必修4unit4 Grammar

Section_ⅢGrammar—现在分词作状语语法图解探究发现①... I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously.②I stood for a minute watching them and then went to greet them.③She stepped back appearing surprised ...④Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in smiling, together with George Cook from Canada.⑤When Darlene Coulon from France came dashing through the door ...⑥Turning around, she saw an ambulance driving away.⑦The old scientist died all of a sudden, leaving the project unfinished.⑧Hearing the news, they jumped for joy.⑨Having smoked too much, he has suffered from lung cancer.[我的发现](1)黑体部分在句中作伴随状语的是①②③④⑤；作时间状语的是⑥；作结果状语的是⑦；作原因状语的是⑧⑨。

(2)比较句⑧和⑨可知：句⑧中动词-ing形式短语为一般式，表示动作与谓语动词同时发生；句⑨中动词-ing形式短语为完成式，表示动作发生在谓语动词之前。

(3)观察句①～⑨可知现在分词的逻辑主语都是句子的主语。

一、现在分词作状语的用法现在分词(短语)在句中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步或伴随状况。

Period Four Grammar & WritingⅠ.用所给词的适当形式填空1．We all thought that Cherry’s ________ was the best.(pronounce)2．You must do the exercises ________.(care)3．The boy showed great ________ in fighting against the enemy.(brave)4．He was so ________ that he gave me many storybooks.(kindness)5．The book is very ________.I am ________ in it.(interest)6．I find this dictionary ________ to my English study and I think it is also of great ________ to you.(use)7．There is little ________ left，so you mustn’t ________ the flowers.(water) 8．This phrase is quite ________ from that one.You must pay attention to the ________ between them.(different)9．The bridge has a ________(wide) of 30 meters.10．Many wild animals are ________ because of excess hunting.(appear)Ⅱ.单项填空1．It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park.It was ________ journey.A．three hour B．a three­hoursC．a three­hour D．three hours2．His composition was written so carelessly that his teacher asked him to ________ it.A．unwrite B．rewriteC．inwrite D．writing3．The ________ TV tower，beyond imagination，is called “the First Tower in Asia”．A．newly­built B．new­builtC．build newly D．built­newly4．Having a knowledge of English ________ you to communicate with foreigners；at the same time it can ________ your mind.A．able; rich B．enable; enrichC．enables; enrich D．enable; rich5．Many students signed up for the ________ race in the sports meeting to be held next week.A．800­meter­long B．800­meters­longC．800 meter length D．800 meters length6．The singer gave a ________ smile to all audience who came to greet her.A．friend B．friendlyC．friendless D．friendship7．Father Christmas is so ________ that he presents every child with a present on Christmas Day.A．kind­heart B．kind­heartedC．kind­hearting D．kindness­hearted8．England as well as America，Canada and so on is ________ country.A．an English­speaking B．an English­spokenC．a speaking­English D．a spoken­English9．He stayed up into midnight yesterday，preparing a ________ report.A．two­thousand words B．two­thousand­wordC．two thousand words D．two thousand word10．He found a lot of ________ were ________.A．passers­by；grown­ups B．passer­bys；growns­upC．passer­bys；grown­ups D．passers­by；growns­upⅢ.根据构词法，猜测下列各题中划线单词的最佳含义1．He has invented a sun­powered car which is very friendly to the environment.A．以太阳能为动力的B．白天开的C．明亮的D．像太阳的2．I have rented a house in the city center，and my landlady is very kind to me.A．姑娘B．妻子C．女上司D．女房东3．She is a very short­sighted girl and she can’t consider the interest of the future at all.A．近视眼的B．目光短浅的C．睫毛短的D．小眼睛的4．This dictionary is of great use.I think spending five yuan on it is verycost­effective.A．明智的B．聪明的C．划算的D．合理的5．Don’t do it until the last moment.You should do it beforehand.A．以前B．用左手C．用右手D．事先6．Perhaps she can’t be admitted into a medical university because she is color­blind.A．色盲的B．瞎的C．色弱的D．成绩差的7．If you are still having a headache，take this_painkiller.A．杀虫剂B．止痛药C．安眠药D．晕车药8．As we all know，most glass is usually see­through.A．看得见的B．明亮的C．光明的D．透明的9．This is an evergreen tree.I like it very much.A．绿的B．曾经绿的C．常青的D．漂亮的10．You are absent­minded again.Please listen to the teacher carefully.A．心不在焉的B．缺席的C．空虚的D．昏昏欲睡的Ⅳ.阅读理解Canyonlands National Park，a famous tourist attraction in Utah where visitors can see arches and other beautiful rock formations(岩石结构)，is a wild and lonely area of rocks，rivers and desert plants.Only native Americans，cowboys，and explorers entered this area before the park was set up in 1964.Even today，it is difficult to walk or ride through the park.The roads are still made of dirt.Driving requires a special vehicle.The National Park Service says Canyonlands National Park is wild America.Rivers created the area as they cut rocks into many different formations.At the center of the park are two deep canyons(峡谷) carved by the Green and Colorado Rivers.Three areas that surround these rivers are included in the park.One of these areas is called the Maze District.This area includes rock art madeby people who lived there more than 2,000 years ago.Yet many people today cannot see the Maze District because it is so difficult to reach.The area is one of the loneliest and wildest areas in the United States.Another area of the park is called the Needles.It includes long，thin，red and white rocks that reach high into the air like fingers on a hand.A good way to see all the areas of Canyonlands National Park is to fly over it.A one­hour trip in a small airplane makes it possible to see the park’s red rocks，arches and flat areas where ancient Indian people once lived.From high in the air，visitors can clearly see the third area of the park—a high broad flat rock known as the Island in the Sky.The island was formed between the two rivers.Another interesting formation is called the Upheaval Dome.This is a huge hole about four hundred and fifty meters deep and one point five kilometers wide.It is considered to be the most unusual geological (地质的) structure in the area.1．Why is Canyonlands National Park referred to as wild America?A．No vehicle is available to go through the park.B．The park today still remains as it was in the past.C．There are a variety of wild animals and plants in it.D．The dirt roads make it hard for anyone to approach.2．What do we know about the Maze District?A．No one is allowed to explore the area.B．It remains unknown to the outside world.C．Its rock art dates back over 2,000 years.D．It is the loneliest and wildest place in the US.3．In order to have a good view of the whole park，the author suggests you go sightseeing ________.A．by air B．by carC．by water D．on foot4．Which of the following has the unique geological structure in Canyonlands National Park?A．The Island in the Sky. B．The Upheaval Dome.C．The Needles. D．The Maze District.5．What can we learn from the passage?A．You can see red and white rocks like fingers in the Upheaval Dome.B．Visitors from other parts of America entered the area in early 1950s.C．The Needles was formed between Green and Colorado Rivers.D．Three separate areas surround Green and Colorado Rivers in the park.Ⅴ.书面表达假设你是李华，在一所农场工作。

二、动词-ing形式作状语的注意事项 1.现在分词的时态 现在分词作状语时，要注意分词的时间性，是用现在分词的一般式(doing)还 是用完成式(having done)。 (1)当现在分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，用分词的一般式。 Walking in the street，I met an old friend of mine. 我正走在大街上，遇到了一位老朋友。(walking和谓语动词met同时发生) (2)当现在分词的动作先发生，而谓语动词的动作后发生时，用分词的完成式。 Having finished the letter，he went to post it. 他写完信后就把它寄了出去。(having finished是先发生的，went to post是后 发生的)
5.让步状语 可以与although/though引导的让步状语从句转换。 Knowing all this(＝Although they knew all this)，they made me pay for the damage. 尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。 Having made up my mind(＝Though I had made up my mind)，I still wanted to play. 尽管我已下定决心，我g形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、方式 或伴随情况等。 1.时间状语 动词的-ing形式作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，所表示的动作与主 句的动作一般是同时发生，有时可由连词when，while，after引出。 Hearing the result(＝When I heard the result)，I couldn’t help jumping. 听到这个结果，我不禁跳了起来。 Having made full preparations(＝After we have made full preparations)， we are ready for the examination. 做了充分的准备之后，我们准备参加考试。

UNIT 4 Never too old to learnIntellectual growth should commence at birth and cease only at death. —Albert Einstein智力发展应始于出生，终于死亡。

——阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦Reading(p 44-45)Learning for life终身学习The more I learn, the better I know how much there is still left to learn. As I journey through my life, I have become aware that acquiring knowledge is not only a means by which you can better understand the world, but also a way of appreciating how much. as an individual, you do not know. The ability to admit this should not be perceived as a weakness, but as a strength. I once had an art teacher, pointing out that it is not only what you can see that is important, but also what you cannot see. When I drew a still life, it was impressed upon me that the blank spaces between the objects were just as vital to the success of the composition as the actual objects themselves. Also, as the great educator Confucius stated, “When you know a thing, to recognize that you know it; and when you do not know a thing, to recognize that you do not know it—that is wisdom.”我学的越多,就越清楚自己还有多少东西要学。