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新编英语教程英语专业课件09Unit 8Students’ book:VocabularyA. Guessing the meanings of words and phrases1. f2. i3. b4. j5. e6. a7. c8. d9. h 10. gB. Looking up words in a dictionary1.move, possibly climb, quickly and often with some difficulty2.move forward suddenly and quickly3.breathing quickly4.forming white mass of small air bubbles (here, like a wave breaking on a beach)5.perform the Christian religious ceremony of baptism, i.e., of acceptance into the ChristianChurch6.with good judgment7.hammock: bed of canvas which is hung from 2 posts of poles. Here, the phrase "fathammocks" describes the doctor's thick eyelids./doc/5a433170.html,ugh or talk loudly and unpleasantly9.appearance, seeming likeness10.look with almost closed eyes11.thoughts of possible profits12.product of distillation (i.e., after heating liquid or steam) . Here, "the black distillate"refers back to "something infinitely black and evil" on line 43.Workbook:TEXT IComprehensionB. Reference version.1.The mothers had already learned the news before their sons could stammer it out.2.The news spread from one brush house to another and continued to travel fast into the town.3.When the doctor realized that Kino was the man who had asked for his help, he became bothserious (about the treatment) and wise/clever (about how he could gain).4.For a moment the doctor's eyes were focused on nothing as his thoughts turned to Paris.5.The news caused a profound "negative force" to be at work in the town. This could becompared to a scorpion, which causes pain, or the hunger created by the smell of food, or feeling of loneliness which comes when love is refused.6.What acted as the "venom-producing bag" of the town, i.e., the increasing self-interest in thetownspeople, began to create poison which afflicted the whole town with a negative force.TEXT IIComprehension1. F (This was not the reason. The reason is that gold had religious significance to them. KingTutankhamen, like other ancient Egyptians, worshipped gold and was buried in a gold coffin. )2. F (Copper and silver, for example, can do the same. )3. F (There must have been fierce competition, since "the only rule [at that time] was exercisedby the mob with a rope". )4. F (Wooden floors in some Italian jewellers' workshops may contain tiny flecks of gold. )5. T6. TTEXT IIIComprehension1. B2. A3. B4. C5. A6. CGUIDED WRITINGSentence CombinationReference version:Pearls are made by certain kinds of oysters, clams, and mussels, all of which are called molluscs. The pearl is actually composed of the material with which a mollusc coats an irritating particle that it cannot get rid of. This irritant may be a piece of broken shell, a parasite that has bored through the shell, or even a tiny grain of sand. The material the mollusc keeps layering ontothe particle to keep it from being an irritation is mother-0f-pearl. As many layers of mother-of-pearl are built up, a pearl is made. Natural pearls are found rarely, and large natural pearls even more rarely.However, people have discovered how to produce cultured pearls. To produce a cultured pearl, a smooth, round piece of mother-of-pearl is skillfully set into the living tissue of a pearl oyster. Then the oyster is returned to the water where it will stay for 3 to 5 years. The cultured pearls are less expensive than natural ones, but only an expert can tell the difference between them.Most of the oysters that are chosen for making cultured pearls are gathered on specially roughened netting lowered from rafts and the young oysters settle onto the netting.IV. Translation1.I really doubt if the treated drinking water will truly provide sufficient minerals that areessential to human health.2.As to how the splendid Maya Culture disappeared all of a sudden from the earth, it remains amystery hard to solve.3.When it was made plain that it was a big rat that had caused the breakdown of thetransmission system, we all felt relieved. Soon the system was brought to its normal operation.4.He was almost driven to despair when he learned that he was considered too old to take part inthe space voyage. He had spent three years preparing for this long-dreamed-of trip.5.The trip turned out to be a disaster, for the only means oftransport available in that area weredonkeys. We spend most of our time joggling on the backs of these animals, almost stifled by the heat and swirling dust.6.He was not a very popular professor among the students because he would invariably wanderoff his topic during the course of his lecture and drag the class into the time for break.7.The prominent collector declared that his collection included some invaluable paintings that11o one could afford to buy.8.To save the life of the little boy stung by a scorpion, the villagers used all the means and waysavailable to reduce the effect of poisoning.9.The annual Ice Sculpture Festival in this town attracted all manner of people from all over thecountry.10.Some countries were reduced to extreme poverty brought forth by war and natural disasters.For that matter, a U. N. official insisted that developed countries should take their responsibility to make new contributions to the economic development of the developing countries.B. Reference version:"Toot, toot, toot ..." The car swept on past the villages, and the inhabitants were puzzled. The mountain villages seldom had visitors. When it ,,as finally made plain who had come, the villagers, old and young, were all excited -- small boys scrambled and darted, shouting; old men followed, panting; young girls ran, giggling, all coming to see the car.Sensing the excitement, old Mack, the driver, now the ownerof a gold mine, felt proud. His eyes rolled up a little at the thought of his success.Twenty years ago he was a poor farmer. As a father of three children, he could hardly make both ends meet. When he heard of the gold in the north, his eyes had brightened and his fingertips burned a little. He decided to go and start a new life. Since he left the village, there had been different stories about him. Some said that he had died in a mine explosion. Now that he had come back as a gold mine owner, the villagers longed to know about his adventures.V. Blank FillingA. 1. on 2. in 3. off 4. out 5. up, up with 6. through 7. down 8. by9. away 10. in 11. on 12. out 13. up with 14. off 15. on16.acrossB. 1. content/satisfied 2. Thus/Therefore 3. subjects 4. preparation 5. be/talk 6. for7. to 8. California 9. migrants 10. search/hunt 11. possible 12. trips 13. conditions 14. which 15. for 16. articles 17. achieved/gained 18. awarded/given 19. highest 20. field/worldC.1. D2. B3. C4. A5. C6. D7. A8. B9. D 10. A 11. B 12. C 13. A 14. D 15. D(1) town of stone and plaster(2) were alike(3) aged(4) gave alms(5) give a semblance of(6) washed(7) foaming waves(8) take his place(9) related to(10) playing with(11) thoughtful look in his eyes(12) evil wish(13) stirred up(14) infinitely wicked(15) nobody ... as(16) stands in the way(17) rolled up(18) squinted(19) it was made plain(20) In despair(21) darted(22) panting(23) strangle out(24) All manner ofVI.1. A2. D3. A4. B6. B7. D8. D9. A 10.B 11. C 12. A 13. C 14. D 15.A 16.B 17. B 18. B 19. C 20. B 21. B 22. C。
1. *Definition: culture; cultural diffusion2. The relationship between language and culture3. # Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis4. *Linguistic evidence of cultural differences5. Cultural overlap and diffusionDefinition: culture; cultural diffusionCultural overlap and diffusion; Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis; Linguisticevidence of cultural differencesThe relationship between language and culture一、定义including the patterns of belief, customs, objects, institutions,techniques, and language that characterizes the life of the human community. 由信仰，风俗，目标，机构，技术和语言构成，具有人类社区生活的特征。
through communication, some elements ofcultureA enter cultureB andbecomepartof cultureB. 通过交际， A 文化中的某些成分进入了 B 文化，并成为了 B 文化的一部分。
二、知识点techniques, and language that characterizes the life of the human community. 由信仰，风俗，目标，机构，技术和语言构成，具有人类社区生活的特征。
Twotypes of culture:1. material culture 物质文化： is concrete, substantial and observable. 具体的，实质的，可观察到的( e.g.意识文化、信念、价值观，时空概念)2. spiritual culture 精神文化： is abstract, implicit, and hidden. 抽象的，多义的，不可见的。
