授课教案
年级：初三课程：英语教师：日期：2015/12/3 课题名称现在完成时
教学目标通过对现在完成时的讲解使学生掌握现在完成时的主要知识点和考点。能够运用所学技巧和方法应对中考。
授课类型理论课
教学重点掌握现在完成时的句型结构，时间状语。教学难点动词过去分词的不规则变化
教学方法讲授法、提问法、举例法、练习法
教具及材料白板、资料
课时40分钟
授课内容新课导入
现在完成时的相关题型是每年中考的必考题。一般出现在单选题偶见出现在完形填空以及句子填空题中。因此掌握现在完成时的知识点和考点是中考拿分的重点内容。
这节课我们就现在完成时的重点难点及考点进行详细讲解。
新课讲解
1.含义
1).表示一个动作发生在过去，并且已经结束，强调对现在的影响。（瞬间动词适用于这种情况）
例子： He has just seen the film.他刚刚看过这场电影。
She has passed the exam so far.到目前为止她已经通过了考试
2).表示一个动作发生在过去，并且没有结束，一直持续到现在，并有可能持续到未来。（延续性动词适用于这种情况）
例子：I have lived here for about ten years.
We have been very busy since the new term began.
2.结构
歌诀：
完成时，很简单， have, has 再加done. I, you, we, they 用have，其他has把身现。否定not 加其后，疑问句里提向前。如果要把时间加，since一点，for一段。
强调完成有不同， yet，already句中添。yet否定，疑问见，already表示“已做完”。 never，ever表经历，用在过去分词前，never本身表否定，ever“曾经”句意全。
肯定句：主语+ have/has +动词过去分词
（完成时，很简单， have, has 再加done. I, you, we, they 用have，其他has把身现。）
I have already finished my lunch.
She has just gone out.
练习
A) 选用have, has填空：
1. I _______ told him the news.
2. She _______ come back from school.
3. You _______ won the game.
否定句：主语+ have/has not +动词过去分词（缩写：haven't（否定not 加其后）he has never been there.
Tom hasn’t come back yet.
练习
She has already finished her meal.
疑问句：Have /Has + 主语+ 动词过去分词？（疑问句里提向前）。
简略答语：Yes, 主语 + have / has.(肯定)
No, 主语+ haven’t / hasn’t.(否定)
Have you heard the news yet? Yes, I have.
Have you ever climbed that mountain? No, I haven,t. 上一份练习改成疑问句
让学生回答）
练习
They have lived in Guilin for ten years.
过去分词
1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则：
(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ed ”。
work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited
(2)、以“e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“d ”。
live---lived---lived ,
(3)、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将"y" 变为"i" ，再加“ed ”。
study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried
(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ed ”。
stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped
2 、不规则动词：
AAA型cost cost cost , cut cut cut, read read read 等
AAB型beat beat beaten 等
ABA型come came come run ran run 等
ABB型bring brought brought buy bought bought think thought thought 等ABC型do did done go went gone see saw seen 等
B) 按要求改写下列各句：
4. They have bought a computer. (改成否定句)
_________________________________________
We have finished our homework . (改成否定句)
_________________________________________
5. He has lost his book. (先改成一般疑问句，再作肯定与否定回答)
— ______________________ ______________________
— ______________________ ______________________
They have cleaned the classroom. (先改成一般疑问句，再作肯定与否定回答) — ______________________ ______________________
— ______________________ ______________________
3.标志词：
（1）“已完成”
“过去对现在的影响“
already，表示：已经（肯定句中，可放句中或句末）, yet，表示：已经、还...（否定句和疑问句中，用在句末）, just，表示：刚刚（瞬间动词）
He has already got her help.他已得到她的帮助。
He has just seen the film.他刚刚看过这场电影。
He hasn’t started yet.他还没有动身。
强调到现在为止的的生活经历：（延续性动词）
never，表示从来没有，ever，表示：曾经（长用于否定和疑问句），once,一次twice 两次,three times 三次，so far 到目前为止。
She has never been late for school. 他上学从未迟到过。
Have you ever lived in this hotel? 你曾经住过这个酒店吗？
They have been to Beijing twice. 他们去过两次北京了。
She has passed the exam so far.到目前为止她已经通过了考试。
（2）“未完成”
“过去到现在可能刚刚结束，也可能继续下去”（延续性动词）
since + 过去时间点，表示：自从..
（1）since+（过去的）月份/年份，
（2）since+ 一段时间+ago‘
（3）since+ 一般过去时从句
for + 时间段：表示：持续
I haven’t seen him for two years.
She has taught English for ten years.
延续性动词和非延续性动词的相互转换
初中阶段常见的有：buy—have,leave—be away, borrow—keep, join—be a member / die—be dead, become—be, open (v.)—be open (adj.) come—be, go out—be out, leave—be away (from), begin—be on,等。
He has been away for two years.他已走了两年。
He has been an English teacher since 1992.自从1992年以来他一直当英语教师。
1. He bought the book two weeks ago. = He has had the book for two weeks.
2. She left two years ago. = has been away for two years.
3.He died 20 years ago. = He has been dead for 20 years.
4. The factory opened in 1999. = The factory has been open since 1999.
5. He joined the army three years ago. =He has been in the army for three years
have been in, have been to与have gone to 的用法
1. have(has) been in 意为“已经在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用。如：
Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了
2. have(has) been to意为“曾经去过某地,现在已经回来”，可与just, ever, never，once ,twice等连用。如：
I've just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。
Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾经去过杭州吗？
Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城
They have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。
3. have(has) gone to 意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。如：—Where is Tom? 汤姆在哪里？
—He has gone to the bookshop.他到书店去了。
一，单项选择
1、Both his parents look sad .Maybe
they _________what's happened to him .
Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know
2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?
Ａ. already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. still
3、Have you met Mr Li ______？
Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago
4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year
Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written
5、-Our country ______ a lot so far .
-Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .
Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; good
Ｃ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed ; better
6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .Ａ. was ; studying Ｂ. will ; study
Ｃ. has ; studied Ｄ. are ; studying
7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. knew
8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .
Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see
9、-These farmers have been to the United States .
-Really ? When _____ there ?
Ａ. will they go Ｂ. did they go
Ｃ. do they go Ｄ. have they gone
10、-______ you ___ your homework yet ?
-Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .
Ａ. Did ; do ; finished Ｂ. Have ; done ; finished
Ｃ. Have ; done ; have finished Ｄ. will ; do ; finish
11、His father ______ the Party since 1978 .
Ａ. joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in
12、-Do you know him well ?
- Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .
Ａ. were Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have become Ｄ. have made
13、-How long have you ____ here ?
-About two months .
Ａ. been Ｂ. gone Ｃ. come Ｄ. Arrived
14、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .
Ａ. has begun Ｂ. had begun Ｃ. has been onＤ. Began 15、It _____ ten years since he left the army .
Ａ. is Ｂ. has Ｃ. will Ｄ. was
16、Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library .
Ａ.has gone Ｂ. went Ｃ.will go Ｄ. has been
17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .
Ａ. have been in Ｂ. have been to
Ｃ. have gone to Ｄ. have been
18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ?
A. so they
B. don't they
C. have they
D. haven't they
19、has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?
A. How soon, comes
B. How often, got
C. How long, came
D. How far, arrived
20、His uncle ______ for more than 9 years.
A. has come here
B. has started to work
C. has lived there
D. has left the university
二、句型转换
1、The old man _________ last year. He _________ for a year. (die) （动词填空）
2、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换)
This factory ________________________ for twenty years.
3、Jim ____________(make) many friends since he ____________（come) to China.
4、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)
Miss Gao ________ _______ ________ ________ an hour ago.
5、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）
Her mother _______ the Party three years ________ .
6、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个句子) ___________________________________________