翻译硕士英语2012

211华南理工大学2012年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷（请在答题纸上做答，试卷上做答无效，试后本卷必须与答题纸一同交回）科目名称：翻译硕士英语适用专业：英语笔译（专硕）本卷满分：100分共页Part I. Vocabulary and Grammar (30 points, 1 point for each)Directions: After each statement there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Select the only one choice that best completes the statement. Write your answers on your answer sheet.1.Economics applies directly to how we earn our income and ________.A. how to spend our moneyB. how we spend our moneyC. the way we spend our moneyD. the way our money is spent2.The product must be priced ________ it competes effectively with rival products in thesame market.A. as suchB. in such a wayC. so thatD. so3.I ________ be late for that important meeting than leave this injured old woman here.A. had betterB. would ratherC. may as wellD. should just4.________ he ________ that it was to be the president’s last press conference, he wouldhave filmed the occasion.A. Should…knowB. If…knowsC. Had…knownD. Were…known5.It wasn’t until he turned the corner that he realized that he ________ tailed.A. wasB. beingC. would beD. was being6.As a senior professor she should have known better _______ to get involved in such ascandal.A. and notB. but notC. thanD. than not7.The health department inspector recommended that all outdoor food stores at the gateof the school ________.A. closed downB. close downC. be closed downD. would be closed down8.The application was blank except for ________ Michael had filled in his name.A. whereB. whatC. howD. which9.Cultural values may be defined as assumptions shared by the members of a society________ is right or wrong.A. as to whatB. about whateverC. on whatD. concerning things that10.Some scientists think that trial-and-error methods help to show how intelligent________.A. is an animalB. an animal isC. will an animal beD. an animal will be11.We can’t _______ examinations altogether unless we can come up with a better way toevaluate the students.A. do awayB. do away ofC. do away withD. do away from12.The sudden bankruptcy of these financial giants threw the investors ________ andcaused them to ________.A. in a panic, stampedeB. in pain, panicC. in confusion, hold their stocksD. in despair, withdraw gradually13.He did everything possible to whip up some support for his decision to________ moremoney to his favorite project.A. allowB. spendC. divideD. allot14.At that time he kept telling us that final victory was just ________. His optimism savedus from despair.A. at the cornerB. around the cornerC. on the cornerD. in the corner15.If he should fail to ________ the project to a successful close in time, he would beseverely reprimanded.A. bringB. takeC. carryD. put16.After he ________ power, he was no longer satisfied to be a president. He wanted tobe a king.A. grippedB. grabbedC. seizedD. grasped17.His sudden blindness ________ him ________ the joy of seeing the beautiful world.A. robbed; ofB. deprived; withC. robbed; offD. denied; of18.This terrible event ________ of the president, and he ________ all his appointments.A. drew hold of; called offB. occupied all the attention;dismissedC. demanded all the attention; laid asideD. took complete hold; cancelled19.Starting around 7000 B.C., and for the next four thousand years, much of the NorthernHemisphere ____ temperatures warmer than at present.A. with experience ofB. experiencedC. experiencingD. experience20.The meeting took on a different ____after his moving speech.A. presageB. postureC. travestyD. trauma21.After ________ deliberation, the foreman announced that the jury had reached averdict.A. 10-minutes ofB. 10 minutes ofC. 10 minute’sD. 10-minute22.________ is always the case, the darkest hour comes before the dawn.A. ThatB. ItC. AsD. What23.We have a long way to go ________ we can invent truly intelligent machines.A. beforeB. ifC. thatD. when24.Chocolate comes from cocoa beans, ________ the seeds of the cacao tree.A. that isB. that areC. which isD. which are25.I know she didn’t pass the qualifying exam, but really she’s ________ but stupid.A. anyB. nothingC. anythingD. something26.Even though we may not notice them, computers are all around us and affect manyparts of our ________ life.A. every dayB. everydayC. every day’sD. everyday’s27.Because we are by nature social animals, we need other people ________ we needfood, water and shelter.A. such asB. just asC. as suchD. as if28.If inflation continues to rise at the present rate, ten percent of the population ________hard to make ends meet.A. would findB. found itC. findsD. will find it29.She spoke for the ________ that they three had all lost the ________ to work duringthe spring break and they needed a good long rest.A. team; desireB. group; interestC. company; inclinationD. gang; intention30.Only hotel guests have the ________ of using the private beach.A. occasionB. possibilityC. privilegeD. allowancePart II. Reading Comprehension (40 points)Section 1 Multiple choice questions (16points, 2 points for each)Directions: In this section there are 2 reading passages followed by multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then write your answers on your answer sheet. Passage 1“Can we speak of the death of the university?” an English newspaper recently asked. Another offered the diagnosis: “Still breathing”. Not only at this seminar, here and now, but all over the world the future of the universities is now being discussed. This is not only because we are entering a new century. Many people are asking whether the traditional research universities in fact have any future at all. This doubt seems mainly due to the development of the new technology, the massification of the universities, the idea of life-long learning, the growing competition from other learning institutions ⎯ and may also because of the strong specialization that we are now experiencing in most fields of research. Many experts predict the death of universities as we know them today, with a campus.I am an optimist, and I have become even more of an optimist having listened to the speakers today. I believe in the magic of the campus! I believe that the universities will be able to enjoy a very bright future as intellectual power centers in a world in which society is calling out increasingly loudly for more knowledge.But if we are to continue to live as intellectual power centers, the universities cannot sit passively letting development take their course. We must know what sort of university we want in the future. Many battles have been lost because of the lack of any goal. We must also have a strategy and a policy for how we are to achieve our vision. This means that the university must actively relate to the great challenges we are now being faced with, and we must develop our ability and will for renewal. Yet we must do this at the same time as we stand by the fundamental values that make us a university: that is our independence.I see it as one of the most important tasks for a university president to work for the greatest possible spirit of community in the university, and for the university to be an integrated institution and not simply a number of facilities or departments linked together in some kind of formal organization or strategic alliance. Only then can we defend the use of the name “university”.31. According to the first paragraph, the traditional research universities ________.A. have a very bright future before themB. are faced with a very difficult situationC. are becoming a hot topic of all kinds of peopleD. are about to disappear from people’s vision32. In the author’s opinion, people are worried about the future of the universities becauseof the following reasons EXCEPT ________.A. there is strong competition from other educational institutionsB. universities cannot obtain enough financial backupC. a lot of research fields are thought to be too much specializedD. many universities have been established33. The author is optimistic about the future of universities because ________.A. he has listened to many speakersB. he thinks that universities are powerfulC. universities can satisfy the growing need of society for more knowledgeD. he thinks universities can work magic by themselves34. We can infer from the passage that it is a ________.A. report intended for government officialsB. research paper concerning educational policiesC. speech delivered at a meetingD. lecture by a professor to his students35. Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. The faculties and departments in the universities should maintain their ownindependence.B. Universities must take the initiative to develop themselves.C. In order to survive, universities must meet the challenges and solve the difficulties infront of them.D. Lack of proper plans may lead to the failure of many projects.Passage 2Prices determine how resources are to be used. They are also the means by which products and services that are in limited supply are rationed among buyers. The price system of the United States is a very complex network composed of the prices of all the products bought and sold in the economy as well as those of a myriad of services, including labor, professional transportation, and public-utility services. The interrelationships of all these prices make up the "system" of prices. The price of any particular product of service is linked to a broad, complicated system of prices in which everything seems to depend more or less upon everything else. If one were to ask a group of randomly selected individuals to define "price", many would reply that price is an amount of money paid by the buyer to the seller of a product or service or, in other words, that price is the money value of a product or service as agreed upon in a market transaction. This definition is, of course, valid as far as it goes. For a complete understanding of a price in any particulartransaction, much more than the amount of money involved must be known. Both the buyer and the seller should be familiar with not only the money amount, but with the amount and quality of the product or service to be exchanged, the time and place at which the exchange will take place and payment will be made, the form of money to be used, the credit terms and discounts that supply to the transaction, guarantees on the product or service, delivery terms return privileges, and other factors. In other words, both buyer and seller should be fully aware of all the factors that comprise the total "package" being exchanged for the asked—— for amount of money in order that they may evaluate a given price.36. According to the passage, the price system is related primarily to _______.A. labor and educationB. transportation and insuranceC. utilities and repairsD. products and services37. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a factor in completeunderstanding of price?A. Instructions that come with a product.B. The quantity of a product.C. The quality of a product.D. Warranties that cover a product.38. The paragraph following the passage most likely discusses _______.A. unusual ways to advertise productsB. types of payment plans for serviceC. theories about how products affect different levels of societyD. how certain elements of price "package" influence its market valueSection 2 Answering questions (24 points, 2 points for each)Directions: Read the following passage and then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions following it. Use the only information from the passage you have read and write your answers in the corresponding space on your ANSWER SHEET.Passage 3[1]Put a jaguar, a bear, a tiger and a panda together and you might get a good show but you won’t get a quiet life.[2]The Bric grouping---Brazil, Russia, India and China---has become a shorthand for the rise of emerging markets in the global economy. And after a rather stellar decade, the Brics mainly had a good crisis from which they are now rapidly exiting.[3]Goldman Sachs, the financial group that invented the category, reckons that China may well become the world’s largest economy before 2030. Collectively, the Bric economies could well surpass output in the Group of Seven wealthy nations---which have dominated the management of the global economy---by 2032.[4]The brics already have a bigger share of world trade than the US. China, probably the world’s biggest goods exporter last year, has been supplemented by India’s software and back-office exports, Russia’s oil and gas and the domination of a number of agricultural commodity markets by Brazil’s super-competitive farmers.[5]While equities in G7 countries were struggling to stay in positive territory during the past five or so years, the Bric share prices, albeit with a steep drop and rapid recovery during the global financial crisis, finished the decade more than twice as high as in 2005. Bric equity indices have emerged; Bric funds have sprung up for investors to pile into the sector.[6]So as the world emerges from recession, is this a transformational moment when the center of gravity in the global economy and its governance decisively shifts? Is this a pivot point such as the second world war, where the confident, innovative US muscled aside the weakened, debt-laden economies of Europe and remade the global financial architecture? And, most immediately, are Bric consumers up to the task of rebalancing the world economy by supplanting their acquisitive American counterparts?[7]The most likely answer is: not yet. Not only are the Brics such a disparate group that almost any generalization is problematic, but China, the dominant member of the quartet, still seems wedded to an economic model dependent on demand elsewhere.[8] “The so-called emerging economies, even some like Bangladesh, are undoubtedly players on the global stage,” said Jean-Pierre Lehmann, professor of political economy at the IMD management school in Lausanne, Switzerland. “But I don’t see any great cataclysm in the next 10 years, nor the center of finance definitely moving east.”[9]Like a boy band or a street gang, the Brics might almost have been chosen for their disparate abilities rather than their similarities. China’s size and openness to trade give it as much economic clout as the rest put together: Markus Jager, of Deutsche Bank, calls the hypercompetitive manufacturing exporter “the 800lb panda in the room” . India, similar in population but poorer and economically more insular, is chiefly notable to investors and trading patterns for its software and business services. Brazil, despite a sprinkling of manufactures, remains one of the world’s most efficient agro-exporters; Russia, after feebler attempts to diversify, essentially just sells oil and gas.[10]The story of their rapid progress is familiar but still dramatic. A decade ago, only one had an investment-grade credit ratting; now all do. Only 12 years ago, a Russian debt default and Brazilian currency crisis rocked the world economy; today, they have accumulated vast foreign exchange reserves.[11]The Brics contributed about half of global growth between 2000---2008 sharply higher than in the previous decade. Yet along with this growth has come an unbalancing of the global economy.[12]A Chinese growth model based on heavy investment and exports has accompanied vast current-account surplus across east Asia, matched by a current-account deficit in the US. And despite doings its bit to keep economic growth going during the crisis, it is far from clear that the Middle Kingdom has effected a shift towards consumer demand that a true engine of world growth would achieve.[13]With a great flourish, Beijing announced a $585bn stimulus package in November2008 and loosened bank credit. But its ability to create self-sustaining growth was suspect. Rather than handing out cash to consumers to get them spending---a move that might also have encouraged imports---a large chunk of the stimulus went into the old favorite, fixed investment. “If global demand does not recover in time or the stimulus measures fail to stir the animal spirits, China may end up creating overcapacity,” said Jagar.[14]Razeen Sally, a trade expert at the London School of Economics, said: “The Chinese interventions had the effect of reinforcing existing problems and imbalances. We are going to see a lot of excess capacity in export-oriented industries like steel at exactly the wrong time.”[15]The repegging of the renminbi against the dollar in 2008, after three years when it was allowed to crawl higher, has also done nothing to shift the Chinese economy from exports to consumer demand. The effect of that decision is multiplied by the copycat actions of many emerging-market countries holding their own currencies down lest they lose competitiveness to China.[16]Indeed, although the worldwide reduction in consumer demand had cut the absolute level of China’s current-account surplus during the crisis, with fewer ships carrying toys and iPods out of Shenzhen and Shanghai, China continued to gain market share abroad. The International Monetary Fund and others reckon that the apparent rebalancing of the global economy over the past year is temporary. When demand picks up, so will Chinese exports, along with the old surpluses and deficits.[17]Despite pockets of profligacy, if anything, China’s has become less rather than more of a consumer economy in the past decade. Its overall savings rate grew over the decade. Although much of this rise reflected corporate savings, household savings rose, too, and a greater share of national income went to companies rather than consumers in the first place.[18]A survey last year by the McKinsey Global Institute backed up what many economists have long argued: that the lack of a social safety net is one of the main reasons that Chinese households save. The top three reasons given were: educational needs, security in case of illness and caring for parents. Changing deep-seated structural factors such as this will not be quick. Nor will it be achieved simply by letting the renminbi rise.[19]As for the other Brics, whose trend growth rate is slower than China’s, they are unlikely to have a noticeable effect on global demand for some time. Although growth in Brazil and India held up well during the crisis, the former is a relatively mature economy with less scope for rapid growth; the latter an underperformer with a chronic public finance problem and a household savings rate even higher than China’s. Meanwhile, Russia, whose economy contracted sharply during the global recession, still depends on oil prices.[20]A decade of rapid growth is not enough for the Brics to seize the baton of global economic leadership from the US and western Europe. The grouping, or some of them, may have astonished the world with their progress over the past 10 years. But it will require a qualitative improvement as well as more growth to consolidate that shift of power.39. Find in paragraph[7] and any other paragraph two synonyms of “Brazil, Russia, India and China” as a group.40. What are the main reasons to group Brazil, Russia, India and China as a new economic category?41. Find a metonymy in paragraph[15] and a metaphor in paragraph[12].42. What is the particular reason for Chinese households to save money ?43. Why the consumer economy remained weak in China?44. In paragraph[5], what does “equity” mean?45. In paragraph[7], what is the inside meaning of “…that any generalization isproblematic” ?46. Paraphrase “China’s size and openness to trade give it as much economic clout as the rest put together”. (Paragraph [9])47. List two reasons for the statement “A decade of rapid growth is not enough for the Brics to seize the baton of global economic leadership from the US and western Europe”.48. Use one short sentence to summarize paragraph [6].49. What is strong with Brazil as one of the Brics?50. According to the article, do you see any great cataclysm in the next 10 years in terms of the center of finance?Part III. Writing (30 points)51. First read the following Chinese report, and then write an essay of about 400 words in English. You are supposed to have a title for your writing. Write your essay on your ANSWER SHEET.2011年10月13日下午5时30分许，一出惨剧发生在佛山南海黄岐广佛五金城：年仅两岁的女童小悦悦（本名王悦）走在巷子里，被一辆面包车两次碾压，几分钟后又被一小型货柜车碾过。

2012年中山大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(总分：112.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Vocabulary(总题数：30，分数：60.00)1.The old couple moved to the countryside______their health for the doctor said fresh airwould do them good.（分数：2.00）A.for the sake ofB.because ofC.In case ofD.in spite of2.Lover of towns______I am. I realize that I owe a debt to my early country life.（分数：2.00）A.becauseB.whereC.whoD.as3.She was trying______by the teacher in class.（分数：2.00）A.avoiding questioningB.avoiding to questionC.to avoid being questionedD.to avoid questioning4.______, I must do another experiment.（分数：2.00）A.Be it ever so lateB.It is ever so lateC.It be ever so lateD.So late it be ever5.He might have been killed______the arrival of the police.（分数：2.00）A.except forB.but forC.withD.for6.He"s______as a "bellyacher"—he"s always complaining about something.（分数：2.00）A.who is knownB.whom is knownC.what is knownD.which is known7.The law requires that everyone______his car checked at least once a year.（分数：2.00）A.hasB.would haveC.haveD.will have8.Until then, his family______from him for six months.（分数：2.00）A.didn"t hearB.hasn"t been hearingC.hasn"t heardD.hadn"t heard9.Nowhere but in the continuous research work ______find the meaning of his life.（分数：2.00）A.for him toB.he canD.can he10.In order to escape from the boring and heavy study tasks, many students choose to play video games to feel______.（分数：2.00）A.emotionally highB.high emotionalC.high emotionallyD.emotional high11.By the time Bob arrives in Beijing______.（分数：2.00）A.we have been staying here for two daysB.it has been for two days we have stayed hereC.it is already two days before we have arrived hereD.we will have stayed here for two days12.Carmakers challenged the law, in part______C02, was not an air pollutant.（分数：2.00）A.on the groundB.on groundC.on the ground thatD.on ground that13.______in a famed university abroad was what his parents wished for.（分数：2.00）A.The boy to be cultivatedB.The boy cultivatedC.The boy"s being cultivatedD.The boy was cultivated14.We looked for a table to sit down, but they were all______.（分数：2.00）A.reserved forB.engaged fored upD.taken up15.In spite of his______appearance, his movements were as spirited as a young man"s.（分数：2.00）A.agingB.agedC.being agedD.having aged16.Sales usually go up in the stores during December, but______again after Christmas.（分数：2.00）A.drop offB.drop outC.drop byD.drop down17.It was impolite for you to leave without saying goodbye; you really______have done so.（分数：2.00）A.shouldn"tB.wouldn"tC.couldn"tD.mustn"t18.The detective and his assistant have begun to______the mysterious murder.（分数：2.00）A.look intoB.see toe through19.______travels faster than______.（分数：2.00）A.The light, soundB.Light, the soundC.Light, soundD.The light, the sound20.Being wronged, the little girl tried to______her tears at first, but on seeing her mother, she burst out crying.（分数：2.00）A.keep awayB.keep toC.keep upD.keep back21.Their refusal to sign the international treaty was______by many countries in the world.（分数：2.00）A.announcedB.denouncedC.renouncedD.pronounced22.When she saw how frightened he was at his mistake, her anger began to______.（分数：2.00）A.fade awayB.die awayC.fall downD.die down23.Mary is so__________about her weight that she doesn"t eat staple food at all.（分数：2.00）A.sensibleB.sensationalC.senselessD.sensitive24.His dog was______by a truck last night and died immediately.（分数：2.00）A.run intoB.run overC.run outD.run through25.The Christmas presents were all______in shiny paper.（分数：2.00）A.done overB.done withC.done outD.done up26.The diamond is very big. It______any diamond that I"ve ever seen.（分数：2.00）A.dwellsB.dwarfsC.distainsD.dwindles27.Mary became ______ homesick and critical of the United States, so she fled from her home in west Bloomfield to her hometown in Austria.（分数：2.00）pletelyB.sincerelyC.absolutelyD.increasingly28.It is well known that knowledge is the______condition for expansion of mind.（分数：2.00）A.incompatibleB.incredibleC.indefiniteD.indispensable29.The manager gave one of the salesgirls an accusing look for her ______attitude toward customers.（分数：2.00）A.impartialdC.hostileD.opposing30.Since it is too late to change my mind now. I am______to carrying out the plan.（分数：2.00）A.obligedmittedC.engagedD.resolved二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：5，分数：50.00)I live in the land of Disney, Hollywood and year-round sun. You may think people in such a glamorous, fun-filled place are happier than others. If so, you have some mistaken ideas about the nature of happiness. Many intelligent people still equate happiness with fun. The truth is that fun and happiness have little or nothing in common. Fun is what we experience during an act. Happiness is what we experience after an act. It is a deeper more abiding emotion. Going to an amusement park or ball game, watching a movie or television, are fun activities that help us relax, temporarily forget our problems and maybe even laugh. But they do not bring happiness, because their positive effects end when the fun ends. I have often thought that if Hollywood stars have a role to play, it is to teach us that happiness has nothing to do with fan. These rich, beautiful individuals have constant access to glamorous parties , fancy cars, expensive homes, everything that spells " happiness". But in memoir after memoir, celebrities reveal the unhappiness hidden beneath all their fun: depression, alcoholism, drug addiction, broken marriages, troubled children and profound loneliness. Ask a bachelor why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less and less satisfying. If he"s honest, he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment. For commitment is in tact quite painful. The single life is filled with fun, adventure and excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing features. Similarly, couples that choose not to have children are deciding in favor of painless fun over painful happiness. They can dine out ever they want and sleep as late as they want. Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole night"s sleep or a three-day vacation. I don"t know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising children. Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations we can ever come to. It liberates time; now we can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness. It liberates money: buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those rich and glamorous people we were so sure are happy because they are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is true?（分数：2.00）A.Fun creates long-lasting satisfactionB.Fun provides enjoyment while pain leads to happiness.C.Happiness is enduring whereas fun is short-lived.D.Fun that is long-standing may lead to happiness.(2).To the author, Hollywood stars all have an important role to play that is to______.（分数：2.00）A.write memoir after memoir about their happinessB.tell the public that happiness has nothing to do with funC.teach people how to enjoy their livesD.bring happiness to the public instead of going to glamorous parties(3).In the author"s opinion, marriage______.（分数：2.00）A.affords greater funB.leads to raising childrenC.indicates commitmentD.ends in pain(4).Couples having infant children______.（分数：2.00）A.are lucky since they can have a whole night"s sleepB.find fun in tucking them into bed at nightC.find more time to play and joke with themD.derive happiness from their endeavor(5).If one gets the meaning of the true sense of happiness, he will______.（分数：2.00）A.stop playing games and joking with othersB.make the best use of his time increasing happinessC.give a free hand to moneyD.keep himself with his familyFilm has properties that set it apart from painting, sculpture, novels, and plays. It is also, in its most popular and powerful form, a story telling medium that shares many elements with the short story and the novel. And since film presents its stories in dramatic form, it has even more in common with the stage play; Both plays and movies act out or dramatize, show rather than tell, what happens. Unlike the novel, short story, or play, however, film is not handy to study; it cannot be effectively frozen on the printed page. The novel and short story are relatively easy to study because they are written to be read. The stage play is slightly more difficult to study because it is written to be performed. But plays are printed, and because they rely heavily on the spoken word, imaginative readers can conjure up at least a pale imitation of the experience they might have been watching a performance on stage. This cannot be said of the screenplay, for a film depends greatly on visual and other nonvisual elements that are not easily expressed in writing. The screenplay requires so much "filling in" by our imagination that we cannot really approximate the experience of a film by reading a screenplay, and reading a screenplay is worthwhile only if we have already seen the film. Thus, most screenplays are published not to read but rather to be remembered. Still, film should not be ignored because studying it requires extra effort. And the fact that we do not generally "read" films does not mean we should ignore the principles of literary or dramatic analysis when we see a film. Literature and films do share many elements and communicate many things in similar ways. Perceptive film analysis rests on the principles used in literary analysis, and if we apply what we have learned in the study of literature to our analysis of films, we will be far ahead of those who do not. Therefore, before we turn to the unique elements of film, we need to look into the elements that film shares with any good story. Dividing film into its various elements for analysis is a somewhat artificial process, for the elements of any art form never exist in isolation. It is impossible, for example, to isolate plot from character; Events influence people, and people influence events; the two are always closely interwoven in any fictional, dramatic, or cinematic work. Nevertheless, the analytical method uses such a fragmenting technique for ease and convenience. But it does so with the assumption that we can study these elements in isolation without losing sight of their interdependence or their relationship to the whole.（分数：10.00）(1).What is mainly discussed in the text?（分数：2.00）A.The uniqueness of film.B.The importance of film analysis.C.How to identify the techniques a film uses.D.The relationship between film analysis and literary analysis.(2).Why is it not handy to study film?（分数：2.00）A.Because screenplay is not as well written as literary works.B.Because a film cannot be effectively represented by a printed screenplayC.Because a film is too complicated.D.Because publishers prefer to publish literary works.(3).From the third paragraph we learn that______.（分数：2.00）A.the means by which we analyze a literary work cannot be applied to film analysisB.a good film and a good story have many elements in commonC.we should not pay extra effort to study filmsing the principles of literary analysis makes no difference in film analysis(4).Why can"t we divide film into various elements for analysis?（分数：2.00）A.Because these elements are interwoven with each other and cannot be separated without failing to appreciate a film as a whole.B.Because films cannot be written down and it is inconvenient to analyze themC.Because films elements are too complicated.D.Because films need not to be analyzed in detail.(5).What does the word "it" refers to in the last sentence of the passage?（分数：2.00）A.The analytical method.B.The fragmenting technique.C.Ease.D.Convenience.Modern technology and science have produced a wealth of new materials and new ways of using old materials. For the artist this means wider opportunities. There is no doubt that the limitations of materials and nature of tools both restrict and shape a man"s work. Observe how the development of plastics and light metals along with new methods of welding has changed the direction of sculpture. Transparent plastic materials allow one to look through an object, to see its various sides superimposed on each other (as in Cubism or in an X-ray). Today, welding is as prevalent as casting was in the past. This new method encourages open designs, where surrounding and intervening space becomes as important as form itself. More ambiguous than other scientific inventions familiar to modern artists, but no less influential , are the psychoanalytic studies of Freud and his followers, discoveries that have infiltrated recent art, especially Surrealism. The Surrealists, in their struggle to escape the monotony and frustrations of everyday life, claimed that dreams were the only hope. Turning to the irrational world of their unconscious, they banished all time barriers and moral judgements to combine disconnected dream experiences from the past, present and intervening psychological states. The Surrealists were concerned with overlapping emotions more than with overlapping forms. Their paintings often become segmented capsules of associative experiences. For them, obsessive and often unrelated images replaced the direct emotional message of expressionism. They did not need to smash paint and canvas; they went beyond this to smash the whole continuity of logical thought. There is little doubt that contemporary art has taken much from contemporary life. In a period when science has made revolutionary strides, artists in their studios have not been unaware of scientists in their laboratories. But this has rarely been a one-way street. Painters and sculptors, through admittedly influenced by modern science, have also molded and changed our world. If break-up has been a vital part of their expression, it has not always been a symbol of destruction. Quite thecontrary : it has been used to examine more fully, to penetrate more deeply, to analyze more thoroughly , to enlarge, isolate and make more familiar certain aspects of lire that earlier we were apt to neglect. In addition, it sometimes provides rich multiple experiences so organized as not merely to reflect our world, but in fact to interpret it.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, it is true that______.（分数：2.00）A.artistic creations seem to be the reproductions of modern technologyB.artistic creations have made great strides scientificallyC.artistic creations appear to be incapable of ignoring material advancesD.artistic creations are the reflection of the material world(2).The welding techniques______.（分数：2.00）A.can cause a lot of changes in sculpture artsB.permit details of an object to be seen clearlyC.can superimpose multiple sides of sculptor"s designsD.can make artists adaptable to surroundings(3).We can learn from the text mat Freud"s studies______.（分数：2.00）A.are more ambiguous than any other scientific inventionB.have influenced other scientific inventionsC.cause SurrealismD.have infiltrated Surrealism(4).Which of the following is tree about Surrealists?（分数：2.00）A.They diminished all time barriers and moral judgements to combine disconnected dream experiences.B.They tried to express their subconscious world.C.They could transform real existence into incoherent dreams.D.They wanted to substitute direct expressions for fragmented images.(5).The sentence " But this has rarely been a one-way street. " in the last paragraph means that______.（分数：2.00）A.contemporary art has been nourished by modern scienceB.modern science has been nourished by artC.artists can become scientists and scientists can become artistsD.the impacts of modern art and science are actually mutualWhen we eat may be just as important as what we eat. A new study shows that mice that eat when they should be sleeping gain more weight than mice that eat at normal hours. Another study sheds light on why we pack on the pounds in the first place. Whether these studies translate into therapies that help humans beat obesity remains to be seen, but they give scientists clues about the myriad factors that they must take into account. Observations of overnight workers have shown that eating at night disrupts metabolism and the hormones that signal we"re sated. But no one had done controlled studies on this connection until now. Biologist Fred Turek of Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois, and graduate student Deanna Arble examined the link between a high-fat diet and what time of day mice eat. A control group of six nocturnal mice ate their pellets (60% fat by calories, mostly lard) during the night. Another group of six ate the same meal during the day, Turek says, which disrupts their circadian rhythm—the body"s normal 24-hour cycle. After 6 weeks, the off-schedule mice weighed almost 20% more than the controls, Turek and Arble report today in Obesity, supporting the idea that consuming calories when you should be sleeping is harmful. Turek and Arble acknowledge that the disrupted mice ate a tad more and were a tad more sluggish, but the differences could not account for all of the weight gain. In the second study, a different team of researchers investigated the link between weight and the immune system. Hundreds of genes seem to affect the accumulation of fat, but one that helps protect us from infection might help us lose weight with little effort, biochemist Alan Saltiel of theUniversity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, and colleagues suggest today in Cell. The researchers tested me weight-adding abilities of a protein called IKK ∈ , which is linked with obesity, diabetes, and chronic, low-level inflammation. For 3 months, the team fed six mice missing IKK ∈ genes a diet of high-fat chow. Because IKKE"s main job is immune defense, Saltiel"s team didn"t expect to find weight differences between knockout mice and controls. But the knockout mice did gain significantly less. Best of all, the girth the animals did add was less harmful to their overall health. "The knockout mice don"t gain as much weight but also don"t get diabetes, don"t get insulin resistance, and don"t get accumulation of lipids on the liver," Saltiel says, all of which contribute to the suite of health problems associated with being overweight. Saltiel calls IKK e " an especially appealing drug target for the treatment of metabolic disease. " Tom Maniatis, a molecular biologist at Harvard University praises the study but remains skeptical about any drug that would inhibit IKK ∈ . He helped develop the mice used in the experiment and notes that they are vulnerable to the flu. He suspects that suppressing IKK ∈ may help people with diabetes or obesity, "but the first time the swine flu comes along, that"s it. Researchers are also enthusiastic about the circadian rhythm paper Frank Scheet, a neuroscientist at Harvard who studies sleep, was struck that " you could see something happening [ to the disrupted mice] in the first week already. That"s consistent with human studies where we found changes in just 3 days. " Together, the papers suggest that there"s no simple answer to why people gain weight. Says Turek, "It"s clearly not just calories in versus calories out. "（分数：10.00）(1).What does the word "nocturnal" mean in the second paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Hungry.B.NightlyC.HealthyD.Greedy(2).Which of the following statements is CORRECT according to Fred Turek"s research?（分数：2.00）A.The nocturnal mice and the off-schedule mice ate different pellets.B.The off-schedule mice ate significantly more and are more lively.C.If the nocturnal mice consume calories during the day, it should be very harmful.D.After 6 weeks, the group of mice ate at night gained more weight.(3).Which of the following statements about IKK ∈ is INCORRECT?（分数：2.00）A.The basic job of IKK ∈ is to protect the body from diseases.B.IKK ∈ is a kind of protein.C.IKK ∈ is linked with many immune diseases.D.The mice missing IKK ∈ genes gain much more weight.(4).According to the passage, what"s Tom Maniatis"s attitude towards the second study?（分数：2.00）A.Doubting.B.Supportive.C.Negative.D.Neutral.(5).Which of the following is the best title for this passage?（分数：2.00）A.IKK ∈ ; an appealing drug target for losing weight.B.Teach you how to lose weight.C.New researches about losing weight.D.Calories in versus calories out.Few modern travel writers excite more hostility and awe than Sir Wilfred Thesiger, who died in 2003. Despising the " drab uniformity of the modem world" , Sir Wilfred slogged across Africa and Asia, especially Arabia, on animals and on foot, immersing himself in tribal societies. Hedelighted in killing lions in Sudan in the years before the Second World War, Germans and Italians during it. He disliked "soft" living and "intrusive" women and revered murderous say ages, to whom he gave guns. He thought educating the working classes a waste of good servants. He kicked his dog. His journeys were more notable as feats of masochistic endurance than as exploration. Yet his first two books, Arabian Sands, about his crossing of the Empty Quarter, and The Marsh Arabs, about southern Iraq, have a terse brilliance about them. As records of ancient cultures on the point of oblivion, they are unrivalled. Sir Wilfred"s critics invariably sing the same chorus. They accuse him of hypocrisy, noting that his part-time primitive lifestyle required a private income and good connections to obtain travel permits.They argue that he deluded himself about the motives of his adored tribal companions. In Kenya, where he lived for two decades towards the end of his life, his Samburu "sons" are calculated to have fleeced him of at least one million dollars. Homosexuality, latent or otherwise, explains him, they conclude, pointing to the photographs he took of beautiful youths. This may all be true, but it does not diminish his achievements. Moreover he admits as much himself in his autobiography and elsewhere. In 1938, before his main travels, for example, Sir Wilfred wrote of his efforts to adopt foreign ways: "I don"t delude myself that I succeed but I get my interest and pleasure trying. " In this authorized biography, Alexander Maitland adds a little color to the picture, but no important details. He describes the beatings and sexual abuse the explorer suffered at his first boarding school. Quoting from Sir Wilfred"s letters, he traces the craggy traveler"s devotion to his dead father, his mother and three brothers. At times, Sir Wilfred sounds more forgiving, especially of friends, and more playful than his reputation has suggested. As for his sexuality, Mr. Maitland refers coyly to occasional "furtive embraces" , presumably with men. Wearisome as this topic has become, Mr. Maitland achieves nothing by skirting it; and his allusion to Sir Wilfred"s "almost too precious" relationship with his mother is annoyingly vague. There may be a reason why Mr. Maitland struggles for critical distance. He writes that he and Sir Wilfred were long-standing friends, but he fails to mention that he collaborated with the explorer on four of his books and later inherited his London flat. If Mr. Maitland found it so difficult to view his late friend and benefactor objectively, then perhaps he should not have tried. An earlier biography by Miehael Asher, who scoured the deserts to track down Sir Wilfred"s former fellow travelers, was better; Mr. Maitland seems to have interviewed almost nobody black or brown. His book is, however, a useful companion to the explorer"s autobiography, The Life of My Choice. Hopefully, it will also refer readers back to Sir Wilfred"s two great books, and to sentences as lovely as this; " Memories of that first visit to the Marshes have never left me: firelight on a half-turned face, the crying of geese, duck fighting in to feed, a boy"s voice singing somewhere in the dark, canoes moving in procession down a waterway, the setting sun seen crimson through the smoke of burning reed-beds, narrow waterways that wound still deeper into the Marshes. "（分数：10.00）(1).According to the first paragraph, what kind of life did Sir Wilfred Thesiger long for?（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(2).Why did Sir Wilfred Thesiger"s behavior call forth some criticism?（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(3).How does Sir Wilfred Thesiger respond to the critics?（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(4).In Alexander Maitland"s writing, what kind of person was Sir Wilfred Thesiger?（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(5).Was Alexander Maitland one of the opponents against Sir Wilfred Thesiger?（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________三、Writing(总题数：1，分数：2.00)31.Nobody is living alone and people are living in a team or teams, so team spirit is of great importance in the present society. What do you think of team spirit? Write an essay of about 400 words entitled: On Team Spirit In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make summary. Marks will be awarded for content organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Write your essay on the ANSWER SHEET（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________。

2012广东外语外贸大学全国硕士研究生入学考试专业课试题册专业：翻译硕士考试科目：英语翻译基础考生须知1、本试卷共 4 页。

2、答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题册上无效。

3、答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔，用其它笔作答不给分。

4、考试时间为 3 小时，成绩满分150 分。

Part I. Phrase Translation (30 points, 1 point for each) Section 1Directions: Translate the following phrases into Chinese:1.CPPCC2.UNESCO3.ASEM4.China-ASEAN Expo5.SWOT analysis6.Global Sourcingrmation Asymmetry8.Shanghai World Expo9.Innocent Presumption10.The Civil Law System11.The Book of Rites12.Mencius13.Consecutive Interpreting14.The House of Commons15.A Farewell To ArmsSection 2Directions: Translate the following phrases into English:16.全国人民代表大会17.外交部18.会展经济19.注册会计师20.次贷危机21.董事会22.中国证监会23.廉政公署24.暂行规定25.有罪推定26.佛经翻译27.百年老店28.论语29.三国演义30.南方都市报Part II. Passage Translation (120 points)31. Translate the following passage into Chinese: (60 points)Population ageing has become a world-wide phenomenon. Moreover, it has not only come to stay but, especially in the developing countries, it will become more felt and acute with the passage of time. Its repercussions are so wide-ranging and manifold that they can only be ignored at a tremendous cost to society.The growing rate of population ageing poses many challenges which have to be faced realistically. A number of decisions have to be taken with the cooperation of every social institution, be it the State, Non-Governmental Organizations, the community, the family members and last but not least, the older persons themselves. Each has a very important role to play in ensuring a sustainable development for the elderly population.Governments and civil society including organisations of older persons, academia, community-based organisations and the private sector need to help in capacity building on ageing issues. As the Shanghai Implementation Strategy points out, “A life-course and inter-sectoral approach to health and well-being is the best approach to ensure that both current and future generations of older persons remain healthy and active”.The gap between the projected increases of the older population and the consequently required services, combined with the parallel development of the personnel needed to carry out these services, creates a pressing and urgent need to train appropriate staff. Training programmes have to be tailored to the nature of the participants, the work they are doing and the needs entailed. Though the basic issues dealt with might often be the same, the approach differs. It will be important in the not too distant future to explore innovative ways of providing education and training in rural and remote areas and to apply, as much as possible, the new and emerging communicationtechnologies to facilitate and enhance these programmes.Every member of society should realize that aging is a process. Consequently, older persons are to be seen as equal citizens of any society, sharing the same rights like other citizens. Any form of discrimination is to be eradicated.32. Translate the following passage into English: (60 points)韶关市地处粤北山区，与湖南、江西交界，素有“三省通衢”之誉，是古代岭南通往中原的最重要关口，今天更是广东通往内地的交通枢纽——京广铁路、京珠高速公路、国道105线、106线、107线、323线、在建的武广铁路、规划中的韶赣铁路、广乐高速公路和韶赣高速公路均经过韶关。

题号项目分值I Vocabularyand Structure 30分II Reading Comprehension 40分III Writing 30分浙江工商大学2012年翻译硕士专业学位研究生入学考试试卷（A ）卷招生专业：英语笔译、英语口译考试科目：211翻译硕士英语 总分：100分 考试时间：180分钟（请在答题纸上答题，写在本试卷上无效！）I. Vocabulary and Structure (每小题0.5分，共30分) (60minutes)Directions: There are 60 sentences in this part. Complete them by choosing the best from the four alternatives. Write the answer on the Answer Sheet.1.No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give way to ____.A. the otherB. any otherC. anotherD. other 2.Do you know ____? He seems to know you well.A. the name of the manB. the name of the man'sC. the man's the nameD. name of the man's 3.It is reported that ____ adopted children want to know who their natural parents are.A. the mostB. most ofC. mostD. the most of 4.These surveys indicate that many crimes go ____ by the police,mainly because not all victims report them. A. unrecorded B. to be C. D. to have beenunrecorded unrecording unrecorded 5.I'd rather read than watch television; the programs seem ____ allthe time.A. to get worseB. gettingworse C. to have gotworseD. to be gettingworse6.You ____ her in her office last Friday; she's been out of town fortwo weeks.A. needn't have seenB. must haveseenC. might haveseenD. can't haveseen7.No one would imagine that that city was just a night's journeyfrom here. It seemed as though ____ in another world.A. it being ofB. it wereC. it wasD. it to be8.The ____ from childhood to adulthood is always a critical timefor everybody.A. conversionB. transitionC. turnoverD.transformation 9.Europe's earlier industrial growth was ____ by availability of keyresources, abundant and cheap labor, coal, iron ore, etc.A. constrainedB. remainedC. sustainedD. detained10.The mayor is a woman with great ____ therefore deserves ourpolitical and financial support.A. intentionB. instinctC. integrityD. intensity11.The old lady has developed a ____ cough which cannot be curedcompletely in a short time.A. perpetualB. permanentC. chronicD. sustained12. A good education is an ____ you can fall back on for the rest ofyour life.A. assetB. ethicC. inventoryD. obligation13.He is a man who is ____ of judging works of art.A. ableB. capableC. likelyD. impossible14.I should like to rent a house, modern, comfortable and ____ in aquiet neighborhood.A. all in allB. above allC. after allD. over all15.China exploded ____ atom bomb in October 1964.A. its firstB. its oneC. a firstD. the its first16.While ____ from influenza, you should keep from getting wet orover-tired.A. recoveringB. recoveredC. recoverD. to recover17. A human's eyesight is not as ____ as that of an eagle.A. eccentricB. acuteC. sensibleD. sensitive18.He does not speak ____ others do.A. likeB. afterC. beforeD. as19.Two of the children have to sleep in one bed, but the other threehave ____ ones.A. similarB. singularC. differentD. separate20.It is ____ that women should be paid less than men for doing thesame kind of work.A. abruptB. absurdC. adverseD. addictive21.____ the temperature falling so rapidly, we couldn't go on withthe experiment.A. SinceB. ForC. AsD. With22.Astronauts are ____ all kinds of tests before they are actuallysent up in a spacecraft.A. inclinedB. subjected toC. prone toD. bound to23.The government has promised to do ____ lies in its power to easethe hardships of the victims in the flood-stricken area.A. howeverB. whicheverC. whateverD. wherever24.Susan is very hardworking, but her pay is not ____ for her work.A. enough goodB. goodenoughC. as goodenoughD. good asenough25.____ at in his way, the situation does not seem so desperate.A. LookingB. LookedC. BeinglookedD. To look26.He would have finished his college education, but he ____ to quitand find a job to support his family.A. had hadB. hasC. hadD. would have27.After ____ seemed an endless wait, it was her turn to enter thepersonnel manager's office.A. thatB. thereC. whatD. it28.The party, ____ I was the guest of honor, was extremelyenjoyable.A. by whichB. for whichC. to whichD. at which29.In order to repair barns, build fences, grow crops, and care foranimals a farmer must indeed be ___.A. restlessB. skilledC. strongD. versatile30.Things went well for her during her early life but in her middleage her ____ seemed to change.A. affairB. luckC. eventD. chance31.Taking photos is strictly ____ here, as it may damage theprecious cave paintings.A. forbiddenB. rejectedC. excludedD. denied32.Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used ____late for his lecture.A. to have studentsB. for students'beingC. forstudents to beD. to students'being33.The beggar always asks for a ____ of bread and a glass of beer.A. sectionB. columnC. loafD. part34.If tap water were as dangerous as some people think, ____ wouldbe getting sick.A. a lot of more usB. more a lotof usC. a lot of usmoreD. a lot moreof us35.The naughty girl said to her parents that she wanted to be a goodgirl and set her heart ____ a trail of her own.A. to blazingB. to blazeC. blazedD. blaze36.He must have had an accident, or he ____ then.A. would have been hereB. had to behereC. should behereD. would behere37.____ the help of their group, we would not have succeeded in theinvestigation.A. BesidesB. But forC. RegardlessofD. Despite38.Through worldly loss he came to an insight into spiritual truth towhich he might ____ have been a stranger.A. no moreB. no lessC. neitherD. otherwise39.Some educators try to put students of similar abilities into thesame class because they believe this kind of ____ grouping is advisable.A. homogeneousB.instantaneousC.spontaneousD. anonymous40.It was ____ that the restaurant discriminated against blackcustomers.A. addictedB. allegedC. assaultedD. ascribed41.Few people knew the successful businessman was of humble____.A. originsB. startC. beginningD. source42.The ____ talks between China and the United States were thebase of the later agreement.A. originalB. primaryC. initialD. primitive43.Grain production in the world is ____, but still millions arehungry.A. staggeringB. shrinkingC. soaringD. suspending44.Individual sports are run by over 370 independent governingbodies whose functions usually include ____ rules, holding events, selecting national teams and promoting international links.A. drawing onB. drawing inC. drawingup D. drawing down45.As I was just getting familiar with this job, I had ____ to ask myboss.A. manyB. mostC. moreD. much46.All the students have to ____ to the rules and regulations of theschool.A. confirmB. confrontC. confineD. conform47.The rope was catching fire. She let ____ just in time.A. go of itB. I go alone itC. go itD. alone it48.We'll be very careful and keep what you've told us strictly ____.A. rigorousB. confidentialC. privateD. mysterious49.The magician made us think he cut the girl into pieces but it wasmerely an ____.A. illusionB. impressionC. imageD. illumination50.Giving a gift can convey a wealth of meaning about yourappreciation of their ____ and the importance you place upon the relationship.A. solidarityB. priorityC. superiorityD. hospitality51.____ is said that she has become an actress.A. ThatB. ItC. ThisD. She52.The house has been ____ ever since the Johnsons moved out twoyears ago.A. vaccinateB. vacateC. versatileD. vacant53.The first place ____ in the factory was the tool room.A. we visitedB. where wevisited C. which wevisitedD. we visitedin54.The statistics ____ that living standards in the area haveimproved drastically in the recent times.A. provesB. is provingC. areprovingD. prove55.All the President's Men ____ one of the important books forhistorians who study the Watergate Scandal.A. remainB. remainsC. remainedD. is remaining56.He ____ unwisely, but he was at least trying to do somethinghelpful.A. may have actedB. must haveactedC. should actD. would act57.It's absolutely essential that William ____ his study in spite ofsome learning difficulties.A. willcontinueB. continuedC. continueD. continues58.____, he always tries his best to complete it on time.A. However the task is hardB. Howeverhard the task isC. Thoughhard the taskisD. Thoughhard is the task59.Do help yourselves to some fruit, ____ you?A. can'tB. don'tC. wouldn'tD. won't60.The popularity of the film shows that the reviewer's fears werecompletely ____.A. unjustifiedB. unjustC. misguidedD. unacceptedII. Reading Comprehension (共40分) (60 minutes) Section A: Multiple Choice (每小题1分，共20分)Directions: Read the following 4 passages and complete the statements after them by choosing the best from the four alternatives. Write your answer onthe Answer Sheet.Passage 1Of all the musical riches that exist in our lives, the orchestra affords us the most varied source of genuine listening pleasure. Countless communities look upon their local orchestras, whether small or large, as their most treasured cultural possessions. Many of the larger orchestral ensembles maintain fairly extensive travel schedules that bring them to towns and cities without a regular orchestra of their own.In addition, the great orchestras of the world can now reach even the most remote areas due to a profusion of recorded performances, as well as through radio and television broadcasts. An enormous repertoire is available for anyone who cares to listen. Works in this repertoire range from early orchestral literature for smaller orchestras to grand creations written for the full orchestra by major composers, from the giant orchestral masterpieces to the avant-garde complexities of modern times.Without a doubt, the orchestra has become the most important vehicle for the transmission of musical thought. The musicians within the orchestra's ranks enrich their community immeasurably by ensuring that new generations of musicians, or simply music lovers, are given the kind of superior instruction that only an actively engaged, practicing musician can impart. In Europe, orchestras usually enjoy either direct or indirect government support. In the United States—where there are today close to one thousand orchestras of all sizes and of varying importance—it is more a matter of civic consciousness and pride for the people of local communities to take on the responsibility of supporting their orchestras, thereby getting personally involved in individual as well as group efforts in behalf of music. However, these private contributions rarely keep an orchestra out of debt, and some public funds are used in the United States to support orchestras. For example, the National Endowment for the Arts, an independent federal agency, distributes a portion of its funds to orchestra societies.Both in a musical and sociological sense, the orchestra today occupies a central position in our cultural life. A look at the evolution of the orchestra not only provides us with invaluable insight into the development of music but also affords us a capsule history of the patronage of the arts.61. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. The history of the orchestra.B. The need for increased funding of orchestras.C. The cultural role of the orchestra.D. Various kinds of orchestral music.62. The author mentions European and American orchestras in paragraph 3 inorder to compare their .A. different sizesB. type of financingC. musical stylesD. popularity63. It can be inferred from the passage that the purpose of the NationalEndowment for the Arts is to .A. promote artistic activityB. schedule performances for government functionsC. license orchestras to play in the United StatesD. hire musicians64. The passage mentions all of the following methods used by orchestramembers to encourage music appreciation EXCEPT .A. touringB. teachingC. recording performancesD. writing new pieces of music65. The paragraph following the passage most probably discusses the .A. types of people who attend orchestra performances todayB. training necessary to become an orchestra musicianC. factors that have shaped the modern orchestraD. different instrumental sections of the orchestraPassage 2The objective of agriculture is to collect and store solar energy as food energy in plant and animal products, which are then distributed to serve as food for the human population. To collect solar energy in plants and animals and to help crops convert this solar energy into food energy and then to distribute the food products, farmers spend fossil-fuel energy and electric energy in tilling the soil, fertilizing, irrigating, harvesting, and processing.New kinds of energy have helped to make a revolution in farm life, farmwork, and farm output since 1900. Only a hundred years ago in the United States most people were rural people: farmers, planters, trappers, and pioneers. In the nineteenth century, most work was done on farms by musclepower, human or animal. The chief sources of energy for heating were wood and coal. Many farms were fortunate enough to have a windmill for pumping water. In 1900 one farmworker was able to supply the needs of about seven people. In contrast, a farmworker today supplies the needs of 50 people.The first major contributions that energy made to farming were in the useof commercial fertilizer, an energy-intensive product, and in factory-made farm machinery, which required energy to produce. Motorized farm machinery, which also required energy for its operation, first became practical for the farmer around 1910 when farm tractors became available.During the period of 1900 to 1971, the size of the average farm in the United States more than doubled while the farm population declined to one-third of its 1900 level. This change was made possible by the introduction of new technologies to the farming process, including the use of tractors, commercial fertilizers, motorized harvesters, and new scientific methods of farming. By 1975 there were approximately 5 million tractors in use in the United States with a total capacity of 250 million horsepower, consuming 21 gallons of gasoline and 20 gallons of diesel fuel per capita in the United States. The use of commercial fertilizer grew by a factor of approximately 14 during the period 1900 to 1970 and is a critical factor in the ability to increase crop yield per unit of land cultivated.66. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. The contributions of different types of energy to the development of farming.B. The importance of solar energy to successful farming.C. The increase in crop yield since 1900.D. The objective of agriculture since the early 1900's.67. Which of the following does the author imply about pumped water?A. It was a luxury some farms did not have.B. It was introduced on farms after 1900.C. It was of better quality than water taken directly from a stream.D. It was unknown in the United States before the 1900's.68. Between 1900 and today, the efficiency of the farmworker has increased .A. less than four timesB. approximately seven timesC. by 50 percentD. by almost 100 percent69. According to the passage, commercial fertilizer is responsible for which of the following?A. The increased cost of farm maintenance.B. Increased crop yield.C. Lower energy consumption.D. The decreased need for tractors and harvesters.70. Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the passage?A. Motorized farm equipment will become powered by solar energysometime in the near future.B. Farm output increased more from 1970 to the present than during theperiod from 1900 to1970.C. As new technologies become available, farms may become moreefficient.D. Because of the increased size of farms, there is a greater demand forfarmworkers than there was in the past.Passage 3Because most people do not volunteer to pay taxes or police their own financial affairs, governments cannot influence economic activity simply by asking people to pollute less, to give money to the poor, or to be innovative. To accomplish these things, governments have to pass laws. Since the early twentieth century, governments of countries with advanced industrial or service economies have been playing an increasing role in economics. This can be seen in the growth of government taxation and spending, in the growing share of national income devoted to income-support payments, and by the enormous increase in the control of economic activity.The large-scale organization of business, as seen in mass production and distribution, has led to the formation of large-scale organizations —corporations, labor unions, and government structures—that have grown in importance in the past several decades. Their presence and growing dominance have shifted capitalist economies away from traditional market forces and toward government administration of markets.In the United States, government provides a framework of laws for the conduct of economic activity that attempt to make it serve the public interest. For instance, the individual states and the federal government have passed laws to shield investors against fraud. These laws specify what informationhas to be disclosed to prospective investors when shares of stocks or bonds are offered for sales. Another important area of law concerns the labor force, such as regulation of work hours, minimum wages, health and safety conditions, child labor and the rights of workers to form unions, to strike, to demonstrate peacefully, and to bargain collectively through representatives of their own choosing.In other nations, the ways in governments intervene in their economies have varied; however, governments everywhere deal with essentially the same issues and participate in economic activity. Even governments that are reluctant to regulate commerce directly have undertaken large-scale projects such as hydroelectric and nuclear energy developments, transportation networks, or expansion of health, education, and other public service.71. According to the passage, why do governments intervene in economicactivity?A. People do not willingly regulate their own business affairs.B. Governments understand the economy better than anyone else does.C. Businesses pay governments to participate in economic activity.D. The economic would fail without the help of government.72. According to the passage, how has the growth of large-scale organizationssuch as corporations and labor unions affected capitalist economies?A. It has forced governments to pass laws protecting traditional markets.B. It has destroyed capitalism and replaced it with government ownership.C. It has led to the increasing role of government in economic activity.D. It has caused unfair competition between large and small businesses.73. The author mentions laws to shield investors against fraud in paragraph 3as an example of .A. laws that organize businessB. laws that serve the public interestC. laws that protect the labor forceD. laws that set the price of stocks74. What point does the author make about governments that do not want toregulate business directly?A. They cannot compete effectively with government-controlledeconomies.B. They have capitalist economies based on traditional market forces.C. They have no laws for protecting the environment and public health.D. They participate in the economy through public projects and services.75. According to the passage, all of the following are examples of governmentparticipation in economic activity EXCEPT .A. taxation and spendingB. small business ownershipC. income-support paymentsD. transportation networksPassage 4A social group can be defined as a set of two or more people who interact regularly and in a manner that is defined by some common purpose, a set of norms (shared standards of behavior), and a structure of statuses and roles within the group. By this definition, the members of a college class, of a family, and of a workplace all qualify as social groups. In contrast, people standing on a corner waiting at a traffic light do not qualify, even if they do interact. There is no regularity to these people's interaction, nor any division of roles and statuses. They share a common purpose only to the extent that they all want to cross the street, but once across, they will all go their separate ways. Sociologists refer to such a cluster of people as an aggregate.A particular kind of social group that is of great importance in modern society is the formal organization, which is defined as a relatively large-scale group having a name, some official purpose or goals, a structure of statuses and roles, and a set of rules designed to promote these goals. What distinguishes formal organizations from other kinds of groups is the official —and usually written—nature of the goals, rules, and status structure. The structure of a formal organization is sufficiently clear so that it can be put on paper in the form of an organizational chart.Formal organizations can be grouped into three broad types. Some organizations are voluntary organizations—people choose to join them because they are interested in the group's purpose or activities. Examples of voluntary organizations are political groups and professional organizations. Another type, overlapping somewhat with voluntary organizations, is the utilitarian organization—an organization designed to accomplish some task. Businesses and neighborhood improvement associations are examples of this type, as are large-scale organizations such as governments and corporations. Finally, there are coercive organizations—organizations that people are compelled to participate in, such as the military in some countries. Children frequently participate in, a wider range of coercive organizations, most notably schools.76. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. How people interact in clusters.B. The structure of coercive organizations.C. Types and purposes of social groups and organizations.D. Some types of leadership groups that are found in a society.77. In paragraph 1, the author explains the difference between a social groupand .A. a college classB. an aggregateC. a familyD. an organization78. According to the passage, a formal organization is distinct from othergroups mainly because .A. the official structure is written downB. only a few people belong to itC. its members interact regularlyD. its leadership roles change frequently79. According to the passage, why do people join a voluntary organization?A. They prefer an informal structure to a formal one.B. They do so as part of their job training.C. They are not interested in becoming leaders.D. They want to associate with people who have similar interests.80. Which of the following best identifies a group of neighbors who worktogether to create a park for their children?A. A coercive organizationB. A government organizationC. A utilitarian organizationD. A professional organizationSection B: Question-Answering (每小题10分，共20分)Directions: Below are 2 questions concerning the passages you have just read. Answer them on the Answer Sheet, each within 80 words.81. (Refer to Passage 1) Do you agree with the author’s statement that “… theorchestra today occupies a central position in our cultural life”? Why? 82. (Refer to Passage 3) Do you agree with the author’s views on passing lawsto regulate economic activity? Why?III. Writing (共30分) (60 minutes) Directions: It has been said, “Not everything that is learned is contained in books.” In your opinion, which is more important: knowledge gained from experience or knowledge gained from books? Why?Write on the Answer Sheet a composition of about 400words. You are to write in three parts. In the first part, state specifically what your idea is. In the second part, provide one or two reasons to support your idea or describe your idea. In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks. Don’t forget to write a title.。

上海理工大学翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试真题2012年(总分：150.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Ⅰ.(总题数：30，分数：30.00)1.Wi-Fi（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Wi-Fi无线保真技术2.ISO（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：ISO (International Organization for Standardization)国际标准化组织3.DNA（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：DNA (Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid)脱氧核糖核酸4.IMF（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：IMF (International Monetary Fund)国际货币基金组织5.nitrogen oxide（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：nitrogen oxide氧化氮6.autoalarm（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：autoalarm自动报警器7.biological agent（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：biological agent生物制剂8.Charles Darwin（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Charles Darwin查尔斯·达尔文9.multistage rocket（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：multistage rocket多级火箭10.radio navigational instruments（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：radio navigational instruments无线电导航仪器11.probability theory（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：probability theory概率论12.geoastrophysics（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：geoastrophysics天文地球物理学13.neon（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：neon霓虹灯14.semiconductor（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：semiconductor半导体municative translation（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：communicative translation交际翻译16.矿物燃料（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：矿物燃料fossil fuel17.载人飞船（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：载人飞船manned spacecraft18.人工智能（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：人工智能artificial intelligence19.信息类文本（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：信息类文本informative text20.电化学（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：电化学electrochemistry21.千瓦（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：千瓦kilowatt22.功能对等（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：功能对等functional equivalence23.工程制图（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：工程制图engineering drawing24.改写本（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：改写本adaptation25.克隆（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：克隆clone26.机辅翻译（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：机辅翻译computer aided translation27.博客搜索（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：博客搜索blog search28.字面翻译（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：字面翻译literal translation29.天宫1号太空舱（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：天宫1号太空舱Tiangong 1 space capsule30.同声传译（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：同声传译simultaneous interpretation二、Ⅱ.(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Source Text 1:(总题数：1，分数：30.00)31.One measure of a robust transportation system is the diversity of travel modes. US cities are dominated by a single mode: the private car. On average, each person in the US cities sampled in 1990 logged10,870 kilometers (6,750 miles) of city driving more than a round trip across North America. Growth in car use in the US cities between 1980 and 1990 was 2,000 kilometers per person, nearly double the increase in the Canadian cities, which have the next highest driving level. In industrial countries, urban car use has tended to rise as population density has declined.US cities have led the trend toward dispersed, low-density development. Between 1983 and 1990, the average roundtrip commute to work in the United States grew 25%, to 17 kilometers (11 miles). As cities sprawl, cars become essential while transit , bicycling, and walking become less practical. Compact Asian and European cities thus have the highest levels of non-motorized transport.As car use rises, car-related problems mount. Fatal crashes, for example, increase. The exception is cities in developing countries, where low car use is offset by poor signals and safety regulations. Nonetheless, highly car-reliant US cities exceed even developing Asian cities in per capital traffic fatalities. Worldwide, traffic accidents kill some 885,000 people each year—equivalent to 10 fatal jumbo jet crashes per day—and injure many times more.[Key Words]log v.把……记入航海(或飞行) transit n.运输，经过jumbo jet 大型喷气式客机（分数：30.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：()解析：衡量一个交通体系发达的尺度就是多样化的出行方式。

四川大学翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试真题2012年(总分：150.00，做题时间：180分钟)Ⅰ1.CPI（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(居民价格消费指数(Consumer Price Index) )解析：2.SME（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(中小型企业(Small and Medium Enterprises) )解析：3.WWF（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(世界野生动物基金(World Wildlife Fund) )解析：4.ISO（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(国际标准化组织(International Organization for Standardization) )解析：5.CIF（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(到岸价格(Cost Insurance and Freight) )解析：6.Foxconn（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(富士康科技集团 )解析：7.MOFCOM（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(中华人民共和国商务部 )解析：8.TPP（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(泛太平洋战略经济伙伴关系协定(Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement) )解析：9.IPCC（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(政府间气候变化专门委员会(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) )解析：10.Chemical Oxygen Demand（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(化学需氧量 )解析：11.the“100,000”Strong Initiative by President Obama（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(奥巴马总统十万强计划 )解析：12.carbon foot print（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(碳足迹 )解析：13.debt ceiling（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(债务上限 )解析：14.solar photovoltaics（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(太阳能光伏发电 )解析：15.Standard & Poor's（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(标准普尔 )解析：16.非关税壁垒（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(Non-tariff barriers )解析：17.平板电视（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(flat television )解析：18.廉租房（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(low-rent houses )解析：19.经济二次触底（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(double dip recession )解析：20.海选（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(open audition )解析：21.剩男剩女（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(leftover women and men )解析：22.地沟油（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(swill-cooked dirty oil )解析：23.潜规则（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(hidden rules )解析：24.中国载人航天计划（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(China's manned space program )解析：25.紧缩性货币政策（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(tightened monetary policy)解析：26.云计算（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(cloud computing )解析：27.民心工程（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(morale project )解析：28.智能城市（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(smart city )解析：29.《海峡两岸经济合作框架协议》（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(The Cross-Strait Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement )解析：30.《中庸》（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(The Doctrine of the Mean )解析：Ⅱ31. High-speed ground transportation (HSGT) technologies with vehicle speeds exceeding 150 mph can be divided into two basic categories: High-speed rail (HSR) systems, with top speeds between 150 and 200 mph, use steel wheels on steel rails, as with traditional railroads, but can achieve higher speeds because of the design of both the rail bed and cars. High-speed magnetic levitation (MAGLEV) systems, with top speeds between 250 and 300 mph, use forces of attraction or repulsion from powerful magnets placed in either the vehicle or the guideway beneath it both to lift the vehicle above the guideway and to propel it forward. A MAGLEV vehicle can be likened to a flying train or a guided aircraft. If linked effectively with highways and air service, HSGT technologies-particularly MAGLEV—could have a significant impact on congestion in the future. When comparing HSR with MAGLEV technologies, MAGLEV appears to be the technology of choice. Though the new generation of HSR technology can reach commercial speeds of up to 186 mph, additional increases in speed pose great engineering problems, suggesting that rail transportation is a mature technology. MAGLEV technology, on the other hand, is in its infancy and will improve substantially with additional engineering.（分数：30.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：( 车速超过每小时150英里的高速地面交通系统技术，基本上可以分为两类：一种是最高速度每小时150英里到200英里(240～320千米)的高速铁路系统，与传统铁路一样，在钢轨上用钢轮。

2012年中山大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. V ocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. WritingV ocabulary1．The old couple moved to the countryside______their health for the doctor said fresh airwould do them good.A．for the sake ofB．because ofC．In case ofD．in spite of正确答案：A解析：句意：为了身体健康，这对老夫妇搬到了乡下，因为医生说新鲜的空气对他们有好处。

for the sake of为了；为了…的利益。

because of因为，由于。

in case of万一，如果。

in spite of尽管。

2．Lover of towns______I am. I realize that I owe a debt to my early country life.A．becauseB．whereC．whoD．as正确答案：D解析：句意：尽管我是一个长期在城市生活的人，可我意识到我对早期乡村生活的亏欠。

考查的是让步状语从句倒装，主要是为了强调位于句首的名词、形容词、副词、动词等。

as在让步状语从句中作从属连词，表示虽然、尽管等，引导让步状语从句时，常用倒装语序。

模式为：adj．／adv．／n．+as+主语+谓语+主句。

3．She was trying______by the teacher in class.A．avoiding questioningB．avoiding to questionC．to avoid being questionedD．to avoid questioning正确答案：C解析：句意：她试图回避在课堂上被老师提问。

此题涉及三个考点。

第一个是固定搭配：tryto do sth．。

天津外国语大学2012年翻译硕士英语考研真题I. Choose the one answer that best explains the underlined word or phrase in the sentence. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET (20 points).1. Many of the over-the-top costumes now on display were actually kept in storage though.A. outstandingB. futileC. parsimoniousD. dazzling2. Measures to curb speculative home purchases have proven effective, especially in the land supply and purchase market where excessive investments have been in retreat.A. boycottB. encourageC. restrainD. ban3. In the July rain, the run-down street in a Beijing southern suburb even looks a little dreary.A. dirty and dilapidatedB. small but interestingC. short but energeticD. flopping and tiring4. The ministry announced at a State Council Information Office press conference on August 11 that 47 medical teams, with 779 members, were in Zhouqu treating patients, sterilizing the environment and drinking water, and ensuring proper disposal of corpses.A. buryingB. removingC. processingD. cleaning5. Chen warned against the possibility of home prices rebounding when low interest rates are adopted to mitigate inflation.A. suspendB. increaseC. alleviateD. endorse6. Risk aversion came to the fore as fears about the European sovereign debt and global economy rattled investors.A. agendaB. checklistC. rosterD. front7. The hapless pair had the misfortune to discover for themselves what any decent guide will inform you: Wangfujing is not the place for better restaurants.A. unluckyB. persistentC. stubbornD. happy8. The target is multifaceted: the country hopes to gain military strength and be unafraid of foreign threats, while creating a high standard of living.A. having many aspectsB. kaleidoscopicC. colorfulD. crystal clear9. To increase performance and win against Morgan Stanley, Chen decided to forge a short-lived alliance between Yongle and Dazhong Electronics, which brought Yongle to the brink of insolvency.A. associationB. connectionC. separationD. disclamation10. I spent hours simply wandering these back streets, looking for photo opportunities andinhaling the unmistakable scent of burning coal.A. enjoyingB. breathing outC. breathing inD. touching11. Lebanese President Michel Suleiman welcomes his Iranian counterpart MahmoudAhmadinejad to Beirut for an official visit on October 13.A. matchB. spouseC. friendD. foe12. The three referees were detained in March, pushing the credibility of Chinese referees to anall-time low.A. trusteeB. reliabilityC. judgmentD. notability13. Last year 175,000 people flocked to the downtown area for the Thanksgiving Day Parade.A. swarmed toB. gathered toC. centralized inD. dispersed to14. It is believed that nomadic ancestors considered bumper harvests as bounty form the “God ofSun” and natural disasters as punishment.A. victoryB. rewardC. warningD. persecution15. When we talk about giving universities greater autonomy to recruit students, people may beconcerned about possible fraud and preferential treatment enjoyed by students from wealthy or powerful families.A. teachB. admitC. fakeD. transfer16. Recently, Joe, a foreign English teacher in China, said to me, “I feel dazed and disoriented; mystudents here are unusually quiet. I can’t tell if they understand my lessons.” His plight is not surprising. Many foreign ESL instructors often feel confused when they first step into a Chinese classroom.A. annoyanceB. depressionC. predicamentD. disappointment17. This cultural perspective disorients foreign teachers, who misperceive their students as passiveand withdrawn.A. perceiveB. conceiveC. misunderstandD. process18. Some esoteric fonts used by today’s artists emulate monks who copied medieval manuscriptsby hand.A. complicatedB. mysteriousC. gibberishD. cursive19. Tower C of Office Park, a dazzling new office building in Beijing’s Central Business District,has been widely praised in the market for its superior quality and pleasant amenities after it was unveiled to the market at a press conference held in March 2010.A. convenienceB. regularityC. sightD. outlook20. The country’s stability must therefore be based on the reconciliation of the relationshipsbetween different ethnic groupsA. rapprochementB. hostilityC. negotiationD. war-ceasingⅡ. In each of the following sentences, there are four underlined parts, marked A, B, C and D. Identify the part that is grammatically incorrect. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET (10 points).1. Only with early seventeenth century observers did the music of the original inhabitantsA B Cof the United States and Canada entered recorded history.D2. The most widely discussed alternative to the traditional campus is the Internet UniversityA—a voluntary community to scholars/ teachers physically scattered throughout a country orB Caround the world because all linked in cyberspace.D3. T.S. Eliot received wide recognition after publishes The Waste Land, which fused poeticA B Ctraditions with elements of modern music and language.D4. To people from temperate climates, tropical butterflies may seem incredible big.A B C D5. Many theories have been developed concerning how people learn about cultures from theA Bmyths and legends pass down from one generation to another.C D6. Bacteria lived in the soil play a vital role in recycling the carbon and nitrogen needed byA B C Dplants.7. Of the many machines invented in the late nineteenth century, none had a great impact onA B C Dthe United States economy than the automobile.8. The decade of the 1920’s was significant in Georgia’s history because of the rapidityA Bwith what agriculture declined in the state.C D9. A liquid that might be a poor conductor when pure is often used to make solutions thatA B Creadily transmits electricity.D10. Small distinctions among stamps, unimportant to the person average, would meanA B Ca great deal to the stamp collector.DⅢ. Below each of the following 4 passages you will find questions or incomplete statements about the passage. Each statement or question is followed by lettered words or expressions. Select the word or expression that most satisfactorily completes or answers each question in accordance with the meaning of the passage. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET (40 points).(1)What is the charm of necklaces? Why would anyone put something extra around her neck and then invest it with special significance? A necklace doesn’t afford warmth in cold weather,like a scarf, or protection in combat, like chain mail; it only decorates. We might say it borrows meaning from what it surrounds and sets off: the head with its supremely important material contents, and the face, that register of the soul. When photograph reduces the reality it represents, they mention not only the passage from three dimensions to two, but also the selection of a point du vue favors the top of the body rather than the bottom and the front rather than the back. The face is the jewel in the crown of the body, and so we give it a setting.When people are intensely concerned with something that is obviously impractical, anthropologists take note, for lovely useless things often express archaic to exist in contemporary American houses already heated by gas and electricity, yet most people want one and it is still the focus of the living room. This desire testifies, I think, to the hundreds of thousands of years during which we Homo sapiens huddled around a cave fire. We watch ourselves, rather anxiously, vanish backward down those lone temporary corridors, as my daughter gazes at her infinitely multiplied small self in the mutually opposed mirrors of the beauty salon, and wonders, is it me? Our fireplaces and necklaces and tombstones say it is, they are.In American culture, an interest in necklaces seems to be rather gender specific. Many men to whom I mention the enterprise feign polite interest and then change the subject, though I know some who admire, construct, and wear necklaces, including the distinguished scientist and poet to whom this essay is dedicated. Most women, by contrast, become mildly or wildly enthusiastic. A doctor in Blois brought out her entire collection of costume jewelry for me, exhibited the most splendid pieces with an account of where and when they were purchased, and then explain them all with the help of a large glossy book on the history of costume jewelry, with dozens of pictures.A former student of mine who had moved to California mailed me six plastic boxes full of beads gleaned from a warehouse managed by an eccentric friend who just their settings; a feature bead painted with a naked lady; crystal roundels of truly exceptional shine; and tiny silver hematite seed beads. Beads lend themselves to exchange, Beads travel. And clearly these two facts are related.1. The function of the necklace is to ______.A. keep people warmB. provide people with protectionC. make people beautifulD. build up people’s confidence2. Lovely useless things, according to the author, serve the purpose of ______.A. decorating the houseB. showing off one’s artistic tasteC. reminding people of things pastD. revealing one’s tendency to waste money3. “Gender specific” means ______.A. both men and womenB. either men or womenC. neither men nor womenD. related to one sex only4. From this article we can gather that _______.A. Only women like necklacesB. Only men like necklacesC. Most women like necklacesD. Most men like necklaces5. Some men “feign polite interest” means _______.A. They are keenly interestedB. They are not interested at all because they are menC. They are slightly interestedD. They pretend to be interested out of politeness(2)About a dozen years ago my wife and I planted a hedge of twenty-seven arborvitae trees along the border of our backyard, which, although our house sits on nineteen acres of fields and woods, is also the back border of our property. A sloping hayfield with a realtor’s dream of panoramic views lies directly behind us. So the hedge was our attempt to secure privacy for the future. The nurseryman who sold us the shrubs assured us they were the best species for our purpose and climate. I measured and marked the planting sites, called in “Chink” Norris (whose possibly racist nickname I’ve not looked into any more than I have the nurseryman’s credentials) to come with his small backhoe and dig the holes. As advised, I faithfully watered and fertilized each tree throughout the holes. As advised, I faithfully watered and fertilized each tree throughout the first year, with results that were everything I’d been promised: dense, hardy, and luxuriant, a towering bulwark of green. Thus began an episode of great vexation and buffoonery in my life, known and (I have no doubt) merrily recounted in local circles as the tale of “Garret and his trees”, or as my wife puts it, “Garret and the deer.” It so happens that we live next to one of the county’s most extensive “deer yard”, those areas of canopied woods to which the deer retire in winter, making networks of deeply furrowed tracks and foraging as best they can until there’s a declared winner in the yearly race between spring and starvation.It also happens that deer find arborvitae a delicacy, related to the cedar that they also love, but thicker and more succulent. By the second winter they’d found and attacked my trees. I fought back, not with a vengeance—I stopped short of that—but with something close to obsession. I erected fence structures that made our backyard look like a scene from the Somme. I played recordings of wolves howling, recordings of me howling. I fired pistol shots at random hours of the night. I hung or sprinkled repellents of blood meal, urine, (mine), and deodorant soap. Hearing that deer were repelled by the scent of human hair, I asked some hair dressers to set aside their sweepings in a bag with, as the saying goes, my name on it.As any warden will tell you, if deer are hungry enough they will get through anything, which this year included an electric fence hooked to a charger supposedly powerful enough to deter an elephant. So the farmer who’d helped me rig it up assured me. What he did not tell me, because he did not know, was that the insulating snowpack would prevent an animal from completing the circuit with the ground. In came the deer like a school of piranhas. This was shortly after a man from Connecticut purchased the hayfield behind our house for a price few of my neighbors could afforded and none of them could believe and set about measuring the foundations of a house.6. The author and his wife planted a hedge along their backyard for the purpose of _______.A. prevent deerB. protect privacyC. beautify the surroundingsD. eco-friendly7. The author collects hair in bags to prevent the invasion of deer because he knows that _______.A. deer like the smell of human hairB. deer can be repelled by the smell of human hairC. deer die when eating human hairD. deer flee at the sight of human hair8. Why the author sets up an electric fence?A. as a safety precautionB. to prevent the harassment by deerC. as part of house decoration planD. to halt potential thieves and robbers9. Why did the electric fence fail? It is because of _______.A. The deer are smartB. The winter is coldC. The fence is of low qualityD. Snowpack serves as an insulator10. What measure was NOT taken by the author to deter the deer?A. urineB. gun shotsC. watchdogD. deodorant soup(3)I was eight years old the first time I fainted. I was at friend’s house, and a bee stung me on the back of the neck. I had felt nothing but a slight pinch and the bug was soon wiped away and flushed down the toilet, but since I looked pale I was urged to call my mother. As I told her what had happened, I felt myself blacking out, sinking to the floor, vaguely aware that I was still gripping the receiver.Perhaps I was allergic to the bee sting—the only one I’ve ever gotten, although to this day I have a phobia about bees, wasps, and other insects. But the image of an eight-year-old in Keds crumpling to the ground while he describes his injury to his Mommy seems to return us to Freudian territory. Note the umbilical image of the phone cord.Call me fanciful. Still, I’m afraid these undertones are hardly dissipated by the second fainting incident I can recall, which practically reeks of the family romance. This took place one weekend morning while we were gathered in the kitchen to eat breakfast. My mother stood at the stove making French toast, which she had already served to the kids; my father, seated at the table, was cutting a bagel with a sharp bread knife. Contrary to every principle of kitchen safety, he was holding the bagel in his hand and cutting inward, and eventually he made a neat, shallow incision in his palm. The blood was profuse.Being a hematologist, my father didn’t panic: this was just business as usual. But my mother stopped flipping French toast and collapsed to the floor. I, inspired by the blood and my mother’s collapse and the powerful odors of syrup and sugar rising from my plate, slumped forward. My forehead went into the syrup. I heard a roar—it seemed to me that I was being clutched beneath the armpits and whirled around—and then my father shook me back into consciousness. He had already attended to my mother.Still think I’m fanciful? Then listen to this. Out of curiosity I asked my mother when her firstfainting episode had occurred.She paused, thought it over, and came up with the following. At the age of thirteen, she went to visit her father in the hospital, who only the day before had had his appendix removed. Aside from her father, still conked out from the anesthesia, the other person in the room was a nurse, who was busy changing the dressing on the patient’s incision, which hadn’t quite closed. For some reason, the nurse had to leave the room. At this point, she asked my mother to hold the soiled dressing in place until she returned. My mother complied. Standing over her dazed father, gingerly holding a used bandage over a hole in his lower abdomen, the thirteen-year-old grew lightheaded.I assumed the nurse returned before she hit the floor.11. It can be gathered from this article that the tendency to faint most probably is _______.A. genetically determinedB. independently developedC. virus infectedD. emotionally affected12. The faint related to the bee sting led to the author’s fear later in her life of _______.A. snakesB. elephantsC. insectsD. dogs13. The author’s mother fainting might be assumed to be related to _______.A. appendixB. abdomenC. nurseD. blood14. “At this point” in this article most probably means _______.A. at this momentB. At this partC. at this houseD. at this corner15. One most plausible reason that the author’s father did not panic when he cut himself is_______.A. He had served in the armyB. He was the head of the familyC. He tried to maintain his authorityD. He was an expert on blood(4)A dog cares deeply, which way your body is leaning. Forward or backward? Forward can be seen as aggressive; backward—even a quarter of an inch—means nonthreatening. It means you’ve relinquished what ethologists call an “intention movement” to proceed forward. Cook your head, even slightly, to the side, and a dog is disarmed. Look at him straight on and he’ll read is like a red flag. Standing straight, with your shoulders squared rather that slumped, can mean the difference between whether your dog obeys a command or ignores it. Breathing evenly and deeply, rather than holding your breath can mean the difference between defusing a tense situation and igniting it. “I think they are looking at our eyes and where our eyes look like,”the ethologist PatriciaMcConnell, who teaches at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, says, “A rounded eye with a dilated pupil is a sign of high arousal and aggression in a dog. I believe they pay a tremendous amount of attention to how relaxed our face is and how relaxed our facial muscles are, because that’s big cue for them with each other. Is the jaw relaxed? Is the mouth slightly open? And then the arms. They pay a tremendous amount of attention to where our arms go.”In the book The Other End of the Leash, McConnell decodes one of the most common of all human-dog interactions, the meeting between two leashed animals in a walk. To us, it’s about one dog sizing up another. To her, it’s about two dogs sizing up each other after first sizing up their respective owners. The owners “are often anxious about how well the dogs will get along,” she writes, and if you watch them instead of the dogs, you’ll often notice that the humans will hold their breath and round their eyes and mouths in an “on alert” expression. Since these behaviors are expressions of offensive aggression in a canine culture, I suspect the humans are unwittingly signaling tension. If you exaggerate this by tightening the leash, as many owners do, you can actually cause the dogs to attack each other. Think of it: the dogs are in a tense social encounter, surrounded by support from their own pack, with the humans forming a tense, staring, breathless circle around them. I don’t know how many times I’ve seen dogs shift their eyes toward their owner’s frozen faces and then launch growling at the other dog.16. A dog responds when it sees the following act of its owner _______.A. shoutsB. hitsC. body movementD. foot gesture17. A dog is read to attack when _______.A. its eyes are diluted and roundedB. its owner’s body leans backwardC. its owner’s shoulder squaredD. its owner’s shoulder slumped18. The other end of the leash most probably refers to _______.A. a dog C. dog owner’s friendB. a dog’s owner D. a dog’s rival19. The best title for this piece might be _______.A. Human-dog InteractionB. Human-dog FriendshipC. Human-dog AntagonismD. Human-dog Relations20. If an owner rounds his eyes and mouth, he is unintentionally urges his dog _______.A. to retreat C. to initiate a fightB. to squat D. to come back homeIV. The following report is taken from China Daily, Nov 23, 2011. The primary purpose of this excerpt is intended to provide a source of inspiration for writing rather than tempt you into copying the same thing in your composition.Nowadays, some people who cannot afford top brand products are buying paper carry bags with brand names or logos to gratify their vanity. Some are even finding top brand labels, instruction books and receipts sold online.These purchases, which are not for practical needs, but merely to show off and gratify the owners’vanity, are called “face consumptions”.A survey of 1,104 people conducted by China Youth Daily shows 84.2 percent interviewees think “face consumptions” are widespread amid young people.As for “face consumptions”48.4 percent interviewees show their distain; 39.9 percent express their sympathy; 36.5 percent feel indignation; 30.3 percent are indifferent and 5.1 percent approve the practice.According to the survey, clothes (75.3%); gifts (60.7%) and cars (59.5%) rank in the top three as the most likely sectors in which “face consumption” occurs, followed by electronic goods (55.6), catering (50.5%), liquor and tobacco (49.5%), cosmetics (43.9%) and entertainment (26.9%).Write an argumentative essay of about 400 words on the following topic (30 points);My Comment on Face Consumption amid Young People参考答案及解析I. Choose the one answer that best explains the underlined word or phrase in the sentence.1.A 句意：许多现在陈列的优秀服装实际上是存放在仓库中的。

北京科技大学2012年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题============================================================================================================= 试题编号： 211 试题名称：翻译硕士英语（共 11 页）适用专业：翻译（专业英语）说明：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。

============================================================================================================= I.Vocabulary and Structure (30 points, 1 point each. 60 minutes) Directions: Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that best completes the sentence. Write your answers on your answer sheet.1.He was frustrated because, although he was adept at making lies sound _______,when telling the truth, he lacked the power to make himself believed.A.convincingB. plausibleC. trueD. logical2.The corporation expects only ______ increases in sales next year despite a yearlong effort to revive its retailing business.A.modestB. sequentialC. unquestionableD. exaggerated3.The mother said she would ______ her son washing the dishes if he could finishhis assignment before supper.A.let downB. let aloneC. let offD. let out4.My favorite radio song is the one I first heard on a 1923 Edison disc I ______ at agarage sale.A.trifled withB. scraped throughC. stumbled uponD. thirsted for5.While not ______ with the colorfully obvious forms of life that are found in atropical rain forest, the desert is host to a surprisingly large number of species.A.endowedB. teemingC. confrontedD. imbued6.Although I had been invited to the opening ceremony, I was unable to attend______ such short notice.A.toB. inC. withD. on7.The journalist deprecated the efforts of environmental protection to stopdeforestation, claiming that they had actually ______ the problem.A.initiatedB. indictedC. acceleratedD. alleviated8.I think your sister is old enough to know ______ to spend all her money on fancyclothes.A.other thanB. more thanC. rather thanD. better than9.The emotional outburst was quite unusual for him; he is typically one of the most______ individuals you could ever meet.A.stoicB. demonstrativeC. extrovertedD. inimical10.Despite her gregariousness, she seems to have been a woman who cherished her______ highly.A.integrityB. privacyC. friendshipsD. humility11.To those consumers who are more influenced by style than by performance, the______ value of the sports car outweighs its functional flaws.A.pragmaticB. utilitarianC. inexplicableD. aesthetic12.The defendant’s contrite behavior was not an act; he truly felt great ______ for thecrime of which he was accused.A.apprehensionB. indigenceC. remorseD. bliss13.The fact that even the most traditional European language has ______ such wordsas “e-mail” seems to indicate that no language is impervious to foreign influences.A.originatedB. prohibitedC. incorporatedD. recounted14.Despite the attempts to depict the stock market as driven by predictable financialprinciples, many investors believe that the price of any security is ______.A.valuableB. responsiveC. obscureD. capricious15.A student becomes a thinker only when he or she realizes that most so-called factsare merely ______ claims, each serving its purpose only temporarily.A.provisionalB. authoritativeC. dramaticD. pedantic16.She approached her homework assignments in such a (an) ______ way that it isdifficult to believe that she is at the top of her class.A.diligentB. laggardC. adeptD. fanatical17.Because the team had been eliminated from the playoffs, they played with ______in their final games, losing by an average of forty points per game.A.fortitudeB. resolutionC. vigorD. apathy18.Those who fear the influence of television deliberately ______ its persuasivepower, hoping that they might keep knowledge of its potential to effect socialchange from being widely disseminated.A.underplayB. promoteC. excuseD. laud19.As the employee’s motives were found to be ______, no disciplinary action willbe taken against him for the mistake.A.absurdB. benignC. gratuitousD. improvised20.To ______ people’s hunger for adventures, they came up with many high-techvideo games.A.harmonizeB. enhanceC. nullifyD. appease21.Theories ______ on the individual suggest that children engage in criminalbehavior because they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds.A.actingB. centeringC. relyingD. commenting22.Once accepted as an incontrovertible truth, the theory that nine planets revolvearound our sun is now regarded by astronomers as ______.A.dubiousB. irrefutableC. universalD. conclusive23.Although based on an actual event, the film lacks verisimilitude: the directorshuffles events and ______ documentary truth for dramatic power.A.embracesB. exaggeratesC. substitutesD. sacrifices24.The ______ of the neighborhood is revealed by subtle practices, like the fact thatso many people in the community use the same hand gestures when speaking.A.adaptabilityB. diversityC. cohesivenessD. creativity25.Only if the number of applicants continues to ______ can the admissioncommittee justify offering more scholarships in order to increase the number of applicants.A.expandB. plummetC. mushroomD. burgeon26.She writes across generational lines, making the past so ______ that our belief thatthe present is the true focus of experience is undermined.plexB. vividC. mysteriousD. distant27.A common argument claims that in folk art, the artist’s subordination of technicalmastery to intense feeling ______ the direct communication of emotion to the viewer.A.facilitatesB. neutralizesC. impliesD. represses28.I don’t understand what you’re getting so ______ about. It’s really not a problem.A. worked outB. worked overC. worked upD. worked against29.The smile on the Monalisa has been the source of much ______ among arthistorians, who continue to interpret her expression in many different ways.A.assentB. deliberationC. concurrenceD. reconciliation30.The Prime Minister had vetoed the proposal in the past; thus, it came as a surpriseto the public when he ______ the same law in his most recent speech.A.denouncedB. initiatedC. articulatedD. sanctionedII.Reading Comprehension (40 points, 2 points each. 60 minutes)Section IDirections: In this section there are three reading passages followed by multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then write your answers on your answer sheet.Passage OneLast week, The Washington Post ran a front-page story that said most stay-at-home moms aren’t S.U.V. —driving, daily yoga-doing, latte-drinking, upper-middle-class women who choose to leave their high-power careers to answer the call to motherhood. Instead, they are disproportionately low-income, non-college educated, young and Hispanic or foreign-born; in other words, they are women whose horizons are greatly limited and for whom the cost of child care, very often, makes work not a workable choice at all.These findings, drawn from a new report by the Census Bureau, really ought to lead us to reframe our public conversations about who mothers are and why they do what they do. It should lead us away from all the moralistic bombast about mothers’ “choices” and “priorities”. It should get us thinking less about choice, in f act, and make us focus more on contingencies —the objective conditions that drive women’s lives. And they should propel us to think about the choices that we as a society must make to guarantee that the best possible opportunities are available for all families.The basic finding of this latest report — that the more choices mothers have, the more likely they are to work —has been known, to anyone who’s taken the time to seriously look into the issue. Ever since 2003, when Lisa Belkin’s article in The Times magazine about highly privileged and ultra-high-achieving moms —“The Opt-Out Revolution” — was generalized by the news media to claim that mothers overall were choosing to leave the work force in droves, researchers have been revisiting the state of mothers’ employment and reaching very similar conclusions.In 2007, the sociologists David Cotter, Paula England and Joan Hermsen looked carefully at four decades of employment data and found that women with choices —those with college educations — were overwhelmingly choosing to stay in the work force. The only women “opting out” in any significant numbers were the very richest — those with husbands earning more than $125,000 a year — and the very poorest —those with husbands earning less than $23, 4000 a year. You might say that the movement of the richest women out of the workforce proves that women will, in the best of all possible worlds, go home. But these women often have husbands who, in order to earn those top salaries, work 70 or 80 hours a week and travel extensively; someone had to be home. Many left high-powered careers that made similar demands on their time.The alternative narrative — of constricted horizons, not choice — that might have emerged from recent research has never really made it into the mainstream. It just can’t, it seems, find a foothold.“The reason we keep getting this narrative is that there is this deep cultural ambivalence about mothers’ employment,” England told me this week. “On the one hand, people believe women should have equal opportunities, but on the other hand, we don’t envision men taking on more child care and housework and, unlike Europe, we don’t seem to be able to envision family-friendly work policies.”Why this matters — and why opening this topic up for discussion is important —is very clear: because our public policy continues to rest upon a fictitious idea, eternally recycled in the media, of mothers’ free choices, and not upon the constraints that truly drive their behavior. “If journalism repeate dly frames the wrong problem, then the folks who make public policy may very well deliver the wrong solution,” is how E. J. Graff, the associate director and senior researcher at Brandeis University’s Schuster Institute for Investigative Journalism once put it in the Columbia Journalism Review, “If women are happily choosing to stay home with their babies, that’s private decision. But it’s a public policy issue if schools, jobs and other American institutions are structured in ways that make it frustratingly difficult, and sometimes impossible, for parents to manage both their jobs and family responsibilities.”1.What is the significance of the report run by the Census Bureau?A.It changes the images of what mothers are.B.The society should notice the importance of mothers’ choices.C.We need talk about what mothers should do rather than the choices they have.D.More attention should be paid to opportunities offered to change women’scurrent lives.2.The phrase “in droves” in Paragraph 3 means ______.A.under stimulationB.in groupsC.driven by conditionsD.none of the above3.The fourth paragraph claims that ______.A.the very richest prefer to opt out for the wealth they ownB.demands on time are the only reason for the poorest at homeC.financial affluence leads to the women’s “opting out”D.family responsibility forces women to stay at home4.According to the passage, ______ is the root cause of women staying at home.A.the mediaB. their own choiceC. the public policyD. school structure5.What is the best title for the passage?A.The Choice of Non-Working WomenB.The Opt-Out Revolution of WomenC.The Objective Condition of WomenD.Women in Employment MarketPassage TwoYou don’t have to be Julian Assange, the man behind WikiLeaks, to think that governments have a nasty habit of abusing their powers of secrecy. Or that, whether governments are corrupt and malign or merely negligent and incompetent, then sunlight is often the best disinfectant. One of the jobs of journalism is to make a grubby nuisance of itself by ferreting out the establishment’s half-truths and embarrassments. And one of the jobs of the courts is to police the press by protecting whistle-blowers while also punishing libel and treachery.But the most recent WikiLeaks dump of diplomatic cables has overturned that order in two ways. First by its sheer volume. When you have not just a handful of documents to release, but more than 250,000 emails seemingly touching on every file in the State Department, however dusty, you discredit not just one government official or one policy, but an entire way of going about diplomacy.It is too soon to know what effect the leak’s revelations will have. The newspapers have so far published the e-mails piecemeal, and a lot more are to come. Foreign-policy experts are right when they say they have learned little that is radically new. Revelations about the tireless nightlife of Italy’s aging prime minister will surprise no one. Given that hundreds of thousands of people had access to the cables, the sensitive stuff will already be in the hands of many a spy service.But the experts also miss a larger point: they themselves are part of the elite inner-circle that WikiLeaks wants to break open so that Everyman can judge for himself. Perhaps shattering all those taboos might do some good. The public airing of Arab leaders’ fears of an Iranian bomb might shake others’ complacency about the issue.But any gains will come at a high cost. In a world of WikiLeaks, diplomacy would no longer be possible. The secrecy that WikiLeaks despises is vital to all organizations, including government --- and especially in the realm of international relations. Those who pass information to American diplomats, out of self-interest, conviction or goodwill, will be less open now. Some of them, like the Iranian businessman fingered as a friend of America, could face reprisals.In the past, the rights and wrongs of all this could have been determined by public debate, the passage of some legislation and the courts. Not any longer. The second way in which WikiLeaks has overturned the old order is by being beyond jurisdiction.America can and will try to use its laws to protect its secrets. But even if it locks up Bradley Manning, the 23-year-old serviceman thought to be behind the leaks, and even if it captures Mr. Assange, the information is out, on a network of computers somewhere in cyberspace.In any case, there will be the other Mannings and other Assanges. You cannot uninvent the technology for copying a State Department’s worth of cables and carti ng them pretty much anywhere. The only remedy is to manage secrets better. The damage that America’s diplomatic service has suffered is partly the result of sloppy practices. It has now tightened access to the e-mails and the scope to copy them. Sensitive information will have to receive a higher classification.On reading diplomats’ dissembling, people may be tempted to sneer. In fact diplomacy’s never-ending private conversation ultimately helps see off war and strife. That conversation will continue. Too many people have too much to gain for it to stop. But it will be less rich, less clear and therefore probably less useful. WikiLeaks claims to want to make the world a better place. It will probably do the reverse.6.Which of the following statements can NOT be learned from the first paragraph?A.Few people think governments tend to abuse their powers of secrecy.B.Ordinary people generally approve of the transparency in the media.C.The journalism has the responsibility to make known the hidden truth.D.The judicature has the duty to maintain the security of the press.7.According to the passage, which is NOT the viewpoint of the author?A.WikiLeaks has released much more information than imagined.B.WikiLeaks has overstepped jurisdiction.C.WikiLeaks has changed the practice of diplomacy in the world.D.WikiLeaks has ushered in a new era in the press.8.Why did the author say in Paragraph 3 that “Italy’s aging prime minister willsurprise no one”?A.No one is interested in leaders’ affairs.B.There have been too many such revelations.C.People have already known the stuff.D.No one believes in the truth of this revelation.9.What is the way to prevent the leak of top secrets?A.To ban WikiLeaks.B.To raise the safety of secrets.C.To change the working environment and practice.D.To remind governments of the threat from WikiLeaks.10.What is the author’s attitude towards WikiLeaks?A.PositiveB. DisapprovalC. ObjectiveD. CynicalPassage ThreeTo many developers of technologies that affect public health or the environment, “risk communication” means persuading the public that the potential risks of such technologies are small and should be ignored. Those who communicate risks in this way seem to believe that lay people do not understand the actual nature of technological risk, and they can cite studies asserting that although people apparently ignore mundane hazards that pose significant danger, they get upset about exotic hazards that pose little chance of death or injury. Because some risk communicators take this pe rsuasive stance, many lay people see “risk communication” as a euphemism for brainwashing done by experts.Since, however, the goal of risk communication should be to enable people to make informed decisions about technological risks, a clear understanding about how the public perceives risk is needed. Lay people’s definitions of “risk” are more likely to reflect subjective ethical concerns than are experts’ definitions. Lay people, for example, tend to perceive a small risk to children as more significant than a large risk to consenting adults who benefit from the risk-cheating technology. However, if asked to rank hazards by the number of annual fatalities, without reference to ethical judgments, lay people provide quite reasonable estimates, demonstrating that they have substantial knowledge about many risks. Although some studies claim to demonstrate that lay people have inappropriate concerns about exotic hazards, these studies often use questionable methods, such as asking lay people to rank risks that are hard to compare. In contrast, a recent study showed that when lay people were given the necessary facts and time, they understood the specific risks of electromagnetic fields produced by high-voltage power transmission well enough to make informed decisions.Risk communication should therefore be based on the principle that people process new information in the context of their existing beliefs. If people know nothing about a topic, they will find messages about that topic incomprehensible. If they have erroneous beliefs, they are likely to misconstrue the messages. Thus, communicators need to know the nature and extent of recipients’ knowledge and beliefs in order to design messages that will not be dismissed or misinterpreted. This need was demonstr ated in a research project concerning the public’s level of knowledge about risks posed by the presence of radon in the home. Researchers used open-ended interviews and questionnaires to determine what information should be included in their brochure on ra don. Subjects who read the researchers’ brochure performed significantly better in understanding radon risks than did a control group who read a brochure that was written using a different approach by a government agency. Thus, careful preparation can help risk communicators to produce balanced material that tells people what they need to know to make decisions about technological risks.11.Which of the following best expresses the main point of the passage?A.Risk communicators are addressing the proliferation of complex technologiesthat have increasing impact on public health and safety.B.Risk communicators should assess lay people’s understanding of technologiesto give them the information they need to make reasonable decisions.C.Experts who want to communicate to the public about the possible risks ofcomplex technologies must simplify the message to make it understandable.y people can be unduly influenced by subjective concerns when makingdecisions about technological risks.12.The author of the passage would be most likely to agree that the primary purposeof risk communication should be to ______.A.explain rather than to persuadeB.promote rather than to justifyC.influence experts rather than to influence lay peopleD.allay people’s fears about mundane hazards rather than exotic hazards13.According to the passage, when risk communicators attempt to communicate withlay people who have mistaken ideas about a particular technology, the latter probably ______.A.only partially revise their ideas on the basis of the new informationB.ignore any communication about a technology they consider potentiallydangerousC.interpret the communication differently that the risk communicator hadintendedD.misunderstand the new information and distort it when communicating toother lay people14.It can be inferred that the author of the passage would be more likely than the riskcommunicators discussed in the first paragraph to emphasize ______.y people’s tendency to become alarmed about technologies they find strangey people’s tendency to compare risks experts would not think comparableC.the need for lay people to adopt scientists’ advice about technological riskD.the impact of lay people’s value systems on their perceptions of risk15.According to the passage, which one of the following about risk communicationdo many lay people believe?A.It focuses excessively on mundane hazards.B.It is a tool used to manipulate the public.C.It is a major cause of inaccuracies in public knowledge about science.D.It most often functions to help people make informed decisions.Section IIDirections: Read the following passage and then answer in COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which follow the passage. Write your answers in thecorresponding space in your answer sheet.Passage FourIf you want to see what it takes to set up an entirely new financial center (and what is best avoided), head for Dubai. This tiny, sun-baked patch of sand in the midst of a war-torn and isolated region started with few advantages other than a long tradition as a hub for Middle Eastern trade routes.But over the past few years Dubai had built a new financial center from nothing. Dozens of the world’s leading financial institutions have opened offices in its new financial district, hoping to grab a portion of the $2 trillion-plus investment from the Gulf. Some say there is more hype than business, but few big firms are willing to risk missing out.Dealmaking in Dubai centers around The Gate, a cube-shaped structure at the heart of the Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC). A brainchild of the ruling al-Maktoum family, the DIFC is a tax-free zone for wholesale financial services. Firms licensed for it are not approved to serve the local financial market. The DIFC aims to become the leading wholesale financial centre in the Gulf, offering one-stop shopping for everything from stocks to sukuk bonds, investment banking and insurance. In August the Dubai bourse made a bid for a big stake in OMX, a Scandinavian exchange operator that also sells trading technology to many of the world’s exchanges.Dubai may have generated the biggest splash thus far, but much of the Gulf region has seen a surge of activity in recent years. Record flows of petrodollars have enabled governments in the area to spend billions on infrastructure projects and development. Personal wealth too is growing rapidly.Qatar, Bahrain and Abu Dhabi also have big aspirations for their financial hubs, though they keep a lower profile than Dubai. They, too, are trying to learn from more established financial centers what they must do to achieve the magic mix of transparent regulation, good infrastructure and low or no taxes. Some of the fiercest competition between them is for talent. Most English-speaking professionals have to be imported.Each of the Gulf hubs, though, has its own distinct characteristics. Abu Dhabi is trying to present itself as a more cultured, less congested alternative to neighboring Dubai, and is building a huge Guggenheim museum. Energy-rich Qatar is an important hub for infrastructure finance, with ambitions to develop further business in wealth management, private equity, retail banking and insurance. Bahrain is well established in Islamic banking, but it is facing new competition from London, Kuala Lumpur and other hubs that have caught on to Islamic finance. “If you’ve got one string to your bow and suddenly someone takes it away, you’re in trouble,” says Stuart Pearce of the Qatar Financial Center about Bahrain.Saudi Arabia, by far the biggest economy in the Gulf, is creating a cluster of its own economic zones, including King Abdullah City, which is aimed at foreign investors seeking a presence in the country. Trying to cut down on the number of“Suitcase bankers” who fly in from nearby centers rather than live in th e country, the Saudis now require firms working with them to have local business licences. Yet the bulk of the region’s money is still flowing to established financial centre in Europe, America and other parts of Asia.The financial hubs there offer lessons for aspiring centers in other parts of the developing world. Building the confidence of financial markets takes more than new skyscrapers, tax breaks and incentives. The DIFC, for instance, initially suffered from suspicions of government meddling and from a high turnover among senior executives. Trading on its stockmarket remains thin, and the government seems unwilling to float its most successful companies there. Making the desert bloom was never easy.Questions:16.What does the “surge of activity in the Gulf region” in Paragraph 4 refer to?17.What is the purpose of discussing countries as Qatar and Bahrain in Paragraph 5and 6?18.What is the implication of Stuart Pearce’s comment in Paragraph 6?19.Whom does “suitcase bankers” in Paragraph 7 refer to?20.What is the main idea of the passage and what is the author’s attitude towards theissue under discussion?III.Writing ( 30 points. 60 minutes)Weibo, micro-blog or the Chinese Twitter, ranking as the most powerful media outlet in China, has experienced its boom in the last few years, with a dramatic increase of its registration and popularity. Millions of Chinese people, from governmental officials to celebrities, rush to launch their Weibo, sharing their lives with other people online.Write a composition of about 400 words about this phenomenon and your opinion about it.11。