麦肯锡case

麦肯锡的七个思维方法麦肯锡（McKinsey & Company）是全球领先的管理咨询公司，以其卓越的解决问题能力和战略思维方法而闻名。

在长期的实践中，麦肯锡总结出了七个有效的思维方法，这些方法不仅适用于商业领域，也可以应用于日常生活中的决策和问题解决过程。

本文将简要介绍麦肯锡的七个思维方法，并说明其实践意义。

1. 框架思维（Framework Thinking）框架思维是麦肯锡最为核心的思维方法之一。

它将复杂的问题分解为可管理的模块，构建逻辑框架，用于分析和解决问题。

通过构建框架，可以更好地理清问题的结构和关系，有助于提供系统性的解决方案。

2. 结果导向（Results-Oriented）麦肯锡强调结果导向的思维方法。

在决策和行动之前，需要明确预期的结果，并能够为实现这些结果制定相应的计划和行动步骤。

结果导向的思维方法能够帮助人们更好地关注目标，提高决策和执行的效率。

3. 分析倒逼（Analytical-Driven）分析倒逼是麦肯锡思维方法的重要组成部分。

通过对大量数据和信息的收集、整理和分析，人们可以深入了解问题的背景和内在规律。

基于这些分析结果，可以更加准确地判断问题的本质和可能的解决方案。

4. 客户导向（Client-Centric）客户导向是麦肯锡思维方法的核心原则之一。

倾听客户需求，为客户提供定制化的解决方案是麦肯锡的核心价值观。

在日常生活中，我们也可以通过倾听他人的需求，并以他人为中心来解决问题，提供更有价值的帮助。

5. 创新思维（Innovative Thinking）麦肯锡鼓励创新思维方法的运用。

在解决问题和制定战略时，要树立创新意识，寻求与众不同的方案和方法。

创新思维方法可以帮助人们开阔视野，发掘新的机会和解决方案。

6. 沟通协作（Communication and Collaboration）麦肯锡非常重视沟通和协作的思维方法。

在团队合作和项目管理中，正确有效的沟通和协作是成功的关键。

麦肯锡相关资料麦肯锡（McKinsey）成立于1926年，总部位于美国纽约。

作为全球最大的管理咨询公司之一，麦肯锡以其专业的团队和卓越的咨询服务闻名于世。

本文将为大家介绍麦肯锡的公司背景、业务领域以及其在全球范围内的影响力。

一、麦肯锡的公司背景麦肯锡是一家跨国咨询公司，旨在为各企业和政府提供最佳的商业解决方案。

公司由詹姆斯·奥斯汀·麦肯锡（James O. McKinsey）于上世纪20年代创建，并逐渐发展成为世界顶级管理咨询公司之一。

麦肯锡注重道德和职业操守，秉承着客户至上的原则，致力于为客户创造价值。

二、麦肯锡的业务领域麦肯锡的业务领域广泛涉及各行业，包括金融、制造、医疗、能源、科技等。

公司以专业的咨询团队为基础，在以下几个核心领域提供服务：1. 战略咨询：麦肯锡致力于帮助企业制定长期战略规划，提供市场分析、竞争战略和业务优化方案，以促进企业的可持续发展。

2. 运营咨询：麦肯锡的专业团队通过提供供应链管理、业务流程优化和成本效益分析等服务，帮助企业提高运营效率和降低成本。

3. 组织咨询：麦肯锡协助企业进行组织结构设计、人力资源管理和领导力培训等工作，以优化组织架构和提高员工绩效。

4. 数字咨询：在数字化时代，麦肯锡专注于为客户提供数字化转型战略，包括数据分析、人工智能、区块链技术等，帮助企业在数字经济中保持竞争优势。

5. 可持续发展咨询：麦肯锡致力于推动可持续发展，在企业社会责任、环境保护和可持续经营等方面为客户提供咨询服务，帮助企业在可持续发展方面取得成功。

三、麦肯锡的全球影响力作为全球最具影响力的管理咨询公司之一，麦肯锡在全球范围内拥有广泛的影响力。

其专业的咨询团队和领导力培训项目被各国政府、企业高层和学术界所认可和借鉴。

麦肯锡与世界各地的企业和机构紧密合作，为各行各业提供战略指导和商业解决方案，推动了全球经济的发展与创新。

总结：通过本文，我们对麦肯锡的公司背景、业务领域以及全球影响力有了更加详细的了解。

麦肯锡战略概述与基本框架1. 引言麦肯锡（McKinsey & Company）是全球领先的战略咨询公司，成立于1926年。

该公司以其专业的管理咨询服务而闻名，为世界各地的公司和组织提供战略规划、运营改进、组织架构优化等综合解决方案。

麦肯锡的成功得益于其独特的战略概述与基本框架，本文将对此进行详细介绍。

2. 战略概述麦肯锡的战略概述是一个系统性的方法，用于帮助企业和组织制定战略决策。

其主要目的是帮助客户在不断变化的市场环境下获取竞争优势，并确保组织的长期发展。

该战略概述可以分为以下几个关键步骤：2.1 客户洞察在开始制定战略之前，麦肯锡首先进行客户洞察，以了解客户的需求和痛点。

这包括分析客户的市场定位、竞争对手、消费者画像等因素，从而为后续的战略制定提供依据。

2.2 目标设定在客户洞察的基础上，麦肯锡帮助客户设定明确的战略目标。

这些目标应当具备可量化性和可实现性，并与组织的愿景和价值观相一致。

目标的设定将为战略制定提供明确的方向。

2.3 环境分析麦肯锡进行全面的环境分析，以了解客户所处的市场环境和各种外部因素对业务的影响。

这包括经济、政治、技术、社会等领域的因素，并通过数据分析和市场调研等手段进行具体分析。

2.4 竞争分析在环境分析的基础上，麦肯锡进行竞争分析，评估客户与竞争对手之间的竞争力。

通过分析竞争对手的战略、资源和能力，麦肯锡可以为客户制定有效的竞争策略，并提出潜在的增长机会。

2.5 战略制定在前面的步骤基础上，麦肯锡与客户共同制定战略。

这包括明确的市场定位、业务模式、组织结构等方面的规划。

战略制定需要考虑各种约束条件和风险，以确保战略的可行性和有效性。

2.6 实施与评估战略制定完成后，麦肯锡与客户一起进行战略的实施和评估。

这包括制定详细的行动计划、监测战略执行情况，并根据实际结果进行持续的优化和调整。

3. 基本框架麦肯锡的基本框架是一套通用的思维工具，旨在解决复杂问题和辅助决策。

麦肯锡模型及其详解麦肯锡模型（McKinsey model）是一种管理工具，用于分析和解决复杂的商业问题。

它由全球领先的管理咨询公司麦肯锡公司（McKinsey & Company）开发并广泛应用。

在本篇文章中，我们将详细解释麦肯锡模型的各个方面，包括其定义、应用场景、步骤和示例。

一、什么是麦肯锡模型麦肯锡模型是一种商业问题解决框架，旨在提供结构化的方法来分析和解决各种商业挑战。

该模型由麦肯锡公司的顾问们根据多年的实践经验开发而成，并在全球范围内得到广泛应用。

其核心思想是将问题分解为不同的要素，并通过相互关联的分析来提供解决方案。

二、麦肯锡模型的应用场景麦肯锡模型适用于各种商业问题解决和战略制定的场景。

无论是市场分析、竞争对手研究、产品定位、供应链优化还是企业规模扩张，麦肯锡模型都可以提供有力的解决方案。

该模型被广泛应用于各行各业，包括制造业、金融业、咨询业等。

三、麦肯锡模型的步骤麦肯锡模型的应用通常包括以下几个步骤：1. 定义问题：明确要解决的具体问题，并确保所有相关方都对问题的定义达成一致。

2. 数据收集：收集必要的数据和信息，包括市场数据、竞争信息等，以支持后续的分析和决策。

3. 分析框架：选择适当的分析框架，将问题分解为不同的要素，并建立它们之间的关联。

4. 数据分析：在分析框架的指导下，对收集到的数据进行分析，识别关键问题和机会。

5. 解决方案：基于数据分析的结果，提出切实可行的解决方案，并进行评估和优化。

6. 实施计划：将解决方案转化为可执行的计划，并明确责任和时间表。

7. 监控和调整：跟踪解决方案的实施情况，定期评估并进行必要的调整。

四、麦肯锡模型的示例为了更好地理解麦肯锡模型的应用，以下是一个实际案例的示例：假设一个新兴的科技公司面临市场份额下降的问题。

他们希望通过使用麦肯锡模型来找到解决方案。

遵循麦肯锡模型的步骤，他们首先明确问题为市场份额下降，并与团队成员一致对问题进行定义。

大数据：创新、竞争和生产力的下一个前沿（原文翻译）麦肯锡在2011年5月发布了一个关于大数据方面的报告：《Big data: The next frontier for innovation, competition, and productivity》，虽然是6年前的报告，但是今天读来，还是非常用指导意义。

报告分为两个版本，一个是概要版20页，一个是完整版156页。

正好最近看了一遍概要版，觉得收益甚大。

所以试着翻译一下，仅供参考。

标题：Big data: The next frontier for innovation, competition, and productivity译文：大数据：创新、竞争和生产力的下一个前沿第二页是关于MGI（麦肯锡全球研究院）的介绍，就不翻译了。

略。

Data have become a torrent flowing into every area of the global economy. 1 Companies churn out a burgeoning volume of transactional data, capturing trillions of bytes of information about their customers, suppliers, and operations. millions of networked sensors are being embedded in the physical world in devices such as mobile phones, smart energy meters, automobiles, and industrial machines that sense, create, and communicate data in the age of the Internet of Things. 2 Indeed, as companies and organizations go about their business and interact with individuals, they are generating a tremendous amount of digital“exhaust data,”i.e., data that are created as a by-product of other activities. Social media sites, smartphones, and other consumer devices including PCs and laptops have allowed billions of individuals around the world to contribute to the amount of big data available. And the growing volume of multimedia content has played a major role in the exponential growth in the amount of big data (see Box 1, “What do we mean by ‘big data’?”). Each second of high-definition video, for example, generates more than 2,000 times as many bytes as required to store a single page of text. In a digitized world, consumers going about their day—communicating, browsing, buying, sharing, searching—create their own enormous trails of data.译文：数据已成为流入全球经济各个领域的激流。

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Should they proceed with extraction of the ore or not? /2) A PC manufacturer wants to add a new line of pocket PCs. Should they do it? What doyou tell the CEO?3) A health and fitness center, a chain of gyms, like Bally's is considering building more tennis courts. The cost of the land development isgh occupancy rates averaged 80 percent. - charts given3) a music company is bringing out a cd for a new artist. how would you market and price, knowing that you''d like to charge a premium for the cd?final round (nov. 2002)1) you are consulting to the manufacturer of airplane engines (2 main engines: for wide body planes and narrow body planes ——> regional and low cost airlines, which are growing, use the narrow body planes). the client is considering entering the airplane leasing market, because one of its competitors (ge) is already there, and the client hypothesizes that ge''s presence in leasing helps its engine sales. what do you tell him?2) last year, lawsuits cost corporations $200 billion compared with $70 billion in 1990. how would you advise a roundtable of ceos to attack tort reform?3) the u.s. post office lost millions last year. how would you advise the new ceo to turn the post office around?4) we have been hired by a mexican company that has a dominant position in all of its markets but one: ketchup. although its ketchup sales have been increasing, its market share is stagnant (10%) and its profit margin remains below that of its competitors. what do you think might be happening? what would you suggest the client do in order to increase market share and profits?a small pharmaceutical research company is about to start clinical trials for a new and promising molecule. the trial process has three phases, with different associated costs and probabilities of success:costs (million) pr. success- phase 1 $10 .40- phase 2 $5 .2- phase 3 $80 .105if the process is successful and the new drug is introduced in the market, it would generate total income flows of $300 million.+ draw a graph showing the income stream for the next ten years (assume that full adoption is reached in year 7)+ the pharmaceutical company is looking for a buyer. how much should it ask for?booz1st round1) our client is a magazine publisher. they are considering a new pricing program where the price for subscriptions would increase every year. evaluate how such a decision would impact their business. would you advise they do it?bain1st round (nov. 2003)1) our client is apple publishing, the largest publisher of children’s fiction in the industry. seven years ago the ceo became concerned that childhood literacy rates were low and decided to make a difference. he entered the telemetry textbook market. he thinks they are the best now, but hasn’t been rewarded. seven years later he has 70 million dollars in sales and 20 million dollars inlosses. they are less than 5% of the market, but the ceo wants to stay in the market, how can he do it?2) our client produces 2-inch wrenches. they sell to home depot and also toauto-mechanics directly. if you were a store manager at home depot, how many varieties of wrenches would you display to sell and at what price points? how are the home depot wrench buyers different from the auto mechanics? if you wanted to provide discounts to the auto mechanics, which of them would you target and why? what information would you want from them first?3) university town has a population of 40,000 students. currently there are nine restaurants. you''re client is thinking about opening up the tenth. is this a good idea and should she open up a fast food or a specialty restaurant?4) a major airline is thinking about going head to head with the discount airlines by offering "cheap" fares. does this make sense? estimate the size of the european "discount" airline market.5) your client sells coffee on the five japanese bullet trains (high speed trains). estimate the size of the market. how would you advise them to increase sales?6) our client, a private equity firm, is considering an investment in a manufacturer of digital inkjet printers (printing large billboards). the manufacturer wants to enter the screen printing market (printing signs and point-of purchase posters, e.g. for supermarket sales). how big is the screen printing market? which particular segment is the most attractive?7) estimate the market size of printers in hong kong. a u.s.-based pc manufacturer now wants to get into the printer market. assess the opportunity.8) we have been hired by a global wealth management company that has 2 divisions: asset management and private banking. our asset management profits have been decreasing, and our private banking profits have been increasing. we need to help our client determine strategy to increase all his profits.9) we have been hired by the board of a company that is loosing money. the board has asked us to determine whether any of this loss can be attributed to the leer jet that the management team uses.10) we have been hired by a company that has just finished making the millennium eye,a large ferris wheel that will be placed in the middle of london. our client wants to know how big the market is and how much we should charge per ticket.a.t. kearney1st round (oct. 2003)1) the cfo of a top 3 retailer wants you to evaluate the viability of developing exclusive contracts with distributors. the three questions you should address are:1. pro''s and con''s of pursuing exclusive contracts2. identify the categories that should be explored for exclusive contracts3. how would you operationalize these contracts?2) case setup (facts offered by interviewer):your client is a u.s. basedq oil refinery. the refinery has a single location and is a small to medium-sized refinery. your client, although profitable, believes it is lagging behind the competition and could improve. you are brought in as part of a joint consultant-client team that will review overall operations and make recommendations on ways to improve the bottom line.you have been assigned to work with the maintenance division. the maintenance depa rtment’s primary objective is to prevent equipment failure and to repair equipment when it does fail. understanding of its organization is important. it consists of three primary areas: nine assets areas, one central maintenance area and one group of contractors. the first two areas are employees of the client, the third an external source of labor. an asset is a physical area of the plant that contains various pieces of equipment (pumps, heat exchangers, etc.). there are nine assets. each asset has a maintenance supervisor who is responsible for all maintenance to be performed in his/her asset. working for the maintenance supervisor in each asset is, on average, eleven “craftsmen”. the craftsmen are the actual workers that perform the maintenance. the craftsmen are unionized and divide into twelve different craft designations (e.g. electricians, pipefitters, welders, etc.). each craft designation has a defined set of skills they are qualified to perform. they are not allowed to perform skills outside of their defined craft, or help in the performance of activities involving skills beyond their craft. collectively the twelve different crafts can perform any maintenance job that might arise at the refinery. the maintenance supervisor and his/her assigned craftsmen are “hardwired” to their asset. that is, they work only on equipment in their given asset.central maintenance is a centralized pool of maintenance supervisors and craftsmen, who are dispatched to support the different assets during times of high workload. they are employees of your client and fit the description contained in the above asset explanation. the only difference is that they may work in any of the different assets as determined by workload. there are a total of 11 maintenance supervisors and 100 craftsmen that comprise central maintenancecontractors are a group of outside supervisors and craftsmen who support your client during times of high workload. they also are capable of performing any maintenance job that may arise, but differ f rom your client’s craftsmen in that they divide the collective skills required into five designations rather than twelve. thus, the craftsmen of the contractor are capable of performing a broader set of skills. they, like your client’s craftsmen, don’t per form skills outside of their defined craft but do allow different craft designations to help each other. there are an average of 7 contractor maintenance supervisors and 140 contractor craftsmen at the refinery on any given day.question:whatq opportunities exist to increase profits?what recommendations can you make to capture savings related to the identified opportunities? what is the cost savings associated with your recommendations?suggested solutions:the first question involves identifying opportunities to improve profits. the candidate must start with either revenues or costs. although one could make the argument that maintenance supports revenue by maximizing the operating time of the refinery equipment, maintenance should be seen to be a support function. thus, it is more appropriate to focus on costs and cost reduction. the following questions will help the candidate gain insight into cost reduction opportunities.how does the maintenance department track its costs?if the candidate phrases the question about material or overhead costs, the interviewer would inform the candidate that detailed reviewed showed no major opportunities. the candidate would be steered toward labor costs and given the following tables regarding maintenance labor costs forthe past year.to support understanding of the following tables, turnaround work is long term preventive maintenance (e.g. complete rebuilding of a boiler) that may be performed once every few years. all other work (short term emergency repairs, small scale preventive maintenance, other routine work, etc.) fits into the category of daily workcraftsmen daily work turnaround totalclient $ 8mm $ 2mm $ 10mmcontractor $ 5mm $ 9mm $ 14mmtotal $ 13mm $ 11mm $ 24mmsupervisor totalclient $ 1mmcontractor $ 0.5mmtotal $ 1.5mmsince the craftsmen table represents a larger dollar amount than the supervisor table, it is logical to pursue cost savings opportunities in this area first.what is the utilization of craftsmen in the assets?in central maintenance?and for contractors?assume each area is utilized 100% of the time, 50 weeks per year, 40 hours per week.how does the labor cost of craftsmen ($24mm) on a refinery-sized basis (i.e., $cost / per barrel of crude oil processed) compare with industry averages?consulting your industry data base shows that costs appear to be about 20% above the average of peer refineries.this is an important question to determine if there is a problem with costs (don’t assume there is, the client may be performing better than industry average!)is there any particular reason why turnaround work is so heavily skewed toward contractors? turnaround work tends to be more cyclical. an external workforce is used to absorb some of this additional work. keep in mind that both client and contractor craftsmen are capable of performing any maintenance job at the plant.after further analysis of the tables the key fact that should become appear odd is the large difference in the cost per unit of labor between your client’s craftsmen and the outside contractor’s craftsmen. often candidates will ask for the hourly wage rates of these two groups. there is sufficient data to calculate these numbers. the calculation is:annual cost of client craftsmen = $10mm/ (11 craftsmen/asset x 9 assets + 100 craftsmen in central maintenance) = $50,000 / yearannual cost of contractor craftsmen = $ 14 mm/ 140 contractor craftsmen = $100,000 / year again, this difference should provoke a series of questions to understand the difference.is there any difference in the work performed by the client and contractor craftsmen?no, other than the different levels of turnaround work vs. daily work performed as noted in the previous table. both groups are capable of doing any job with roughly equal levels of quality.is there any difference in efficiency between the two groups of craftsmen?the candidate would at this point be asked how they would measure this.after reaching an understanding of the difficulty involved in measuring the efficiency of aworkforce (especially a unionized workforce), the candidate would be told that through a series of interviews with maintenance supervisors, there is a consensus that contractor craftsmen are roughly twice as productive as client craftsmen.this is a critical point in the case. the candidate must recognize that in the present environment the client is largely indifferent about units of labor. you can have a client worker who is half as efficient or a contractor worker who is twice as expensive. the key now is to determine if there are ways to create an opportunity where the client would no longer be indifferent.what is cau sing the inefficiencies associated with the client’s labor?again, the candidate would be encouraged to offer their own ideas.after some discussion the candidate would be told that many of the maintenance supervisors complain endlessly about restrictions placed on them by the existing union labor contract and the tightness of craft designations.the interviewer would probe to ensure the candidate understands why the present craft designation creates the inefficiencies. essentially work is too finely divided. it makes planning and supervision extremely cumbersome. as an example, if one of six crafts required to perform a job is absent or late, the entire job must shut down, as craft designations are not allowed to support other craft designations.is it possible to change the existing union contract?the present labor contract is a three year contract that is due to be renegotiated/renewed in six months.will the union resist changes to the existing contract?indeed!!at this point, the candidate should recognize a major (albeit difficult) opportunity to reduce labor costs. the client would essentially like to have its own employees look and function like its contractors, but continue to get paid at present rates. in reality, management will need to make wage concessions in order to change present work practices. however, through planned negotiations a scenario can be created which presents a favorable opportunity for your client to begin to replace outside contractors with its own craftsmen.there are several ways to address the third question of the case, the actual savings that might be achieved. one quick method is to assume that these changes would bring maintenance costs back in line with industry average. utilizing the cost benchmark mentioned earlier, one could assume costs could be reduced to $24mm/1.20 = $20mm, a $4mm savings.a second, and more detailed, method would be to take the extreme scenario where the client’s craftsmen is paid its present rate, but is made as efficient as the contr actor’s craftsmen. in this case, you begin with the present level of 200 client craftsmen who are functioning as 100 equivalent contractor craftsmen (they’re one-half as efficient). by improving their efficiency, you are effectively “creating” 100 equivale nt contractors. thus, you are immediately able to replace 100 contractors and save $10mm. this could be taken one step further by assuming you would want to replace all contractors. this would save an additional $2.5mm ($4mm existing contractor expense - $2mm required to hire additional client craftsmen + $0.5mm in contractor supervisors). as noted earlier, in reality, this approach would require wage concessions to the union, so actual savings may be something significantly less.key takeaways:this case requires the candidate to quickly digest a large amount of organizational issues and then quickly check some ratios to uncover the basic problem (the client workforce is inefficient). creativity must then be used to structure a recommendation that would create a more favorable situation for the client. as in other cases, acceptable solutions need not follow the exact method above nor cover all of the above points.mercer1st round1) a new england telephone company is thinking of entering the home security market. what is the potential market size and what would you recommend they do?2) if i gave you $10 million dollars to invest in any one business, which would it be?3) should kraft foods expand and incorporate ice cream into their product mix? if yes, how should they enter this market?4) you are starting a new business, a gourmet coffee shop. the shop is located next to a train station. you''re building the business with the hope of selling it within two years. what is your strategy?5) how big is the market for window display marketing books?2nd round(nov 2004)：we have been hired by a client to help her evaluate his product mix and determine the best one going forward. refer to graphs.。

【留学生就业】完美通过麦肯锡Case Interview，你需要这份材料清单以及这十个面试Tips为了麦肯锡的校招我准备了大半年，自己也总结出不少准备Case的方法。

下面和大家分享一下我自己的经验，推荐的准备材料以及面试建议。

为什么你需要大量的练习？有同学说30个case等于一个offer，Victor Cheng说一般拿到offer的人有50个case。

但是，我认识的去年的拿到offer的有40个的，有70个的，有上百个的。

大量的练习绝对是必不可少的。

因为练习到后面，解决case找到答案已经不是问题，主要是进一步完善自己对于各类case设计的issue tree和通过做case了解不同行业的信息。

为什么你需要和不同的人Mock？不同的人能从不同的角度给你意见，适应不同的人也能更充分地应对不同风格的面试官。

一个好的case partner是一笔巨大的财富。

我们学校有比较固定的4，5个人的组合，水平都不错，而且彼此信任度很高。

建议一开始不要约定长期合作关系，练一次观察好对方的水平和态度后再决定。

为什么你需要商业知识的累积？在激烈的竞争下，有这方面的积累绝对是脱颖而出的利器。

不然你解决case 的思路就太模板化，太死板。

面试时结合自己对于行业的了解言之有物绝对是个亮点。

牢记你解决的是real life problem，而不仅仅是个case! 我直接订了Wall Street Journal三个月，恶补商业知识。

解决Case只是一部分，另一部分是你如何解决是否用hypothesis-driven, fact-based approach? 是否能在压力下保持冷静和enthusiastic的态度（多微笑，多保持眼神接触）? It is not about what you say, it is about what they hear. 一定要确保你的思路以最清晰的方式传递给了对方。

另外，Victor Cheng说过一句话，我十分赞同：Even if you are uncertain about sth, you must be certain that youare uncertain about sth. 也就是任何时候都得充满自信。