东师英美概况(二)20秋在线作业2【标准答案】

东师中外学前教育史20秋在线作业2答案24882(单选题)1:XXX提出一种新的教学方法：A:自然教育方法B:启发教育方法C:引导教育方法D:开发教育方法正确答案: D(单选题)2:法国近代学前教育开端“ 编织学校”创立于：A: 1776年B: 1835年C: 1826年D: 1870年正确答案: A(单选题)3:我国第一个幼儿教育机构是：A:上海公立幼稚舍B:XXXC:XXXD:XXX正确答案: B(单选题)4:XXX提出的儿童教育的口号是：A:一切为儿童B:尚自然，展个性C:崇尚美育D:爱满天下正确谜底: D(单选题)5:人类认识事物的主观上的结构称为：A:同化B:顺应C:图式D:平衡正确谜底: C(单项选择题)6:日本教诲史上第一所国立幼儿园是：A:XXXB:简易幼儿园C:托儿所D:私人幼儿园正确答案: A(单选题)7:近代学前教育设施的萌芽“编织学A:XXX校”的建立者是：B:XXXC:XXXD:XXX正确答案: D(单项选择题)8:美国第一所幼儿园由玛格丽特•XXX创办的专门招收的移民子女是：A:英国B:法国C:德国D:日本正确答案: C(单选题)9:XXX提出的创造教育的思想是：A:六大解放B:尚自然，展个性C:崇尚美育D:爱满天下正确谜底: A(单选题)10:美国对处于困境者家庭子女进行“ 补偿教育”的是：A: “开端计划”B:保育学校活动C:《青少年法》D:进步主义运动正确答案: A(多选题)11:日本《幼儿园保育及装备规程》对幼儿园的以下内容作出规定：A:设施、设备B:保育费用C:保育时间D:保育内容正确答案: A,C,D(多选题)12:古代埃及学前内容包括：A:祭祀B:修建C:军事D:医学与农务正确答案: A,B,C,D(多选题)13:法国学前教诲的作用有：A:启蒙教育B:诊断与治疗C:社会化D:与小学衔接正确答案: A,B,C,D(多选题)14:在英国1 9世纪前期的幼儿学校的主要代表是：A:XXXB:XXXC:维尔德斯平幼儿学校D:XXX幼儿学校正确答案: B,C(多选题)15:XXX主张教师应：A:观察儿童B:娇惯儿童C:了解儿童D:热爱儿童E:溺爱儿童正确答案: A,C,D(多选题)16:下列论述正确的有：A:XXX推行艺友制的方法培训师资B:XXX根据观察记录写成《儿童生理之研究》C:XXX提出了生活教育理论D:XXX提出了行为课程主张E:整个教学法的思想是XXX进行的课程实验主张正确答案: A,B,D(多选题)17:福禄倍尔关于学前教育的地位和作用的观点是：A:重视学前教育在人的发展中的作用B:强调家庭和父母对儿童教育的作用C:建立学前教育的专门机构来培养幼儿D:为幼儿园设计游戏及“恩物”正确谜底: A,B,C,D(多选题)18:XXX把初步智力教育内容规定为：A:外部世界的初步观念B:语言能力C:手的初步技能D:熟练的写作能力正确答案: A,B,C(多选题)19:乌申斯基代表作有：A:《家庭和学校》B:《儿童世界》C:《人是教诲的对象》D:《祖国语言》正确答案: B,C,D(多选题)20:在英国19世纪前期的幼儿学校的主要代表是：A:XXXB:XXXC:维尔德斯平幼儿学校D:XXX幼儿学校正确答案: B,C(判断题)21:XXX在“儿童之家”进行感官教育训练。

《英美概况（二）》练习题一答案套一、答案I．Fill in the following blanks in English1. cotton2. Indians3. Superior; Michigan; Huron; Erie; Ontario; Michigan; Canada4. 16075. 126. winner-take-all; majority /2707. Vice- Presidency8.18549. private10. Pittsburg 11. space 12. Scandinavian 13. Civil Rights Movement 14. 88 000, 18 00015. 1922 16. four 17. IndependenceII. In each of the following questions there are four choices. Choose the correct one1. C2.B3.A4.D5.A6.C7.B8.C9.D 10.B11.B 12.B 13.D 14.D 15.A 16.C 17.B 18.B 19.D 20.DIII. Decide whether the following statements are true [T] or false [F]1.T2. F3. F4.F5. T6. F7.F8.T9. T 10.TIII. Define the following terms1. Yale University is a private university in New Haven, Connecticut, USA, which was named after Elihu Yale, an early patron and was chartered in 1701. It consists of Yale College for men, three other undergraduate schools for men and women, and eight graduate schools for men and women.2. It is the largest and most famous American stock market. Located on Wall Street in New York City, it centralizes the trading of stock of over 3000 corporations, and hundreds of millions of shares are bought and sold there each day.3.The second continental congress was held in Philadelphia in May 1775. It decided to take charge of the troops around Boston and appointed George Washington as commander to fight for their freedom and independence. IV. Answer the following questions1.In the post World War 11 decade, the United States was the richest nation in the world. After a brief period of postwar adjustment, the economy boomed. Consumers demanded goods and services. Businesses produced more to meet this demand. With 6 percent of the world' s population, the United States produced half the world's goods. As productivity rose, the labor market changed. Employment grew rapidly in the service sector, which includes sales work, office work, and government jobs. Federal foreign aid programs provided overseas markets for US businesses. Finally, the government spent large amounts of money by providing loans, fighting the Cold War, and finding social programs. Technological advances, many achieved with federate aid, ushered in new industries and sped up the pace of production in old ones. Government spending plus consumer demand led to an era of widespread prosperity, rising living standards, and social mobility…2. The mass education can provide free public education for all of American children and improve the whole quality of American citizenries, while it also has caused several problems. One criticism is that basic education in the United States catered to the “least common denominator”,meaning the teacher gives attention to theslower learners while the brighter students become bored and lose interest in learning. A related issue involves "mainstreaming", a program which allows physically and mentally handicapped children to attend the same classes with children without these problems. While parents of handicapped children want their children to be included, other parents are concerned that their children are not receiving the best possible education because the teacher spends a great deal of time helping the disadvantaged students. Moreover, the costs for educating handicapped exceed the costs for educating other children.套二、答案I. In each of the following questions there are four choices. Choose the correct one1.B2.A3.B4.C5.A6.C7.B8.B9.C 10.D11.B 12.B 13.C 14.D 15.A 16.B 17.C 18.B 19.B 20.DII. Explain the following terms1. The Boston Massacre took place before the American War of Independence. In 1768 some English troopswere sent to the colonies to help tax-collectors. The people of the colonies hated these soldiers. In the spring of 1770 in Boston, a soldier was hit by a club and at last some of the troops fired and killed four people, with many wounded. This is known as Boston Massacre. After the event, Boston was in an uproar. A big meeting was called, demanding that the English troops should be removed. This showed that the people in the colonies began their struggle against the British rule.2. This is a kind of principle in American Presidential election. If the voters of a state choose presidential electors,they have to choose between a Democratic list and a Republican list because of the American two-party system. If the candidates of a party for “ele c tors” in a given state receive a majority of the total vote, then the party is entitled to have all the electoral votes for that state, even though a presidential receives only slightly more than electoral votes of that stat e. This system is known as the “winner-take-all” principle.3. In American political system, the American Constitution divides the powers of the government into threebranches —the Executive, the Legislative and the Judicial. According to the Constitution the powers of the three branches should be separated and kept balanced. The Constitution limits the powers of each branch and prevents any one branch from gaining undue power. This balance is always kept among the three branches and this is called the “system of checks and balances”.4. The American Civil Rights Movement mainly refers to the American black people's struggle against the racialdiscrimination in 1960s. As early as in 1950s, the black people once struggled against segregation in schools.In 1960, the blacks in 20 states held a large-scale sit-in demonstration protesting against racial segregation. In 1961 the blacks held a freedom-rides against segregation on buses. Under the outstanding leader Martin Luther King, the Civil Rights Movement went still further in mid-1960s. There was a march on Washington for “Jobs and Freedom”. So in 1964 the Civil Rights Act was passed. This movement shows the American black people's bravery and confidence in their struggles for equal rights and liberty.5. Wall Street is a street in lower Manhattan, New York. Wall Street was the northern limit of New York in 1653,when the Dutch built a wooden palisade here to protect the colony from Indian attack. Now it is the center of one of the most important financial districts in the world, and the name Wall Street is often used to mean the Stock Exchange or American finance in general. Wall Street is the symbol of American monopoly capitalism. III. Answer the following questions1. During American Civil War, Abraham Lincoln took two important measures, one is the “Homestead Bill”,the other is the “Emancipation Proclamation”. During the first stage of the war from 1861 to 1862, the North was in an unfavorable condition. The North army could not get much support from farmers and Negroes, because many farmers had not got enough land and Negroes had been still enslaved. So they had no interest in the war. In order to get support from the broad masses, Lincoln took these two measures. In May 1862 Lincoln issued the Homestead Bill, and this stimulated the development of capitalist agriculture in the South, greatly encouraged farmers. In September 1962, Lincoln issued the famous “Emancipation Proclamation”, freeing a great number of the slaves in the South and permitting them to join the armed forces of the North.After issuing the two measures, Lincoln's army became much stronger and got more support from the broad masses. Finally Lincoln won the war.2. In the U.S. government there are three branches: the executive, the legislative and the judicial branches.The executive branch is headed by the President, consists of eleven departments and many independent agencies, including the postal service. The President, as the chief executive, performs many functions.He is the head of the government and chief of state. The President can negotiate foreign treaties, appoint government officials, command the armed forces, send and receive diplomatic officials. In fact he makes foreign policy. He also in e ach year submits to Congress a “State of the Union Message”, budget message and other reports. He may introduce legislative bill to Congress. The President has great power in the government. The legislative branch refers to Congress. Only Congress has the right; to make laws. It is the supreme legislative body of the nation, It is made of two houses —the senate and the House of the Representatives. The judicial branch refers to the Supreme Court and some inferior courts. The Supreme Court is the highest court of the whole land and has the sole right to interpret the Constitution and review laws to see whether they are in agreement with the Constitution. The Supreme Court is headed by a Chief Justice and eight other justices.套三、答案I. Fill in the following blanks.1. Harvard,2. the end of American Civil War,3.Orthodox Eastern Church,4. Louisiana,5. arrow and heart.6. patriotism; American ideals,7. individuals,8. New Year’s Day;Santa Claus; North Pole; Christmas Eve; sleigh; reindeer; Christmas treeII. In each of the following questions there are four choices. Choose the correct answer. (10%)1. A2.C.3.D4.B5.C6. D7.B8.A9.A 10.DIII. Explain the following terms.1. When Franklin D. Rooselvelt was elected American President in 1982, American was in the Great Depression. In order to save the situation, he made a program to deal with the economic emergency. This program is known as the “ New Deal “. According to the “New Deal”, Roosevelt took efforts to consolidate the old marker at abroad and also to conquer new ones. At home, many public project, were launched to create employment through a huge increase in government responsibility. Crops were destroyed and agriculture production was cut down to stabilize the falling farm prices. The big industries were compelled to make reforms. Roosevelt also took some measures of “social security”, paying pension to the old, unemployed and the injur ed. The “New Deal”relaxed the economic crisis, made some concessions to the working people. The more important thing is that the Roosevelt Government carried out a progressive foreign policy against fascist aggression and wars.2. It is the largest library in the USA. It serves as a reference library. In 1800 Congress passed legislation founding the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C., which was initially established to serve the needs of the members of Congress. Since then, this extraordinary collecti on has become one of the world’s great libraries and a depository for every work copyrighted in the United States. The library is open to the public and maintains major collections of papers, photographs, films, maps, and music.3.In brief, the mass media, including the press, radio, TV and Internet, is the methods of communication for the people. They offer general and narrow audiences with ideas, information and entertainment.4. V oice of America is the most famous of the radio stations of the America. It is started on the air in WashingtonD.C. in 1942 in the Second World War as a speaker for war information. VOA programs include news, commentary, popular music and features about American culture. Owing to its external service function, now it has 16 broadcasting stations, and about 40 foreign languages were used besides English, ranging from Albanian to Chinese. Some advanced technology such as relay facilities and satellites are used to send programs overseas.5. A famous novel written by Harriet Beecher Stowe in 1852. The novel described the cruel things that might happen to a slave under a cruel master. It had a very strong influence and aroused a great and universal hatred for slavery.IV. Answer the following questions.1. By the end of the 19th century the United States had grown into a highly developed industrial country andreached the stage of imperialism. Then it began its overseas expansion. Hawaii fell into her control in 1893. In 1898 U. S. Congress declared war on Spain. It invaded China by means of both force and culture. In 1906 it put down the Cuban uprising. During the two world wars, the U.S. also extended its economic and military influences over Far East, Europe and the Pacific Region. After the war, the U. S. started it s “Cold War”, and established NATO against the Soviet Union. In 1950 it invaded Korea. In 1964 the U. S. started long year's Vietnam War. In 1990s the U. S. attacked Iraq and Kosovo. In a word , the United States never stops its aggression and expansion.2. (1) The system of the Gulf: The Mississippi River and its tributaries form an important inland navigation andirrigation system. (2) The system of the Atlantic: The Hudson River, linked by canals with the five Great Lakes, is one of the main arteries for inland water traffic. There are also Potomac River, St. Lawrence River which serves as an international river forming part of the boundary between U.S. and Canada. (3) The system of the Pacific: two major rivers, the Columbia River and the Colorado River which are rich in potential water power.3. American industry is developing so rapidly that it has been in the leading position for the past century. Manymanufacture goods rank the first three in the world. Its major industry includes aircraft, computers, chemicals, electronics, motor vehicles, textiles, etc. There are many big companies and small enterprises…《英美概况（二）》练习题二答案套四、答案I. Fill in the following blanks.1. 1607, 17762.Christopher Columbus3.Plymouth4. Philadelphia5. 17836. Missouri, Ohio7. St. Lawrence River8. Colorado River9. Appalachian 10. Potomac 11. three 12. State 13.Bill of Rights 14. House of Representatives 15. DemocraticII. Decide whether the following statements are true [T] or false [F]1.[F]2.[T]3.[F]4.[T]5.[T]6. [F]7. [F]8.[T]9. [F] 10. [F]III. Explain the following terms.1. The Democratic Party grew out of the “ Anti-Federalists” that appeared after 1787. It was founded in 1828, ledby a group of planters and capitalists and a considerable number of small farmers. Thomas Jefferson was the leader.2. The parties in the United States choose all th eir candidates for election at “primary e lections”, which is held inspring. “Primary elections” are considered the first step and part of the formal voting process and it has many forms. Once the party candidates have been chosen, the primary campaign between the parties begins Sometimes a lot of money is needed for a primary campaign.3. The war was started under Eisenhower and ended in January 1973. It ended with a victory of the NorthVietnamese people and a thorough failure of the United States. The Vietnam War was an example of American imperialism for the benefit of the American corporate military interests.4.. the Civil Rights Movement carried by the blacks to get the civil rights in 1950's to 1960's and to fight againstracial segregation. As the result of their struggle, the Civil Rights Act was passed in 1964. And the V oting Rights Act was passed in 1965.5. Martin Luther King was an outstanding leader of the Civil Rights Movement, a Baptist clergyman. He upheld“non-violence” struggle. He set up a boycott of the bus lines. He also led the largest civil rights rally in 1963.So the Civil Rights Act was passed in 1964. He protested against voting-rights restriction. In 1964 the Voting Rights Act was passed. From 1965-1968 his struggle turned to the discrimination and injustice in the North and protested against the Vietnam War. He was assassinated in April 1968.IV. Answer the following questions.1. Because at home, there was wartime scarcity, high wages, accumulated savings and industrial expansion.There was a pent-up demand for consumer goods. The establishment of new factories, the expansion of internal and external markets and the increasing employment all account for the prosperity. At abroad Germany, Japan and Italy lost their capacity for competition with America. They relied greatly upon the aid and products from the. U. S. But this prosperity disappeared so quickly because it was based upon the war time economy.2. (1) It achieved prominent breakthroughs in the three fields of atomic energy, electronic computers and spacenavigation. (2) Organ and Limb transplants were tried such as heart transplants. (3) New drugs and preventatives were discovered such as polio vaccine, vaccinations etc.套五、答案I. Fill in the following blanks in English1. five Great Lakes2. Atlantic coast3. New York Stock Exchange4.the Associated Press (AP)5. space satellite6. Declaration of Independence7. atom bomb8. Desert Storm9. Grand Canyon 10. Death Valley 11. Harriet Beecher Stowe 12. Great Depression 13. Pearl Harbor 14. Second World War 15. Midway Island 16. three 17. 3000 18. Baptist 19. Detroit 20. “do-it-yourself”21. 117 22. privately 23. Labor Day 24. advertising 25. HalloweenII. Decide whether the following statements are true [T] or false [F]1.[F]2.[T]3.[T]4.[T]5.[F]6. [T]7. [F]8.[T]9. [F] 10. [F] )III. Define the following terms1. The first ten amendments put into the Constitution in 1791, which include freedom of speech, the right to assemble and other democratic rights.2. The Second Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia in May 1775. It decided to take charge of thetroops around the Boston and appointed George Washington as commander to fight for their freedom and independence.3. In April 1945 forty-eight countries attended the conference at San Francisco in America to organize apeacetime, permanent organization in the world. Thus the United Nations was founded.4. The Constitution limits the power of each government branch, and prevents any one branch from gainingundue power. This balance is always kept among the three branches.5. is the largest state in the USA. It was purchased by the USA from Russia in 1867. The total area is 1 500 000square kilometers, much of which is mountainous. Its capital is Juneau. Its chief industries are oil, natural gas and fishing, especially salmon fishing.IV. Answer the following questions1. (1) With the war over, the United States again achieved a stable political environment. Both foreign anddomestic capital became available for investment. (2) Black slaves were free, and the waves of European and Asian immigrants poured into the US, so there was enough labor supply for the development of industries. (3) Science and inventions played a very important role. New thing were invented one after another. (4) The federal government put high taxes on foreign imports. This encouraged Americans to buy American-made goods. (5) The United States was rich in natural resources. These advantages together contributed to the development of the US.2. The bond is the borrower’s written promise to repay the loan on a certain date and also to pay a certain rate ofinterest on the borrowed money. The individual who buys bonds does not share in the company’s profits, but neither does he run the risk of losing money if the stock goes down in value. Corporation may issue bonds to obtain money for expansion. State and local governments issue bonds to raise fund for community improvements such as highway, bridges, schools, and hospitals.3. First a bill introduced by member of Congress is sent to an appropriate legislative Congress works. Thecommittee is formed and holds hearing on it. Then the recommendations of the bill are reported to the Houses.The bill is debated on the floor of each house. Then the votes began. After the majority approval by both houses, the proposal law goes to the president. If two-thirds of each house of Congress approves it, the bill becomes law in spite of president's veto.。

[北语]20秋《英语国家概况（II）》作业2试卷总分:100 得分:100一、单选题 (共 10 道试题,共 50 分)1.The Niagara Falls is located on the border of the United States with_______.A.MexicoB.ColumbiaC.PanamaD.Canada【正确参考选项是】：D2.America's foremost jazz musician was ________.A.Louis ArmstrongB.Bruce SpringsteenC.Billy Holiday【正确参考选项是】：A3.Who is the head of Canadian government?ernor generalB.Prime ministerC.Premier【正确参考选项是】：B4."No taxation without representation" was the rallying cry of ___________.A.the settlers of VirginiaB.the people of PennsylvaniaC.the colonists in New EnglandD.the people of the 13 colonies on the eve of the American Revolution【正确参考选项是】：D5.Former President Ronald Reagan used to be a _______________.A.basketball playerB.sports radio announcerC.conservative political columnistD.sports writer【正确参考选项是】：B6.Where do most of the Inuit people live in Canada?A.The arctic areaB.The west coastC.The Atlantic Ocean【正确参考选项是】：A。

东北师范大学22春“英语”《英美概况（二）》作业考核题库高频考点版（参考答案）一.综合考核(共50题)1.Washington is the headquarters of all the branches of the American federal system: ____, the Supreme Court and the Presidency.A.the SenateB.The House of RepresentativesC.CongressD.the highest court参考答案：C2.The largest seaport of the United States is ____.A.San DiegoB.San FranciscoC.ChicagoD.New York参考答案：D3.Franklin Roosevelt was elected President of the US in ____.A.1931B.1932C.1933D.1934参考答案：B4.The US is the worlds leading exporter of agricultural products, in which the second most important export is ____.A.CottonB.vegetable oils参考答案：C5.Niagara Falls is not in New York City.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B6.The Indians were the original inhabitants on the continent. However, ever since the discovery of the land in 1492 they have been cruelly treated. They were driven into barren desert regions, the so-called “Indian Reservations”.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B7.The Midway Island Battle was the turning point of the ____ War.A.PacificB.ColdC.AtlanticD.Civil参考答案：A8.In the 1960s and 1970s, tennis enjoyed a huge growth as some of the new professional stars, especially women, stimulated amateurs.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B____ are the most numerous in the minorities of the United States.A.blacksB.Hispanicsn-AmericansD.Jews参考答案：A10.American industry is developing so rapidly that it has been in the leadin gposition for the past century.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B11.The western part consists of high plateaus and mountains formed by the Appalachian Range.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：A12.American economy is a free enterprise system.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B13.The number of Congressmen from each state varies depending on ____.A.the size of the areaB.the size of populationC.the traditionD.the wealth14.____ has the power to interpret the constitution.A.The PresidentB.The CongressC.The Supreme CourtD.The House of Representatives参考答案：C15.Telephone companies in the United States are not all private businesses.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：A16.The USA includes 50 states and a federal district，the District of Columbia, which is the seat of the Federal Government.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B17.Before the breakout of the Civil War, the Whig Party, which had been formed during Jackson's day, began to break up.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B18.The U.S.A. is known as a “Melting Pot” for it's ____.C.mixture of climatesD.mixture of habits参考答案：B19.The first American President who inaugurated in Washington City was ____.A.George WashingtonB.Thomas JeffersonC.John AdamsD.Andrew Jackson参考答案：B20.The national flag of the United States is known as ____.A.the Star-Spangled BannerB.Uncle SamC.Hot DogD.Union Jack参考答案：A21.The U.S.A. is known as a “Melting Pot” for its ____.A.mixture of religionsB.mixture of nationalitiesC.mixture of climatesD.mixture of habits参考答案：B22.The most important advantage the North had over the South in the Civil War was its ____ superiority.A.industrialB.agricultural参考答案：A23.Between the Sierra Nevada Mountains and the Rocky Mountains there is a large area of desert, of which Death Valley is the lowest and hottest place in America.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B24.The land can be pided into three parts according to its geographical features：the eastern part，the western part，and the central Plains.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B25.The state ____ is rich in fishing and trapping.A.HawaiiB.CaliforniaC.AlaskaD.New York参考答案：C26.The ____ River forms part of the boundary between Canada and the USA, serving as an international river.A.ColoradoB.OhioC.Missouriwrence参考答案：D27.Detroit has been known as the automobile capital of the world.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B28.Detroit is famous for the production of ____.A.bambooB.automobilesC.timberD.airplanes参考答案：B29.Harvard University was founded in ____.A.1366B.1633C.1636D.1363参考答案：C30.The victory at Saratoga was viewed as the turning point of the War of Independence.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B31.The first computer came into being in 1944 and in the same year, the first atom bomb was tested.()A.错误参考答案：A32.The Federal Government is supposed to keep independent from the states governments.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B33.You can get quick and inexpensive meals in ____ .A.magnificent restaurantsB.snack barsC.guest houseD.motels参考答案：B34.The following were some of the characteristics of Protestantism except ____.A.challenging the authority of the PopeB.salvation through faithC.salvation through the churchD.establishing a direct contact with God参考答案：C35.The University of California, with several branch campuses, has more than ____ students.A.128000B.129000C.126000D.127000参考答案：AThe spirit of “do-it-yourself” may be reflected in many aspects of American life.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B37.The leading producing area for chemicals and machinery is ____.A.The East North CentralB.the Middle Atlantic regionC.the Pacific coast regionD.the South Atlantic region参考答案：B38.Which of the following American values did NOT come from Puritanism?____A.Separation of state and churchB.Respect of educationC.Intolerant moralismD.A sense of mission参考答案：A39.In western California lies Death Valley, 280 feet below sea level. It is the lowest point in the whole of North America.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：A40.The first Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia in September 1775 to consider and act on the situation arising from the so-called Intolerable Acts passed by the Bitish Parliament.()A.错误参考答案：A41.The “Senior Citizens” in the senior centers refer to ____.A.high officialsB.professorsC.presidentsD.old people参考答案：D42.The original name of New York is ____.A.New HampshireB.New AmsterdamC.New JerseyD.New England参考答案：B43.The United States is situated in the central part of North America with its two youngest states-Alaska and Hawaii.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B44.The three biggest newspapers are of the following except ____.A.New York TimesB.Readers DigestC.Washington PostD.Los Angeles Times参考答案：B45.The largest public library in the U.S. is ____.A.Library of CongressB.Library of HarvardC.Franklin LibraryD.Roosevelt Library参考答案：A46.The state to which the Mayflower sailed is ____.A.FloridaB.MaineC.MassachusettsD.Virginia参考答案：C47.In the autumn of 1620, the first group of people started for America in a ship named the “Mayflower”. They l anded at a place they named Plymouth.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B48.____ is the largest city in the US.A.Los AngelesB.ChicagoC.DetroitD.the New York City参考答案：D49.The city's name, “Philadelphia” means ____.A.fishing pitB.brotherly loveC.waste landD.wild laral参考答案：B50.The continental USA runs 4505 kilometers from its Atlantic coast to Pacific coast，and 2574 kilometers from Canada to Mexico.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B。

1. What is the full name of the .?----United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2. Why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?----They like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery, to drink Scotch whisky and to see Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.3. How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into and what are they?----The development of the English language can be divided into three periods: Old English, Middle English and Modern English.4. Why did English become more important after Black Death?----The laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social importance after the Black Death, so English also grew in importance compared to French.1. Who are the British People?----The first known inhabitants in Britain were Celts who are the ancestors of the Welsh, Scottish and Irish people. Then came the Anglos, the Saxons and the Jutes who brought with them the English language. Many people from other European countries came later, and in modern times there are a lot of immigrants from many former Commonwealth countries from every part of the world. Britain is a country of mixed cultures, and the Britain people are also composed of people from different ethic and culture backgrounds.2. What is Standard English?----Standard English is based on the speech of the upper class of southeastern England. It is widely used in media and taught at schools. It is preferred by the educated, middle-class people. It has developed and has been promoted as a model for correct Britain English. It is also the norm carried overseas. Today, Standard English is codified to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary are much the same everywhere in the world where English is taught and used.1. What are the two components of the British Parliament?----the House of Commons and the House of Lords.2. What were some of Queen Victoria's major achievement?---- Queen Victoria made tremendous achievements in almost every aspect.She promoted further industrial revolution, the building of railways and the growing of trade and commerce. By the end of her reign, Britain had developed to an empire including a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass.3. What were the two camps in Europe in World War 1?----The Central Powers which included Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria and the Allied Powers which were mainly comprised of France, the Russia Empire, the Britain Empire, Italy and the United States.4. Why did Britain cooperate closely with the United States after World War 2?----Because they were allied during the war and shared the same worries about the former Soviet Union.1. What were the results of the Industrial Revolution in Britain?----The Industrial Revolution changed Britain in many ways. First, industrial country increased dramatically. Britain became the most advanced industrial country and also the financial center in the world. Second, urbanization took place. Many new cities sprang up. Third, it caused great changes in the class structure. The old social classes declined, and new ones emerged and developed.2. The Rise and Fall of the British Empire?----Colonization of Newfoundland, the first British colony overseas, in 1583 marked the beginning of the British Empire. By 1837, British had long been an empire which included the colonies in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India and many small states in the West Indies. By the end of 19th century, the British Empire included a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass. During the mid-19th century, the British government consolidated the existing colonies by bringing them under the direct control of the government. Before World War 1, Britain had the largest colonial empire in the world. However, Britain suffered great loss to its manpower in the two World Wars and exhausted its reserves of gold, dollars and overseas investment. Most of Britain's colonies gained independence since the 1940s, which inevitably led to the fall the Empire.1. What are the three functions of the House of Commons?----to draft laws, to scrutinize, criticize and restrain the activities of the government, and to influence future government policy.2. Why is the Conservative Party sometimes called the "Right"?----Because the Conservative Party is supported by landowners and businessmen, who are often from the middle and upper-middle class.3. What kind of public image does Liberal Democrats have in Britain?----The Liberal Democrats is perceived as "middle" between the Conservative and the Labor Party. It is comparatively flexible and pragmatic in its balance of the individual and the social. It emphasizes the need for a change in Britain's constitutional arrangements to make the government more democratic and accountable.4. Why are independent candidates unlikely to win in the general election? ----Because even if they were elected, they would be powerless in Parliament. Therefore, it is not possible for many people to vote for independent candidates.1. What do British electoral campaigns usually involve during the process of a general election?----The electoral campaigns usually involve advertising in newspapers, door-to-door campaigning and leaflets. The main parties are given short periods of time on national television to present their policies to the public. Apart from the parties' own publicity, newspapers and TV programs spend a lot of time discussing the campaign, interviewing politicians, and predicting the results.2. What is the Commonwealth of Nations?----The Commonwealth of Nations is a voluntary association of independent sovereign states, all of which acknowledge the British monarch as the head. The Commonwealth is not a political union of any sort, and its member states have full autonomy to manage their internal and external affairs. It is primarily an organization in which countries with diverse economic backgrounds have an opportunity for close and equal interaction after gaining independence. The major activities of the Commonwealth are designed to advocate democracy, human rights, and to promote economic cooperation and growth within its members.1. What was the negative aspect of Thatcher's reform in the early 1980s? ----Its negative aspect was a rapid increase in unemployment. In 1982, the unemployment rate reached the level of the Great Depression years, with three million people out of work.2. What are the characteristics of Britain's agriculture?----British's agriculture is characterized by a small portion of the population engaged in agricultural activities with a high degree of mechanization. Although it employs a mere 1% of the country's labor force, it meets around 60% of the national demands.3. What happened to Britain's beef industry in the mid-1990s?----British's beef industry was hit badly by BSE, resulting in a ban on beef exports in 1996.4. What are some of the popular tourist attraction in Britain?----The popular tourist attractions in English include: the Dorset and the East Devon Coast, the Lake District, Stonehenge, Windsor Castle, university towns of Oxford and Cambridge, Tower of London, St. Paul's Cathedral and so on.1. What were the major causes of Britain's relative economic decline in the postwar period?----British's economy experienced a relative decline in the postwar period for several reasons. First, British suffered a great losses in the two World Wars and had gone heavily into debt to finance the war. Second, the era of the British Empire was over. India and other British colonies, which provided raw material and large market for British goods, gained their independence. Third, British was forced to maintain an expensive military presence in many overseas locations until the end of 1960s. Fourth, British had to make substantial financial contributions to NATO and UN Security Council. Finally, British failed to invest in industry after World War 2 whereas its competitors like Germany and Japan caught up with British buy investing in the most modern equipment and means of production.2. Why do developed nations like Britain encourage the development of the service industry?----The service industry has played an increasingly important role in economy in the development countries. On the other hand ,it requires a large group of people working in it so that abundant employmentopportunities are provided. On the other hand, the service industry causes little pollution.1. What used to be the major functions of grammar schools and vocational schools in Britain?----The major functions of grammar schools were to train the most academically capable students and prepare them for university, whereas the major functions of vocational schools were to help less successful students to learn a trade.2. What kind of subjects do Britain comprehensive schools provide?----British comprehensive schools provide a general education, offering both academic subjects like literature and science, and practical subjects like cooking and carpentry.3. In what ways do Britain universities enjoy complete academic freedom? ----British universities enjoy complete academic freedom because they can appoint their own staff, decide which students to admit, provide their own courses and award their own degrees.4. How do students in the Open University receive their education?----The students follow university courses through textbooks, TV and radio broadcasts, correspondence, video, and a network of study centers.5. What role does the media play in Britain leisure culture?----The media plays an essential role in British leisure culture since it helps to shape the public's opinion, determine people's moral and political orientation and consolidate or undermine the rule of a government.1. What are the general feature of Britain's independent schools?----British's independent schools require fees from students. Although the National Curriculum is optional in the independent system, most independent schools teach what the curriculum demands. Independent schools get their funding through tuition fees as well as government assistance. Since they are generally better-funded than most state schools, they can recruit the best teachers and provide superior facilities. However, high tuition fees have become an obstacle for many students to enroll.2. The "quality press" and the "tabloids" in Britain?----Among the 10 daily published national newspapers in British, about half of them are regarded as the "quality press" since they carry in-depth articles of particular political and social importance, and reviews and feature articles about "high culture", and they are generally read by well-educated people. The Times, The Guardian and The Daily Telegraph are good cases in point of the quality press. The "tabloids", with color photos and striking headlines, usually cover scandals and gossip about celebrities in politics, sports and entertainment. A typical example is The News of the World.Chapter 81. How is the American population distributed?The distribution of the American population is rather uneven the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains have a comparatively small population .the south also has a population of almost . the west is not densely populated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los Angeles and san Francisco . it has about 20% of the nation’s population.2. Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were willing to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants would ls and take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.1．Why is the United States regarded as a”melting pot” and a ”salad bowl” ?The United States is not merely a nation, but a nation of nations. The immigrants came in waves, including the Europeans, the Africans and the Asians. Therefore, America is described as a "melting pot" where various racial and ethnic groups are assimilate into American culture. Recently, America has been called a "salad bowl" in that people of difference races and ethnic groups mix harmoniously, but at the same time keep their distinct culture and customs.2．What do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural society?The best possible way to help assimilation in a multicultural society is to be open and tolerant toward different cultures. People from different racial and ethnic backgrounds should respect each other. Society should create opportunities to help immigrants become assimilated. At the same time the immigrants should keep their own language, customs and religion, contributing to the diversity of a multicultural society.Chapter 91. Why did American change its policy and enter world war II?Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countries were wining the war and it might threaten America’s security and interests . it began to provide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Japanese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America’s entrance into the war.2. What were Nixon’s well-known contributions during his presidency?a) brought the Vietnam war to a closeb)reestablishing . relations with chinac) negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .3. What were the contents of Reagan’s economic program?Reagan’s economic program called for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in order to encourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be eliminated so as to reduce the federal government’s role in the day-to-day operation of business.1. What was the cause of the American Civil War?The Southern planters of America needed a large number of black African slaves to manage their plantations and they regarded the slaves as their property. In the North, with the development of industry, there was a growing demand for free labor. What’s more, the Northerners demanded a law to protect tariffs and asked the government to finance the building of railways and roads. But the Southerners were against it and advocatedfree trade so as to purchase cheaper goods from foreign countries. The accumulating conflicts led to the division of the North and the South and finally the American Civil War.2. What made the United States a powerful country by the end of World War II?During the two World Wars, America remained neutral in the early stage. However, Americans continued their profitable trade with the warring countries. Therefore, they not only retained their military forces, but also accumulated great wealth. When America entered the wars, it was almost at the end of the wars. By sharing the fruit of victory with other allies, America greatly strengthened its power and became a powerful country by the end of World War II.Chapter 101. What are the two characteristics of the . constitution?One is “checks and balances”, the other is that the power of the central government and the powers of state governments are specified.2. What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?A senator must be over 30 years old , a . citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state which they represent . a representative should be at least 25 years old and a . citizen for no less than seven years.3. What are the major powers of the supreme court?a) to interpret lawsb) to hear appeals from any federal court cases;c) to hear appeals from state court cases that involve the constitution or national laws d) may declare a law unconstitutionale) may declare a presidential act unconstitutional4. What is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms of political opinions?The democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy and emphasize full employment as a matter of national concern they favor civil rights laws , a strong social security system which gives enterprises a greater freedom and demand that the government control inflation. They stress the need for law and order, and oppose complete government social programs and free choice of abortion they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.1. How is the American President voted into office? What are your ideas about the American election?Each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for presidency. To win a presidential election, a candidate has to spend millions of dollars, travel all over the country to make speeches and debate on television with the rival. The general election is technically divided into two stages. During the first stage, presidential electors for each state will be chosen. In the second stage the electors meet and vote a President. Since the second stage is only a kind of formality, everyone knows who will be the next President an soon as the first stage is over.I think the candidates spend too much money on the electoral campaigns. And, the election cannot solve the social and economic problems of the . as some candidates do not keep their word after they become President.2. What was President Eisenhowers foreign policy and what were the consequences ?President Eisenhower made vigorous efforts to wage the Cold War. He placed new emphasis on developing nuclear strength to prevent the outbreak of war. He also frequently authorized the CIA to undertake secret interventions to overthrow unfriendly governments or protect reliable anti-communist leaders whose power was threatened. The CIA helped topple the governments of Iran and Guatemala, but it suffered an embarrassing failure in Indonesia. In addition, Eisenhower used . power and prestige to help create a non-communist government in South Vietnam, which brought disastrous long-term consequences to the United States.Chapter 111. What industry developments took place during the colonial period of America?During the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew . a variety of specialized sawmills and gristmills appeared. Colonists established shipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they also built small iron forges . by the 18th century , regional patterns of development in America had become clear.2. How did the civil war affect the American economy?After the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable . northern industries , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,surged ahead.3. Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?Because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only advance its own economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relationship with other nations.1. How did the constitution lay the groundwork for American’s economic development ?The . Constitution, as an economic charter, established that the entire nation was a unified or "common" market. There were no tariffs or taxes on interstate commerce. It provided that the federal government could regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states, establish uniform bankruptcy laws, create money and regulate its value, fix standards of weights and measures, establish post office and roads, and fix rules governing patents and copyrights. The last-mentioned clause was an early recognition of the importance of "intellectual property", a matter that began assuming great importance in trade negotiations since the late 20thcentury.2. Cite examples to illustrate the role of government intervention in America's economic development.The government has always played an active and important role in America’s economic development. In the early 1930s,thr United States suffered the worst economic depression in American history. President Roosevelt introduced the New Deal to tackle the financial crisis. Besides, he set up the New York State Emergency Relief Commission to help those in desperate need and tried to relieve the serious problems of the jobless. At the end of 1970s, the American economy again suffered a recession. TheReagan administration combated inflation by controlling government spending deficit, cutting taxes and raising interest rates. Both policies mentioned above helped to set the country’s economic development on its right course, In all, the intervention of the government has ensured that economic opportunities are fair and accessible to the people. It has prevented flagrant abuses of the system, dampened the effects of inflation and stimulated economic growth.Chapter 121. How does an American university choose its applicants?a)their high school records;b) recommendations from their high school teachers;c) the impression they make during interviews at the university;d) their scores on the SAT.2. What functions do American higher education institutions perform?Higher education institutions in the united states have three functions: teaching , research and public service , and each has its own emphasis with regard to its function .3. What similarities do four famous university share?They all have a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and have made extensive academic achievements. Some of their graduates are very successful or influential in some areas such as politics, arts and business.4. What are the origins of thanksgiving day?Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to the new world , in 1620,the mayflower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food , so many of them died. During the following summer the native America helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest. So they held a big celebration to thank god and the native Americans.1. What are the ideals that guide the American educational system?The first ideal is that as many people as possible should receive as much education as possible .The second ideal is that of ptoducing a society that is totally literate and of local control . The third ideal is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conceive new ways to understand what is already known .2. How does America carry out multicultural education?American schools routinely teach the experiences and values of many ethnic cultures. Current textbooks incorporate a variety of ethnic individuals who have achieved success. Struggle for equality are vividly depicted, and past racism is bluntly acknowledged. Cultural pluralism is now generally recognized as the organizing principle of at all levels offer students opportunities to learn about different cultures.。

【奥鹏】-[东北师范大学]英美概况（一）20春在线作业2试卷总分:100 得分:100第1题,More than () million men took part in the World War I.A、55B、65C、60D、67正确答案:B第2题,Large areas of land were often hedged or fenced without any warning to the peasants．This process, which started after the Black Death, was known as the () Movement．A、ClosureB、EnclosureC、CloseD、Closed正确答案:B第3题,Britain's main cereal crop is () .A、riceB、barleyC、wheatD、corn正确答案:B第4题,Britain, under the leadership of (), defeated Germany's attempt to destroy its air force and air defenses in the Battle of Britain and escaped invasion.A、Winston ChurchillB、Queen ElizabethC、the KingD、Wilson Churchill正确答案:A第5题,Hitler and the Nazis broke () Treaty when they began to reorganize the German war industry.A、the VersaillesB、the ParisC、the TokyoD、the London正确答案:A第6题,The head of House of Commons is the () or President of the Chamber.A、LeaderB、HeadC、SpeakerD、Representative正确答案:C第7题,The doctrine of Christianity is the ().A、KoranB、the BibleC、the BookletD、the doctrine正确答案:B第8题,Buddhism is mainly distributed over Southern and Eastern ().A、EuropeB、AfricaC、AmericaD、Asia正确答案:D第9题,() is the center of the British financial system.A、The Bank of IrelandB、The Bank of EnglandC、The Bank of BritainD、The English Bank正确答案:B第10题,After the Pacific War broke out, there were two war arenas in the world. One was () arena; the other was the Pacific arena.A、the AsianB、the AfricanC、the EuropeanD、the Atlantic正确答案:C第11题,During the dark early days of the War, economist William Beveridge put forwardproposals for postwar “()” social security.A、life-longB、cradle-to-graveC、familyD、complete正确答案:B第12题,Following the Wars of the Roses was the rule of the House of the ().A、RosesB、LudorC、JadorD、Tudor正确答案:D第13题,In 1455 the Duke of York tried to displace the Lancaster King, and the wars of the () broke out．A、FlowersB、RosesC、yearD、Duke正确答案:B第14题,The Anglo-French hostility that began in 1337 and ended in 1453 is known as “()War”.A、the Century'sB、the Decades'C、the GreatD、the Hundred Years'正确答案:D第15题,It is one of the member States of ().A、the United StatesB、AseanC、the European UnionD、South America正确答案:C第16题,The Observer, Sunday Express, Sunday Times, Sunday Telegraph, News of the World, Sunday Mirror and the People are all () newspapers.A、WeekdayB、SundayC、FreeD、Financial正确答案:B第17题,After the close of the war, twenty-seven victorious nations (including China) attended () on January 18th, 1919.A、the London ConferenceB、the Tokyo ConferenceC、the Paris ConferenceD、the New York Conference正确答案:C第18题,One of the brave leaders of the Celts who fought against the invasion of the Anglo-Saxons was King ().A、ArthurB、JamesC、JackD、Louise正确答案:A第19题,Adolf Hitler was a fascist dictator. He advocated that the () was superior and the Jews and the Slavic people were inferior.A、Roman raceB、fascis raceC、Saxon raceD、Germanic race正确答案:D第20题,There are several news agencies in the UK. (), the Press Association Ltd., and the Exchange Telegraph Co. Ltd. are the main ones.A、ReutersB、APC、TASSD、XinHua正确答案:A第21题,In England, it is not considered impolite to ask a woman her age.A、错误B、正确正确答案:A第22题,London is made up of two ancient cities that are joined together. They are the City of London and the City of Westminster.A、错误B、正确正确答案:B第23题,The Thames provides water to the city of Manchester and is used to carry commercial freight.A、错误B、正确正确答案:A第24题,The British prime minister is not the head of the cabinet and the government.A、错误B、正确正确答案:A第25题,The Queen rules but she does not reign.A、错误B、正确正确答案:A第26题,The Battle of Hastings paved the way for the conquest of England.A、错误B、正确正确答案:B第27题,John Keynes proposed the prevention of financial crisis and unemployment by adjusting demand through government control of credit and currency.A、错误B、正确正确答案:B第28题,A National School Lunch Act was passed in June 1946.A、错误B、正确正确答案:B第29题,The chartist movement advocated the extension of the vote to all adult males, the redistribution of parliamentary seats on the basis of population, and the use of secret ballot.A、错误B、正确正确答案:B第30题,In the UK the change of a minister means the change of departmental personnel.A、错误B、正确正确答案:A第31题,There are two kinds of lawyers in the United Kingdom, barristers and solicitors.A、错误B、正确正确答案:B第32题,There was no advertising on any BBC program, either sound or television.A、错误B、正确正确答案:B第33题,The first and also fundamental cause of the World War I was not to redivide the world colonies among the European imperialist powers.A、错误B、正确正确答案:A第34题,It is not up to the judges to decide on the “sentence” in the court of UK.A、错误B、正确正确答案:A第35题,Edward Jenner, a German physician, discovered the vaccine for preventing smallpox.A、错误B、正确正确答案:A第36题,The English weather has not helped to make the Englishman adaptable.A、错误B、正确正确答案:A第37题,In Britain, "government" and "cabinet" mean different things.A、错误B、正确正确答案:B第38题,The Second World War was not an anti-fascist war.A、错误B、正确正确答案:A第39题,The European Union (EU) was funded on the basis of the European Economic Community.A、错误B、正确正确答案:B第40题,Christmas Day is on December 25.A、错误B、正确正确答案:B。

东北师范大学在线作业参考答案试读一页教育学20春在线作业2-0002试卷总分:100一、单选题 (共 20 道试题,共 60 分)1.（）说：“大学之教也，时教必有正业，退息必有居学。

”A.《论语》B.《孟子》C.《学记》D.《大学》正确答案:C2.由家长和其他年长者成员配合学校对孩子不同程度地实施有意识有目的的教育影响，称之为（）。

A.校外教育B.配合教育C.家庭教育D.社区教育正确答案:C3.搞好班主任工作的基础是A.了解学生B.掌握班主任工作规律C.提高班主任自身素质D.搞好班级教育工作正确答案:A4.人们不能随心所欲地制定或废止教育制度，必须依循一定的规律，这说明教育制度具有一定的A.客观性B.强制性C.价值性D.教育性正确答案:A5.学校课程改革中主要是改革（）。

A.课程设计B.课程制订C.教材编制D.课程设置正确答案:D6.从构成要素的角度分析，教育过程可以理解为以下两方面的对立统一，即（）。

A.讲解与演示过程B.参观与讨论过程C.提问与对话过程D.教授与学习过程正确答案:D7.在多种的教学组织形式中，（）的形式自夸美纽斯确立后，几个世纪来一直为各国采用。

A.小组教学B.道尔顿制C.个别教学D.课堂教学正确答案:D8.社会主义现代化建设不但需要高级科学技术专家，而且迫切需要大量素质良好的中、初级技术人员、管理人员、技工和其他城乡劳动者，所以必须大力发展A.高等教育B.中等教育C.职业技术教育D.初等教育正确答案:C9.一个国家教育经费投入的多少最终取决于A.文化传统B.受教育者的需求C.生产力水平D.教育的规模正确答案:C10.教育是年轻一代成长和社会延续与发展不可缺少的条件，为一切社会所必需，与人类社会共始终。

从这个意义上说，教育具有A.生物性B.永恒性D.阶级性正确答案:B11.被国内外许多心理学家和教育学家称为“危机期”的是A.幼儿期B.童年期C.少年期D.青年期正确答案:C12.在同一社会文化共同体内将文化从这一代传到另一代，这种功能称之为A.教育传递—保存文化功能B.教育传播—交流文化功能C.教育选择—提升文化功能D.教育创造—更新文化功能正确答案:A13.教学从其本质上讲，是（）。

1. What is the full name of the U.K.?----United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2. Why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?----They like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery, to drink Scotch whisky and to see Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.3.How many periods can the development of the English language be dividedinto and what are they?----The development of the English language can be divided into three periods:Old English, Middle English and Modern English.4.Why did English become more important after Black Death?----The laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social importance after the Black Death, so English also grew in importance compared to French.1. Who are the British People?----The first known inhabitants in Britain were Celts who are the ancestors of the Welsh, Scottish and Irish people. Then came the Anglos, the Saxonsand the Jutes who brought with them the English language. Many people from other European countries came later, and in modern times there are a lot of immigrants from many former Commonwealth countries from every part of the world. Britain is a country of mixed cultures, and the Britain people are also composed of people from different ethic and culture backgrounds.2. What is Standard English?----Standard English is based on the speech of the upper class of southeastern England. It is widely used in media and taught at schools. It is preferred by the educated, middle-class people. It has developed and has been promoted as a model for correct Britain English. It is also the norm carried overseas. Today, Standard English is codified to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary are much the same everywhere in the world where English is taught and used.1.What are the two components of the British Parliament?----the House of Commons and the House of Lords.2.What were some of Queen Victoria's major achievement?----Queen Victoria made tremendous achievements in almost every aspect. She promoted further industrial revolution, the building of railways and the growing of trade and commerce. By the end of her reign, Britain had developed to an empire including a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass.3. What were the two camps in Europe in World War 1?----The Central Powers which included Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria and the Allied Powers which were mainly comprised of France, the Russia Empire, the Britain Empire, Italy and the United States.4. Why did Britain cooperate closely with the United States after World War 2?----Because they were allied during the war and shared the same worries about the former Soviet Union.1. What were the results of the Industrial Revolution in Britain?----The Industrial Revolution changed Britain in many ways. First, industrial country increased dramatically. Britain became the most advanced industrial country and also the financial center in the world. Second, urbanization took place. Many new cities sprang up. Third, it caused great changes in the class structure. The old social classes declined, and new ones emerged and developed.2. The Rise and Fall of the British Empire?----Colonization of Newfoundland, the first British colony overseas, in 1583 markedthe beginning of the British Empire. By 1837, British had long been an empire which included the colonies in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India and many small states in the West Indies. By the end of 19th century, the British Empire included a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass. During the mid-19th century, the British government consolidated the existing colonies by bringing them under the direct control of the government. Before World War 1, Britain had the largest colonial empire in the world. However, Britain suffered great loss to its manpower in the two World Wars and exhausted its reserves of gold, dollars and overseas investment. Most of Britain's colonies gained independence since the 1940s, which inevitably led to the fall the Empire.1. What are the three functions of the House of Commons?----to draft laws, to scrutinize, criticize and restrain the activities of the government,and to influence future government policy.2. Why is the Conservative Party sometimes called the "Right"?----Because the Conservative Party is supported by landowners and businessmen, who are often from the middle and upper-middle class.3. What kind of public image does Liberal Democrats have in Britain?----The Liberal Democrats is perceived as "middle" between the Conservative and the Labor Party. It is comparatively flexible and pragmatic in its balance of the individual and the social. It emphasizes the need for a change in Britain's constitutional arrangements to make the government more democratic and accountable.4. Why are independent candidates unlikely to win in the general election?----Because even if they were elected, they would be powerless in Parliament. Therefore, it is not possible for many people to vote for independent candidates.1.What do British electoral campaigns usually involve during the process of a general election?----The electoral campaigns usually involve advertising in newspapers, door-to-door campaigning and leaflets. The main parties are given short periods of time on national television to present their policies to the public. Apart from the parties' own publicity, newspapers and TV programs spend a lot of time discussing the campaign, interviewing politicians, and predicting the results.2.What is the Commonwealth of Nations?----The Commonwealth of Nations is a voluntary association of independent sovereign states, all of which acknowledge the British monarch as the head. The Commonwealth is not a political union of any sort, and its member states have full autonomy to manage their internal and external affairs. It is primarily an organization in which countries with diverse economic backgrounds have an opportunity for close and equal interaction after gaining independence. The major activities of the Commonwealth are designed to advocate democracy, human rights, and to promote economic cooperation and growth within its members.1. What was the negative aspect of Thatcher's reform in the early 1980s?----Its negative aspect was a rapid increase in unemployment. In 1982, the unemployment rate reached the level of the Great Depression years, with three million people out of work.2. What are the characteristics of Britain's agriculture?----British's agriculture is characterized by a small portion of the population engagedin agricultural activities with a high degree of mechanization. Although it employs a mere 1% of the country's labor force, it meets around 60% of the national demands.3. What happened to Britain's beef industry in the mid-1990s?----British's beef industry was hit badly by BSE, resulting in a ban on beef exports in 1996.4. What are some of the popular tourist attraction in Britain?----The popular tourist attractions in English include: the Dorset and the East Devon Coast, the Lake District, Stonehenge, Windsor Castle, university towns of Oxfordand Cambridge, Tower of London, St. Paul's Cathedral and so on.1.What were the major causes of Britain's relative economic decline in the postwar period?----British's economy experienced a relative decline in the postwar period for severalreasons. First, British suffered a great losses in the two World Wars and had gone heavily into debt to finance the war. Second, the era of the British Empire was over. India and other British colonies, which provided raw material and large market for British goods, gained their independence. Third, British was forced to maintain an expensive military presence in many overseas locations until the end of 1960s. Fourth, British had to make substantial financial contributions to NATO and UN Security Council. Finally, British failed to invest in industry after World War 2 whereas its competitors like Germany and Japan caught up with British buy investing in the most modern equipment and means of production.2.Why do developed nations like Britain encourage the development of theservice industry?----The service industry has played an increasingly important role in economy in the development countries. On the other hand ,it requires a large group of people working in it so that abundant employment opportunities are provided. On the other hand, the service industry causes little pollution.1.What used to be the major functions of grammar schools and vocational schools in Britain?----The major functions of grammar schools were to train the most academically capable students and prepare them for university, whereas the major functions of vocational schools were to help less successful students to learn a trade.2.What kind of subjects do Britain comprehensive schools provide?----British comprehensive schools provide a general education, offering both academic subjects like literature and science, and practical subjects like cooking and carpentry.3. In what ways do Britain universities enjoy complete academic freedom?----British universities enjoy complete academic freedom because they can appoint their own staff, decide which students to admit, provide their own courses and award their own degrees.4. How do students in the Open University receive their education?----The students follow university courses through textbooks, TV and radio broadcasts, correspondence, video, and a network of study centers.5. What role does the media play in Britain leisure culture?----The media plays an essential role in British leisure culture since it helps to shape the public's opinion, determine people's moral and political orientation and consolidate or undermine the rule of a government.1. What are the general feature of Britain's independent schools?----British's independent schools require fees from students. Although the National Curriculum is optional in the independent system, most independent schools teachwhat the curriculum demands. Independent schools get their funding through tuitionfees as well as government assistance. Since they are generally better-funded thanmost state schools, they can recruit the best teachers and provide superior facilities. However, high tuition fees have become an obstacle for many students to enroll.2. The "quality press" and the "tabloids" in Britain?----Among the 10 daily published national newspapers in British, about half of themare regarded as the "quality press" since they carry in-depth articles of particular political and social importance, and reviews and feature articles about "high culture", and they are generally read by well-educated people. The Times, The Guardian and The Daily Telegraph are good cases in point of the quality press. The "tabloids", with color photos and striking headlines, usually cover scandals and gossip about celebrities in politics, sports and entertainment. A typical example is The News ofthe World.Chapter 81. How is the American population distributed?The distribution of the American population is rather uneven the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains have a comparatively small population .the south also has a population of almost 57.5million. the west is not densely populated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los Angeles and san Francisco . it has about 20% of the nation ’ s population.2. Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were willing to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants would ls and take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.1．Why is the United States regarded asa” melting pot” and a” salad bowl” ?The United States is not merely a nation, but a nation of nations. The immigrantscame in waves, including the Europeans, the Africans and the Asians. Therefore, America is described as a "melting pot" where various racial and ethnic groups are assimilate into American culture. Recently, America has been called a "salad bowl"in that people of difference races and ethnic groups mix harmoniously, but at thesame time keep their distinct culture and customs.2． What do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural society?The best possible way to help assimilation in a multicultural society is to be open and tolerant toward different cultures. People from different racial and ethnic backgrounds should respect each other. Society should create opportunities to help immigrants become assimilated. At the same time the immigrants should keep their own language, customs and religion, contributing to the diversity of a multicultural society.Chapter 91. Why did American change its policy and enter world war II?Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countries were wining the war and it might threaten America ’s ecurity and interests . it began to provide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Japanese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America’ s entrance into the war.2.What were Nixon ’ s-knownwell contributions during his presidency?a) brought the Vietnam war to a closeb)reestablishing U.S. relations with chinac) negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .3. What were the contents of Reagan’ s economic program?Reagan’ s economic program ledcal for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in order to encourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be eliminated so as to reduce the federal government ’roles in the day-to-day operation of business.1. What was the cause of the American Civil War?The Southern planters of America needed a large number of black African slaves to manage their plantations and they regarded the slaves as their property. In the North, with the development of industry, there was a growing demand for free labor. What’ smore, the Northerners demanded a law to protect tariffs and asked the government to finance the building of railways and roads. But the Southerners were against it and advocated free trade so as to purchase cheaper goods from foreign countries. The accumulating conflicts led to the division of the North and the South and finally the American Civil War.2. What made the United States a powerful country by the end of World War II?During the two World Wars, America remained neutral in the early stage. However, Americans continued their profitable trade with the warring countries. Therefore,they not only retained their military forces, but also accumulated great wealth. When America entered the wars, it was almost at the end of the wars. By sharing the fruitof victory with other allies, America greatly strengthened its power and became a powerful country by the end of World War II.Chapter 101. What are the two characteristics of the U.S. constitution?One is “ checks and balances ” , the other is that the power of the central government and the powers of state governments are specified.2. What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?A senator must be over 30 years old , a U.S. citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state which they represent . a representative should be at least 25years old and a U.S. citizen for no less than seven years.3.What are the major powers of the supreme court?a) to interpret lawsb) to hear appeals from any federal court cases;c)to hear appeals from state court cases that involve the constitution or nationallaws d) may declare a law unconstitutionale) may declare a presidential act unconstitutional4.What is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms ofpolitical opinions?The democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy and emphasize full employment as a matter of national concern they favor civil rightslaws , a strong social security system which gives enterprises a greater freedomand demand that the government control inflation. They stress the need for law and order, and oppose complete government social programs and free choice ofabortion they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.1.How is the American President voted into office? What are your ideas aboutthe American election?Each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for presidency. To win a presidential election, a candidate has to spend millions of dollars, travel all over the country to make speeches and debate on television with the rival. The general election is technically divided into two stages. During the first stage, presidential electors for each state will be chosen. In the second stage the electors meet and vote a President. Since the second stage is only a kind of formality, everyone knows who will be the next President an soon as the first stage is over.I think the candidates spend too much money on the electoral campaigns. And, the election cannot solve the social and economic problems of the U.S. as some candidates do not keep their word after they become President.2.What was President Eisenhowers foreign policy and what were the consequences ?President Eisenhower made vigorous efforts to wage the Cold War. He placed new emphasis on developing nuclear strength to prevent the outbreak of war. He also frequently authorized the CIA to undertake secret interventions to overthrow unfriendly governments or protect reliable anti-communist leaders whose power was threatened. The CIA helped topple the governments of Iran and Guatemala, but it suffered an embarrassing failure in Indonesia. In addition, Eisenhower used U.S. power and prestige to help create a non-communist government in South Vietnam, which brought disastrous long-term consequences to the United States.Chapter 111. What industry developments took place during the colonial period of America?During the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew .a variety of specialized sawmills and gristmills appeared. Colonists established shipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they also built small iron forges . by the 18th century , regional patterns of development in America had become clear.2. How did the civil war affect the American economy?After the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable . northern industries , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,surged ahead.3. Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?Because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only advance its own economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relationship with other nations.1.How did the U.S constitution lay the groundwork for American ’economics development ?The U.S. Constitution, as an economic charter, established that the entire nation was a unified or "common" market. There were no tariffs or taxes on interstate commerce. It provided that the federal government could regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states, establish uniform bankruptcy laws, create money and regulate its value, fix standards of weights and measures, establish post office and roads, and fix rules governing patents and copyrights. The last-mentioned clause was an early recognition of the importance of "intellectual property", a matter that began assuming great importance in trade negotiations since the late20thcentury.2.Cite examples to illustrate the role of government intervention in America's economic development.The government has always played an active and important role in America ’ s economic development. In the early 1930s,thr United States suffered the worst economic depression in American history. President Roosevelt introduced the New Deal to tackle the financial crisis. Besides, he set up the New York State Emergency Relief Commission to help those in desperate need and tried to relieve the serious problems of the jobless. At the end of 1970s, the American economy again suffered a recession. The Reagan administration combated inflation by controlling government spending deficit, cutting taxes and raising interest rates. Both policies mentioned above helped to set the country ’economics development on its right course, In all, the intervention of the government has ensured that economic opportunities are fair and accessible to the people. It has prevented flagrant abuses of the system, dampened the effects of inflation and stimulated economic growth. Chapter 121.How does an American university choose its applicants?a)their high school records;b) recommendations from their high school teachers;c) the impression they make during interviews at the university;d) their scores on the SAT.2. What functions do American higher education institutions perform?Higher education institutions in the united states have three functions: teaching , research and public service , and each has its own emphasis with regard to its function .3. What similarities do four famous university share?They all have a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and have made extensive academic achievements. Some of their graduates are very successful or influential in some areas such as politics, arts and business.4. What are the origins of thanksgiving day?Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to the newworld , in 1620,the mayflower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food , so many of them died. During the following summer the native America helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest. So they held a big celebration to thank god and the native Americans.1. What are the ideals that guide the American educational system?The first ideal is that as many people as possible should receive as much education as possible .The second ideal is that of ptoducing a society that is totally literate and of local control . The third ideal is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conceive new ways to understand what is already known .2. How does America carry out multicultural education?American schools routinely teach the experiences and values of many ethnic cultures. Current textbooks incorporate a variety of ethnic individuals who have achieved success. Struggle for equality are vividly depicted, and past racism is bluntly acknowledged. Cultural pluralism is now generally recognized as the organizing principle of education.Schools at all levels offer students opportunities to learn about different cultures.。