Mechanisms of cellular injury
Types of Cell Death
By morphology
➢ Necrosis ➢ Type I CD: apoptosis, pyroptosis,mitotic catastrophe ➢ Type II CD: autophagy ➢ Type III CD: necroptosis, paraptosis, oncosis
• 131 cells out of 1090 cells undergo PCD: genetic screens of mutants identified Egl-1, CED3, CED4 and CED 9 to be involved. • Egl-1, CED3, CED4 are death promoters since their loss of function results in survival of all 131 doomed cells. • CED 9 is death inhibitor since its loss of function causes embryonic lethality by massive ectopic cell deaths.
Autoreactive T cells with the potential to attack "self" are removed by apoptosis
At the termination of an immune response when they are no longer needed
By mechanism
➢ Caspase-dependent cell death (CDCD): type I CD ➢ Caspase-independent cell death (CICD): necrosis,