翻译硕士(MTI)357英语翻译基础考研 名校考研真题【圣才出品】

2019年暨南大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解Ⅰ. 词语翻译（30%）Section A. 英译汉（15%）1. USTR【答案】美国贸易代表署2. ASEAN【答案】东盟3. TCM【答案】中医药4. sole agency【答案】独家代理5. blue-chip stocks【答案】蓝筹股6. right of appeal【答案】上诉权7. chief referee【答案】首席裁判8. The Grapes of Wrath 【答案】愤怒的葡萄9. gene mutation【答案】基因突变10. punitive duties【答案】惩罚性关税11. dialectical materialism 【答案】辩证唯物主义12. tittytainment【答案】奶头乐理论13. wealth gap【答案】财富差距14. patriarchal society【答案】宗法社会15. cultural turn【答案】文化转向Section B. 汉译英（15%）1. 人工智能【答案】artificial intelligence2. 精准扶贫【答案】targeted poverty alleviation3. 供给侧改革【答案】supply-side reform4. 拦路虎【答案】road blocker5. 抖音【答案】Tik Tok6. 实名认证【答案】real name authentication7. 不可抗力【答案】force majeure8. 反倾销【答案】anti-dumping9. 扫脸支付【答案】face scan payment10. 零和思维【答案】zero-sum mentality11. 进博会【答案】China International Import Expo12. 文化自信【答案】cultural confidence13. 去库存【答案】stockpile removal14. 衣食住行【答案】food, cloth, housing, and transportation15. 《反分裂国家法》【答案】Anti-Secession LawⅡ. 英汉互译（120%）Section A. 英译汉（60%）It is extremely rare for Britain to take a foreign-policy stance at odds with that of its closest and most important ally, America. It is perhaps unprecedented for it to do so by siding, in a contentious issue of global financial governance, with the superpower’s emerging rival, China. Yet that, in effect, is how America seems to interpret Britain’s plans, announced on March 12th, to join China’s new Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) as a founding shareholder. China, naturally, is chuffed. Most other observers are confused.The AIIB is one of a number of new institutions launched by China, apparently in frustration at the failure of the existing international financial order to adapt quickly enough to accommodate its astonishing rise. Efforts to reform the International Monetary Fund are stalled in the United States Congress. America retains its tradition grip in the management of the World Bank. The AsianDevelopment Bank remains based in Manila, but it is mostly run by Japanese bureaucrats.So, it is perhaps understandable that China, flush with the world’s biggest foreign-exchange reserves and anxious to convert them into “soft power”, is building an alternative system. Its plans do not just include the AIIB, but also a New De velopment Bank launched with its “BRICS” partners—Brazil, Russia, India and South Africa—and a Silk Road development fund to boost “connectivity” with its neighbors. And, in the security sphere, there is the Shanghai Co-operation Organization that links it with Russia and Central Asia.America, however, has reacted negatively to the AIIB. Its officials argue that they have not “lobbied against” it. Instead they merely stressed how important it is that such an institution abide by international standards—of transparency, creditworthiness, environmental sustainability, and so on. But officials in Singapore, for example, a close partner to both America and China, say they had some difficult discussions with America when they decided to support China’s initiativ e.【参考译文】英国在外交政策上采取与其最亲近、最重要的盟友美国不同的立场，这是十分罕见的。

2017年山东大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解Ⅰ. Directions: Translate the following words, abbreviations or terminology into the target language respectively. There are altogether 30 items in this part of the test, 15 in English and 15 in Chinese, with one po int for each. (30’)1. UNICEF【答案】联合国儿童基金会2. APEC【答案】亚太经合组织3. FDA【答案】（美）食品及药物管理局4. INTERPOL【答案】国际刑事警察组织5. Tuberculosis【答案】肺结核6. Yasukuni Shrine【答案】靖国神社7. unilateralism【答案】单边主义8. tsunami【答案】海啸9. commercial attaché【答案】商务参赞10. epidemiology【答案】流行病学11. Chinese Academy of Engineering 【答案】中国工程院12. UN Security Council【答案】安理会13. overcapacity【答案】生产能力过剩14. biopsy【答案】活组织检查15. the State Administration of Foreign Exchange【答案】国家外汇管理局16. 固定资产投资【答案】FAI (fixed asset investment)17. 法制【答案】legal system18. 阅兵式【答案】military parade19. 南海【答案】the South China Sea20. 中国工商银行【答案】ICBC (Industrial and Commercial Bank of China)21. 中海油【答案】CNOOC (China National Offshore Oil Corporation)22. 出口退税【答案】tax rebate23. 京剧【答案】Peking Opera24. 孙中山【答案】Sun Yat-sen25. 国事访问【答案】state visit26. 圈径【答案】circle trail27. 行为准则【答案】code of conduct28. 去杠杆过程【答案】deleveraging process29. 天理【答案】justice30. 中等收入陷阱【答案】middle-income trapⅡ. Directions: Translate the following two source texts into their target language respectively. If the source text is in English, its target language is Chinese. If the source text is in Chinese, its target language is English. (120’)Source Text 1:Every September, the campuses of Peking and Tsinghua Universities, dubbed the Harvard and M.I.T. of China, brim with bright-eyed new students, the winners of China’s cutthroat education system. These young men and women possess the outlook of cosmopolitan youth worldwide: sporting designer clothes and wielding smartphones, they share experiences of foreign travel and bond over common fondness for Western television shows such as “The Big Bang Theory” and “Sherlock.”They are destined for bright futures: In a few decades, they will fill high-powered positions in government and become executives in state banks and multinational companies. But their ever-expanding career possibilities belie theincreasingly narrow slice of society they represent.China’s state education system, which offers nine years of compulsory schooling and admits students to colleges strictly through exam scores, is often hailed abroad as a paradigm for educational equity. The impression is reinforced by Chinese students’ consistently good performance in international standardized tests. But this reputation is a myth.While China has phenomenally expanded basic education for its people, quadrupling its output of college graduates in the past decade, it has also created a system that discriminates against its less wealthy and poorly connected citizens, thwarting social mobility at every step with bureaucratic and financial barriers.A huge gap in educational opportunities between students from rural areas and those from cities is one of the main culprits. Some 60 million students in rural schools are “left-behind” child ren, cared for by their grandparents as their parents seek work in faraway cities. While many of their urban peers attend schools equipped with state-of-the-art facilities and well-trained teachers, rural students often huddle in decrepit school buildings and struggle to grasp advanced subjects such as English and chemistry amid a dearth of qualified instructors.【参考译文】每年九月，在常被誉为“中国哈佛和M.I.T.”的北京大学和清华大学的校园里，都会遍布神采奕奕的大一新生，他们是从中国千军万马挤独木桥的教育体制中脱颖而出的优胜者。

2012年中南大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解I.Directions:Translate the following words,abbreviations or terminology into their target language respectively.There are altogether30items in this part of the test, 15in English and15in Chinese,with one point for each(30′)1.UNESCO【答案】联合国教科文组织2.APEC【答案】亚太经合组织3.UPU【答案】万国邮政联盟4.ASEAN【答案】东南亚国家联盟5.WIPO【答案】世界知识产权组织6.UNCF【答案】联合国儿童基金会7.OPEC【答案】石油输出国组织8.GNP【答案】国民生产总值9.NGO【答案】非政府组织10.quantitative easing monetary policy 【答案】量化宽松的货币政策11.securities margin trading【答案】证券信用交易12.disaster preparedness【答案】防灾13.credit risk【答案】信用危机14.structural imported inflation【答案】结构性、输入性通胀15.haphazard investment【答案】盲目投资16.朝阳产业【答案】sunrise industry17.风险防范机制【答案】risk prevention mechanism18.最低生活保障制度【答案】minimum living allowance system19.千人计划【答案】Thousand Talents Program20.生态移民【答案】ecological migration21.物联网【答案】Internet of Things22.节能减排【答案】energy saving and emission reduction23.探月工程【答案】lunar exploration program24.胶囊公寓【答案】capsule apartment25.阶梯计价【答案】tiered pricing26.农产品流通体系【答案】circulation system of agricultural products27.载人航天【答案】manned space flight28.放宽市场准入【答案】expand market access29.保税区【答案】bonded area30.文明联盟【答案】Alliance of CivilizationsII.Directions:Translate the following two source texts into their target!language respectively.(120′)Source Text1:It is becoming clear that a whole range of phenomena are transmitted through networks of friends in ways that are not entirely understood:happiness and depression,obesity,drinking and smoking habits,ill-health,the inclination to turn out and vote in elections,a taste for certain music or food,a preference for online privacy,even the tendency to attempt or think about suicide.They ripple through networks“like pebbles thrown into a pond”，says Nicholas Christakis,a medical sociologist at Harvard Medical School in Boston,who has pioneered much of the new work.At first sight,the idea that we can catch the moods,habits and state of health not only of those around us,but also those we do not even know seems alarming.It implies that rather than being in charge of where we are going in life,we are little more than back-seat drivers,since most social influence operates at a subconsciouslevel.But we need not be alarmed,says Duncan Watts,a sociologist at Columbia University,New York.“Social influence is mostly a good thing.We should embrace the fact that we’re inherently social creatures and that much of who we are and what we do is determined by forces that are outside the little circle we draw around ourselves.”What’s more,by being aware of the effects of social contagion we may be able to find ways to counter it,or use it to our own benefit.“There’s no doubt people can have some control over their networks and that this in turn can affect their lives,”says Christakis.To get an idea of what is going on,take Christakis’findings on the spread of happiness,which were published last month.His team looked at a network of several thousand friends,relatives,neighbors and work colleagues.They found that happy people tend to be clustered together,not because they naturally orientate towards each other,but because of the way happiness spreads through social contact over time,regardless of people’s conscious choice of friends.(337words)【关键词】inherently天性地，固有地contagion传染，传染病【参考译文】人们越来越清晰地认识到，一系列的现象以令人捉摸不透的方式在社交圈内传递：快乐和忧郁、肥胖症、饮酒和抽烟的习惯、不健康的身体状况、参加竞选投票的倾向、对某种音乐或食物的喜好、对网上隐私的偏好、甚至尝试或考虑自杀的倾向。

2015年西北大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解I. Directions: Translate the following words, abbreviations or terminology into their target language respectively. There are altogether 30 items in this part of the test, 15 in English and 15 in Chinese, with one point for each. (30 points)1. ISBN【答案】国际标准图书编号2. UNESCO【答案】联合国教科文组织3. CBS【答案】哥伦比亚广播公司4. CAD【答案】计算机辅助设计5. BOCOG【答案】北京奥组委6. R.S.V.P.【答案】请回复7. CRI【答案】中国国际广播电台8. D/A【答案】数位类比转换9. irrevocable L/C【答案】不可撤销信用证10. Standing Committee member 【答案】常务委员11. Buddhist scriptures【答案】佛教经文12. supervision by public opinion 【答案】舆论监督13. environment-friendly products 【答案】环保产品14. housing project for low-income families【答案】安居工程15. Department of Home News for Overseas Service 【答案】对外宣传报道16. 棋逢对手【答案】Diamond cuts diamond.17. 昙花一现【答案】a flash in the pan18. 应急预案【答案】contingency plan19. 教书育人【答案】impart knowledge and educate people20. 幼主【答案】princekin; crown prince21. 山寨产品【答案】fake products22. 拦路虎【答案】obstacle; stumbling block23. 甲骨文【答案】oracle24. 申诉方【答案】complaining party25. 二进制位【答案】binary digit26. 客座教授【答案】visiting professor27. 版税【答案】copyright royalty28. 全天候【答案】all weather29. 同声传译【答案】simultaneous interpretation30. 世界纪录保持者【答案】world-record holderII. Directions: Translate the following two source texts into their target language respectively. If the source text is in English, its target language is Chinese. If the source text is in Chinese, its target language is English. (120 points)Source Text 1 (60 points)Freeman and slave, patrician and plebeian, lord and serf, guild-master and journeyman, in a word, oppressor and oppressed stood in constant opposition to one another, carried on an uninterrupted, now hidden now open fight, a fight that each time ended, either in a revolutionary re-constitution of society at large, or in the common ruin of the contending classes.In the earlier epochs of history, we find almost everywhere a complicated arrangement of society into various, orders, a manifold gradation of social rank. In ancient Rome we have patricians, knights, plebeians, slaves; in the Middle Ages, feudal lords, vassals, guild-masters, journeymen, apprentices, serfs; in almost all of these classes, again, subordinate gradations.The modern bourgeois society that has sprouted from the ruins of feudalsociety has not done away with clash antagonisms. It has but established new classes, new conditions of oppression, new forms of struggle in place of the old ones. Our epoch, the epoch of the bourgeoisie, possesses, however, this distinctive feature: it has simplified the class antagonisms: Society as a whole is more and more splitting up into two great hostile camps, into two great classes, directly facing each other: Bourgeoisie and Proletariat.From the serfs of the Middle Ages sprang the chartered burghers of the earliest towns. From these burgesses the first elements of the bourgeoisie were developed.The discovery of America, the rounding of the Cape, opened up fresh ground for the rising bourgeoisie. The East-Indian and Chinese markets, the colonization of America, trade with the colonies, the increase in the means of exchange and in commodities generally, gave to commerce, to navigation, to industry, an impulse never before known, and thereby, to the revolutionary element in the tottering feudal society, a rapid development.The feudal system of industry, under which industrial production was monopolize by closed guilds, now no longer sufficed for the growing wants of the new markets. The manufacturing system took its place. The guild-masters were pushed on one side by the manufacturing middle class; division of labor between the different corporate guilds vanished in the face of division of labor in each single workshop.Meantime the markets kept ever Rowing, the demand ever rising. Even manufacture no longer sufficed. Thereupon, steam and machinery revolutionized。

《357英语翻译基础》考研真题详解357 English Translation Basics: In-Depth Analysis of Postgraduate Entrance Exam QuestionsIntroductionThe field of English translation has gained significant importance in recent years, with many individuals opting to pursue it as a career. In this article, we will delve into the detailed analysis of the English translation basics, focusing specifically on the 357 English Translation Basics exam questions for postgraduate entrance exams. This examination is widely regarded as a benchmark for evaluating the translation skills of aspiring translators. Let us now explore the various aspects of this exam and gain valuable insights into the world of English translation.Part 1: Multiple Choice QuestionsThe 357 English Translation Basics exam includes a section of multiple-choice questions. These questions range from vocabulary and sentence structure to contextual understanding and idiomatic expressions. Each question requires candidates to choose the most appropriate translation or interpretation among the given options. This section aims to assess the candidates' comprehension abilities and their knowledge of the fundamental principles of English translation.Part 2: Sentence TransformationThe second part of the exam tests candidates' skills in sentence transformation. Here, candidates are presented with sentences in English andare required to translate them into Chinese accurately. This section evaluates candidates' ability to transform sentences while retaining the original meaning and effectively conveying it in the target language.Part 3: Passage TranslationPassage translation is a crucial aspect of the 357 English Translation Basics exam. Candidates are tasked with translating a given English passage into Chinese. The chosen passages cover a wide range of topics, such as literature, politics, science, and humanities, allowing candidates to showcase their proficiency in different subject areas. This section demands not only strong linguistic skills but also the ability to comprehend and interpret complex ideas accurately.Part 4: Essay TranslationThe essay translation section is designed to test candidates' ability to translate essays from Chinese into English. This part requires a comprehensive understanding of both languages and the ability to convey the intended meaning in a coherent and natural manner. Candidates are judged on their skill in accurately translating concepts, maintaining the appropriate style, and capturing the essence of the original text.Part 5: Cultural KnowledgeApart from translation skills, the 357 English Translation Basics exam also incorporates questions related to cultural knowledge. Candidates are expected to demonstrate an understanding of cultural differences, including idioms, expressions, and social customs specific to English-speakingcountries. This component emphasizes the importance of cultural sensitivity in producing accurate translations.ConclusionThe 357 English Translation Basics exam serves as a significant evaluation tool for individuals aspiring to pursue a career in English translation. Through its comprehensive coverage of various translation aspects, including multiple-choice questions, sentence transformation, passage translation, essay translation, and cultural knowledge, this exam rigorously assesses candidates' linguistic abilities, cultural understanding, and translation competence. By successfully preparing for and excelling in this exam, aspiring translators can strengthen their skills and enhance their prospects in the field.。

2019年长沙理工大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解一、词语翻译（每小题2分，共50分）1. 《西游记》【答案】Journey to the West2. 《五经》【答案】Five Classics3. 《论语》【答案】the Analects of Confucius4. 归化翻译【答案】domesticating translation5. 京津冀一体化【答案】Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei integration6. 有效合同【答案】valid contract7. 消费税【答案】consumption tax8. 浮动汇率【答案】floating exchange rate9. 股东【答案】shareholder10. 优先股【答案】preferred stock11. Great Expectations【答案】《远大前程》12. The Sound and the Fury 【答案】《喧哗与骚动》13. Gothic fiction【答案】哥特式小说14. Hard Times【答案】《艰难时世》15. Oliver Twist【答案】《雾都孤儿》16. The Wars of the Roses 【答案】玫瑰战争17. High Court of Justice 【答案】高等法院18. Enclosure Movement 【答案】圈地运动19. Catholicism【答案】天主教教义20. The Holy Bible【答案】圣经21. stagnation【答案】停滞22. investment trust【答案】信托公司23. deflation【答案】通货紧缩24. hard currency【答案】硬通货25. rediscount【答案】再贴现二、英汉互译（每小题50分，共100分）（一）汉译英我对于海，好像着了魔似的一天比一天迷恋起来，我爱它，甚至一天也不能离开它。

2012年大连外国语大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解一、将下列短语译成汉语（1）CPI【答案】居民消费价格指数（consumer price index）（2）UNESCO【答案】联合国教科文组织（3）diastolic pressure【答案】舒张压（4）financial crisis【答案】金融危机（5）fiscal policy【答案】财政政策（6）carbon dioxide【答案】二氧化碳（7）suspended particles 【答案】悬浮颗粒物（8）APEC Summit【答案】亚太峰会（9）unmanned space module 【答案】无人空间模块（10）space docking【答案】空间对接（11）OTC【答案】非处方药（12）refugee camp【答案】难民营（13）FTP【答案】文件传输协议（14）real estate development【答案】房地产开发（15）magnetic levitated train 【答案】磁悬浮列车二、将下列短语译成英语（1）物联网【答案】Internet of Things（2）自媒体【答案】We-Media（3）版权【答案】copyright（4）云计算【答案】Cloud Computing（5）航空母舰【答案】aircraft carrier（6）赤道【答案】equator（7）战俘【答案】prisoner of war（POW）（8）核潜艇【答案】nuclear submarine（9）太阳能热水器【答案】Solar Water Heater（10）淡水湖【答案】Freshwater Lake（11）排水系统【答案】Drainage System（12）暗物质【答案】Dark Matter（13）国际标准化组织【答案】International Organization for Standardization（14）转基因生物【答案】GMOs (genetically modified organisms)（15）多媒体短信服务【答案】Multimedia Messaging Service三、将下列短文译成汉语PASSAGE 1The other evening at a dancing club a young man in a gray suit, soft shirt, loosely tied scarf, shook his tousled yellow hair engagingly, introduced me to a beautiful lady with whom he was dancing and sat down. They were Mr. and Mrs. F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Scott seems to have changed not one whit from the first time I met him at Princeton, when he was an eager undergraduate bent upon becoming a great author. He is still eager. He is still bent upon becoming a great author. He is at work now on a novel which his wife assures me is far better than either This Side of Paradise or The Beautiful and Damned, but like most of our younger novelists he finds it imperative to produce a certain number of short stories to make the wheels go around. That The Vegetable，his play, did not receive a Manhattan presentation seems to have disappointed rather than discouraged him.【参考译文】那天晚上，在一个跳舞俱乐部里，一个年轻人把我介绍给了一位和他正在跳舞的漂亮女士，他穿着灰色西装和柔软的衬衫，围着宽松的围巾，把蓬乱的黄色头发摇得很有魅力，然后我们坐下了。

2018年中山大学国际翻译学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解PART ⅠVOCABULARY TRANSLATION [60 MIN] (1×30＝30 POINTS) SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH [30 MIN]1.文化立法【答案】cultural legislation2.非遗传承【答案】inheritance of intangible culture heritages3.民粹主义【答案】Populism4.避税天堂【答案】Tax Haven5.巴黎气候协定【答案】Paris Climate Agreement6.去产能【答案】reduce capacity7.共享单车【答案】bicycle sharing8.房产泡沫【答案】real estate bubble9.补偿贸易【答案】compensation trade10.移动支付【答案】mobile payment11.人工智能【答案】artificial intelligence（AI）12.去杠杆【答案】deleverage13.经济弱复苏【答案】weak economic recovery14.社会主义核心价值观【答案】socialist core values15.十九大【答案】the 19th National CongressSECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE [30 MIN] 1. Pivot to Asia【答案】重返亚太2. Mass shooting【答案】大规模枪击案3. Bit coin【答案】比特币4. Electoral college【答案】（美国）总统选举团5. Rust belt State【答案】铁锈地带国家6. Refugee Crisis【答案】难民危机7. Goldman Sachs【答案】高盛集团8. Infant industry【答案】幼稚产业9. Cremea【答案】克里米亚10. Communitarianism【答案】社群主义11. Malware【答案】恶意软件12. Deregulation of interest rate 【答案】利率市场化13. Emmanuel Macron【答案】埃马纽埃尔·马克龙14. Catalonia referendum【答案】加泰罗尼亚公投15. International Chamber of Commerce【答案】国际商会PART ⅡTRANSLATION [120 MIN] (2×60＝120 POINTS)SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH TRANSLATION [60 MIN]我第一次读到莫言，是他的《红高粱》，大约是在20世纪80年代末。

2011年武汉大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解Ⅰ. Put the Following Terms into Chinese(15%)1. ASEAN【答案】东南亚国家联盟（东盟）2. CPI【答案】消费物价指示3. EQ【答案】情商4. GMT【答案】格林威治标准时间5. GNP【答案】国民生产总值6. NGO【答案】非政府组织7. OPEC【答案】石油输出国家组织8. UNCF【答案】联合国儿童基金会9. UNESCO【答案】联合国教科文组织10. Dynamic Equivalence 【答案】动态对等11. Foreignizing Method 【答案】异化法12. Intersemiotic Translation 【答案】符际翻译13. Lingua Franca【答案】通用语14. Polysystems Theory【答案】多元文化理论15. Department of Homeland Security【答案】国土安全部II. Put the Following Terms into English(15%) 1. 即席翻译【答案】simultaneous translation2. 稀土【答案】tombarthite3. 产品导向【答案】product orientation4. 民族的先知【答案】prophet of a nation5. 操纵汇率【答案】to manipulate currency6. 第三产业【答案】tertiary industry7. 宏观调控【答案】macro-control8. 虚拟经济【答案】virtual economy9. 生态补偿机制【答案】ecological compensation mechanism10. 西部大开发【答案】west development11. 抑制流动性【答案】to inhibit liquidity12. 持续发展【答案】sustainable development13. 全面战略伙伴关系【答案】the comprehensive strategic partnership14. 转变政府职能【答案】to transform the government functions15. 国际金融新秩序【答案】The new international financial order.III. Put the Following Passages into Chinese(60%)I stand here today humbled by the task before us, grateful for the trust you’ve bestowed, mindful of the sacrifices borne by our ancestors. I thank President Bush for his service to our nation, as well as the generosity and cooperation he has shown throughout this transition.Forty-four Americans have now taken the presidential oath. The words have been spoken during rising tides of prosperity and the still waters of peace. Yet, every so often the oath is taken amidst gathering clouds and raging storms. At these moments, America has carried on not simply because of the skill or vision of those in high office, but because we the People have remained faithful to the ideals of our forbearers, and true to our founding documents.That we are in the midst of crisis is now well understood. Our nation is at war, against a far-reaching network of violence and hatred. Our economy is badly weakened, a consequence of greed and irresponsibility on the part of some, but also our collective failure to make hard choices and prepare the nation for a newage. Homes have been lost; jobs shed; businesses shuttered. Our health care is too costly; our schools fail too many; and each day brings further evidence that the ways we use energy strengthen our adversaries and threaten our planet.These are the indicators of crisis, subject to data and statistics. Less measurable but no less profound is a sapping of confidence across our land-a nagging fear that America’s decline is inevitable, and the next generation must lower its sights. Today I say to you that the challenges we face arc real. They are serious and they are many. They will not be met easily or in a short span of time. But know this, America-they will be met.【参考译文】我今天站在这里，深感面前使命的重大，深谢你们赋予的信任，并铭记我们前辈所付的代价。

2013年武汉大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解I. Put the Following Terms into Chinese. (共15小题，每小题1分，共15分)1. Globalization：【答案】全球化2. Accreditation：【答案】鉴定合格3. CAT【答案】计算机辅助翻译4. CPI【答案】消费物价指数5. CRH【答案】中国高速铁路6. ASEAN【答案】东南亚国家联盟7. OPEC【答案】石油输出国组织8. Dubbing【答案】配音9. Third-Party insurance: 【答案】第三者责任保险10. Sampling【答案】抽样11. T ax refund【答案】退税12. Overdraft:【答案】透支13. After service【答案】售后服务14. The tertiary industry:【答案】第三产业15. Fiscal deficit【答案】财政赤字II. Put the Following Terms into English. (共15小题，每小题1分，共15分) 1. 生态文明【答案】Ecological civilization2. 小康社会【答案】Moderately Prosperous Society3. 科学发展观【答案】Scientific Outlook on Development4. 自由职业翻译者【答案】Freelance translator5. 律师事务所【答案】law office6. 法人代表【答案】legal representative7. 国有资产流失【答案】erosion of state assets8. 上市公司【答案】listed company9. 人民币升值压力【答案】upward pressure on the Renminbi10. 外汇储备【答案】foreign exchange reserves11. 信用评级【答案】credit rating12. 成本价【答案】cost price13. 安居工程【答案】affordable/comfortable housing project14. 贸易保护主义【答案】trade protectionism15. 三农问题【答案】Issues of agriculture, farmer and rural areaIII. Put the Following English into Chinese. (60分)In each century since the beginning of the world wonderful things have been discovered. In the last century more amazing things were found out than in any century before. In this new century hundreds of things still more astounding will be brought to light. At first people refuse to believe that a strange new thing can be done, then they begin to hope it can be done, then they see it can be done--then it is done and all the world wonders why it was not done centuries ago. One of the new things people began to find out in the last century was that thoughts--just mere thoughts--are as powerful as electric batteries--as good for one as sunlight is, or as bad for one as poison. To let a sad thought or a bad one get into your mind is as dangerous as letting a scarlet fever germ get into your body. If you let it stay there after it has got in you may never get over it as long as you live.So long as Mistress Mary’s mind was full of disagreeable thoughts about her dislikes and sour opinions of people and her determination not to be pleased by or interested in anything, she was a yellow-faced, sickly, bored and wretched child.Circumstances, however, were very kind to her, though she was not at all aware of it. They began to push her about for her own good. When her mind gradually filled itself with robins, and moorland cottages crowded with children, with queer crabbed old gardeners and common little Yorkshire housemaids, with springtime and with secret gardens coming alive day by day, and also with a moor boy and his "creatures," there was no room left for the disagreeable thoughts which affected her liver and her digestion and made her yellow and tired.【参考译文】从世界起始之初，每个世纪里都会发现一些奇妙的事物。

2010年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解一、英汉词组互译（30分）1. EU【答案】欧盟2. FAO【答案】联合国粮农组织3. L/C【答案】信用证4. OECD【答案】经济合作与发展组织5. POD【答案】货到付款6. WTO【答案】世界贸易组织7. NASA【答案】美国航空航天局8. OPEC【答案】石油输出国组织9. UNESCO【答案】联合国教科文组织10. account balance【答案】账户平衡11. automated teller machine 【答案】自动柜员机12. checks and balances【答案】制衡13. installment plan【答案】分期付款14. most-favored nation treatment 【答案】最惠国待遇15. bonded goods【答案】保税货物16. 报关【答案】custom clearance17. 恶性循环【答案】vicious cycle18. 节能【答案】energy-saving19. 贸易顺差【答案】trade surplus20. 优惠关税【答案】preferential duty21. 购货合同【答案】contract on purchase loans22. 安检【答案】security check23. 战略伙伴关系【答案】strategic partnership relationship24. 安理会常任理事国【答案】permanent member of the UN security council25. 关贸总协定【答案】general agreement tariff trade26. 自负盈亏【答案】be responsible for one’s own losses and profits27. 政企分开【答案】separation of enterprise management from government functions28. 液晶显示器【答案】LCD(Liquid Crystal Display)29. 载人航天计划【答案】manned space program30. 外向型经济【答案】export-oriented economy二、将下列段落译成汉语（60分）There are roughly three New Yorks. There is, first, the New York of the man or woman who was born here, who takes the city for granted and accepts its size and its turbulence as natural and inevitable. Second, there is the New York of the commuter - the city that is devoured by locusts each day and spat out each night. Third, there is the New York of the person who was born somewhere else and came to New York in quest of something, the city that is a goal. It is this third city that accounts for New York's high-strung disposition, its poetical deportment, its dedication to the arts, and its incomparable achievements. Commuters give the city its tidal restlessness; naives give it solidity and continuity; but the settlers give it passion. And whether it is a farmer arriving from Italy to set up a small grocery store in a slum, or a young girl arriving from a small town in Mississippi to escape the indignity of being observed by her neighbors, or a boy arriving from the Corn Belt with a manuscript in his suitcase and a pain in his heart, it makes no difference; each embraces New York with the intense excitement of first love, each absorbs New York with the fresh eyes of an adventurer, each generates heat and light to dwarf the Consolidated Edison Company. The commuter is the queerest bird of all.The suburb he inhabits has no essential vitality of its own and is mere roost where he comes at day's end to go to sleep.(280 words)【参考译文】纽约人大体上有三类。

2012年北京邮电大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解一、将下列缩略语、习语、术语和专有名词译成汉语，缩略形式还需写出英语全文。

（15分）l. CIA【答案】美国中央情报局（Central Intelligence Agency）2. LOHAS【答案】乐活族（Lifestyles of Health and Sustainability）3. AIDS【答案】艾滋病（Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome）4. ISSN【答案】国际标准连续出版物编号（International Standard Serial Number）5. Like father, 1ike son.【答案】有其父必有其子。

6. A word spoken is past recalling.【答案】一言既出，驷马难追。

7. antilock braking system【答案】汽车防抱制动系统8. a license-plate lottery system【答案】车牌摇号9. Asynchronous Transfer Mode【答案】异步传输模式10. botnets【答案】僵尸网络11. consultation program on students’ academic performance 【答案】学业会商制度12. credit bank【答案】信贷银行13. family/domestic violence【答案】家庭暴力14. government-funded public institution【答案】事业单位15. trade surplus【答案】贸易顺差二、将下列汉语译成英语，译成缩略语的需要写出缩略语英语全文。

（15分）1. 国内生产总值【答案】GDP(Gross Domestic Product)2. 石油输出国组织【答案】OPEC(Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)3. 金砖国家【答案】BRICS(Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa)4. 自动取款机【答案】ATM(Automatic Teller Machine)5. 有钱能使鬼推磨。

2012年四川外国语大学翻译学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解I. Translate the following terms into Chinese. (15 points)1. Yogi【答案】瑜伽修行者2. SPCA【答案】动物保护协会3. Geneva Convention【答案】日内瓦公约4. House of Commons【答案】下议院5. horoscope【答案】占星术6. sleep debt【答案】睡眠负债（指长期睡眠不足产生的影响）7. AU【答案】非洲联盟8. Kuala Lumpur【答案】吉隆坡（马来西亚首都）9. a potluck supper【答案】家常便饭10. IMF【答案】国际货币基金组织11. eye-service【答案】阳奉阴违的工作（在雇主看着时才干的活；当面勤快而背地偷懒的帮佣）12. A Clockwork Orange【答案】发条橘子（电影名）13. All Soul’s Day【答案】万灵节（每年11月2日，一些基督教徒用来缅怀逝去的人的节日）14. abusive translation【答案】滥译15. speak in tongues【答案】使用方言II. Translate the following terms into English. (15 points) 1. 双赢【答案】win-win2. 物流【答案】Logistics3. 裸捐【答案】all-out donation4. 醉驾【答案】drunk driving5. 辛亥革命【答案】the Revolution of 19116. 畅通重庆【答案】traffic-smooth Chongqing7. 二线城市【答案】second-tier cities8. 家电下乡【答案】home appliances going to the countryside9. 医患纠纷【答案】doctor-patient dispute10. 面子工程【答案】vanity projects11. 人民币汇率【答案】RMB exchange rate12. 占领华尔街【答案】Occupy Wall Street13. 叙利亚危机【答案】Syria crisis14. 中国农村扶贫【答案】China’s rural poverty alleviation15. 保障性安居工程【答案】government-subsidized housingIII. Translate the following passage into Chinese. (60 Points)Laurie lay luxuriously swinging to and fro in his hammock one warm September afternoon, wondering what his neighbors were about, but too lazy to go and find out. He was in one of his moods, for the day had been both unprofitable and unsatisfactory, and he was wishing he could live it over again. The hot weather made him indolent, and he had shirked his studies, tried Mr. Brooke’s patience to the utmost, displeased his grandfather by practicing half the afternoon, frightened the maidservants half out of their wits by mischievously hinting that one of his dogs was going mad, and, after high words with the stableman about some fancied neglect of his horse, he had flung himself into his hammock to fume over the stupidity of the world in general, till the peace of the lovely day quieted him in spite of himself. Staring up into the green gloom of the horse-chestnut trees above him, he dreamed dreams of all sorts, and was just imagining himself tossing on the ocean in a voyage round the world, when the sound of voices brought him ashore in a flash. Peeping through the meshes of the hammock, he saw the Marchescoming out, as if bound on some expedition. “What in the world are those girls about now?”thought Laurie, opening his sleepy eyes to take a good look, for there was something rather peculiar in the appearance of his neighbors.【参考译文】一个热烘烘的九月下午，劳里舒舒服服地躺在吊床上摇来晃去，很想知道邻居姐妹们在干什么却又懒得去弄清楚。

2010年天津外国语大学357英语翻译基础[专业硕士]考研真题及详解I. Directions: Translate the following TRANSLATION-related terms into their target language respectively. There are altogether 40 items in this part of the test, 20 in English and 20 in Chinese, with one point for each. (40’)1. CAT【答案】计算机辅助翻译2. cognition【答案】认知3. corpus【答案】语料库4. diction【答案】用语，措辞5. discourse【答案】语篇6. domestication【答案】归化7. equivalent effect【答案】等效8. ESP【答案】专门用途英语（English for Specific Purposes）9. foreignization【答案】异化10. hypotaxis【答案】形合11. methodology【答案】方法论12. over-translation【答案】超额翻译13. parataxis【答案】意合14. Pearl Buck【答案】赛珍珠15. Renaissance 【答案】文艺复兴16. translationese 【答案】翻译腔17. translatology 【答案】译学，翻译学18. transliteration 【答案】音译19. Tower of Babel 【答案】巴别塔20. under-translation 【答案】欠额翻译21. 编译【答案】Compiling22. 翻译研究【答案】translation studies23. 化境【答案】Sublimity24. 可读性【答案】Readability25. 目的语【答案】Target Language (TL)26. 歧义【答案】Ambiguity27. 神似【答案】Likeness in spirit 28. 神韵【答案】romantic charm29. 死译【答案】Word-for-word translation, stiff translation30. 四字格【答案】Four-character structure31. 天人合一【答案】Harmony between man and nature32. 信达雅【答案】Faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance33. 形似【答案】Likeness in form or appearance34. 洋泾浜【答案】Pidgin English35. 意美、音美、形美【答案】Beauty in sense, sound and form36. 意译【答案】Free translation37. 隐喻【答案】Metaphor38. 应用翻译【答案】pragmatic translation39. 源语【答案】Source language (SL)40. 直译【答案】Literal translationII. Directions: Translate the following two source texts into their target language respectively (110 ‘)Source Text 1:Do you remember how Forrest Gump was preparing for the biggest ping pong match of his life to be played in China? Well, he came, he played, and he kicked butt.I am pretty sure “Lose Face” were the words of the day.。

第2章英汉翻译◆政治经济类Practice 1Wealth, as Mr. Hobbes says, is power. But the person who either acquires, or succeeds to a great fortune, does not necessarily acquire or succeed to any political power, either civil or military. His fortune may, perhaps, afford him the means of acquiring both, but the mere possession of that fortune does not necessarily convey to him either. The power which that possession immediately and directly conveys to him, is the power of purchasing; a certain command over all the labor, or over all the produce of labor which is then in the market. His fortune is greater or less, precisely in proportion to the extent of this power; or to the quantity either of other men’s labor, or what is the same thing, of the produce of other men’s labo r, which it enables him to purchase or command. The exchangeable value of every thing must always be precisely equal to the extent of this power which it conveys to its owner.But though labor be the real measure of the exchangeable value of all commodities, it is not that by which their value is commonly estimated. It is often difficult to ascertain the proportion between two different quantities of labor. The time spent in two different sorts of work will not always alone determine this proportion. The different degrees of hardship endured, and of ingenuity exercised,must likewise be taken into account. There may be more labor in an hour's hard work than in two hours easy business; or in an hour's application to a trade which it cost ten years labor to learn, than in a month’s industry at an ordinary and obvious employment. But it is not easy to find any accurate measure either of hardship or ingenuity. In exchanging indeed the different productions of different sorts of labor for one another, some allowance is commonly made for both. It is adjusted, however, not by any accurate measure, but by the higgling and bargaining of the market, according to that sort of rough equality which thought not exact, is sufficient for carrying on the business of common life.【参考译文】霍布斯说：财富就是权力。

2013年广西民族大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解Part Ⅰ. Terminology and Phrase Translation (30%)Section A. Translate the following terms, phrases or acronyms into Chinese (15 points).1. cloud computing【答案】云计算2. CPI【答案】消费者物价指数（Consumer Price Index）3. energy drink【答案】能量饮料4. relief sculpture【答案】浮雕5. racial segregation【答案】种族隔离6. insurmountable difficulty【答案】难以克服的困难7. to honor international obligations【答案】履行国际义务8. The Communist Manifesto【答案】共产党宣言9. weapon of mass destruction【答案】大规模杀伤性武器10. gracious loser【答案】输得起的人11. landslide victory【答案】压倒性胜利12. conventional disarmament【答案】常规裁军13. FBI【答案】（美国）联邦调查局（Federal Bureau of Investigation）14. correspondence school【答案】函授学校15. international community【答案】国际社会Section B. Translate the following terms, phrases or acronyms into English (15 points).1. 微博用户【答案】microblog user2. 适度腐败【答案】Moderate corruption3. 停薪留职【答案】suspension from duty without pay4. 国际惯例【答案】international conventions5. 区域多边主义【答案】Regional multilateralism6. 不竭动力【答案】inexhaustible driving force7. 长治久安【答案】long period of stability8. 能上能下【答案】prepared for both promotion and demotion9. 最不发达国家【答案】least developed countries10. 互相尊重主权和领土完整【答案】mutual respect of sovereignty and territorial integrity11. 合法权益【答案】legitimate interest12. 恢复行使主权【答案】resume the exercise of sovereignty13. 以我个人的名义【答案】in my own name14. 重温旧情，结交新友【答案】renew old friendship and establish new contacts15. 冤家宜解不宜结【答案】Better to make friends than to make enemies.Part Ⅱ. Passage Translation (120%)1. Translate the following into Chinese (60 points).It is worth saying something about the social position of beggars, for when one has consorted with them, and found that they are ordinary human beings, one cannot help being struck by the curious attitude that society takes towards them. People seem to feel that there is some essential difference between beggars and ordinary “working” men. They are a race apart—outcasts, like criminals and prostitutes. Working men “work,” beggars do not “work”; they are parasites, worthless in their very nature. It is taken for granted that a beggar does not “earn”his living, as a bricklayer or a literary critic “earn” his. He is a mere social excrescence（疣；赘生物）, tolerated because we live in a humane age, but essentially despicable.Yet if one looks closely one sees that there is no essential difference between a beggar’s livelihood and that of numberless respectable people. Beggars do not work, it is said; but, then, what is work? A navvy works by swinging a pick. An accountant works by adding up figures. A beggar works by standing out of doors in all weathers and getting varicose veins, chronic bronchitis, etc. It is a trade the likes any other; quite useless, of course—but, then, many reputable trades are quite useless. And as a social type a beggar compares well with scores of others. He is honest compared with the sellers of most patent medicines, high-minded compared with a Sunday newspaper proprietor, amiable compared with ahire-purchase tout—in short, a parasite, but a fairly harmless parasite. He seldom extracts more than a bare living from the community, and, what should justify him according to our ethical ideas, he pays for it over and over in suffering. I do not think there is anything about a beggar that sets him in a different class from other people, or gives most modern men the right to despise him.【参考译文】关于乞丐的社会地位是一个值得谈论的话题，因为当人们和乞丐结交认识后，人们才会发现他们也是普通的人类，和我们一样。

2011年西南大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解I.Phrase Translation1.Translate the following English terms or phrases into Chinese(15points) (1)population census【答案】人口普查(2)cyber opinion【答案】网络舆论(3)marital autonomy【答案】婚姻自主权(4)global economic imbalances【答案】全球经济失衡(5)scientific literacy【答案】科学素养(6)paternity test【答案】亲子鉴定(7)opening game【答案】揭幕战(8)defending champion【答案】卫冕冠军(9)UN climate change conference【答案】联合国气候变化大会(10)Six-Party talks【答案】六方会谈(11)Asian Para Games【答案】亚洲残疾人运动会(12)ECFA【答案】两岸经济合作架构协议(Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement)(13)WHO【答案】世界卫生组织(World Health Organization)(14)ISO【答案】国际标准化组织(International Standard Organization)(15)PICC【答案】中国人民财产保险股份有限公司(People's Insurance Company of China)2.Translate the following Chinese terms or phrases into English(15points) (16)弱势群体【答案】vulnerable groups(17)城市竞争力【答案】urban competitiveness(18)房产税【答案】housing property tax(19)合同违约【答案】breach of contract(20)现场招聘【答案】on-site recruiting(21)廉租房【答案】low-rent housing(22)流动人口【答案】migrant population(23)社会保障体系【答案】social security system(24)贫富差距【答案】economic inequality(25)基本国情【答案】fundamental realities of the country(26)低碳经济【答案】low carbon economy(27)个人财产申报【答案】personal asset declaration(28)产业结构调整【答案】industrial restructuring(29)孔子学院【答案】Confucius Institute(30)清明节【答案】Tomb-sweeping DayII.Passage Translation1.Translate the following passage into Chinese(60points)Intelligent life on a planet comes of age when it first works out the reason for its own existence.If superior creatures from space ever visit earth,the first question they will ask,hi order to assess the level of our civilization,is:“Have they discovered evolution yet?”Living organisms had existed on earth,without ever knowing why,for over three thousand million years before the truth finally dawned on one of them.His name was Charles Darwin.To be fair,others had had inklings of the truth,but it was Darwin who first put together a coherent and tenable account of why we exist.Darwin made it possible for us to give a sensible answer to the curious child whose question heads this chapter.We no longer have to resort to superstition when faced with the deep problems:Is there a meaning to life?What are we for?What is man?After posing the last of these questions,the eminent zoologist G.G.Simpson put it thus:“The point I want to make now is that all attempts to answer that question before1859are worthless and that we will bebetter off if we ignore them completely.”Today the theory of evolution is about as much open to doubt as the theory that the earth goes round the sun,but the full implications of Darwin’s revolution have yet to be widely realized.Zoology is still a minority subject in universities,and even those who choose to study it often make their decision without appreciating its profound philosophical significance.Philosophy and the subjects known as “humanities”are still taught almost as if Darwin had never lived.No doubt this will change in time.In any case,this book is not intended as a general advocacy of Darwinism.Instead,it will explore the consequences of the evolution theory for a particular issue.My purpose is to examine the biology of selfishness and altruism.Apart from its academic interest,the human importance of this subject is obvious.It touches every aspect of our social lives,our loving and hating,fighting and cooperating,giving and stealing,our greed and our generosity.These claims could have been made by numerous books before,however their authors got it totally and utterly wrong.They got it wrong because they misunderstood how evolution works.They made the erroneous assumption that the important thing in evolution is the good of the species(or the group)rather than the good of the individual(or the gene).【参考译文】当行星上的智慧生物开始思索自身存在的道理时，他才算成熟。