[考研类试卷]英语翻译基础(英汉互译)模拟试卷28.doc

英语翻译基础（英汉互译）模拟试卷22(题后含答案及解析)全部题型 2. 英汉互译英汉互译汉译英1．中美两国的社会制度和对外政策有着本质的区别。

但是，双方同意，各国不论社会制度如何，都应根据尊重各国主权和领土完整、不侵犯别国内政、平等互利、和平共处的原则来处理国与国之间的关系。

国际争端应在此基础上予以解决，而不诉诸武力威胁。

美国和中华人民共和同准备在他们的相互关系中实行这些原则。

双方回顾了中美两国之间长期存在的严重争端。

中国方面重申自己的立场：台湾问题是阻碍中美两国关系正常化的关键问题；中华人民共和国政府是中国的惟一合法政府；台湾是中国的一个省，早已归还祖国；解放台湾是中国内政，别国无权干涉；全部美国武装力量和军事设施必须从台湾撤出。

中国政府坚决反对任何旨在制造“一台一中”、“一个中国、两个政府”、“两个中国”、“台湾独立”和鼓吹“台湾地位未定”的活动。

美国方面声明：美国认识到，在台湾海峡两岸的所有中国人都认为只有一个中国，台湾是中国的一部分。

美国政府对这一立场不提出异议。

它重申对中国人民和平解决台湾问题的关心。

考虑到这一前景，它确定从台湾撤出全部美国武装力量和军事设施的最终目标。

在此期间，它将随着这个地区紧张局势的缓和逐步减少它在台湾的武装力量。

正确答案：There are essential differences between China and the United States in their social systems and foreign policies. However, the two sides agreed that countries, regardless of their social systems, should conduct their relations on the principles of respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all states, non-interference in the internal affairs of other states, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence. International deputes should be settled on this basis, without resorting to the use or threat of force. The United States and the People’ s Republic of China are prepared to apply these principles to their mutual relations. The two sides reviewed the long-standing serious disputes between China and the United States. The Taiwan question is the crucial question obstructing the normalization of relations between China and the United States; the Government of the People’s Republic of China is the sole legal government of China; Taiwan is a province of China which has long been returned to the motherland ; the liberation of Taiwan is China’ s internal affair in which no other country has the right to interfere; and all US forces and military installations must be withdrawn from Taiwan. The Chinese Government firmly opposes any activities which aim at the creation of “ one China, one Taiwan,”“one China, two governments,”“two Chinas,”an “independent Taiwan”or advocate that “the status of Taiwan remains to be determined. The USside declared: The United States acknowledges that all Chinese on either side of the Taiwan is a part of China. The United States Government does not challenge that position. It reaffirms its interest in a peaceful settlement of the Taiwan question by the Chinese themselves. With this prospect in mind, it affirms the ultimate objective of the withdrawal of all US forces and military installations from Taiwan. In the meantime, it will progressively reduce its forces and military installations on Taiwan as the tension in the area diminishes. 涉及知识点：汉译英2．中华文明历来注重社会和谐，强调团结互助。

英语翻译基础（英汉互译）-试卷29(总分：12.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、英汉互译(总题数：6，分数：12.00)1.汉译英（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：2.科学家与环保人士担心全球变暖的问题。

使用化石燃料(如石油、煤)或大面积砍伐森林，是地球大气“温室气体”不断增加的两大因素。

这些气体所吸收的热能越来越多，最终将改变天气型态、造成海平面与海洋温度的上升，以及形成有害于植物、野生动物和人类栖息地的气候反常。

虽然科学界对全球变暖的影响程度尚有歧见，但若人类对温室效应造成的危险置之不理，无异于玩火自焚。

为避免温室效应加剧，从个人角度来看我们可以做的就是降低对化石燃料的依赖、减少用电，并采取最不耗损自然资源的生活方式。

在政府这个层面，世界大部份的工业化国家，已在一九九七年所签定的京都议定书中，宣誓将做到气体排放减量。

（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案： Scientists and environmentalists are concerned about global warming. The use of fossil fuels such as petroleum and coal and the deforestation of large areas are the two major factors behind rising levels of "greenhouse gases" in the Earth" s atmosphere. As these gases retain more and more heat energy, the eventual results will be altered weather patterns, an increase in sea levels and o-cean temperatures, and disruptive climate changes that affect the habitats of plants, wildlife and humans. Although there is disagreement within the scientific community about the extent of global warming , humans would be playing with fire if we were to ignore the danger it poses . As individuals, we can reduce our reliance on fossil fuels, use less electricity and adopt lifestyles that minimize the use of natural resources. On the governmental level, most of the world" s industrialized nations have pledged to cut gas emissions under the Kyoto Protocol in 1997.)解析：3.城市中的绿洲走在人声鼎沸、高楼耸立的城市里，大楼帷幕玻璃在阳光里闪闪发亮。

[考研类试卷]英语翻译基础（英汉互译）模拟试卷31汉译英1 当然恐惧还是有些道理的。

我们正处在一个变化的时代。

我们深感变化的必要性，我们正在变，我们必须变。

我们抵挡不住变化，就像树叶到秋天挡不住要变黄、变枯，球茎在春天挡不住要钻出土壤，萌出新芽一样。

我们正在变，我们正处于变化的阵痛之中，这将是一种伟大的变化。

本能让我们感觉到，直觉使我们认识到这种变化。

他们害怕了，因为变化带来痛苦，同时每逢重要的转变时期，一切都捉摸不定，而有生命的东西最容易受之伤害。

2 近来法律方面的研究表明，目击者在法庭上对嫌疑犯的指认并非想象中的那么可靠。

记忆是十分复杂的，在有关我们的大脑如何工作以及我们的记忆能达到什么程度方面，人们普遍持有的一些看法常常是错误的。

无论是常识还是研究都表明记忆会随时间的流逝而变得模糊。

刚刚接受信息后的回忆和识别能力是最准确的，它先是迅速下降，然后逐渐减弱。

拖延的时间越长，事件之后得到的信息越有可能与原始的记忆相冲突，从而降低其准确性。

而且，目击者事后会看到、读到一些信息，然后将它融合进来，产生某种与所经历的事情不同的东西，使他们对事件和罪犯记忆的可靠性大大降低。

对法官和陪审团来说，断定记忆最终是可靠的事实还是不可靠的编造在很大程度上似乎仍然是个挑战。

3 家庭暴力应引起关注中国目前的《婚姻法》允许挨打的妻子打110报警，这是一个很大的进步。

难办的是维系夫妻的绝不仅仅是感情，有人只为孩子、为了体面、为怕有更凄惨的下场而忍气吞声，如果出于此种原因，那么再坚强的女权主义者也是无奈的。

法律专家认为，关注“暴力威胁”，即威胁配偶说“你要离婚就杀了你”之类，按照联合国《消除对妇女的暴力宣言》“对妇女暴力”的定义，这也是一种施暴。

这种行为也应该受到法律的干预。

国外如果有此类报警，威胁者会被带走、受警告和教育。

总之，社会需要完善这方面的法制，使家庭暴力无法作为“家务事”而不受限制。

4 在立法中多一点女性视角，对于当代立法者更具有现实意义。

[考研类试卷]英语翻译基础（英汉互译）模拟试卷17.doc[考研类试卷]英语翻译基础（英汉互译）模拟试卷17英译汉1 A newspaper is much more than a business; it is an institution. It reflects and influences the life of a community; it may affect even wider destinies.It is, in its way, an instrument of government. It plays on the minds and consciences of man. It may educate, stimulate, assist, or it may do the opposite. It has, therefore, a moral as well as a material existence, and its character and influence are in the main determined by the balance of these two factors. It may make profit or power its first object, or it may conceive itself as fulfilling a higher and more exacting function.Character is a subtle affaire, and has many shades and sides. It is not a thing to be much talked about, but rather to be felt. It is the slow deposit of past actions and ideas. At the perils of its soul, a newspaper must see that the news it supplies is not tainted. Neither in what it gives, nor in what it does not give, nor in the mode of presentation, must the unclouded face of truth suffer wrong. Comment is free, but facts are sacred. " Propaganda," so called, by this means is hateful. The voice of opponents no less than that of friends has a right to be heard. Comment also is justly subject to a self-imposed restraint. It is well to be frank; it is even better to be fair. This is an ideal. Achievement in such matters is hardly given to man. Perhaps none of us can attain to it in the desirable measure. We can but try, ask pardon for shortcomings, and there leave the matter.One of the virtues, perhaps the chief virtue, of a newspaper is its independence. Whatever its position or character, it shouldhave a soul of its own.That is the path of self-respect—it is also the path of success. And what a work it is! How multiform, how responsive to every need—and every incident of life! What illimitable possibilities of achievement and of excellence!To the man, whatever his place on the paper, nothing should satisfy short of the best. It is here that ability counts and that character counts, and it is on these that a newspaper, if it is to be worthy of its power and duty, must rely.2 Scientists Shed New Light On The Body' s RhythmsHave you ever suffered from jet-lag, the fatigue and depression that comes from long hours spent in a jet aircraft traveling across the world over many time zones? Or like many people in northern European countries, have you ever suffered the dark depression of winter blues, the feelings of gloom that comes from facing the somber December and January winter days under dark, cloudy skies? Maybe all you need is a little light—and merely on a small patch of your skin. In fact, in experiments investigating the effect of light in raising our spirits, American scientists have done all their research using light played on the back of the subjects' knees.What could be a key to jet-lag and winter blues is the hormone melatonin, which is known to regulate body rhythms. It is secreted as night falls and it can be used to help to overcome jet-lag and some sleep disorders. The low level of melatonin we experience in winter when light is dull and daylight hours are shorter is said to be cause of that common feeling many people get in dull weather—winter depression.For years experts have experimented with treating jet-lag and seasonal affective disorder ( " winter depression" ) with light.They counsel victims to sit in front of lights simulating the sun' s natural wavelengths to restore melatonin. In 1996, Diane Boivin and colleagues at Harvard Medical School found even dim reading lamps worked in this way. Exposure to light sets off a complex response inside the bodies of animals and humans.A university team in New York said they had found that shining light on the skin could reset the body' s internal clock. They chose the back of the knee because it was easy to reach and away from the eyes, which is where many scientists had believed circadian rhythm is determined.3 There is simply no way to rest on our past achievements. Today' s competition renders obsolete huge chunks of what we know and forces us to innovate. For each individual, several careers will be customary, and continuing education and retraining will be inescapable. To attain this extraordinary level of education, government, business, schools and even individuals will turn to technology for the answer.In industry, processing the information and designing the changes necessary to keep up with the market has meant the growing use of computers. The schools are now following close behind. Already some colleges in the United States are requiring a computer for each student. It is estimated that 500, 000 computers are already in use in American high schools and elementary schools. Although there is an abysmal lack of educational software, the number of computers in schools expands rapidly.The computer is the Proteus of machines, as it takes on a thousand forms and serves a thousand functions. But its truly revolutionary character can be seen in its interactive potential. With advanced computers, learning can be individualized andself-paced. Teachers can become more productive and the entire learning environment enriched.It is striking how much current teaching is a product of pencil and paper technology. With the computer' s capacity for simulation and diverse kinds of feedback, all sorts of new possibilities open up for the redesign of curriculums. Seymour Papert, the inventor of the computer language LOGO, believes that concepts in physics and advanced mathematics can be taught in the early grades with the use of computers. He cites as an example the teaching of the laws of motion in physics, which he says are accessible at an early age when a computer is used to assist in the instruction.On an everyday level, word-processing significantly improves the capacity for written expression. How? Simply by making it easier to revise and rewrite. In terms of drill and practice, self-paced computer-assisted instruction enables the student to advance rapidly—without being limited by the conflicting needs of the entire class.汉译英4 我们必须抓住新的机遇，迎接新的挑战，采取更加有力的措施，以更为积极的姿态扩大对外开放，力争对外贸易和吸收外资有新的增长。

翻译硕士英语翻译基础英汉互译专项强化真题试卷28(总分100,考试时间60分钟)翻译题1. 1.The peaceful reunification of the motherland will be a great achievement to go down in history. Tai-wan is bound to be reunited eventually with the motherland. An early settlement of the problem will be in the interests of all. **patriots in Taiwan will be able to live in peace and happiness, the people of all nationalities on both sides of the Taiwan straits will be relieved of the pains of separation from their flesh and blood, and our senior folks in Taiwan and those who formerly migrated there from the mainland will all be properly placed and provided for. And, moreover, it will contribute to the stability of Asia and the Pacific region as well as to world peace. You used to seek self-encouragement from the motto, "The interests to be considered should be the interests of all; the fame to be sought should be an everlasting fame." If you should be instrumental in bringing about the cause of national reunification, you will certainly win esteem and praise nationwide and your meritorious service to the country will earn you a niche in the temple of fame. It is sheer absurdity to think yourself "guilty" for rendering such a service. After all, dragging out your existence in that tight eastern corner is by no means a permanent solution. This should be crystal clear to a man of your wisdom. Procrastination, hesitation or sleeping over the problem will only lead to adversity and you, my brother, will hardly be able to escape censure. Moreover, peaceful reunification is entirely an internal affair of China. As is known to all, outsiders who are talking glibly against it have designs on our Taiwan. When a prompt decision should be taken, to be irresolute would only spell disaster. I, therefore, would like you to think this over carefully.From Liao Chengzhi's letter to Jiang Jingguo2. 2.沙博理给自己取了中文名字“沙博理”，意思是“博学明理”。

[考研类试卷]英语翻译基础（英汉互译）模拟试卷25汉译英1 必须优化传统的出口商品结构，靠价格和数量竞争的时代已一去不复返了。

在当今激烈竞争的世界上，只有以质取胜和改善售前售后服务才能行得通。

要通过精加工和深加丁提高出口商品的附加值；要努力生产适销对路的名特优新产品和“拳头”产品打入国际市场。

由于市场形势千变万化，出口产品必须不断地更新换代，做到你无我有，你有我优，胜人—筹。

2 矿产资源是自然资源的重要组成部分，是人类社会发展的重要物质基础。

中国是世界上最早开发利用矿产资源的国家之一。

过去50年，中国在矿产资源勘探开发方面取得巨大成就。

这为中国经济的持续、快速、健康发展提供了重要保障。

中国政府高度重视可持续发展和矿产资源的合理利用，把可持续发展确定为国家战略，把保护资源作为可持续发展战略的重要内容。

中国是一个人口众多、资源相对不足的发展中国家。

中国主要依靠本国的矿产资源来保障现代化建设的需要。

同时，中国又积极引进国外资本和技术开发中国矿产资源，利用国外市场与国外矿产资源，并努力推动中国矿山企业和矿产品进入国际市场。

3 中国经济上半年总体上保持了持续、快速、健康的发展态势。

从宏观经济来说不能轻言“过热”。

严格地讲，过热不是个经济词汇。

过热相当于人体的发烧，是一种病态。

把这个不严谨的词汇放在经济生活中容易引起误解。

比如说过热和高速度是什么关系?高速度能不能等于过热?当然，在思想上时刻警惕过热是必要的，但是全社会都来炒作“过热”会有不好的效果。

比如，如果中国经济现在过热，下一步肯定会出现通货膨胀，可能会“踩刹车”，外资就会对自己的投资重新进行论证。

国内企业家也会这样想。

过热炒作太多的话会影响一些非专家型的人。

就像医生对病人说疾病的时候要科学、严谨，否则会给病人带来很大的心理负担。

心理因素在社会经济生活中越来越重要，舆论引导民众心理要有正确的方向。

4 高科技竞争的负面影响市场经济下的公平竞争是促进经济繁荣的重要因素，但竞争过了头，则其负面影响就不容忽视。

英语翻译基础（英汉互译）模拟试卷一1.In these times when market forces appear increasingly complicated and more volatile, it is all the more important to understand the professional jargon and terminology in the market place in order to be able to better make our investment and business decisions. Understanding key-economic indicators will assist in the decision making process, providing a snapshot of the current situation and an insight into the future.Each economic indicator tells us something about the economy or inflation. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is probably the most important report as it is the whole framework where other economic indicators fall under. Using the textbook formula where Gross National Product = Consumption + Investment + Government Spending + Exports - Imports, some of the indicators will fall into the above-mentioned category e. g. retail sales figures will fall under consumption, construction spending under investment, to name a few.There are also indicators that are broader that tell us about the economy itself rather than the component, e. g. employment figures, leading indicators, money supply figures ( M3 ). Inflation figures, Produce Price Index ( PPI) and the Consumer Price Index ( CPI) will, in short, inform us of the changes in wholesale prices, cost of consumer ( retail) goods and services respectively.An indicator that is useful must be accurate, timely and reliable. It depends entirely on the integrity of the national statistical system responsible. It is vital to know the accurate components of an indicator. We have to be mindful of the limitation of these statistical figures too.Some indicators can be historic or extremely volatile, and therefore their value are reduced. It is better to compare the most recent data with earlier months, or take a moving average for the past 3, 6 or 12 months to smooth the data. It will tell us if there has been a significant change in trend and whether a new direction is under way.标准答案在目前这种时期，市场越来越变幻莫测、动荡不定，要做出明智的商业投资决策，理解市场相关的专业术语变得尤为重要。

英语翻译基础（英汉互译）模拟试卷四1.Unemployment in America is high, and elections are on the horizon. It must be time to look east again for scapegoats. Japan is only starting to recover from its protracted recession, so China will be handed the role of economic villain in the coming U. S. election cycle. Expect to hear a chorus of presidential candidates blame unfair Chinese competition for America' s manufacturing woes.China' s trading partners do have legitimate grievances, but it would be irresponsible and inaccurate for American politicians to pin the United States' economic sluggishness on scheming culprits in Beijing. Traveling in Asia in October, Treasury Secretary John Snow heeded political pressures back home in exhorting Chinese leaders to let the market price their currency. This is a desirable outcome in the long run, but a raft of immediate caveats come to mind.China' s financial system remains fragile, and sudden currency volatility could lead to a banking crisis that could sell disaster for the world economy. Washington would do better to urge China' s leaders to focus on their lack of preparation to assume their proper role in the world' s financial order, rather than to demand any supposedly quick fix. Moreover, China' s refusal to devalue its currency in the aftermath of the late 1990' s crises in East Asia—much appreciated by its neighbors and Washington at a time when the yuan seemed overvalued—adds credence to Beijing' s insistence that it prizes stability when it comes to exchange rates, not short-term advantage. With most economists concerned that China' s robust growth could fuel inflation and a speculative bubble, there are valid reasons for Beijing to fear a surging currency.标准答案目前美国的失业率居高不下，而总统选举即将到来。

英语翻译基础（英汉互译）-试卷1(总分：12.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、英汉互译(总题数：6，分数：12.00)1.汉译英（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：2.哲学家只是一味地同古往今来的灵魂交谈——他读书，是同古昔人物交谈；他写作，是同子孙后代交谈；他讲演，是同莘莘学子交谈；他沉思是同自己交谈。

他长于洞见，洞见未来；他善于遐想，遐想无限；他耽于梦幻，幻游彼岸；他富于关怀，关怀永恒。

他同远在天涯的哲人和精神交谈，在这个意义上，他视通万里，思接千载。

他伟大，他不朽，他同古往今来的灵魂对话。

（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：A philosopher is solely concerned with conducting dialogues with the great souls from ancient antiquity to the contemporary era. In reading books, he converses with the ancients. In writing his own books, he converses with the progeny. In delivering lectures, he converses with a multitude of young students. In contemplating, he converses with himself. He is adept at insights, penetrating into the future. He excels in speculations, speculating on the infinite. He indulges in reveries, traveling in the other world in unbounded fantasy. He abounds in sympathies, concerned about the eternal. He converses with the philosophers and the great minds in the remotest corners of the earth. In this sense, his vision extends into the infinite distance and his thoughts are connected with the past and the future. His vision and thoughts transcend all spatiotemporal boundaries whatsoever. He is great; he is immortal; because he is in permanent dialogue with the great souls of the past, the present and the future.)解析：3.有时候，在工作中重要的倒是能否处理好人际关系而不是有很多的才能。

英语翻译基础（英汉互译）-试卷25(总分：12.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、英汉互译(总题数：6，分数：12.00)1.汉译英（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：2.中国认为，在当前的形势下，应该继续坚持和切实遵守《联合国宪章》的宗旨和原则，并最终实现国际关系民主化和法制化，实现世界各国的共存共赢。

联合国是这个世界的缩影，一个强有力的联合国是世界希望之所在。

为了建立人类美好的未来，首先应该把这里变成一个相互合作的舞台，而非彼此指责的角斗场。

（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：China maintains that under the current situation, the purposes and principles of the UN Charter should be adhered to and earnestly abided by with a view to realizing democracy and rule of law in international relations and the coexistence and "win-win" of the world" s countries. The UN is a microcosm of our world. The hope of the world rests on a strong UN. To build a better future for mankind, it is incumbent upon us to first turn the UN into a forum of cooperation instead of a coliseum of recrimination.)解析：3.和平与发展是当今世界的两大主题。