下载文档原格式
中级口译笔译汉译英关于英译汉的回顾词性是可以换的，词量是可以变的，顺序是可以调的（化有形为无形，易演绎为归纳）性别不是问题，年龄不是距离，先后不是藩篱。
ExampleHis repeated promise that he will return the money he has borrowed from me at once can not settle me down.他一再承诺，他会立即归还欠我的钱，可是我还是不放心。
主语的确定以原句的主语作为译文的主语重新确定主语增补主语以原句的主语作为译文的主语英语句子中的主语只能是名词、主格人称代词或者名词性的词语。
如果汉语原文中有明确的主语，而且该主语是由名词或者主格人称代词充当的，可以以原句的主语作为译文的主语。
我们的房子是一百多年前建造的。
Our house was built over a hundred years ago.我是北京人。
I come from Beijing.如果不适当地处理，锅炉以及机动车排出的废气就会造成城市空气污染。
Exhaust from boilers and vehicles, unless properly treated, causes air pollution in cities.Have a try假日里，青年人双双对对漫步在公园里。
The young people in pairs and couples rambled about the park on holidays.然而悲惨的皱纹，却从他的眉头和嘴角出现了。
Miserable wrinkles began to appear between his eyebrows and round his mouth.如果说，词汇是语言的“建筑材料”，那么，句子便是文章的“基本部件”。
If vocabulary is the “building materials” for language, sentences are the “fundamental parts” of writings.中国有两点是靠得住的，一是讲原则，二是说话算数。
【外语课件】笔译（电子教案）一、课程介绍1. 课程目标：培养学生掌握笔译的基本理论和技巧，提高学生的笔译能力。
2. 课程内容：本章将介绍笔译的基本概念、分类、过程和方法。
3. 教学方法：采用讲授法、案例分析法和小组讨论法。
4. 教学时长：2课时。
二、笔译的基本概念1. 笔译的定义：笔译是指将一种语言的文字材料翻译成另一种语言的文字材料。
2. 笔译的分类：文学翻译、商务翻译、科技翻译等。
3. 笔译的过程：理解、表达、校对应付。
4. 笔译的方法：直译、意译、编译等。
三、笔译的技巧1. 词汇翻译技巧：同义词选择、词性转换、词义引申等。
2. 句子翻译技巧：句子结构调整、长句拆分、短句合并等。
3. 语篇翻译技巧：逻辑关系表达、文化背景适应、语篇连贯性等。
4. 译文评价技巧：准确性、可读性、忠实度等。
四、笔译实践1. 练习材料：选取一段英文文章，要求学生将其翻译成中文。
2. 实践指导：引导学生关注文章的语言特点、文化背景和翻译技巧。
3. 学生互评：分组展示译文，进行互评和讨论。
4. 教师点评：总结学生翻译中的优点和不足，进行针对性的指导。
五、笔译作业布置1. 作业内容：要求学生翻译一篇英文短文。
2. 作业要求：准确表达原文意思，注意语言风格和语篇连贯性。
3. 作业提交：下周课堂提交，并进行课堂讨论。
【外语课件】笔译（电子教案）六、笔译的挑战与策略1. 挑战：笔译过程中可能遇到的困难，如语言差异、文化背景、专业术语等。
2. 策略：如何应对这些挑战，提高翻译质量。
3. 教学方法：讲授法、案例分析法、小组讨论法。
4. 教学时长：2课时。
七、计算机辅助翻译工具1. 介绍常见的计算机辅助翻译工具，如SDL Trados、memoQ等。
2. 演示如何使用这些工具进行笔译。
3. 教学方法：演示法、实践操作法。
4. 教学时长：2课时。
八、笔译案例分析1. 分析具体笔译案例，讨论其中的翻译技巧和策略。
2. 学生分组进行案例分析，汇报分析结果。
一．Process of TranslationProcess: Preparation→Working → Checking Preparation:Read the original text several times →master the general meaning in the original text →pay attention to its detailed description or statement. Working:Including understanding and expression (first understanding →then expression)Checking:Translators should concentrate themselves on the versions including every used words, complement the lost contents and correct the wrong or unproper versions and check whether the version is smooth and correct or not …二．Syntactic handling in Chinese – English translation The dominent content in Chinese sentences is the main idea, not subject, ---- emphasis on “parataxis”.1.Determine the subjectThere are five following principles:1)Necessarily Accord with English Language Usageand Cultural Custom Nations of Using English热烈欢迎世界各地客商来此进一步加强合作，建立发展贸易关系。
一．Process of TranslationProcess: Preparation→Working → CheckingPreparation:Read the original text several times →master the general meaning in the original text →pay attention to its detailed description or statement.Working:Including understanding and expression (first understanding →then expression) Checking:Translators should concentrate themselves on the versions including every used words, complement the lost contents and correct the wrong or unproper versions and check whether the version is smooth and correct or not …二．Syntactic handling in Chinese – English translationThe dominent content in Chinese sentences is the main idea, not subject, ---- emphasis on “parataxis”.1.Determine the subjectThere are five following principles:1)Necessarily Accord with English Language Usage and Cultural Custom Nations of UsingEnglish热烈欢迎世界各地客商来此进一步加强合作，建立发展贸易关系。
---- Customers from various regions are warmly welcome to establish and develop business contacts.2)Necessarily Accord with the Westerners’ Thinking Mode她从来没有想到他是个不诚实的人。
---- It never occurred to her that he was a dishonest man.3)Subject Should Be a Prominent Part in a Sentence到去年年底，我们已同有关国家签订了100多项目建设合同和协议。
---- By the end of last year, contracts and agreements were signed with countries conceming for the construction of more than 100 projects.4)Subject Must Accord with the Logical Retion in a Sentence我们浙江还在吸引外资企业进行老企业改造、房地产开发等方面制定了一系列优惠政策。
---- Our zhejiang Province has also formulated a series of preferential policies to absorb foreign capitals in such fields as technical renovation of old enterprises, and real estate development.我们的事业从胜利走向胜利。
---- We have won one victory after another for our cacuse.5)Subject Must Accord with the Need of the Context中国的妇女今天社会地位和平等权利来之不易。
---- Women did not gain their social status and their rights easily.2．Choice of Predicate1) State of Predicate Doesn’t Change without Person快点过来吧！Come here quickly!安静下来！Quiet down!2) Chinese Predicate V erbs Don’t Show the Time Sequence, They Can Show the TimeSequence Only the Added Words Showing Different Time Conception本公司全体同仁竭诚为世界服务。
---- This corporation will whole-heartedly serve various circles.该机（录放机）是市场紧俏商品，既是音响又是精美的高档家具。
---- This product has sold well since it entered the market, not only as an exquisite sounder, but also as a piece of high-grade furniture.3) In Chinese, Nouns, Adjectives, Numerals and Preposition-phrases May Be Directly Used asPredicates他今年23岁。
---- He is twenty-three this year.鲁迅，浙江绍兴市。
---- Lu Xun was from Shaoxing, Zhejiang.北京的秋天最美。
---- Autumn is the most beautiful season in Beijing.总经理今天不在公司。
---- The chief manager is not in company today.4) In Chinese, an Expression May Be a Predicate他们正在谈论的那位女教师品格正直。
---- The woman teacher they are now talking about is upright.南京这个地方，我认为比西安好。
---- I think Nanjing is better than Xian.5) Chinese and English Have Five Patterns(1) Subject＋Predicate＋Precticative(2) Subject ＋Predicate(3) Subject ＋Predicate ＋Object(4) Subject ＋Predicate＋Object ＋Object Complement(5) Subject ＋Predicate ＋Indirect Object ＋Direct Object6) Chinese Predicate Verbs Are Most Used as Active Way那项工作已经完成了。
---- The task has already been finished.在记者招待会上，人们问了他许多问题。
---- He was asked a lot of questions at the press conference.7) The Chosen Predicate Must Be in Keeping with its Subject in Persons and numerals乡镇企业的繁荣是我国农村改革的必然产物。
---- The prosperity of township enterpribes is the inevitable outcome of the economic reform in the rural areas.当前，我国的职业教育和成人教育正在加快发展。
---- V ocational e ducation and adult education are being pushed on energetically in our country.Chapter 1C-E Lexical Comparison and TranslationTranslation includes “understanding and conveyance”. It is very difficult to well master “the hard nut to crack”---- polysemant, which brings about a certain difficulty to translation and conveyance.Section 1一、Choice of the Meaning of a Word in the Light of the Explanation in the Dictionary. Generally speaking, a dictionary would spread out many explanations of a word. A translator should quickly choose an exaxt, appropriate explanation from all explanations if being able to apply a dictionary flexibly. When looking up a word from a dictionary, a translator should judge by the main idea of a sentence and by narration around a sentence and then determine whether the explanation stand to reason or not.E. G.1. 经济问题在主席讲话中占了很大的部分。
The economy featured very largely in the President speech.2. 海南岛的主要特色就是它的气候和风景。
