周书麟英美概况Chapter 2

英美概况Unit1-2Summary英美概况Unit1-2 A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom1. It is an island country by the sea.Northwest Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe. English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east. 2. Geographical NAMESthe British Isles Great Britain England the United Kingdom (UK) 3.The British Isles:the island of Great Britainthe island of Irelandsurrounding islesUK=Great Britain + Northern IrelandGreat Britain =England +Scotland + Wales4.Official name:the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland5. Other names:the British Empire (大不列颠帝国)British Commonwealth of Nations（英联邦国家）England6.London1) Capital city Largest city Largest port2) Largest population (one seventh of the nation’s population)3) Financial and Commercial centre4) Culture (host the Olympic Games in 1908 ,1948, 2012)7.Political centre1) Westminster central government administrative area2)Palace of Westminster Houses of parliament (Big Ben)3)Westminster Abbey ancient church4)Whitehall (street)8.Downing street, the house of No.10 official residence of the Prime Minster9. Buckingham palace royal residence of the Queen10.A complicated country1) imperial country2)Commonwealth of Nations3) member of European Union4) a member of Group of Seven5) multiracial6) a society with a class structure7) region difference (just like China)11 The people1) Total population : about 60 million2) unevenly distributed3) Highly urbanized4) Mutiracial/Mutinational12.The origins or ancestors of the people:Anglo-Saxons →the EnglishCelts →the Scots, Welsh and Irishnon-European ethnicity →( Indian, Pakistan, Caribbean, etc.) immigrants/doc/062589667.html,mon characteristics1) Cautious 2) Adaptable 3) Conservative4)Have strong national consciousness14.Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales.(1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section.(2) Wales is in the west of Great Britain. Capital: Cardiff(3) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north；the Central lowlands；the south Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh(4) Northern Ireland is the fourth region of the UK.Capital: Belfast15.A History of invasionsEngland was occupied by Celtic people.1) in 43AD →the Roman empire2) The 5th century AD →the Angle-Saxon3) The late 8th centu ry →the Vikings and Danes4) 1066 The Norman →the important battle of Hastings Scotland The second largest nationHave the most strong national confidence.Topography: the most rugged part three natural zonesthe Highland in the north, the central Lowlands, and the Southern Uplands.1.The history of invasionsa. Scotland was not conquered by the Romans.b. Most of Scotland wasn’t conquered by Anglo- Saxons.c. In 9th century the Vikings invaded Scotland.2.PoliticsIn 1707, Scotland joined the Union by agreement of the English and the Scottish parliament.3.PartyThe Labour PartyThe Scottish National PartyThe Conservative PartyWales In the west of Great Britain.The smallest on British mainland, larger than Northern Ireland Topography: Pasture Capital: Cardiff(320,000 people) Language: English/Welsh(19%), Localism is deep-rooted. Economy: Traditional industry: Coal-mining, coal and steel New industries by attracting investment.1.History of invasiona. Wales was conquered by the Romans.b. Wales wasn’t c onquered by Anglo-Saxons and the Vikings.c. Wales was invaded by the NormansNorthern IrelandOld name: Ulster the smallest in area and population Topography: Low hills and lake district, rugged coastlines Landmark: Giant’s CausewayCapital: Belfast (about 480 000 people, Titanic was built there ) Industry: shipbuilding and aircraft manufacture Economy: stagnant forLow crime and murder rateLow wealth per headLow living cost1.Partylegal: a. the Sinn Fein partyb. SDLP: Social Democratic and Labour Party Illegal: IRA: Irish Republican Army2.Results: most of the casualties of civilians1) 1969 event2) The Provisional IRA3) Paramilitary groups4) Gettoes in Northern Irish cities5) The policy of Internment6) The Bloody Sunday。

英美概况习题(总48页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--Chapter 1 HistoryTell whether each of the following statements is true or false.1._________ In 43 . Roman Emperor Julius Caesar invaded England.答案：F2.________ The month “July”, in fact, is named after Julius Caesar himself.答案：T3.________The best-known English legend, King Arthur, derives from the Anglo-Saxons’ time.答案：T4.________ Robin Hood is a story about the Viking invasion of England.答案：F5.________ In the early stage of the Hundred Years’ War, the English won great victories.答案：T6.________The ruling Normans regarded England as their home after the Hundred Years’ War.答案：T7.________ Henry VII ended the Wars of the Roses and founded the Tudor Monarchy.答案：F8.________ English drama flourished during Elizabeth I era.答案：T9.________ Oliver Cromwell believed in the old theory “Divine right of Kings”.答案：F10.________After World War II, the British economy became the 2nd largest power in the world.答案：F11. ________ American Indians came from India 25,000 years ago.答案：F12. ________ American Indians developed the brilliant culture of the Aztecs, the Incas and the Mayas.答案：T13. ________ Columbus was the first European to set foot in what was to be called America.答案：T14.________ America was named after the great discoverer Amerigo Vespucci.答案：T15. ________ The first permanent English colony was founded in 1607 in Boston. 答案：F16. ________ Thanksgiving Day came from Britain.答案：F17. ________ By the early 1760s, the English settlers had established 13 colonies along the Atlantic coast.答案：T18. ________The Declaration of Independence officially announced the independence of 13 North American colonies.答案：T19.________ Benjamin Franklin became the first American President.答案：F20. ________ The United States did not enter World War I.答案：FFill in the blanks with the correct information.1. The golden-haired ________ are the natives of Britain, who were later called the Briton.答案: Celts2. In 55 and 43 . Britain was invaded twice by the ________.答案: Romans3. The Anglo-Saxons began to settle in Britain in the ________ century.答案: 5th4. In the late 8th century they experienced _______ invasion from Denmark and in _________ they suffered Norman Conquest.答案: Viking; 10665. Joan of Arc is a famous national heroine of French in the ___________________. 答案: Hundred Years’ War6. The Wars of the Roses were fought between the House of __________ and the House of Lancaster.答案: York7. The direct cause of King Henry VIII’s Religious Reformation was to _____ his wife.答案: divorce8. Charles I ruled the country without Parliament for _______ years.答案: 119. ______________ was also known as the “Virgin Queen” and____________ had the longest rule in English history.答案: Elizabeth I; Queen Victoria10. After World War I, Britain was overtaken by__________.答案: America11. Columbus discovered the New World in the year of________.答案: 149212. The first permanent English settlement in North America was established in ________ in the year of ________.答案: Virginia; 160713. _________________ is a purely American holiday.答案: Thanksgiving Day14. By the 1760s, the English settlers had established _________ colonies alongthe Atlantic coast.答案: 1315. ___________________ declared the birth of America.答案: Declaration of Independence16. Independence Day is celebrated on _________________.答案: 4th of July17. The book _____________________ aroused a great discontent over slavery.答案:Uncle Tom’s Cabin18. The American Civil War officially ended in the year of __________.答案: 186519. After __________ the . had changed from a debtor country to a creditor country.答案: World War I20. After __________ the . became the strongest power in the world.答案: World War IIChoose the correct answer on the basis of what is stated in the text.1. Which of the following is a famous prehistoric monument(a) Stonehenge(b) Hadrian’s Wall(c) Westminster Abby(d) Tower of London答案: (a)2. ________ were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England.(a) The Romans(b) The Anglo-Saxons(c) The Vikings(d) The Normans答案: (b)3. Which of the following is NOT part of Britain’s civilization brought by Roman invasion(a) The names of English month came from Roman gods and rulers.(b) They built towns, temples and roads.(c) They built the Hardin’s Wall.(d) They built Westminster Abby.答案: (d)4. Westminster Abbey was built at the time of ___________.(a) Roman invasion(b) Anglo-Saxons invasion(c) Viking invasion(d) Norman Conquest答案: (c)5. The Tower of London, located in the centre of London, was built by___________.(a) King Harold(b) Robin Hood(c) Oliver Cromwell(d) William the Conqueror答案: (d)6. The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of ___________.(a) the House of York(b) the House of Lancaster(c) the House of Tudor(d) the House of Stuart答案: (c)7. The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between ____________.(a) Nobles and peasants(b) Roundheads and the Cavaliers(c) Charles I and the Cavaliers(d) House of York and House of Lancaster答案: (b)8. Which of the following is NOT a consequence of the British Civil War(a) Charles I was executed.(b) Charles II was exiled.(c) The Commonwealth of England was formed.(d) The Stuart kingdom was restored.答案: (d)9. Which of the following is NOT an achievement under the rule of Elizabeth I(a) Railways were built.(b) The first settlers were sent to America.(c) English drama and poetry thrived.(d) The English navy defeated the Spanish Armada.答案: (a)10. Which of the following is NOT an achievement under the rule of Queen Victoria(a) Railways were built.(b) Most people lived in villages and worked on the land.(c) Factories and machines were built to meet people’s demand.(d) Britain became the richest country in the world.答案: (b)11. Which of the following is NOT true about American Indians(a) They are descendants of Mongoloid.(b) They crossed the Bering Strait to Alaska.(c) They grew corn only.(d) They developed brilliant civilizations.答案: (c)12. _______________ confirmed that a new continent rather than India was found.(a) Christopher Columbus(b) Amerigo Vespucci(c) King James I(d) Queen Elizabeth答案: (b)13. The Mayflower was a ship taken by _______________.(a) Christopher Columbus(b) Amerigo Vespucci(c) a group of people who wanted to get hold of treasures(d) a group of people who desired free religious practice答案: (d)14. Which of the following was a direct cause of Boston Tea Party in 1773(a) Quartering Act(b) Stamp Act(c) Tea Act(d) Taxation on sugar and coffee答案: (c)15. Which of the following took the function of a national government in the War ofIndependence(a) The First Continental Congress(b) The Second Continental Congress(c) The Confederate States(d) The Union States答案: (b)16. "No taxation without representation" was the slogan of ___________.(a) the settlers of Virginia(b) the slaves of America(c) the Indians of America(d) the people of the 13 colonial Americans答案: (d)17. ___________ was the first president of the United States of America.(a) Benjamin Franklin(b) Thomas Jefferson(c) George Washington(d) Abraham Lincoln答案: (c)18. Which of the following was NOT a cause of American Civil War(a) Religious oppression(b) Economic interests of the South and North(c) Political conflict between the South and North(d) Slavery答案: (a)19. ___________ granted freedom to all slaves in the .(a) The Quartering Act(b) The Stamp Act(c) The Declaration of Independence(d) Emancipation Proclamation答案: (d)20. The Bombing of Pearl Harbor led to America’s involvement in ___________.(a) the War of Independence(b) the Civil War(c) World War I(d) World War II答案: (d)Explain the following terms.1. The Anglo-SaxonsIn the 5th century, the tribes called the Angles and Saxons invaded Britain, coming from northern Europe. By the end of the 5th century, the Anglo-Saxons ruled most of Britain. Their language was called Old English. From them comes the name of “England” and “English”; England came from “Angle-land” meaning the land of the Anglo-Saxons.2. Norman ConquestAfter King Edward died, Duke William of Normandy, from northern France, declared that Edward had promised to let him become the king. On October 14, 1066, William and his army invaded England and defeated the English army. He was made king and crowned in Westminster Abby on Christmas Day, 1066. William is often referred to as William the Conqueror in English history.3. Robin HoodEngland's best-loved legend of Robin Hood is an outlawed Saxon nobleman oppressed by the Normans. He hid in the forest near Sherwood with his band of followers, called “merry men”. From this secret wood, they went out to rob from the rich to give to the poor with their longbows. Robin Hood has been a popular subject of numerous films, television series, books, comics and plays.4. The Hundred Years’ WarAt the beginning of the 14th century, England developed into a stronger state in Europe. Consequently, the rich wanted to control more markets and the nobles wanted to regain their lost land. When King Edward III of England declared that he should become the French king, the French rejected his claim so he declared war on France in 1337. The war lasted intermittently for 116 years, hence being known as the Hundred Years’ War.5. The Civil WarIn January 1642 the Civil War broke out between the Roundheads (supporters of Parliament) and the Cavaliers (supporters of the King). The CivilWar ended with the Parliamentary victory and it led to the execution of Charles I, and his son Charles II was driven out of the country in 1649. In addition to that, Oliver Cromwell, the leader of the Roundheads,formed republican England, known as the Commonwealth of England and the English monarchy was abolished.6. American IndiansThe American Indians were the descendants of the Mongoloid. The name “Indians” was given by Columbus when he mistook them for the people of India. It is believed that about 25,000 years ago the Indians crossed the Bering Strait land bridge to Alaska. The American Indians developed the brilliant civilizations of the Aztecs, the Incas and the Mayas.7. Columbus’“discovery ” of AmericaIn 1492, Columbus persuaded the king and queen of Spain to finance his voyage. He believed that by sailing west from Europe, he could reach India. Columbus failed to reach India but landed at one of the Caribbean islands instead. He mistook these islands for part of India and called the local people Indians.8. The MayflowerThe Mayflower has a famous position in American history as a symbol of early European colonization. With their religion oppressed by the Church of England, in the autumn of 1620, 102 people sailed to the New World in a shipnamed the “Mayflower”. Late in December, the Mayflower finally landed in what is now Plymouth, Massachusetts.9. Declaration of IndependenceOn July 2, 1776, the Congress finally determined that these United Colonies ought to be free and independent states. Thomas Jefferson, assisted by Benjamin Franklin, drafted the Declaration of Independence, which the Congress adopted on July 4, 1776. It announced the independence of 13 North American colonies and the birth of a new nation.10. Abraham LincolnIn March 1861 Abraham Lincoln took the office of president. He realized that by making the war a battle against slavery, he could win support for the Union at home and abroad. On January 1, 1863, he issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which granted freedom to all slaves.Chapter 2 GeographyTell whether each of the following statements is true or false.1. ________ Britain is situated in Western Europe.答案：T2. ________The island of Great Britain occupies more than 90% of the territory of the .答案：TPeople of Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland do not like to be called English people.答案：TEdinburgh is the largest city in Scotland.答案：FBritain has a cold maritime climate.答案：F6. ________ The cheapest way to get around London is no doubt London's underground network.答案：F7. ________ Heathrow Airport is the busiest airport in the world.答案：T8. ________ Only the Old Town district of Edinburgh was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1995.答案：F9.________ The Lake District is closely related with English literature in the 19th century.答案：T10.________ The Lake District National Park is one of fourteen national parks in the United Kingdom.答案：T11. ________ The whole country of the . is situated in the central part of North America.答案：F12. ________ Alaska is the largest state in the .答案：T13. ________ The longest river in North America is the Missouri River.答案：FWashington, ., as the capital of the United States, is governed directly by the District of Columbia.答案：F15. ________ Washington is often called "The City that Never Sleeps".答案：FNew York was founded as a commercial trading post by the Dutch East India Company.答案：T17. ________ The headquarters of the United Nations is located in the city of Washington.答案：F18. ________ The city of San Francisco is the most populous city in the .答案：F19. ________ Hollywood is governed by its honorary mayor.答案：FOnly Lake Michigan is entirely within the .答案：TFill in the blanks with the correct information.1. Britain is separated from the European continent by__________, the Strait of Dover and _____________.答案: the North Sea; the English Channel2. Britain is made up of many islands collectively known as the British Isles, of which ___________ and __________ are the two main islands.答案: Great Britain; Ireland3. Geographically, the island of Great Britain can be divided into two major regions —____________ and _____________.答案: the highland zone; the lowland zone4. The northern part of the island of Ireland is part of the United Kingdom, while _____________________, which occupies the southern part of the island, is an independent country.答案: the Republic of Ireland5. __________ is the capital of both England and the United Kingdom.答案: London6. __________ is the Queen's official and main royal London home.答案: Buckingham Palace7. When the Queen is at home, you can see her royal flag, referred to as _______________, flying from the flagpole on top of Buckingham Palace.答案: the Royal Standard8. Edinburgh is well known for the annual _______________, the world’s largest arts festival.答案: Edinburgh Festival9. Ben Nevis is the highest mountain in _____________.答案: the British Isles10. _______________ is a natural product made only from cereals, water and yeast.答案: Scotch Whisky11. The United States is the ________ largest country in the world.答案: 4th12. The . is bordered by ______ on the north and by ______ and the Gulf of Mexicoon the south.答案: Canada; Mexico13. Hawaii is situated in the central __________.答案: Pacific Ocean14. The central part of the United States is composed of vast plains between_____________ and _______________.答案: the Appalachian Mountains; the Rocky Mountains15. It is extremely _______ in northern Alaska but quite _______ and humid insouthern Florida and Hawaii.答案: cold; mild16. The District of Columbia was named after ______________ while the city ofWashington was named after ______________.答案: Christopher Columbus; George Washington17. The famous New York Stock Exchange is just on _____________ of Manhattan.答案: Wall Street18. The Chinatown in _____________ is the oldest Chinatown in North America.答案: San Francisco19. The Kodak Theatre, which opened in 2001 on Hollywood Boulevard atHighland Avenue, has become the new home of ___________.答案: the Oscars20. The _______________ is nearly a three-and-a-half-mile round-trip walk.答案: Walk of FameChoose the correct answer on the basis of what is stated in the text.1. Why was Britain known as “an empire on which the sun never sets”(a) Because it used to be the largest country in the world.(b) Because it was once one of the oldest and strongest colonial powers in the world.(c) Because it had bought a lot of islands around the world.(d) Because it used to be the greatest industrialized country in the world.答案: (b)2. The island of Great Britain is divided into three parts:________.(a)Ireland, Scotland, and Wales(b)England, Scotland, and Ireland(c)England, Scotland, and Northern Ireland(d)England, Scotland, and Wales答案: (d)3. The capital of Northern Ireland is________.(a)London(b)Belfast(c)Cardiff(d)Edinburgh答案: (b)4. Britain has a _______ climate.(a) temperate(b) maritime(c) stable(d) both a and b答案: (d)5. Britain is often ______ in winter.(a)warm(b)very cold(c)foggy(d)sunny答案: (c)6. The capital of Britain is in _______.(a)England(b)Scotland(c)Wales(d)Northern Ireland答案: (a)7. ________ flows through the city of London.(a)The Forth River(b)The Clyde River(c)The Tay River(d)The River Thames答案: (d)8. Which of the following is NOT a World Heritage Site(a) The Tower of London(b) The historic settlement of Greenwich(c) The Big Ben(d) The Palace of Westminster, Westminster Abbey and St. Margaret's Church 答案: (c)9. _______________over the River Thames has also become one of the symbols of the city.(a)The Tower Bridge of London(b)St. Paul’s Cathedral(c)The British Museum(d)The Bridge of London答案: (a)10. Windermere is the largest natural _______ in England.(a) lake(b)river(c)mountain(d)valley答案: (a)11. Alaska was bought by the USA from ___________ in 1867.(a) Russia(b) the former USSR(c) China(d) Canada答案: (a)12. _________ is the fiftieth state of the .(a) Alaska(b) Hawaii(c) Kentucky(d) California答案: (b)13. _______________ is known as the “father of waters” to American Indians.(a) The River Thames(b) The Missouri River(c) The Tay River(d) The Mississippi River答案: (d)14. The White House has been the executive residence of every . President since ______________.(a) Christopher Columbus(b) John Adams(c) Abraham Lincoln(d) George Washington答案: (b)15. In the East Wing of the White House you can find ______________.(a)the Oval Office(b)the executive offices of the President(c)the executive offices of the Vice President(d)the office of the First Lady答案: (a)16. The city of New York consists of some boroughs EXCEPT ___________.(a)The Bronx(b)Brooklyn(c)Queensland(d)Queens答案: (c)17. New York has been home to several of the tallest buildings in the world such as ___________ .(a) the Statue of Liberty(b) New York Stock Exchange(c) the Empire State Building(d) the headquarters of the United Nations答案: (c)18. __________________, which spans the waterway connecting San Francisco Bay with the Pacific, is well known all over the world.(a) The Niagara Falls(b) The Golden Gate Bridge(c) The Statue of Liberty(d) The English Channel19. San Francisco's Chinatown is the largest Chinese community outside of___________.(a) Asia(b) Mainland China(c) China(d) South-East Asia答案: (a)20. Hollywood is a district in the state of ________.(a) Florida(b) California(c) Ohio(d) Kentucky答案: (b)Explain the following terms.1.The British IslesThe British Isles is the name of some islands in Western Europe, separated from the European continent by the North Sea, the Strait of Dover and the English Channel. Among the islands, Great Britain and Ireland are the two main ones. The country of the . mainly consists of these two islands.London is the capital of both England and the United Kingdom, and the world’s ninth largest city. As one of the world's most important business, financial and cultural centers, it carries a lot of influence in aspect of politics, education, entertainment, media, fashion and the arts. The city is also a major tourist destination for both domestic and overseas visitors.3.Edinburgh FestivalEdinburgh is well known for the annual Edinburgh Festival, the world’s largest arts festival. Established in 1947, it takes place in the city during three weeks every August alongside several other arts and cultural festivals, collectively known as the Edinburgh Festival.4. New York CityThe city of New York, the largest city in the United States, is known for its status as a financial, cultural, transportation, and manufacturing center. The city consists of five boroughs: The Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island. Among American cities, New York is unique for its 24-hour mass transit, so the city is sometimes referred to as "The City that Never Sleeps". New York City is the most populous city in the United States, and it is unique for the density and diversity of its population.5. White HouseThe White House is the official residence and principal workplace of the President of the United States. It was built between 1792 and 1800 in the late Georgian style and has been the executive residence of every . President since John Adams, the 2nd president of the .6.HollywoodHollywood is a district in Los Angeles, California. Because it is well known as the historical center of movie studios and stars, the word "Hollywood" is often used as a symbol for the American film and television industry. Many historic Hollywood theaters are used as venues to premiere major theatrical releases and host the Academy Awards. Hollywood is a popular destination for nightlife and tourism and home to the Walk of Fame.Chapter 3 PoliticsTell whether each of the following statements is true or false.1.________ It is no doubt that . is the oldest representative democracy in the world.答案：F2. ________The real importance of the monarch is largely traditional and symbolic.答案：T3. ________ The British Parliament consists of the Queen, the House of Lords and the House of Commons.答案：T4. ________ Life peers are elected by the British people.答案：FThe center of power of the . has shifted from the monarch to the House of Lords.答案：F6. ________ The ., like Israel, has a written constitution of the sort which most countries have.答案：FCommon laws are laws which have been established through common practice in the courts.答案：T8. ________ There are two major national parties in the . according to the text.答案：T9. ________ From 1979 to 1997, the Conservative Party won 4 elections under the leadership of Margret Thatcher and John Major.答案：T10.________ The Liberal Democratic Party is the newest of the major national parties.答案：F11. ________ The . Constitution set up a federal system.答案：T12. ________ The "Bill of Rights" was added to the Constitution in 1791.答案：T13. ________ Checks and balances is a system for limiting the powers of theHouse of Representatives.答案：FThe main duty of the Congress is to make laws.答案：T15. ________ Most heavily populated districts have more senators than the small states.答案：F16. ________ The president can appoint any federal judges as he wishes.答案：F17. ________ The representatives of the House must be at least 35 years old.答案：FThe judicial branch consists of the Supreme Court, the Courts of Appeals and the district courts.答案：T19. ________ The United States has two major political parties: the Democratic Party and the Conservative Party.答案：F20. ________ The Democratic Party is considered to be a more liberal party.答案：TFill in the blanks with the correct information.1. The Parliament is composed of three parts: the queen, the House of ______, and the House of _________.答案: Lords; Commons2. Life peers should be nominated by _________, and appointed by____________.答案: the Prime Minister; the Sovereign/Queen3. In the ., the official head of state is_____________ while the real centre ofpolitical life is in____________.答案: the Queen; the House of Commons4. There are three major parties in the .: the ____________, the ____________ and theLiberal Party.答案: Conservative Party; Labour Party5. From 1979 to 1997, the ____________ Party won 4 consecutive elections and was in power for quite a long time.答案: Conservative6. The governmental power shared between the central government and the state government is called ________.答案: a federal system7. The . federal government consists of the following three branches: the legislative branch, the ________ branch, and the ________ branch.答案: executive; judicial8. The Supreme Court is composed of________ chief justice and _______ associate justices.答案: one; eight9. The Congress is divided into___________ and the House of __________. The Senators serve six-year terms, and the Representatives serve ________-year terms.答案: Senate; Representatives; two10. The two major political parties are ________, which is thought to be more liberal, and ________, which is believed to be more conservative.答案: the Democratic Party; the Republican PartyChoose the correct answer on the basis of what is stated in the text.1. Which of the following is NOT the function of the Queen of the .(a) She is the head of the government.(b) She is the head of the armed forces.(c) She governs the government.(d) Her role is ceremonial and formal.答案: (c)2. Which of the following about the Parliament is NOT true(a) The Queen is part of the Parliament.(b) It has the power of passing laws.(c) It has the power to check the government.(d) It consists of two parts.答案: (d)3. Which of the following about the House of Commons is NOT true(a) Members of Parliament elect the Cabinet.(b) MPs can be elected for limitless times.(c) MPs are expected to represent the interests of the public.(d) Most MPs belong to the major political parties.答案: (a)4. How many constituencies are there in the .(a) 651(b) 326(c) 626(d) 351答案: (a)5. How many years does a parliament usually stand for(a) 3 years(b) 4 years(c) 5 years(d) 6 years答案: (c)6. Which British party supports a "free market"(a) The Conservative Party(b) The Liberal Democrats(c) The Party of Wales(d) The Labour Party答案: (a)7. Which group of people tends to support the Conservative Party(a) The middle class(b) The upper middle class(c) The working class(d) B oth a and b答案: (d)8. Which British party believes that the government is to act as a “redistributive” agent(a) The Conservative Party(b) The Liberal Democrats(c) The Party of Wales(d) The Labour Party答案: (d)9. Which of the following is a Conservative Party leader(a) Margret Thatcher(b) Tony Blair(c) Gordon Brown。

专业课程《英美概况2》目录•课程介绍与教学目标•英国篇：政治、经济与社会制度•美国篇：政治、经济与社会制度•英美文化：传统、习俗与价值观•英美教育：体系、特点与发展趋势•英美科技：创新、应用与影响•总结与展望：深化对英美的理解与认识01课程介绍与教学目标《英美概况2》课程简介01本课程是英语专业的一门必修课程，旨在帮助学生深入了解英国和美国的历史、文化、政治、经济等方面的知识。

02通过本课程的学习，学生可以更好地理解和分析英美两国的社会现象和问题，提高跨文化交际能力。

03本课程采用多媒体教学和课堂讨论相结合的方式，鼓励学生积极参与和互动。

教学目标与要求知识目标掌握英美两国的基本概况，包括历史、文化、政治、经济等方面的知识。

能力目标能够运用所学知识分析和解决与英美两国相关的问题；提高跨文化交际能力。

情感目标培养学生对英美文化的兴趣和好奇心，增强跨文化意识和国际视野。

教材及参考书目教材《英美概况教程》（第二版），高等教育出版社。

参考书目《英国文化史》、《美国文化史》、《英美政治制度比较》等。

同时建议学生积极利用网络资源，如BBC、CNN等英文媒体，以及各类学术网站和数据库，获取最新的信息和资料。

02英国篇：政治、经济与社会制度英国政治制度及改革议会制度英国实行议会制，议会是最高立法机关，由上议院和下议院组成。

议会拥有立法权、财政权和监督权。

内阁制度英国内阁由首相和若干名大臣组成，是最高行政机关。

首相由下议院多数党领袖担任，负责组建内阁并领导政府。

选举制度英国实行普选制，选民通过投票选举产生议员和地方政府官员。

选举采取简单多数制，即获得最多选票的候选人或政党获胜。

英国经济发展现状与趋势经济现状英国是世界第五大经济体，拥有高度发达的工业、服务业和金融业。

伦敦是世界著名的金融中心之一。

经济发展趋势近年来，英国经济保持稳定增长，但面临着一些挑战，如人口老龄化、生产率增长缓慢等。

未来，英国经济将继续向数字化、绿色化和全球化方向发展。

CHAPTER2 GEOGRAPHY OF THE UNITED KINGDOMDifferent Names for UK and its Parts1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England.British Isles: the main land, Britain; part of the Irish island; and a host of nearby smaller islands. Great Britain: England, Wales, and Scotland.England: one of several separated political entities.2. Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.In political sense, UK also includes the many islands around Britain and the few remnants of the British Empire, such as the British Virgin Islands or the British region of Antarctica.3. Three political divisions on the main island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales.(1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section.(2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the south Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh(3) Wales is in the west of Great Britain. Capital: Cardiff(4) Northern Ireland is the fourth region of the UK. Capital: Belfast.4. The Commonwealth (of nations):It is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. It was founded in 1931, and has 50 member countries until 1991.II. Geographical Features 英国的地理特征1.Geographical position of Britain:Britain is an island country surrounded by the sea. It lies in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe. It is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east.2.The north and west of Britain are mainly highlands; and the east and southeast are mostly lowlands.III. Rivers and Lakes 河流与湖泊Ben Nevis is the highest mountain in Britain (1,343m).Severn River is the longest river in Britain (338km).Thames River is the second longest and most important river in Britain. (336km).Lough Neagh is the largest lake in Britain which is located in Northern Ireland. (396 square kilometres).River Clyde is the most important river in Scotland.Snowdonia is the highest mountain in Wales.（1,085m）IV. Climate 气候1. Britain's favorable climateBritain has a maritime climate: winters are not too cold and summers are not too hot. It has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year. The temperature varies within a small range. 2.The factors influence the climate in Britain:1）The surrounding waters tend to balance the seasonal differences by heating up the land in winter and cooling it off in summer;差的作用；2)The prevailing south-west winds or the Westerlies blow over the country all the year roundbringing warm and wet air in winter and keeping the temperatures moderate;3）The North Atlantic Drift passes the western coast of the British Isles and warms them.3.RainfallBritain has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year. The average annual rainfall in Britain is over 1,000mm. There is a water surplus in the north and west, and a water deficit in the south and east.V. The People1.population distributionBritain has a population of about 57 millions and it is very unevenly distributed. 90% of the population is urban and only 10% is rural. The population of Britain is made up mainly of the English (81.5%), the Scottish (9.6%), the Welsh (1.9%), the Irish (2.4%), the Northern Irish (1.8%) and other peoples (2.8%).2.The difference between the ancestors of the English and Scots, Welsh and Irish:The ancestors of the English are Anglo-Saxons; the Scots, Welsh and Irish are Celts.3.The difference in character The Welsh are emotional and cheerful people. They are music lovers and are proud of their past.The Scots are said to be a serious, cautious and thrifty people, and they are also hospitable, generous and friendly.The Irish are charm and vivacity.。

英美概况一、引言英美是世界上最具影响力的两个国家之一。

它们在政治、经济、文化等方面都具有重要地位，对全球事务产生着巨大影响。

本文将介绍英美的概况，包括其地理、历史、政治体制、经济特征、文化传统等方面的内容。

二、地理特征英美地理上位于北美洲和欧洲西北部。

英国是由大不列颠岛、北爱尔兰和其他岛屿组成的岛国，而美国则横跨北美洲的中北部，拥有广袤的土地和多样的地貌。

两国均享有得天独厚的地理优势，拥有丰富的自然资源。

英国气候温和多雨，其著名的乡村风光和城市景观吸引了众多游客。

美国的气候多样，从亚热带到温带再到寒带都有覆盖，其自然景观包括大峡谷、黄石国家公园等世界级的自然奇观。

三、历史沿革英美的历史源远流长。

英国自古以来就是一个重要的国家，曾经统治过英帝国，将其文化和制度传播到全球各地。

美国则在17世纪开始建立，经过独立战争后成为一个独立自主的国家。

英国和美国在历史上有着密切的联系。

美国的政治制度和法律体系受到了英国的影响，英文也成为美国的官方语言之一。

两国之间的经济合作也非常紧密，互为重要的贸易伙伴。

四、政治体制英国是一个君主立宪制国家，现在的国家元首是女王伊丽莎白二世。

英国的政治制度相对稳定，民主成熟，议会制度是其核心。

议会分为两院，下议院成员由选举产生，上议院则由继承、任命和制度推举产生。

美国是一个联邦制共和国，政府采取三权分立的制度。

总统是国家元首和政府首脑，由选举产生。

国会由参议院和众议院构成，代表着各州和人民的利益。

美国政治体制注重权力平衡和制衡，保障了国家的稳定和民主。

五、经济特征英美在经济上都属于高收入国家，拥有发达的市场经济。

英国是全球最重要的金融中心之一，伦敦市是世界金融的核心。

英国的经济以金融、保险、制造业和创新科技为支柱。

美国是全球最大的经济体，拥有强大的经济实力和产业基础。

其经济结构多样化，包括工业、农业、服务业等多个领域。

美国的创新和科技水平世界领先，许多科技巨头诞生于美国。

六、文化传统英美文化有着广泛的影响力。