中 文 摘 要早在三千多年以前，我国就已存在着一些后世所谓的社会保障的思想和实践的萌芽，历朝历代大都设立了救灾备荒、扶贫济困、养老抚幼等救助机构和制度，而且这些机构和措施在一定程度上都已经发挥了今天我们所称作的社会保障的作用。
同时，与西方早期以基督教会为主从事济贫与慈善事业不同，自古以来我国历代王朝均把对社会弱势群体的救助作为是政府施政的一项重要职能。
此后，尽管王朝有更迭，但随着历史的发展和社会的进步，古代以社会救助为主的保障措施也越来越具体，覆盖面也越来越广阔，而且其中也不乏一些先进的思想和具体的做法。
通观中国古代历史，古代的社会保障根植于中国社会深厚的土壤，并因时发展，不断完善，而且在某些方面也不乏创新。
中华文明源远流长，上下五千年的传统历史文化有很多精髓值得我们去挖掘、学习和借鉴，而古代的社会保障的思想、政策及其制度则是这些丰富的历史文化遗产中的重要组成部分。
因此，在当前我国大力建设中国特色社会主义保障事业的背景下，从我国具体国情出发，充分体现中国特色，认真总结历史经验和教训显得很有必要。
本文从纵横两条线展开研究。
一方面通过纵向研究考察古代社会保障的思想源流及制度法令、机构设施等具体行为和措施；另一方面，从横向展开，重点介绍某个朝代，或是某个时段比较有代表性的实践措施，进而做到纵向研究和横向研究的统一，以及普遍性和特殊性的统一。
通过对我国古代社会保障的思想源流和具体实践的追溯，汲取其中有价值、有意义的内容，并认真总结历史经验和教训，进而对我国的中国特色社会主义的社会保障事业的构建和完善提出思考和建议，即第一，在我国社会保障制度建设中要体现中国特色和中国元素；第二，社会保障制度建设中要重视政府的主导地位和责任；第三，社会保障制度建设中要注重法制的建设和完善；第四，社会保障制度建设中要要重视社会力量的参与和建设。
关键词：古代社会；社会救济；启示ABSTRACTIn early China more than 3000 years before, the later is the so-called social security of thought and practice, who lived in the disaster relief, mostly established processing, the author, endowment dirt, etc, these institutions and relief measures in a certain extent have played today the so-called social security role. Moreover, unlike the western early Christian primarily in the implementation of relief and charity, since the ancient times, Chinese dynasties in China were put on social vulnerable groups of relief as the government policy of an important function. Thereafter, although have, but with the dynasty of historical development and the progress of the society, the social assistance as more and more specific safeguard measures, more and more wide coverage, but also some advanced ideas and practices. Chinese ancient histories, the ancient aberrational of social security and the Chinese society, and because of the deep soil improvement, development and even in some aspects are making innovations. Chinese civilization has a long history, and 5000 years of history of traditional culture has many essences worth us to mining, and learns from it, and in these rich in historical and cultural heritage, and some ancient about social security system and its policy of ideology, the paper, for our current social security system construction is a great reference value. Therefore, in the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics of social security in China today, from specific situation, so as to better reflect Chinese characteristic, conscientiously summarize the historical experience and lesson is very necessary.Based on research and two lines. Through study on ancient social security system of the ideological origin laws and institutions and the specific measures and behavior facilities, On the other hand, from the horizontal, introduced a dynasty, a time more representative, then do the practical measures longitudinal study and research, and the unity of transverse unity of universality and particularity. Based on the thought of ancient Chinese originand social security of the concrete practice, absorb them valuable, meaningful, and conscientiously summarize historical experiences and lessons, and then to the socialism with Chinese characteristics in China's social security proposed constructing and perfecting the thoughts and Suggestions in China, namely, the construction of social security system with Chinese characteristics, and to reflect the Chinese elements, Second, the social security system, we should pay attention to the construction of the dominant position and responsibility, Third, the construction of social security system in the construction and improvement of legal, Fourth, the construction of social security system should attach importance to social forces to participate and construction.Keywords: Ancient society; Social aid；Enlightenment引言一、研究背景及意义从1978年到现在，30多年来的改革开放使我国在政治、经济等各方面都取得了举世瞩目的成就。
