谭恩美简介

Amy Tan Two kindsI.Biographic SketchA. Family Background and EducationAmy Tan was born on February 19, 1952, to John and Daisy Tan who immigrated to United States to escape from the Chinese civil war in 1949, when the communist took over the country. Born in Oakland, California, Tan lived and moved several times with her father, who was an electronic engineer and a Baptist minister, and her mother, a vocational nurse. When she was merely fourteen, Tan and her brother Peter moved to Switzerland with Mrs. Tan after John Tan and the eldest son of the family died of brain tumors. There in Switzerland, Tan managed to graduate from high school as a foreigner, striving tolive with her mother through arguments and family turmoil. In 1969, the family moved back to States and settled down in Santa Clara, California. The constant conflict between Tan and her mother lasted for some time so that they did not contact nor communicate with each other for half of a year.Like many Chinese parents' expectation of wanting their offspring to become medical doctors, Tan's mother was no exception. Mrs. Tan has high expectation on Tan and hence she sent her off to Linfield College in McMinnville, Oregon, for her medical education. Despite faithfully committing to her mother's wish, Tan met Lou DeMattei and followed him to San Jose City College to continue her study. She changed her study subject to linguistics and graduated as a double major: BA of linguistics and English. San Jose State University grantedher a master degree in linguistics in 1973, and after that, she was admitted as a doctoral student in linguistics with fellowship in University of California at Berkeley. Yet, she decided to quit the program after one year and began to work as a language development consultant. By then, she has become Mrs. DeMattei, and the family was prosperous with Lou's tax law business and her own career of helping disabled children. The job later got her a position of editing a medical journal. But after 1983, Tan switched to be a business/technical writer.The blooming financial environment, however, did not bring along happiness for Tan. She was mentally troubled and hence began to seek for professional psychological help. After a failure of psychological counseling session, Tan set her heart to writing for curing herself. Shethen started to write to share and to cure.B. Significant influence on Tan and her workIt is the constant conflict with Daisy Tan, her mother, and the emotional turmoil that Daisy has bestowed on her that have made Tan discover the resources of scheming her successful novels. Daisy Tan's early life and biographical stories were legends themselves. Grew up in an old esteemed family in Shanghai, she witnessed her mother's tragic life. After her scholar husband's death, Jingmei, Tan's maternal grandmother, was raped and taken as a low-ranked concubine by a wealthy industrialist. She brought Daisy with her to live in the wealthy family in Shanghai and confided her dilemmatic suffering with her daughter before she committed suicide. Daisy grew up with painful loss of hermother and got married early, but she did not live a happy life afterward; instead, Daisy was maltreated by her violent and abusive chauvinist husband Wang Zo that later took away her right of visiting her three daughters, and further had her persecuted to prison for two years after she escaped and divorced him. During the Sino-Japanese War, she flew with John Tan, a brilliant student who rejected MIT's offer but attended Berkeley Baptist Divinity School, and thereafter, they immigrated to States.Tan's first two and the most well known works put one theme center-staged – the relationship of the traditional immigrant mother and the second generation Chinese-American daughter. In accordance with Daisy's stories and Tan's own childhood hardship, growing up under severe supervision and with high standardsfor everything, she schematically tells the story of her mother, her grandmother and other female related or unrelated acquaintance, along with the aids of the ancient folklores, stories and legends that she learned from her father when she was a child. Through her skillful writing techniques and brilliant story-telling, Tan's first publication of the first novel swept the world and her name has the become a household one.II. Her WorksRaised by a determined mother whose legendary biographical stories are already fascinating, Amy Tan explicitly expressed her love-hate relationship with her strict mother who had one time mentally tormented her with overloaded expectationand emotional dramatic reactions. Fed with ancient Chinese legends, folk stories, traditions and superstitious beliefs, Tan grew up in a bicultural environment, feeling the complexity and difficulty in her life, just like many second-generation Chinese-Americans.A. Joy Luck ClubThis first novel of Tan's was not meant to be a novel, originally; yet after her story appeared in several major magazines, an agent came to her and encouraged her to compile all those interesting short stories into a novel that is addressing to the community. Tan accepted the idea and initiated her writings avidly. Furthermore, there was Daisy's depression and heart attack that almost took away her life; all of the misfortunes brought Tan clear acknowledgement of the fear of losing hermother and the fulfillment of her mother's wishes. The short stories were hence arranged, organized and published as a novel with the plot interwoven with four pairs of mother-daughter relationships.Within each female character in Joy Luck Club, there are shadows of Daisy Tan, Daisy's mother and Tan. Tan depicts the conflicts, love, upheaval, entangled and the dilemmatic situations between the elder generation and the younger one. The conventional Chinese mothers and their Chinese-American daughters learn from each other through the pivotal events and issues such as rivalry, female defiant position against the patriarchy, family secrets, racism, the search of self and identity and the silence which is usually the undertone of suffering, anger, acquiesce or submission.Despite that some critics regard Tan'soverall manipulation in Joy Luck Club, the novel turns Tan's name a worldwidewell-known one. The novel is translated to more than twenty languages and endorsed by major awards. Yet, while most readers and critics received the writer as a powerful and marvelous story teller, Huntley pointed out that "Tan contends that Asian American issues – particulary Chinese American life – are not the primary driving force behind her writng" (38) when she faces the label that categorizes her as an "Asian American writer." Huntley considers her works revealing universal concerns and themes, but regards her voice as one that speaks out for "a distinctive diaspora culture" and for the ethnic minority of her kind.B. The Kitchen God's WifeIn addition to the family history as the main scheme for her second novel, Tancontinues the discussion of themother-daughter dyad between two generations and further weaves in the issues of marriage, gender equality, identity-development, friendship and cultural dislocation. What's worth mentioning is that Tan takes her father as the model for the character of Jimmy Louie, whose stories and history have strong impact on Weili, the protagonist.C. The Hundred Secret SensesTan's third novel further complicates mother-daughter dyad by juxtaposing the binary oppositional experience of the ancient orient and the modern occident. The half sisters of Olivia, the American gal, and Kwan, the Chinese young woman, adding up Simon, Olivia's husband, go on a trip to China. The business trip makes the couple of Olivia and Simon face theproblem of their marriage in the eye, and with Kwan's role of replacing the absent mother, Olivia experiences the myth of reincarnation.In terms of the book reviews, on the one hand, critics like Stephen Souris deems The Joy Luck Club educational and opulent, and Malini Johar Schueller stresses the significance of Tan's dealing with the issue of representation and identities with the language (Xu 370). On the other hand,Pin-chia Feng finds the mysticism in The Hundred Secret Senses unconvincing and the scenarios of reincarnations somewhat overdone. Although there are controversies over Tan's schematic writings that she endeavors to do the suppressed Chinese women justice, and there are doubts on her problematic and melodramatic usage of Chinese myths, legends and superstitions, and on the issue of her representation ofChina, Tan's novels not merely are bestsellers, but inspire her readers and arouse discussion and attention in many ways.ReferenceFeng, Pin-chia. "Amy Tan." Dictionary of Literary Biography.Volume 173. American Novelists Since World War II, Fifth Series. Eds. James R. Giles and Wanda H. Giles. Bruccoli Clar Layman Book. Gale, 1996. 281-289."Amy Tan." Contemporary Literary Criticism. Gale.Snodgrass, Mary Ellen. Amy Tan: A Literary Companion. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company.Huntley, E. D. Amy Tan: A Critical Companion. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1998.Xu, Wenying. "Amy Tan." Asian American novelists: A Bio-Bibliographical Critical Sourcebook. Ed. Emmanuel S. Nelson. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2000. 365-373.譚恩美1952-壹、生平簡介一、家庭暨教育背景譚恩美於一九五二年的二月十九日出生在美國加州奧克蘭市，為譚家華裔美人第一代。

喜福会中他者的文化身份建构作者：马玉贞来源：《青年文学家》2019年第03期摘要：作为华裔文学的代表作家，谭恩美通过16段故事的讲述，向读者展示了母女两代人面对父权制度，种族冲突时产生的身份危机以及文化身份建构，谭恩美的双重身份以及英文书写提供了多视角的研究途径，对于东西文化交流、西方眼中的国人形象，以及波伏娃所提出的“他者”形象的研究具有重要意义；伽德摩尔认为人的本质是语言性的。

因此，语言是进行构建文化身份最根本的要素，基于上述观点，本文将从语言的角度来阐释具有双重文化背景的美籍华裔的文化身份构建。

关键词：喜福会；文化身份；身份建构作者简介：马玉贞（1994.6-），女，青海人，青海师范大学在读硕士，研究方向：跨语言文化研究。

[中图分类号]：I106 [文献标识码]：A[文章编号]：1002-2139（2019）-03--02一、引言1.1作者简介华裔美国作家谭恩美，1952 年出生于美国加州奥克兰。

她将外婆和母亲的经历著成小说《喜福会》。

作者创作的动力都是源于对自身文化身份的困惑，通过借用母亲们在中国的故事，试图在写作的过程中寻找自己的文化处境，表现她们的生存处境和文化心态。

喜福会中的华裔女性不但存在身份认证的困境，追求身份的认同，同时也在不断地打破不平衡，调整身份以达到与现实的和谐，建构华裔美国人自我的国家身份与双重的文化身份。

1989 年该小说一经出版就在美国文坛引起极大的轰动。

1.2喜福会简介《喜福会》用第一人称讲述了1949 年以前移民美国的四位华裔母亲吴素愿、许安梅、江林多、顾莹映，与她们在美国文化环境中成长的四位女儿菁美、罗斯、韦弗利、李娜之间因各方面存在的差异而产生冲突，但最终在了解了各自母亲的过往经历之后，开始了解母亲的夙愿并与其和解的故事，小说由四个部分组成——“千里送鹅毛”、“二十六道凶门”、“美国解读”、“月亮娘娘”。

每个部分又由四个小故事组成，这 16个故事反映出这8位美籍华人女性在种族和性别两方面都作为“他者”而受到不公正待遇甚至歧视，女儿们也在自我认知与身份建构过程中处处碰壁，然而四位母亲通过用特殊的方式讲述自己人生故事，逐渐找回了自己的声音，并帮助女儿们建立起自己的文化身份。

Amy Tan人物简介:谭恩美（Amy Tan），著名美籍华裔女作家，1952年出生于美国加州奥克兰，曾就读医学院，后取得语言学硕士学位。

作品有《喜福会》、《灶神之妻》(又译《灶君娘娘》)、《接骨师之女》、《沉没之鱼》等。

谭恩美三十三岁开始写小说，后出版第一部长篇小说《喜福会》，自此奠定了她在文学界的声誉。

《喜福会》生动地描写了母女之间的微妙的感情，这本小说不仅获得该年度国家书卷奖，还被改编成了电影，创下了极高的票房佳绩。

谭恩美在《喜福会》之后，还出版了《灶神之妻》(The Kitchen God's Wife)及《百种神秘感觉》(The Hundred Secret Senses)，两部都是畅销书。

曾就读医学院，后取得语言学硕士学位。

她因处女作《喜福会》而一举成名，成为当代美国的畅销作家。

著有长篇小说《灶神之妻》、《灵感女孩》和为儿童创作的《月亮夫人》、《中国暹罗猫》等，作品被译成20多种文字在世界上广为流传。

艾米·谭是当代讲故事的高手。

她是一个具有罕见才华的优秀作家，能触及人们的心灵。

异样人生:谭恩美在《命运的反面》里自述曾在十六岁时，为了新交的男友，和母亲发生了激烈争吵。

母亲把她到墙边，举着切肉刀，刀锋压在她喉咙上有20分钟。

最后，她垮了下来，哭泣着求母亲：“我想活下去，我想活下去。

”母亲才把切肉刀从她脖子上拿开。

在叛逆的青春期，她出过两次车祸；被人用枪指着抢劫，几乎被强奸；受到死亡威胁，几乎被泥石流冲走。

20多岁那年，她最好的朋友在生日那天被入室抢劫者捆绑勒死，她被叫去辨认尸体，从此中途辍学，放弃博士学位。

晚年的母亲还告诉她一个秘密：她在中国大陆有3个同母异父的姐姐。

这个秘密深深震撼了谭恩美，成了她创作的主题。

作品描述:1987年，谭恩美根据外婆和母亲的经历，写成了小说《喜福会》，并于1989年出版该书。

该书一出版就大获成功，连续40周登上《纽约时报》畅销书排行榜，销量达到500万册，并获得了“全美图书奖”等一系列文学大奖，还被好莱坞拍成了电影，创下了极高的票房佳绩。

喜福会谭恩美目录：1致谢2喜福会3作者简介4千里而来的羽毛喜福会：吴精美伤疤：许安梅红烛：龚琳达月亮娘娘：映映圣克莱尔5二十六扇凶门游戏的规则：Waverly Jong墙外传来的声音：丽娜圣克莱尔Half and Half: Rose Hsu JordanTwo Kinds: Jing-Mei Woo6美国传统Rice Husband: Lena St. Clair四个方向：Waverly Jong没有情绪：罗丝许Jordan最好的质量：吴精美7西方天空下如女王一般的妈妈Magpies: An-Mei HsuWaiting Between the Trees: Ying-Ying St. ClairDouble face: Lindo JongA Pair of Tickets: Jing-Mei Woo致谢作者在此对在此书创作期间给予帮助和批评的人们表示衷心的感谢，特别是Louis DeMattei, Robert Foothorap, Gretchen Schields, Amy Hempel, Jennifer Barth, 和我在中国、美国的家人。

同时这份情意也要献给另外的三位，是他们让我知道了什么是快乐，什么是福气。

他们分别是我的编辑Faith Sale，因为她对我的书中信念的信任；我的经济人，Sandra Dijkstra，是他救了我们性命；我的老师Molly Giles，是她告诉我要重新开始并一直给予我耐心的指导。

喜福会妈妈和女儿吴素云——吴精美许安梅——许罗丝龚琳达——Waverly Jong映映圣克莱尔——丽娜圣克莱尔作者简介谭恩美于1952年出生在加利福尼亚的奥克兰，她的父母是中国移民，她违背了母亲的意愿，选择了一条自己想走的路，在大学她的专业是写作和语言学并在以后从事商业写作。

谭恩美和母亲的关系很复杂。

一次与母亲重返中国的经历使她有了一种新的认识。

谭恩美的第一部小说是一些短故事集，这引起了一个经济人Sandra Dijkstra的注意，也正是她将喜福会的稿件卖给了Putnam's。

Amy Tan人物简介:谭恩美（Amy Tan），著名美籍华裔女作家，1952年出生于美国加州奥克兰，曾就读医学院，后取得语言学硕士学位。

作品有《喜福会》、《灶神之妻》(又译《灶君娘娘》)、《接骨师之女》、《沉没之鱼》等。

谭恩美三十三岁开始写小说，后出版第一部长篇小说《喜福会》，自此奠定了她在文学界的声誉。

《喜福会》生动地描写了母女之间的微妙的感情，这本小说不仅获得该年度国家书卷奖，还被改编成了电影，创下了极高的票房佳绩。

谭恩美在《喜福会》之后，还出版了《灶神之妻》(The Kitchen God's Wife)及《百种神秘感觉》(The Hundred Secret Senses)，两部都是畅销书。

曾就读医学院，后取得语言学硕士学位。

她因处女作《喜福会》而一举成名，成为当代美国的畅销作家。

著有长篇小说《灶神之妻》、《灵感女孩》和为儿童创作的《月亮夫人》、《中国暹罗猫》等，作品被译成20多种文字在世界上广为流传。

艾米·谭是当代讲故事的高手。

她是一个具有罕见才华的优秀作家，能触及人们的心灵。

异样人生:谭恩美在《命运的反面》里自述曾在十六岁时，为了新交的男友，和母亲发生了激烈争吵。

母亲把她到墙边，举着切肉刀，刀锋压在她喉咙上有20分钟。

最后，她垮了下来，哭泣着求母亲：“我想活下去，我想活下去。

”母亲才把切肉刀从她脖子上拿开。

在叛逆的青春期，她出过两次车祸；被人用枪指着抢劫，几乎被强奸；受到死亡威胁，几乎被泥石流冲走。

20多岁那年，她最好的朋友在生日那天被入室抢劫者捆绑勒死，她被叫去辨认尸体，从此中途辍学，放弃博士学位。

晚年的母亲还告诉她一个秘密：她在中国大陆有3个同母异父的姐姐。

这个秘密深深震撼了谭恩美，成了她创作的主题。

作品描述:1987年，谭恩美根据外婆和母亲的经历，写成了小说《喜福会》，并于1989年出版该书。

该书一出版就大获成功，连续40周登上《纽约时报》畅销书排行榜，销量达到500万册，并获得了“全美图书奖”等一系列文学大奖，还被好莱坞拍成了电影，创下了极高的票房佳绩。

正文：1作者及其作品简介1.1作者简介谭恩美（Amy Tan），著名美籍华裔女作家，1952年出生于美国加州奥克兰，曾就读医学院，后取得语言学硕士学位。

三十三岁开始写小说，此后出版的第一部长篇小说《喜福会》，自此奠定了她在文学界的声誉。

《喜福会》生动地描写了母女之间的微妙的感情，这本小说不仅获得该年度国家书卷奖，还被改编成了电影，创下了极高的票房佳绩。

她的作品被译成20多种文字在世界上广为流传。

谭恩美曾在十六岁时，为了新交的男友，和母亲发生了激烈争吵。

母亲把她到墙边，举着切肉刀，刀锋压在她喉咙上有20分钟。

最后，她垮了下来，哭泣着求母亲：“我想活下去，我想活下去。

”母亲才把切肉刀从她脖子上拿开。

在叛逆的青春期，她出过两次车祸；被人用枪指着抢劫，几乎被强奸；受到死亡威胁，几乎被泥石流冲走。

20多岁那年，她最好的朋友在生日那天被入室抢劫者捆绑勒死，她被叫去辨认尸体，从此中途辍学，放弃博士学位。

晚年的母亲还告诉她一个秘密：她在中国大陆有3个同母异父的姐姐。

这个秘密深深震撼了谭恩美，成了她创作的主题。

1987年，谭恩美根据外婆和母亲的经历，写成了小说《喜福会》，并于1989年出版该书。

该书一出版就大获成功，连续40周登上《纽约时报》畅销书排行榜，销量达到500万册，并获得了“全美图书奖”等一系列文学大奖。

《喜福会》以四对母女的故事为经纬，生动地描写了母女之间的微妙的感情，奠定了她在文学界的声誉。

谭恩美擅长描写母女之间的感情纠葛，不少小说家以此为写作题材，但身为第二代华裔的谭恩美，比起其他作家多了一层文化挣扎。

谭恩美常以在美国出生的华裔女性为主角，这群华裔女性不但面对种族认同的问题，还必须随来自父母的压力。

母亲们来自战乱频繁的中国，通常有段不堪回首的过去，来到新大陆之后，她们把所有的希望寄托在女儿身上，“望女不成凤”的心情却带给女儿极大的压力；母亲们更用传统方式管教女儿，传统的中国父母不习惯赞美小孩，而且要求子女绝对服从，女儿们眼见美国父母“民主式”的教育方式，再看到自己连英文都说不好的母亲，心里更是愤愤不平。