many a(an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。
►No boy and no girl likes it.男孩和女孩没有一个喜欢这个的。
专题01 谓语动词真题汇编（19-23）养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
1．（2022·天津·高考真题）Food and medical supplies________ to all the residents after the hurricane last Sunday.A．distribute B．distributedC．are distributed D．were distributed【答案】D【详解】考查动词的时态和语态。
句意：上周日飓风过后，食品和药品供给被分发给了所有居民。
分析句子成分可知，Food and medical supplies作主语，为复数，与动词distribute“分发”为动宾关系，故需要用被动语态be distributed；根据后文last Sunday“上周日”可知，句子需要用一般过去时态，故be动词要用were。
故选D项。
2．（2022·天津·高考真题）Critical reasoning, together with problem-solving, ________ teenagers to make better decisions.A．prepare B．preparesC．is preparing D．are preparing【答案】B【详解】考查主谓一致和时态。
谓语动词分类网络知识结构P严宾涪屮芨物动词丰Y 双宾语心.复台宾语P 子及物动词*I 系动词：be, seem, mm, become 等十表语 [doing QI be + [^done^助动词 have +J done 中 \ | been doing *do ( does, did>'vvw>-牡-/,will shall, would, should*-1X. wwvw*-宀_/W 态动词 i may. can, must, might, could^1. 行为动词(实义动词)：实义动词词义完整，能独立作 谓语，可分成：及物动词(transitive verb )和不及物动 词(intransitive verb )。
及物动词后面必须跟宾语，意义才完整的实义动词，叫做及物动词(transitive verb )。
英语中的及物动词有： interest ，worry ， guess,please,surprise,love 等 “ How long can I keep the book ” Harry ask 里问：这本书我可以借多久 ？”不及物动词本身意义完整，后面不用跟宾语的实义动词，叫做不及物动词( intransitive verb )。
Birds can fly.鸟会飞。
It happe ned in June 1932. 这件事发生于一九三二年六月。
My watch stopped.我的表停了。
1 •及物动词要求有宾语①Mr . Smith gave his wife twenty pounds for her birthday .史密斯先生给了他的妻子20英镑过生日。
② He asked the teacher a few questio ns .他向老师问了几个问题。
③ We have frie nds all over the world. 我们的朋友遍天下。
学位英语词汇、结构、语法专项提升练习1．The cost of living in big cities ________ steadily for many years，and it has led some youths to drop out of the big city race.A．is climbingB．is being climbedC．has been climbingD．has been climbedC【答案】C【详解】考查时态。
句意：许多年以来，大城市的生活费用稳步增高，这导致许多年轻人逃离了大城市。
表示一个从过去开始但仍在进行的动作，用现在完成进行时，故选C。
2．Our capacity for innovation is not strong, and our weakness _____ core technologies for key fields remains a vital problem.A．in response toB．in line withC．in face ofD．in terms ofD【答案】D考查介词短语辨析。
句意：我们的创新能力并不强，我们在关键领域的核心科技的弱点依然是个重要的问题。
in response to响应，回答; in line with…与…一致，相符; in face of…面对；in terms of 在…方面。
指在某方面的弱点,故选D。
3．It was nearly a week _______ the rescue team located the crashed plane.A．sinceB．beforeC．untilD．afterB【答案】B【详解】考查时间状语从句。
A. since自从；B. before在……之前；C. until直到；D. after 在……之后。
句意：救援队花了将近一周的时间才找到坠毁的飞机。
LECTURE 10 否定结构本堂目标：学会识别7种不同的否定结构，熟悉几种容易引起误解的否定结构与否定形式，熟练掌握各种否定结构的意义，准确翻译含有否定结构的句子。
基础预习英语中的否定结构根据其表达方式的不同，可以分为以下几类：一、一般否定指否定谓语部分来实现对全句的否定，构成形式是在系动词、助动词或情态动词后加否定词not来实现的。
Specialists in history and economics, have shown two things: that the period from 1650 to 1750was marked by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may haveactually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace.【点睛】本句所包含的否定结构借助组动词did，在其后加not构成。
【译文】历史学和经济学方面的专家已经证明了两件事：从1650年到1750年期间以极度贫困为特征，而工业化显然没有使这种状况恶化；事实上却可能改善了绝大多数平民百姓的生活条件。
二、部分否定指否定词not和表示全体意义的代词(all，every，etc.)或副词配合使用，表示“并非…都是…”之意。
But not all parts of the brain are equally involved; the limbic system (the “emotional brain”) isespecially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relativelyquiet.【点睛】否定词not和表示全体意义的代词all搭配使用，表示部分否定.【译文】但并不是我们大脑所有部分的活动都是均等的；边缘系统（“感情大脑”）尤其活跃，而前额部分的脑皮层（理解和推理的中心部位）则相对安静。
英语主谓宾表定状补成分精简解说一．主语：主语(subject)是一个句子的主题(theme)，是句子所陈述的主体。
它的地点一般在一句之首。
可用作主语的有单词、短语、从句以致句子。
1．名词作主语。
Atreehasfallenacrosstheroad.(Little streamsfeedbigrivers.(倒下横在)小河流入大江。
)2．代词用作主语。
You’renotfarwrong.(你差不多对了)。
Hetoldajokebutitfellflat.(他说了个笑话，但没有引人发笑) 3．数词用作主语。
Threeisenough.三个就够了。
Fourfromsevenleavesthree.7减4余3。
4．名词化的形容词用作主语。
Theidleareforcedtowork.Oldandyoungmarchedsidebyside.懒汉被迫劳动。
老小并肩而行。
5．副词用作主语。
Nowisthetime.此刻是时候了。
Carefullydoesit.当心就行。
6．名词化的介词作主语。
Theupsanddownsoflifemustbetakenastheycome.7．不定式用作主语。
Tofindyourwaycanbeaproblem.Itwouldbenicetoseehimagain.你可否找到路可能是一个问题。
8．动名词用作主语。
Smokingisbadforyou.Watchingafilmispleasure,butmakingoneishardwork.9．名词化的过去分词用作主语。
Thedisabledaretoreceivemoremoney. Thedeceaseddiedofoldage.介词短语用作主语。
ToBeijingisnotveryfar.FromYenantoNanniwanwasathree-hourrideonhorseback.11.从句用作主语。
Wheneveryouarereadywillbefine.BecauseSallywantstoleave doesn’tmeanthatwehaveto.12.句子用作主语。
高二英语单项选择练习试题答案及解析1. He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead, because the air-conditioning system ____.A．broke in B．broke up C．broke out D．broke down【答案】D【解析】句意：他不时的停顿擦前额的汗，因为空调系统出故障了。
四个选项的意思是：A.broke in闯入，插话，B. broke up 分手，解体，C. broke out 爆发，D. broke down崩溃，破裂，出故障，所以选D。
【考点】考查动词辨析2. As long as you are confident and determined, you will _______ whatever difficulties you face. A．overcome B．confirm C．grasp D．acquire【答案】A【解析】A. Overcome克服，B. Confirm证实，C. Grasp掌握，D. Acquire获得，句意：只要你很自信和有决心，你就会克服遇到的任何困难。
所以选A。
【考点】考查动词辨析3. Little _______he was saving every penny he earned in order to go to a fashion school.A．the parents did know B．did the parents knowC．knew the parents D．the parents knew【答案】B【解析】句意：他父母几乎不知道他省下挣的每分钱为了去时装学校。
Little是否定词，放在句首的时候，句子的谓语用部分倒装，助动词did提到主语前面，所以选B。
【考点】考查倒装句4. Those in the living room, which are the most ______ to hurt us, are computers, televisionsand lamps.A．possible B．probable C．likely D．possibly【答案】C【解析】固定搭配be likely to do sth很有可能做某事；本题其余三项主语通常是it等非人的名词。
谓语与非谓语使用谓语的情况：句中没有谓语，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的词与已存在谓语主语一致，且中间有并列或转折连词时，需填的词则是谓语动词。
时态考虑要瞻前顾后。
在确定需要使用谓语动词时候，还需要注意谓语动词的时态，语态，主谓一致以及语气。
使用非谓语的情况：句子已有谓语，又不做并列谓语，该动词仍然需要表示动作，此时应该使用动词的非谓语形式。
确定需要使用非谓语时首先要确定该非谓语在句子做何种成分，非谓语做主语时候只能不定式或者ving形式，非谓语做定语时：常用在名词或者代词后，其中不定式做定语有将来的意味，过去分词作定语表示该非谓语动词与前面被修饰的名词或者代词为动宾关系，并且此非谓语动词已经完成了。
现在分词作定语表示该分词与前面被修饰的名词或者代词为主动关系，现在分词作定语表示主动和进行。
非谓语做宾语时，需要实记哪些动词后只能接不定式做宾语，哪些动词后只能接ving做宾语，哪些动词后2者都可接，但是意义不一样。
非谓语做状语时，不定式表示目的，可放在句子前面，也可放在句子后面，不需要与句子隔开。
过去分词作状语表示该分词与句子主语为动宾关系，现在分词作状语时。
表示该分词与句子主语为主动关系1.The first card ____________(design) by J.C.Horsley as a commercial endeavor. designed2.Smaller cars are just one of the directions that the car industry is taking. Also the industry_____is producing_________(produce) cars that pollute less and have a less harmful effect on the environment these days3.Nobody knows what ________would have happened_____________(happen) if she had refused to pay.4.His fear of failure kept him from classroom games that other children ___were playing_______(play) withjoyous abandon.5.……The happiest of people don’t necessarily have the best of everything; they just make the most ofeverything that __comes_____(come) along their way.6.…….The country life he was used to ________has changed____ （change ）greatly since the openingpolicy.7.While most young people are happy overall with the way their lives_____are going__(go),there are stillracial differences.8.When I think back to many positive influence on my childhood, I recognize that some of the greatest gifts I__have received__ (receive) are the lessons I collected from the older people in my life.9.An experienced driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it __helps_ (help) if drivers learn tocorrectly join in traffic jam.10.But she knew most of them ____had drawn____ (draw) pictures of turkeys or tables with food11.For some, practical skills are the essence of education, and therefore, courses on computer science,marketing and finance__is preferred____(prefer 12.It is impossible that he will never again in his life__be given__(give) so much without doing something inreturn13.The international agreement, intended to encourage children not to smoke and______help_____ (help)people kick the habit, ____were signed______ (sign) on February 27 last summer.14.14.He walked in as if he ___had bought_ (buy) the school. And he word quickly got around that he wasfrom New York16.___Taken_____(take) in time and in proper amount, the pill is quite effective.15.We can cut down energy ____consumed_____ (consume) in the automobile industry by means ofimproving the technology.16.I’ll have my laptop____repaired_______ (repair) tomorrow at the authorized service centre.17.This topic is so complicated that I can’t make you _________understand__________(understand) me.18.I have to simplify this complicated problem to make myself ______understood___________(understand)19.She devoted herself to her work. What’s more, she_____improved________(improve)herselfby_____attending______(attend) courses in an open university. Finally, her efforts_____paidoff_______(pay off) and she got a better paying job.20.The issue _____being discussed_______(discuss) now at the meeting is of great importance.21.The issue ______discussed______(discuss) at the meeting last week is of great importance.22.The office lady had her purse_____stolen_____(steal) when __taking_____(take) the subway back to herapartment.23.______Faced___(face) with the traffic jams and serious pollution, we recently have a heated discussion inour class.24.Missing the bus means_____waiting_______(wait) for another hour.25.It is the greatest happiness in this world __to love_______(love )and to be____loved_____(love)26.___Judging__________(judge) from his_____excited________(excite) face, he enjoyed himself at theparty.27.All of us were _____puzzled_____(puzzle) by the ____puzzling_______ (puzzle)question______raised_____(raise) by a six-year-old boy.28.Wise men say ___cultivating_______(cultivate) friendship is just like ____planting______(plant) trees.29.After a rest, we went on ___doing____(do) the same problems.30.I smell something_______burning___(burn) in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute?二、语篇填空用所给动词的适当形式填空。
课程主题：谓语动词学习目标掌握谓语动词的基本用法。
结合高考真题及模拟题分析谓语动词的考点。
教学内容【知识梳理】考点一动词的时态动词各种时态的形式(以do为例) ，加粗的为课标要求掌握的十大时态，其余了解即可。
一般时态进行时态完成时态完成进行时态现在do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 过去did was/were doing had done had been doing将来will/shall do will/shall bedoingwill/shall havedonewill/shall have beendoing过去将来would/shoulddowould/should bedoingwould/shouldhave donewould/should havebeen doing一、一般现在时 (do/does)1.表示经常或习惯性的动作，常与表频率的时间状语连用；也可表示现时的情况或状态等。
例1 New year in Chinese people’s eyes means a family reunion. Every year_sees_(see) the largest annual mass migration on the planet when one sixth of the world’s population travels home to celebrate with their families.2.表示观事实、普遍真理，不受主句的时态限制。
例2 The geography teacher told his students that the earth _moves_ (move)around the sun.3.在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
例3 My mother will be very angry with me when she _finds_ (find) out I’m lying.二、一般过去时(did)1.表示过去某个特定时间或某段时间内所发生的动作或存在的状态。
【备战高考】非谓语动词练习( 含答案 )一、单项选择非谓语动词1．The lecture ________, a lively question-and answer session followed.A． being given B． had been given C． to be given D． having been given 【答案】D【分析】【详解】考察非谓语动词用法。
句意：发布演讲以后，接下来是现场发问时间。
句中逻辑主语lecture与动词give 是被动关系，故需要用被动语态。
being given指正在进行的演讲；to begiven follow 将要发布的演讲。
的动作从前。
应选having been givenD 项。
则重申时间先后，指的是此动作发生在谓语动词2．In 2012, Sun Yang became the first Chinese man _____ an Olympic gold medal in swimming. A． winning B．to winC． having won D． being won【答案】 B【分析】【详解】考察不定式作定语。
句意：在2012年，孙杨成为第一个获取奥运会游泳竞赛金牌的中国男运动员。
当名词前方有序数词修饰或被修饰的词就是序数词的时候，平时要用不定式作定语。
如the first to come and the last to leave，本句中Chinese man前方有序数词the first修饰，所此后边要用不定式作定语。
故 B 项正确。
3．Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and ________ to ruins, the city took on a new look.A．reducing【答案】 C【分析】【详解】B． reduced C． being reduced D． having reduced考察动名词的被动语态。
高一英语“主谓一致”用法归纳一、基本概念所谓一致关系(Agreement)就是在英语句子中各个成分之间必须在人称、数、性等方面要保持一定的语法关系。
在英语中最主要的一致关系是主语与谓语动词之间的一致。
在判断一个句子主语、谓语是否一致时，要遵循下列三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
一般来说，主语的单复数形式决定着谓语动词需要采用的单复数形式。
比较：The student studies very hard.这个学生学习非常努力。
The students study very hard.这些学生学习非常努力。
主谓一致的原则说起来简单，但在实际使用中遇到的情况要复杂很多。
在处理主谓一致的问题时，可依据上面提到的三个原则。
“语法一致”也就是平常说的从语法形式上取得一致，即主语为单数形式，谓语动词亦用单数形式。
“意义一致”就是从意义着眼来处理主谓语一致问题。
有时，主语形式为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词依意义而定，也采用复数形式。
“就近原则”是指谓语动词的人称和数往往和其最近的主语保持一致。
二、基本用法1.集合名词与谓语动词的一致集合名词作主语，如果表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调其成员，则用复数形式。
常用的集合名词有：army,audience,class,club,committee,company,couple,crowd,family,flock,group,government,j-ury, majority,minority,organization,party,personnel,publ-ic,staff,team,union等。
The football team are discussing the problem with the coach now.足球队员们现在正在与教练讨论这个问题。
The police have caught the criminal.警察已经逮捕了那个罪犯。
