刘润清《新编语言学教程》配套题库-考研真题精选【圣才出品】
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第一部分考研真题精选
一、填空题
1.When air is forced out of the lungs,it causes the__________to vibrate.(中山大学2018研)
【答案】vocal folds
【解析】语音产生是以气流为能量来源的。在大多数情况下,气流源自肺部,气流从肺中压出,引起声带的振动。
2._____is the ability of language to refer to contexts removed from the speaker’s immediate situation.(北二外2016研)
【答案】Displacement
【解析】本题考查语言本质特征的移位性。移位性指的是就内容或者思想的表达来讲,人类语言的使用是不受时空限制的,可以用于涉及真实的或者想象的,过去的、现在的
或将来的事情。这不同于动物“语言”,因为大多数动物的“语言”需要“即时刺
激控制”。
3.One of the important distinctions in linguistics is_______and performance.(人大2006研)
【答案】competence
【解析】语言能力指理想的语言使用者关于语言规则的语言知识,语言应用指语言交际中关于语言规则知识的实际使用。
4.Phonetics is the study of______sounds that the human voice is capable of
creating whereas phonology is the study of a subset of those sounds that constitute language and meaning.(北京邮电大学2015研)
【答案】speech
【解析】本题考查语音学和音系学的含义。语音学研究语音的发生、传递和感知。音系学研究的是语言的语音系统。换句话说,音系学研究的是说话人为表达意义而系统地选
择语音的方法。
5.A principal distinction between morphology and syntax is that the former is concerned with the internal composition of a word,whereas the latter is concerned with_____of words.(中山大学2017研)
【答案】combinations
【解析】Morphology is concerned with the internal organization of words.It studies the minimal units of meaning-morphemes and word-formation processes.
Syntax is the study of the rules governing the ways different constituents
are combined to form sentences in a language,or the study of the
interrelationships between elements in sentence structure.
6.Human language is arbitrary.This refers to the fact that there is no logical or intrinsic connection between a particular sound and the______it is associated with.(人大2007研)
【答案】meaning
【解析】语言具有任意性,其所指与其形式没有逻辑或内在的联系。
7._____is said of the study of development of language and languages over time.(北二外2016研)
【答案】Diachronic
【解析】本题考查历时性的定义。语言的历时性指语言随时间的延续而引发的变化。语言的历时性是相对于语言的共时性而言的,共时性语言学是研究理论上处于一个时点的
语言,描写语言的一个"状态",不管正在发生哪些变化。
8.When a word appears in a variety of forms depending on its grammatical role in
the sentence we say that it undergoes_____.(中山大学2018研)
【答案】inflection
【解析】曲折变化是指通过添加屈折词缀,如数,人称,限定性,体和格等来表示某词语法关系的变化。
9._____is the name for oppositeness relation.(北二外2015研)
【答案】Antonymy
【解析】本题考查反义的语义关系。反义关系就是相反的语义关系。
nguage is a form of human communication by means of a system of_____ principally transmitted by vocal sounds.(中山大学2017研)
【答案】symbols
【解析】Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.
11.When language is used for establishing an atmosphere or maintaining social contact rather than exchanging information or ideas,its function is_____function.(北二外2015研)
【答案】phatic
【解析】本题考查语言的寒暄功能。寒暄功能是语言最基本的一项功能。人们用寒暄语来营造一种气氛或保持社会联系而非交流信息。人们使用寒暄语就是为了缓和谈话双方
的关系,同时使谈话双方从心理上得到满足。
12.In terms of the meaning expressed by words,they can be classified into______ words and______words.(南开大学2007研)
【答案】lexical,grammatical
【解析】从词所表达的意义划分,词可分为词汇词和语法词。
13.A_____refers to each position in a tree diagram in TG where lines meet.In each
of these positions is a symbol for a grammatical category.(中山大学2018研)【答案】constituent
【解析】成分,作为一个术语,指的是用于句子结构分析的一个语言单位,它是一个比其更大的语言单位的一部分。几个成分共同构成一个结构体。