翻译中英汉句子对比讲解
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从翻译实例看英汉对比翻译、英语原文赏析So far as my small experience goes,the most wonderfularrival in the world is at Venice ; but you should time itafter dark.Venice is so unlike anything else on earth thatthe first impact of it must be a marvelous experienceatany hour ;but after dark it is magical.You may have been reading books about Venice all your life ;you may have seen innumerable pictures of the glories of the city ;but no book and no picture can prepare you for the enchantment of thisarrival.To step out of the glitter and bustleof thestation — rather weary and jaded with the long journey fromMila n — straight on to the landing stage aga instwhich thewater of the Grand Canal is lapping , to step on boardagondola and to go gliding down the dark ,broad ,silent highway,with dim-lit ,ghostly palaces on either handnot till memory forsakes you will you forgetthisexperience.The strange silence ,broken only by the measureddip of the oar and the soft plashing of the wateragainstyour cleaving prow ,and the occasional hoarsecries of the gondoliers as you pass another of these black ,funeralbarges ;the few and feeble lamps ,giving you momentaryglimpses of balconies and finely carven arches ;the suddenintensification of the silence and the darkness asyouabruptly leave the Grand Canal and slip along one ofthenarrower waterways ,always with tall houses on both sidesof you, and above you a clear sky of stars , stars reflectedtremblingly on the black waters —thousa nds of touristsmust have tried to describe all this , but the magic and the mystery and the beauty of it defy humanspeech.And the spellis heightened by the consciousness that this isVenicat the back of your mind is all that you have readaboutthe strange history of this city ,once the richest and mostbrilliant and most powerful in Europe ,later fallen uponevil days of decay and subjection to a foreinpower,now beginning to lift her head again as one of thegreatseaports ofItaly.二、译文(英译汉)在有限的阅历当中,我所到过的世界上最美丽的地方要数威尼斯了,但是,你应该选择在夜幕降临以后再去参观。
第五章英汉句子对比与翻译第一节英汉在连贯方式上的“形合”与“意合”连贯是句子依据合理的语义和逻辑关系,恰当地连为一体的语篇特征,但在重意合的汉语中,这种特征往往隐含在上下文中,呈“隐性”状态,但这并不妨碍汉语读者对其阅读和理解,因为汉语是依靠语篇的语境意义来弥补其在逻辑和连贯方面的不足,而英语语篇中的逻辑和连贯关系则表现出“显性”的特征,既它的逻辑和连贯关系是通过外在的形式,既词法和句法结构来体现的,因此,在翻译过程中,译者就应该注意这种“隐性”和“显性”之间的转换。
翻译练习:1)We crossed the Y angtze and arrived at the station, where I bought a ticket while he saw to myluggage… At the sight of his back tears started to my eyes, but I wiped them hastily so that neither he nor anyone else might see them.2)As the weather was getting better, we decided to go for an outing the next day.3)Three month later, when he had spent all his five dollars, he felt obliged to climb onto slow-goingfreight trains, despite the police’s pursuits or arrests.4)It was only his legendary travel experiences, especially the experiences of his visit to the northern partof Shaanxi Province 60 years ago that determined his lifetime cause, thus closely connoting his life with the Chinese revolution.第二节英汉在语义层次表达上的“形合”和“意合”进行英汉对比研究的学者们常将英语句子比作树木结构,将汉语的句子比作竹子结构。
英汉翻译中的句子结构差异分析
1. 英语中主语+谓语+宾语的结构在汉语中常被翻译为主语+宾语+谓语的结构。
例如:英语句子 "I drink tea" 在汉语中翻译为 "我喝茶"。
2. 汉语中的定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前,而英语中的定语一般放在被修饰的名词之后。
例如:英语句子 "a red car" 在汉语中翻译为"一辆红色的车"。
3. 汉语中的状语位置较为灵活,可以放在句首、句中或句尾,而英语中的状语一般放在句尾。
例如:英语句子 "I often go to the park" 在汉语中翻译为 "我经常去公园"。
4. 英语中存在被动语态,而汉语中没有被动语态,因此在翻译时需要将被动语态转换为主动语态。
例如:英语句子 "The book was written by him" 在汉语中翻译为 "他写的书"。
5. 汉语中的句子通常比英语中的句子更加简洁,在翻译时可能需要增加一些修饰语或补充语来传达完整的意思。
例如:英语句子 "He is a teacher" 在汉语中翻译为 "他是一位老师"。
以上只是一些常见的句子结构差异,实际翻译时还会受到具体语境和文化差异的影响。
正确的翻译需要考虑词语选择、语序调整和意义传递等因素。
英汉语语句联接关系的对比及在翻译中的转换英汉语语句联接关系的对比及在翻译中的转换:一、并列关系英文表达时较为普遍,中文中也有此类表达方式。
使用“和”、“以及”、“并且”等词语,表示紧密的连续关系,对于完整句子的理解和翻译至关重要。
示例:英文:I went to the library and borrowed some books.中文翻译:我去了图书馆并借了一些书。
二、转折关系英语中常用的转折关系相关词语有“but”、“however”、“although”等,在句子中扮演着“承前启后”的作用。
而在中文中则大多使用介词“但是”、“然而”、“尽管如此”等,为句子衔接提供一定的语境。
示例:英文:He is very talented, but he lacks discipline.中文翻译:他非常有才华,但缺乏纪律性。
三、因果关系英文中因果关系的表达较为丰富,包括“because”、“since”、“as a result”等,通过对句子的组织来体现行为之间的联系。
在中文中,一般使用“因为”、“由于”、“所以”等来表示所述行为的原因和目的。
示例:英文:She was late because the train was delayed.中文翻译:她迟到了是因为火车晚点了。
四、对比关系对比关系常常用于表述相对性的概念,英文中的表达方式较为丰富,如“although”、“whereas”、“while”等。
在中文中,也有“虽然”、“然而”等表达方式来加深对比关系的理解。
示例:英文:He is rich, while I am poor.中文翻译:他很富有,而我很贫穷。
五、条件关系英文中规定、保证句式等表达方式为条件关系,包括“if”、“provided that”、“as long as”等。
在中文中一般使用“如果”、“只要”等分句方式来表达条件关系。
示例:英文:If it rains, we will stay inside.中文翻译:如果下雨,我们会呆在室内。