第二单元 第二章 第一节 随堂自测
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人八上英语U nit 2 随堂练Section AI. 根据句意及所给提示补全单词,或用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. The baby had no _________ (ill) this winter because heate a lot of vegetables and fruit.2. We should brush our t twice a day.3. There's something wrong with my two _________ ( 脚).4. Can you give me some a on how to learnEnglish well?5. The doctor told me to open my m and say "Ah".6. Your daughter _________ (发烧). I think you shouldtake her to see a doctor at once.II. 句型转换,每空一词。
1. What's wrong with your brother? (改为同义句)What's _______ _______ with your brother?2. You should eat something now. (改为否定句)You ________ eat ________ now.3. He had a toothache last week. (就画线部分提问)_______ _______ he ________ a toothache?4. My mother has a sore throat.(改为一般疑问句并作否定回答)—_______ your mother _______ a sore throat?—No, she ________.5. Maybe Mr Yang is at home now. (改为同义句)Mr Yang ________ ________ at home now.Section BI. 根据句意及所给首字母提示补全单词。
第二单元4 古诗三首第一课时1.默写古诗《山行》。
2.根据诗意写诗句。
(1)深秋时节,山间有一条小路弯弯曲曲地伸向远方。
(2)在山林深处白云缭绕的地方,隐隐约约有几户人家。
(3)我停下车子不走,是因为我喜欢这夕阳照耀下的枫树林。
(4)被秋霜打过的枫叶比春天的鲜花还要红艳。
第二课时1.写出自己对加点字词的理解。
赠刘景文宋·苏轼荷尽..犹有傲霜..枝。
...,菊残..已无擎雨盖一年好景君.须记,最是橙黄橘绿时.....。
2.用自己的话写出《赠刘景文》这首诗的意思。
第三课时1.写出自己对加点字词的理解。
夜书所见(宋代)叶绍翁萧萧..。
..梧叶送寒声,江上秋风动客情知有儿童挑促织..一灯明。
...,夜深篱落2.用自己的话写出《夜书所见》这首诗的意思。
参考答案第一课时1.远上寒山石径斜,白云生处有人家。
停车坐爱枫林晚,霜叶红于二月花。
2.(1)远上寒山石径斜(2)白云生处有人家(3)停车坐爱枫林晚(4)霜叶红于二月花第二课时1.(1)荷尽:荷花枯萎,残败凋谢。
(2)擎:举,向上托。
雨盖:旧称雨伞,诗中比喻荷叶舒展的样子。
(3)菊残:菊花凋谢。
(4)傲霜:不怕霜动寒冷,坚强不屈。
(5)君:原指古代君王,后泛指对男子的敬称,您。
(6)橙黄橘绿时:指橙子发黄、橘子将黄犹绿的时候,指农历秋末冬初。
2.荷花凋谢连那擎雨的荷叶也枯萎了,只有那开败了菊花的花枝还傲寒斗霜。
一年中最好的景致你一定要记住,那就是在橙子金黄、橘子青绿的秋末冬初的时节啊。
第三课时1.(1)萧萧:风声。
梧:梧桐树。
(2)客情:旅客思乡之情。
(3)挑:捉。
促织:俗称蟋蟀,有的地区叫蛐蛐儿。
(4)篱落:篱笆。
2.瑟瑟的秋风吹动梧桐树叶,送来阵阵寒意,江上吹来秋风,使出门在外的我不禁思念起自己的家乡。
5 铺满金色巴掌的水泥道第一课时1.读拼音,写字词。
ní tǔ shuǐ jīng jǐn zhāng jiǎo yìn ()()()()chí dào pái lièɡuī zé()()()2.照样子写词语。
Unit2 随堂检测一、单项选择。
( )1.Mrs.Brown ________ her son for stealing her money. She made him do a lot of chores. A.punished B.improved C.created D.treated( )2.—Excuse me. I wonder ________. —Yes, there is. It’s just in front of the supermarket. A.where the nearest hospital is B.if there is a bank near here C.how I can post the letter( )3.—NBA star Kobe Bryant’s private plane crashed. I wonder ________. —All the nine people died including his 13-year-old daughter, Gianna. A.where the accident happened B.who insisted on flying that day C.what was the weather like that day D.if anyone survived in the accident( )4.I can’t say_________or not they can come on time.A.that B.if C.when D.whether( )5.—I don't know ________ it or not. —I don't know, either. Let's go and ask Mr. Li. A.if to do B.to do what C.whether to do D.to do whether ( )6.His grandma __________ for more than ten years. A.has died B.has been dead C.has dead D.has been died( )7.I have two brothers. One is a student in a middle school,and _________is a teacher at a college. A.other B.the other C.others D.another( )8.—Excuse me, I wonder _______. —Yes, it’s near the bookshop. A.where we will go for the holiday B.if there is a lost and found office C.when she will give me a call D.how can we go to Hong Kong( )9.I __________ a dog as a pet. But now I keep a cat. A.used to keep B.used to keeping C.am used to keeping D.am used to keep( )10.I wonder________he will come back home tomorrow. A.that B.whether C.what( )11.Everybody in our school ________ Peter __________the singing competition. A.admire, because B.admire; for winning C.admires, to win D.admires; for winning( )12.The police warned the thief _______again. A.not to steal B.to not steal C.not steal D.not stealing( )13.The old song ________me ________an experience I once had. A.takes;to B.wakes;up C.gives;to D.reminds;of( )14.—Excuse me, can you teach me how to __________this new word? —No problem. Look at my mouth and listen carefully. A.prove B.pronounce C.prepare D.produce( )15.I often doubt ________. A.that this song is worth listening B.if this songis worth listening C.that this song is worth listening to D.if this song is worth listening to二、单词填空。
Unit2 随堂检测一、单项选择。
( )1.The old song ________me ________an experience I once had. A.takes;to B.wakes;up C.gives;to D.reminds;of( )2.Mr. Lee, wait a moment, please. I don’t want to ________much of your time. But I really have something important to tell you. A.give up B.take up C.end up D.set up( )3.Their hometown isn’t similar ______ ours. Our hometown is bigger and more beautiful. A.with B.in C.to D.for( )4.一fine it is today!Let's go for a walk. 一That sounds good.Let's go. A.What B.How C.Which( )5.________exciting news it is! Beijing will hold 2022 Winter Olympic Games. A.What an B.What C.How D.How an( )6.__________ comes in must keep quiet. A.Whatever B.Whenever C.However D.Whoever( )7.I have some tickets for the volleyball match. I wonder________. A.when did you buy the tickets B.why you liked to go there C.who do you watch the match D.if you'd like to go with me( )8.The high speed train Qingdao and Beijing travels faster now. The train ride takes only about three hours. A.from B.among C.in D.between ( )9.I wonder _______you have told the idea to Daming. He still looks angry. A.who B.if C.that D.what( )10.—When can I know the result, Sally? —Be ________, Bob! You will know it at 4:30 this afternoon. A.careful B.patient C.brave D.active( )11.The Dragon Boat Festival is a_______ festival_______ China. A.tradition; of B.traditional; of C.tradition; at D.traditional; at( )12.We’d better ________ our sports meeting because it’s going to rain. A.put on B.put up C.put off D.put down( )13.—I heard NBA star Kobe Bryant’s private helicopter (直升机) crashed. I wonder________. —All the nine people died including his 13-year-old daughter, Gianna.( )14.The man asked ________ there________ a park near here. A.where, is B.if, is C.if, was D.how, was( )15.─Where did you put my book? ─I _________ it on the bookshelf. A.lie B.lied C.lay D.laid二、单词填空。
创新英语2随堂测试测试版Unit 2随堂检测第一部分:听力(共两节,满分20分)略第二部分:英语知识运用(共两节,满分35分)第一节:单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
21. - Who has broken the cup on the table, Jane?-____. The cat knocked it to the ground.A. Take your timeB. It was not my faultC. I didn't mean itD. Forget it22.1 lay on my back, listening to the sound of the windin the trees.A. sighingB. defendingC. celebratingD. spreading23. - Excuse me, is there a hotel around____ I can have a rest? - -Yes. Go down this street and you'll find one on your left.A. whereB. whichD. why24. Much to our surprise, the test that we sat last Friday was more challengingthanA. supposingB. to supposeC. supposedD. suppose25.一_Would it be,to ask where you come from?-I'm from France.A. upsetB. cuteC. toughD. rude26. Every month T om gets some pocket money from his parents with clear adviceon.he should deal with it.A. howB. whereD. why27. I always have some extra cash with me forA. behaviorsB. messagesC. emergenciesD.experiences28. He left his phone at the restaurant, and when he returned to get it, itA. was goneB. had goneC. has goneD. has been gone29. We were having dinner when suddenly the lightso we had to light acandle to continue.A. turned upB. lit upC. put outD. wentout30. Back in 1950 Bourton was a sleepy lttle village, but things____ alot sincethen.A. would changeB. have changedC. had changedD. werechanging31. There was snow everywhere,___ the shape of things was difficult to makeA. now thatB. as ifC. even ifD. so that32. If any of you breals the rules, you will get what you,A. explainB. deserveC. tolerateD. want33. Believe it or not, Richard had his pocketwhen he was riding the bus toschool this morning.A. to pickB. pickedC. pickingD. to be picked34. He is a wise leader,we can turn for advice whenever we are in trouble.A. to whomB. for whomC. who .D. that35. The old lady found her house had been broken into and itwas____,but nothing seemed to be missing.A.inawayB. in a messC. in orderD. in line第二节:完形填空(共20小题;每小题1分,满分20分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A. B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
一、听音,选择听到的内容(听力题)1. 听录音,选出你所听到的字母或单词。
( )1. A. B B. C C. D( )2. A. c B. a C. b( )3. A. red B. black C. green( )4. A. brown B. blue C. orange( )5. A. white B. yellow C. black二、听音排序(听力题)2. 听录音,用数字给相应的中文排序。
( ) 下午好,吴一凡。
( ) 见到你很高兴。
( ) 把它涂成棕色吧!( ) 见到你也很高兴。
( ) 棕色,棕色。
转个圈。
三、听音判断(听力题)3. 听录音,判断所听内容与下列图片是否一致,一致的打“√”,不一致的打“×”。
( ) 1.( ) 2.( ) 3.( ) 4.( ) 5.四、听音,选择正确答案(听力题)4. 听录音,选择你所听到的句子,读两遍。
( ) 1. A. Touch the ground. B. Turn around.( ) 2. A. Colour it brown! B. Colour it black!( ) 3. A. I have a book. B. I have a duck.( ) 4. A. Wow! A yellow flower. B. Wow! An orange flower.五、单选题(选择题)5. 春天到了,的颜色是 ( )A.black B.blue C.green6. 秋天到了,的颜色是 ( )A.yellow B.blue C.green7. It’s _________. ( )A.red, blue and green B.red, yellow and green8. —Nice to meet you. ( )—______A.I’m OK.B.Nice to meet you, too.9. 的颜色是 ( )A.blue and black B.black and white C.red and pink六、写出问答句(句型转换)10. Is grandpa in the library? (作否定回答)_______________________________七、选内容补全对话/短文(补全对话/短文)11. 根据上下文意思,选择正确的选项使对话完整。
新人教版pep小学六年级英语上册随堂测试Unit 2 Part A Let's try-Let's talk一、选出不同类的单词。
()1. A. car B. ship C. school()2. A. how B. what C. exercise()3. A. sometimes B. usually C. near()4. A. school B. bus C. bike()5. A. walk B. bike C. find二、连词成句。
1. you, do, the, come, how, to, school(?)______________________________2. can, how, go, the, science, to, they, museum(?)______________________________2.I, come, foot, on, to, school(.)______________________________ually, I, go, school, to, bus, by(.)______________________________5. is, exercise, that, good(.)______________________________三、阅读短文,完成句子。
Amy’s home is far from school.Every day she gets up early. First, she goes to the bus stop on foot at7: 10 a.m.Then she goes to the post office by bus. At last she goes to school on foot.1. How does Amy go to school ?First, she goes to the bus stop _______.Then, she goes to the post office _______.At last she goes to school _______.2. Amy’s school is _______ her home.答案一、1. C 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. B二、1. How do you come to the school? 2. How can they go to the science museum?3. I come to school on foot.4. I usually go to school by bus.5. That is good exercise.三、1. on foot; by bus; on foot 2. far from。
Unit 2 My Country and English-speaking CountriesLesson 7 China一、根据首字母提示和实际情况填空。
1. Beijing is the c__________ city of China.2. —What color is China’s flag? — It is r__________.3. How many stars does it have? It has f__________ stars.4. — What colour are the stars? — They are y__________.5. We live in C__________ .We speak C__________.二、单项选择。
( ) 1. Beijing is the capital city __________China.A. forB. inC. of( ) 2. This is Tian’anmen Square in Beijing. It’s very__________A. bigB. longC. old( ) 3. The flag of China__________ five yellow stars.A. hasB. haveC. are( ) 4. This is the Great Wall. It’s very__________.A. bigB. longC. new三、连词成句。
1. is Tian’anmen Square this Beijing in(.)_________________________________________2. is this map of country a our( .)_________________________________________3. the China capital city Beijing is of(.)_________________________________________4. the is Palace Museum this(.)_________________________________________5. this do what country speak they in(?)__________________________________________答案:一、1. capital 2. red 3. five 4. yellow 5. China;Chinese二、1. C 2. A 3. A 4. B三、1. This is Tian’anmen Square in Beijing.2. This is a map of our country.3. Beijing is the capital city of China.4. This is the Palace Museum.5. What do they speak in this country ?Lesson 8 Canada一、连线。
Unit 2 随堂小测试1Ⅰ. 根据语境及所给首字母提示,补全句中所缺单词。
1. Hamburgers are not healthy food so I h eat them.2. —Do you do the h at home, Peter?—Yes. I often clean the house and do the dishes.3. —Can you go to a movie with me this evening, John?—Sorry, I can’t. This evening is quite f for me. I have many things to do.4. I know my mother’s favorite p is Animal World.5. —How many times did you go to Hong Kong?—Only o .Ⅱ. 根据语境,从方框中选择恰当的单词填空。
2. It is raining harder than _________.3. Now lots of young people like shopping on the _________.4. —Does your father often _________?—Yes. He often runs and plays volleyball.5. —I heard Cindy cry _________ yesterday.—Yes. She didn’t feel well.Ⅲ. 根据句意及所给汉语提示,用恰当的短语填空。
1. Maria, do you often ________________ (逛商店)?2. Every evening Helen ________________ (帮着做家务) at home.3. ________________ (多久一次) does Bill play soccer?4. Ms. Jones ________________ (几乎不) speaks Chinese in English class.5. Jane and her brother are learning ________________ (摇摆舞).Ⅳ. 根据对话内容,从方框中选择恰当的选项补全对话,其中有两项多余。
Unit 2 My schoolbagPEP 四年级上册Let’s talk & Let’s playQ1Read and AnswerWhat colour is Amy’s new schoolbag?What’s in it?Q2Amy: Hi, Chen Jie. I have a new schoolbag.Chen Jie: Really?Amy: Look! It’s black and white.Chen Jie: Wow! It’s a panda!Chen Jie: What’s in your schoolbag?Amy: An English book, a maths book, three storybooks and …Chen Jie: It’s a fat panda.An English book, a maths book, threestorybooks and... 一本英语书、一本数学书、三本故事书和……知识点 1用法:这个句子是关于对很多事物的列举的一种句式,当列举到最后一个事物时,前面常加上and 来连接。
考向1a和an 的用法考向2a一(个,只,把……)用于以辅音音素开头的单词前I have a pen.我有一支钢笔。
an一(个,只,把……)用于以元音音素开头的单词前I have an apple.我有一个苹果。
名词复数当物品的数量为两个或两个以上时则要用可数名词的复数形式,变化规则如下。
考向3情况变化规则例词一般情况在词尾加s pen—pens 钢笔以s, sh, ch, x 等结尾的词在词尾加esbox—boxes 盒子peach—peaches 桃子以辅音字母+y结尾的词变y为i加es family—families家庭candy—candies 糖两人一组,利用书包、课本等模仿课文情景,练习对话,并使用句型 My new schoolbag is ...What’s in it? ...帮小动物把错误的复数气球放飞b a g sbages b a by sbabiesf o x e s f o x i e s h e r o s h e r o e s 帮小动物把错误的复数气球放飞A pencil?一支铅笔吗?知识点 2用法及答语这是一个省略问句。
1.将甲基绿—派洛宁染液在蟾蜍血涂片上滴两滴,DNA和RNA分别呈现的颜色是() A.红色红色B.绿色红色C.绿色绿色D.红色绿色解析:选B。
甲基绿使DNA呈现绿色,派洛宁使RNA呈现红色。
2.下列有关真核生物DNA的叙述,错误的是()A.主要存在于细胞核内B.基本单位是脱氧核糖核苷酸C.含有A、T、G、C 4种碱基D.不是真核生物的遗传物质解析:选D。
真核生物具细胞结构,DNA是所有具细胞结构生物的遗传物质。
3.菠菜的根尖分生区细胞内,DNA存在于()A.细胞核B.细胞质C.细胞核、线粒体D.细胞核、线粒体和叶绿体解析:选C。
真核细胞内的DNA主要分布在细胞核中,也有少量分布在叶绿体和线粒体中。
根尖分生区细胞内无叶绿体,所以DNA只分布在细胞核和线粒体内。
4.(2019·福建龙岩中学高一检测)下列核苷酸中,在RNA结构中不.可能具有的是()解析:选C。
碱基T只参与DNA的合成,在RNA中没有。
U只参与RNA的合成,在DNA 中没有。
5.下列关于核酸的叙述中不.正确的是()A.核酸是一切生物的遗传物质B.核酸的基本组成单位是脱氧核糖核苷酸C.不同生物所具有的DNA和RNA有差异D.DNA主要分布在细胞核中解析:选B。
核酸是一切生物的遗传物质,其基本组成单位为核苷酸,其中DNA主要存在于细胞核中,RNA主要存在于细胞质中,不同生物的核酸有差异。
6.如图表示生物体内与某种物质有关的内容,请分析回答:(1)A包括________________________等元素。
(2)B的名称叫________,1分子的B是由____________、________、________组成的,其连接方式是(用图示表示)。
(3)C的作用是_____________________________________________________________。
(4)可利用__________________对细胞进行染色,在显微镜下观察D、E的分布,物质D被________染成________色,物质E被________染成________色。
解析:根据框架图由后往前推,D为DNA,E为RNA,C为核酸,B为核苷酸,A为C、H、O、N、P,甲基绿使DNA呈现绿色,派洛宁使RNA呈现红色。
答案:(1)C、H、O、N、P(2)核苷酸磷酸五碳糖含氮碱基见右图(3)携带遗传信息,在遗传、变异和蛋白质的生物合成中具有重要作用(4)甲基绿、派洛宁染色剂甲基绿绿派洛宁红一、选择题1.(2019·深圳高中高一检测)下列哪项不.属于DNA和RNA的区别()A.组成二者的五碳糖不同B.组成二者的碱基不完全相同C.在细胞中,DNA主要存在于细胞核中,RNA主要存在于细胞质中D.生物以DNA作为遗传物质,而RNA不属于遗传物质解析:选D。
DNA和RNA的区别主要体现在以下几个方面:①基本组成单位不同,DNA 的基本组成单位是脱氧核糖核苷酸,五碳糖是脱氧核糖,碱基是A、T、C、G,RNA的基本组成单位是核糖核苷酸,其中五碳糖是核糖,碱基组成为A、U、C、G。
②真核细胞中DNA和RNA存在的部位不同,DNA主要在细胞核中,RNA主要在细胞质中。
2.玉米根尖细胞所含的核酸中,含有碱基A、G、C、T的核苷酸种类数是()A.8 B.7C.5 D.4解析:选B。
玉米属于真核生物,其根尖细胞内所含有的核酸既有DNA又有RNA。
根据核酸的组成我们知道:组成DNA的是含有A、T、G、C的4种脱氧核苷酸,组成RNA的是含有A、U、G、C的4种核糖核苷酸。
由于题目中没有提到U,所以含有碱基A、G、C、T的核苷酸种类数共有8-1=7种,事实上,玉米根尖细胞的核苷酸种类数是8。
3.含有2019个碱基的DNA分子片段彻底水解后得到的物质种类数最多为()A.1种B.5种C.6种D.8种解析:选C。
彻底水解后的物质不是DNA的基本组成单位脱氧核糖核苷酸,而是核苷酸继续水解形成的脱氧核糖、磷酸和4种不同的碱基,因此得到的产物有6种。
4.(2019·合肥一中高一检测)在下列表示腺嘌呤脱氧核糖核苷酸结构的简图中,正确的是()解析:选D。
腺嘌呤脱氧核苷酸由一分子磷酸、一分子脱氧核糖和一分子腺嘌呤组成,腺嘌呤连接在1号碳上,磷酸连接在5号碳上。
5.(2019·唐山一中高一检测)一只棕色的猛犸是动画片《冰川时代2》的主角。
但科学家对猛犸的毛色提出质疑,科学家从4.3万年前的猛犸骨骼中提取到某物质,发现猛犸可能是一身金毛,该物质最可能是()A.氨基酸B.蛋白质C.DNA D.葡萄糖答案:C6.如图表示生物体内核苷酸的模式图,下列说法正确的是()A.DNA和RNA的不同点只在b方面B.DNA和RNA中的a表示含义不同C.DNA中特有的c为TD.人体内的c有4种,b有2种解析:选C。
图中a为磷酸,b为五碳糖,c为碱基。
DNA和RNA在核苷酸上的不同是五碳糖不同,碱基不完全相同(DNA特有T,RNA特有U),区别既在b方面,也在c方面,但磷酸是相同的;人体内的c有5种,b有2种。
7.在观察DNA和RNA在细胞中的分布实验中,通过染色、观察等步骤一次性显示DNA 和RNA在细胞中的分布情况,需用的染色剂是()A.仅有派洛宁B.先用甲基绿,后用派洛宁C.甲基绿、派洛宁混合染色剂D.仅有甲基绿解析:选C。
通过教材可知:甲基绿和派洛宁在使用时要混合,利用混合染色剂将细胞染色。
甲基绿和派洛宁两种染色剂对DNA和RNA的亲和力不同,甲基绿使DNA呈现绿色,派洛宁使RNA呈现红色。
8.(2019·天门高一检测)水稻叶肉细胞中的DNA主要分布在细胞核中,RNA主要分布在细胞质中。
若将水稻的遗传物质彻底水解后,可以得到()A.一种五碳糖B.五种含氮碱基C.四种核苷酸D.八种核苷酸解析:选A。
水稻的遗传物质是DNA,DNA彻底水解后的产物是磷酸、脱氧核糖和4种含氮碱基。
9.在实验室培养蛙的受精卵时,在培养液中加入一种3H的小分子化合物。
一段时间后,用放射自显影技术检测发现放射性物质集中于蛙胚细胞的细胞核和线粒体中。
你认为被3H 标记的化合物可能是()A.DNA B.RNAC.胞嘧啶脱氧核苷酸D.尿嘧啶核苷酸解析:选C。
胞嘧啶脱氧核糖核苷酸是合成DNA的原料,由于放射性物质集中于蛙胚细胞的细胞核和线粒体中,说明被标记物应为合成DNA的原料;因是小分子物质,故可排除A、B项;尿嘧啶核苷酸参与构成RNA,而RNA主要分布在细胞质中。
10.有关下列概念图的叙述,正确的是()①+②糖+③磷酸―→④―→⑤DNAA.①表示的碱基有5种B.②表示的是核糖C.④表示脱氧核糖核苷酸D.④表示核糖核苷酸解析:选C。
图中①是A、G、C、T 4种碱基;②是脱氧核糖;④表示脱氧核糖核苷酸。
11.甲基绿使DNA呈现绿色,派洛宁使RNA呈现红色。
利用含有这两种物质的混合染色剂对真核细胞进行染色,用显微镜观察可以发现()A.红色主要位于细胞核中,绿色主要位于细胞质中B.只有细胞质被染成绿色C.只有细胞核被染成红色D.绿色主要位于细胞核中,红色主要位于细胞质中解析:选D。
细胞中DNA主要分布在细胞核中,少量分布在线粒体和叶绿体中;RNA主要分布在细胞质中。
甲基绿能使DNA呈现绿色,派洛宁能使RNA呈现红色,因此绿色部分主要集中在细胞核内,红色部分主要集中在细胞质中。
12.(2019·佛山一中高一月考)科学家将人体细胞中控制合成胰岛素的一段DNA提取出来,转移到大肠杆菌细胞内的DNA分子上,结果该大肠杆菌合成出了人的胰岛素。
其原因是()A.DNA中贮存着遗传信息B.细菌能将DNA转变成蛋白质C.DNA能使细菌转变成人体细胞D.DNA的分子结构具有稳定性解析:选A。
核酸是细胞内携带遗传信息的物质,在蛋白质的合成中起着重要作用。
二、非选择题13.如图是某核苷酸链示意图,据图回答问题:(1)1、2、3的名称分别是________、________、________。
(2)4、5分别代表____________、____________。
(3)此结构中特有的碱基名称是________。
(4)通常由________条图示的核苷酸链构成一个________分子,真核细胞中分布在________、________和________中。
解析:由图中含碱基T可判断,图中的核苷酸链为脱氧核糖核苷酸链。
脱氧核糖核苷酸由一分子磷酸、一分子脱氧核糖和一分子碱基组成。
脱氧核糖核苷酸的碱基共有4种,其中碱基T是特有的。
DNA由2条脱氧核糖核苷酸链构成,主要分布在细胞核中,线粒体、叶绿体中也有少量分布。
答案:(1)磷酸脱氧核糖胞嘧啶(2)胞嘧啶脱氧核糖核苷酸一条脱氧核糖核苷酸链(3)胸腺嘧啶(T)(4)2DNA细胞核线粒体叶绿体14.图中的①代表磷酸基团,②代表五碳糖,③代表含氮碱基。
请据图回答:(1)若③是胞嘧啶,当②是________时,该图代表核糖核苷酸;当②是________时,该图代表脱氧核糖核苷酸。
(2)若③是尿嘧啶,则②是________,若③是胸腺嘧啶,则②是________。
(3)若②是核糖,则③有________种;若②是脱氧核糖,则③有________种。
(4)若该图所示的物质只存在于SARS病毒中,则②一定是________,而③可以是________、________、________、________。
解析:(1)核糖核苷酸和脱氧核糖核苷酸的主要区别在于五碳糖的不同,核糖核苷酸是由磷酸、核糖和含N碱基(A、G、C、U)组成,脱氧核糖核苷酸是由磷酸、脱氧核糖和含N碱基(A、G、C、T)组成。
(2)尿嘧啶U为核糖核苷酸所特有的碱基,胸腺嘧啶T为脱氧核苷酸所特有的碱基。
(3)若②是核糖,则图表示核糖核苷酸,若②是脱氧核糖,则表示脱氧核苷酸,组成它们的碱基各有4种。
(4)SARS病毒是RNA病毒,其体内只含有RNA这一种核酸,则图中表示核糖核苷酸,②是核糖,③可能是A、G、C或U。
答案:(1)核糖脱氧核糖(2)核糖脱氧核糖(3)4 4(4)核糖腺嘌呤鸟嘌呤胞嘧啶尿嘧啶15.(创新探究题)2019年12月31日,深圳一感染高致病性禽流感患者因医治无效死亡,2019年1月1日晚9时,深圳市疾控中心通报确定患者感染毒株属2.3.2.1亚系的高致病性禽流感病毒。
该病毒只含有一种核酸,现欲探究高致病性禽流感病毒的核酸是DNA还是RNA。
材料用具:显微注射器,高致病性禽流感病毒的核酸提取液,活鸡胚,DNA水解酶,RNA 水解酶。
(1)选用活鸡胚的理由是____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________。