山东省潍坊市高二下学期期末考试试题(含解析)
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2020-2021学年山东省潍坊市高二(下)期末数学试卷一、单项选择题(共8小题,每小题5分,共40分).1.=()A.25B.35C.70D.902.某校共有学生2500人,为了解学生的身高情况,用分层抽样的方法从三个年级中抽取容量为50的样本,其中高一抽取14人,高二抽取16人,则该校高三学生人数为()A.600B.800C.1000D.12003.△AOB的斜二测直观图△A'O'B'如图所示,则△AOB的面积是()A.B.2C.2D.44.我国古典乐器一般按“八音”分为“金,石,木,革,丝,土,匏(páo),竹”,其中“金,石,木,革为打击乐器,“丝”为弹拨乐器,“土,匏,竹”为吹奏乐器,现从“金,石,土,竹,丝”中任取两种乐器,则至少有一种为吹奏乐器的取法种数为()A.5B.6C.7D.85.若一个底面半径为1的圆锥侧面展开图是一个顶角为的扇形,则该圆锥的体积为()A.πB.πC.πD.2π6.如图所示,在正四棱柱ABCD﹣A1B1C1D1中,AB=2AA1,P,Q分别是AD和BD的中点,则异面直线D1P与B1Q所成的角为()A.90°B.60°C.45°D.30°7.从正方体的八个顶点中任取3个点为顶点,恰好构成直角三角形的概率为()A.B.C.D.8.抛掷两枚质地均匀的硬币,设事件E=“第一枚硬币正面朝上”,事件F=“第二枚硬币反面朝上”,则下列结论中正确的是()A.E与F相互独立B.E与F互斥C.E与F相等D.P(E∪F)=二、多项选择题:本大题共4个小题每小题5分,共20分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,有多项符合题目要求,全部选对的得5分,选对但不全的得2分,有选错的得0分.9.设a,b为两条不重合的直线,α为一个平面,则下列说法正确的是()A.若a⊥b,b⊂α,则a⊥αB.若a⊥α,a∥b,则b⊥αC.若a∥α,b⊂α,则a∥b D.若a∥α,b⊥α,则a⊥b10.袋子中有3个黑球,2个白球,现从袋子中有放回地随机取球4次,取到白球记1分,黑球记0分,记4次取球的总分数为X,则()A.X~B(4,)B.P(X=2)=C.X的期望E(X)=D.X的方差D(X)=11.有3台车床加工同一型号零件,第1台次品率为6%,第2,3台次品率为5%,加工的零件混在一起,已知第1,2,3台车床加工的零件分别占总数的25%,30%,45%,记事件B=“任取一个零件为次品”,事件A i=“零件为第i台车床加工”(i=1,2,3),则()A.P(B|A1)=0.06B.P(A2B)=0.015C.P(B)=0.0525D.P(A1|B)=12.在矩形ABCD中,AB=2,AD=1,E为AB中点,沿DE将△ADE折起到A'DE位置(A'不在平面ABCD内),F,G分别为CA'与CD的中点在翻折过程中,下列结论正确的是()A.FG∥平面A'DEB.DE⊥平面A'AGC.存在某位置,使得A'B⊥AGD.设直线BF与平面DEBC所成的角为θ,则sinθ的最大值是三、填空题:本大题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分.13.某地区为调查该地的居民月用水量,调查了本地的10户居民的月平均用水量为:2.0,3.2,4.5,5.3,6.0,7.6,8.0,9.2,10.0,11.6,这组数据的80%分位数为.14.随机变量ξ的分布列是ξ24P a b若E(ξ)=,则D(ξ)=.15.在正三棱柱ABC﹣A1B1C1中,AB=AA1=2,点D满足,则||=.16.三棱锥S﹣ABC的顶点均在半径为4的球面上,△ABC为等边三角形且外接圆半径为2,平面SAB⊥平面ABC,则三棱锥S﹣ABC体积的最大值是.四、解答题:本大题共6小题,共70分解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤. 17.已知的展开式中各项系数之和为32.(1)求n的值;(2)求展开式中的常数项.18.某校为推进科技进校园活动,组织了一次科技知识问答竞赛,组委会抽取了100名学生参加,得到的竞赛成绩作出如图所示频率分布直方图.已知成绩在[75,80)的学生有20人.(1)求a,b的值,并估计本次竞赛学生成绩的中位数(结果保留一位小数);(2)从成绩在[65,70)与[95,100)学生中任取3人进行问卷调查.记这3名学生成绩在[95,100)内的人数为X,求X的分布列与期望.19.如图,PA是圆柱的母线,点C在以AB为直径的底面⊙O上,点D是PB的中点,点E 在上,且OE∥AC.(1)求证:DE∥平面PAC;(2)求证:平面DOE⊥平面PBC.20.共享电单车作为一种既环保又便捷的绿色交通出行工具,不仅方便市民短途出行,还可以缓解城市交通压力.A市从2016年开始将其投入运营,如表是该市年份代码x与共享单车数y(单位:万辆)的统计数据:年份20162017201820192020x12345共享单车数y(万辆)1014182326(1)经分析,y与x存在显著的线性相关性,求y关于x的线性回归方程,并预测2021年的共享单车数;(2)根据往年统计数据可知2020年每辆车的各项支出费用大致符合正态分布N(μ,σ2),μ=800,σ2=10000,支出费用在1000元及以上的单车没有利润,支出费用在[800,1000)的单车每辆车年平均利润为10元,支出费用低于800元的单车每辆车年平均利润为20元,请预测2021年总利润.参考公式和数据:=,,若随机变量X~N(μ,σ2),则P(μ﹣σ<X<μ+σ)=0.6826,P(μ﹣2σ<X<μ+2σ)=0.9544,P(μ﹣3σ<X<μ+3σ)=0.9974.21.如图,四棱柱ABCD﹣A1B1C1D1的底面ABCD为矩形,AD=2AB,M为BC中点,平面A1D1DA⊥ABCD,AA1⊥A1D且A1A=A1D.(1)证明:∠B1A1D=90°.(2)若此四棱柱的体积为2,求二面角A﹣A1B﹣M的正弦值.22.一疫苗生产单位通过验血方法检验某种疫苗产生抗体情况,需要检验血液是否有抗体.现有n(n∈N*)份血液样本,每份样本取到的可能性均等.有以下两种检验方式:(1)逐份检验,则需要检验n次;(2)混合检验,将其中k(k∈N*且k≥2)份血液样本分别取样混合在一起检验.若检验结果无抗体,则这k份的血液全无抗体,因而这k份血液样本只需检验一次就够了,若检验结果有抗体,为了明确这k份血液究竟哪几份有抗体,就要对这k份再逐份检验,此时这k份血液的检验总次数为k+1次.假设在接受检验的血液样本中,每份样本的检验结果有无抗体都是相互独立的,且每份样本有抗体的概率均为p(0<p<1).(1)假设有5份血液样本,其中只有2份血液样本有抗体,若采用逐份检验方式,求恰好经过3次检验就能把有抗体的血液样本全部检验出来的概率;(2)现取其中k(k∈N*且k≥2)份血液样本,记采用逐份检验方式,样本需要检验的总次数为ξ1,采用混合检验方式样本需要检验的总次数为ξ2.若E(ξ1)=E(ξ2),求p关于k的函数关系式p=f(k),并证明p<1﹣e.参考答案一、单项选择题(共8小题,每小题5分,共40分).1.=()A.25B.35C.70D.90【分析】由题意利用组合数公式,计算求得结果.解:=+=15+20=35,故选:B.2.某校共有学生2500人,为了解学生的身高情况,用分层抽样的方法从三个年级中抽取容量为50的样本,其中高一抽取14人,高二抽取16人,则该校高三学生人数为()A.600B.800C.1000D.1200【分析】求出抽样比例为50,根据高一、高二抽取的人数求出高三抽取的人数,即可求出该校高三学生人数.解:由题意知,抽样比例为2500÷50=50,高一抽取14人,高二抽取16人,则高三抽取50﹣14﹣16=20(人),所以该校高三学生人数有20×50=1000(人).故选:C.3.△AOB的斜二测直观图△A'O'B'如图所示,则△AOB的面积是()A.B.2C.2D.4【分析】由直观图和原图形的关系易知△AOB的底边OB以及OB上的高线,计算它的面积即可.解:由直观图和原图形的关系易知,△AOB中底边OB=2,底边OB上的高线长为4,∴△AOB的面积为S=×4×2=4.故选:D.4.我国古典乐器一般按“八音”分为“金,石,木,革,丝,土,匏(páo),竹”,其中“金,石,木,革为打击乐器,“丝”为弹拨乐器,“土,匏,竹”为吹奏乐器,现从“金,石,土,竹,丝”中任取两种乐器,则至少有一种为吹奏乐器的取法种数为()A.5B.6C.7D.8【分析】根据题意,由间接法分析:先计算全部的取法,排除其中没有吹奏乐器的取法,分析可得答案.解:根据题意,从“金,石,土,竹,丝”中,任选两种乐器,有C52=10种取法,其中没有吹奏乐器的有C32=3种,则至少有一种为吹奏乐器的取法有10﹣3=7种;故选:C.5.若一个底面半径为1的圆锥侧面展开图是一个顶角为的扇形,则该圆锥的体积为()A.πB.πC.πD.2π【分析】由已知求出圆锥的母线长,再由勾股定理求圆锥的高,代入圆锥体积公式求解.解:圆锥的底面半径r=1,设母线长为l,则,解得l=3r=3,∴圆锥的高h=,可得圆锥的体积V=.故选:B.6.如图所示,在正四棱柱ABCD﹣A1B1C1D1中,AB=2AA1,P,Q分别是AD和BD的中点,则异面直线D1P与B1Q所成的角为()A.90°B.60°C.45°D.30°【分析】以D为原点,DC为x轴,DA为y轴,DD1为z轴,建立空间直角坐标系,利用向量法求出异面直线D1P与B1Q所成的角的余弦值,即可得到它们所成的角.解:以D为原点,DCx轴,DA为y轴,DD1为z轴,建立如图所示的空间直角坐标系,设底面边长为2,则D(0,0,0),A(0,2,0),B(2,2,0),C(2,0,0),B1(2,2,1),C1(2,0,1),D1(0,0,1),因为P,Q分别是AD和BD的中点,所以P(0,1,0),Q(1,1,0),则=(0,1,﹣1),=(﹣1,﹣1,﹣1),设直线D1P与B1Q所成的角为θ,则cosθ==0,故选:A.7.从正方体的八个顶点中任取3个点为顶点,恰好构成直角三角形的概率为()A.B.C.D.【分析】本题是一个等可能事件的概率,试验发生包含的事件是从正方体的8个顶点中任取3个有种取法,即可构成的三角形有56种可能,正方体有6个表面和6个对角面,每一个面中的任意3个顶点可构成4个直角三角形,得到结果.解:由题意知本题是一个等可能事件的概率,试验发生包含的事件是从正方体的8个顶点中任取3个有=56种取法,可构成的三角形有56种可能,正方体有6个表面和6个对角面,它们都是矩形(包括正方形),每一个矩形中的任意3个顶点可构成4个直角三角形,共有12×4=48个直角三角形,故所求的概率:P=,故选:D.8.抛掷两枚质地均匀的硬币,设事件E=“第一枚硬币正面朝上”,事件F=“第二枚硬币反面朝上”,则下列结论中正确的是()A.E与F相互独立B.E与F互斥C.E与F相等D.P(E∪F)=【分析】先求出抛掷两枚质地均匀的硬币,所得的总的基本事件数,再对应各个选项逐个判断即可.解:抛掷两枚质地均匀的硬币,所得的总的基本事件数有:“两枚硬币都朝上”,“两枚硬币都朝下”,“第一枚硬币朝上,第二枚硬币朝下”,“第一枚硬币朝下,第二枚硬币朝上”,共4种情况,故事件E与事件F不互斥,也不相等,故B,C错误,A正确,且P(E)=,P(F)=,所以P(E∪F)=P(E)P(F)=,故D错误,故选:A.二、多项选择题:本大题共4个小题每小题5分,共20分。
2023年7月份山东潍坊期末检测试题高二语文(答案在最后)注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号和座号填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
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一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)现代文阅读I(本题共5小题,17分)阅读下面的文字,完成下面小题。
肥胖正在要我们的命。
世界各地的人们正在食用过多的错误食物,这为全球健康灾难打下了基础。
超过20亿人处于超重或肥胖状态,超过3.4亿5一19岁的儿童和青少年超重或肥胖,占全球这一年龄群体人口的18%,而在1975年,这个比例只有4%。
这不再是富裕世界的独有问题:超过1000万非洲儿童处于超重或肥胖状态。
高达20%的全球医疗保健支出被用于肥胖问题,包括预防和治疗肥胖或者相关疾病,比如心脏病和Ⅱ型糖尿病。
政府预算正在像腰围一样危险地膨胀。
这个无法回避的问题是高脂肪高糖分食物造成的。
我们选择这类食物的一个原因在于,它们通常比更有营养、脂肪较少的食物便宜。
另一个驱动力是味道:我们觉得这些食物比扁豆、甘蓝和芹菜更加可口。
实际上,研究表明,我们不仅认为不健康的食物更加可口,而且更喜欢吃被我们认为不健康的食物。
对抗肥胖最常见的策略是通过奖励或惩罚诱导我们回避可口的食物。
一些国家通过征收糖税以及其他管理措施激励食品制造商减少脂肪和糖分的含量。
基于自我克制的饮食计划已经发展了几十年。
父母将西兰花隐藏在意面酱中,或者承诺提供甜食奖励,以便让孩子摄入西兰花。
这些策略似乎都不太奏效。
虽然每年有数十亿美元被用在饮食计划、替代食品和泻药上,但是肥胖率仍然在持续上升。
更加成功的方法是改变我们对于低糖低脂营养食物的看法。
我们需要让好东西产生吸引力。
一系列实验展示了人类大脑在受到合适激励时多么容易改变品味。
山东省潍坊市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末考试中职英语试题第一部分:选择题1.The new technology has greatly improved the efficiency of our work,_______us more time to relax.A.leavingB.leftC.to leaveD.leave2.By the time he finished his homework,the last bus_______ already.A.had leftB.leftC.has leftD.would leave3.He pretended_______his book when the teacher came in.A.to readB.readingC.readD.having read4.Not only_______interested in the book,but also he found it very useful.A.was heB.he wasC.is heD.he is5.The book is well worth_______a second time.A.readingB.to readC.being readD.read6.It is the first time that I_______the Great Wall.A.visitB.have visitedC.visitedD.am visiting7.The book is_______easy that even a child can understand it.A.soB.suchC.tooD.very8.The doctor advised him_______more water and take some medicine.A.to drinkB.drinkingC.drinkD.drank9.The reason_______he was late was that he got stuck in a traffic jam.A.whyB.for whichC.thatD.because10.Although he is very busy,he still_______some time to do sports every day.A.sets asideB.puts awayC.takes awayD.gives up11.The novel,which was written by a young author,_______ millions of readers worldwide.A.attractsB.attractedC.has attractedD.will attract12.She is so kind that she always_______her seat to those in need on the bus.A.offersB.offeredC.is offeringD.has offered13.If it_______tomorrow,we would cancel the outdoor activity.A.rainsB.will rainC.is rainingD.rained14.The teacher asked the students to stop_______and listen to her carefully.A.to talkB.talkingC.talkD.talked15.He has been studying English for five years and now he can speak it_______a native speaker.A.likeB.asC.like aD.as a16.The bookstore is closed now.You_______have come earlier.A.shouldB.mightC.couldD.would17.It was not until he failed the exam_______he realized the importance of studying hard.A.whenB.thatC.beforeD.after18.He is always the first one_______to school every morning.A.to arriveB.arrivingC.arrivedD.arrive19.The Internet has made it possible for people_______with each other easily all over the world.municatemunicatingC.to communicatemunicated20.I don't know if he_______here tomorrow.If he_______,I'll tell him about it.es;comesB.will come;comeses;will comeD.will come;will come第二部分:英语知识运用(共两节,满分45分)第一节:单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
山东省潍坊市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末测试化学试题一、单选题1.我国古代和现代的科技成就为人类文明进步做出了巨大贡献。
下列叙述中涉及氧化还原反应的是A .中国科学家屠呦呦带领团队用乙醚萃取法提取青蒿素B .唐代出现的竹纸工艺是将竹料拌入石灰水,经蒸煮、舂臼、荡料、覆压和焙干造纸C .中国科学家取得颠覆性突破,成功将CO 2人工合成淀粉D .山东潍坊纯碱厂用侯氏制碱法制得高质量纯碱2.下列图示实验中,仪器选择正确、操作规范的是A .AB .BC .CD .D3.物质性质决定用途。
下列性质与用途不具有对应关系的是A .Na 2O 2能与CO 2反应生成O 2,可用于防毒面具B .纳米Fe 3O 4能与酸反应,可用作铁磁性材料C .聚合硫酸铁能水解并形成胶体,可用于净水D .碳酸氢钠受热分解产生CO 2,可用作单一膨松剂4.下列离子方程式书写错误的是A .钠与水反应:22Na H O Na OH H +-+=++↑B .CuSO 4溶液中加入2222424Ba(OH):Cu SO Ba2OH Cu(OH)BaSO +-+-+++=↓+↓ C .FeCl 3溶液腐蚀铜电路板:3222Fe Cu 2Fe Cu ++++=+D .NaOH 溶液中通入氯气:22Cl 2OH Cl ClO H O ---+=++5.下列关于物质鉴别或检验的叙述正确的是A .用石灰水鉴别Na 2CO 3和NaHCO 3溶液B .向某溶液中加入AgNO 3溶液,产生白色沉淀,则该溶液中一定有Cl -C .通过焰色反应鉴别KNO 3和NaCl 固体D .向某溶液中滴加过量盐酸,产生能使澄清石灰水变浑浊的气体,则该溶液中一定存在23CO -或3HCO -6.设A N 为阿伏加德罗常数的值。
下列说法正确的是A .标准状况下,22.4 L CO 2含有的氧原子数为A 2NB .16.25g FeCl 3水解形成的Fe(OH)3胶体粒子数为A 0.1NC .100 mL 0.2 mol·L -1醋酸溶液中含有的H +数为A 0.02ND .2 mol SO 2与1 mol O 2在密闭容器中充分反应后的气体分子总数为A 2N7.火箭推进剂发生反应的化学方程式为:28224222C H N 2N O 2CO 4H O 3N +=↑+↑+↑(C 2H 8N 2中C 、N 元素的化合价相等)。
2022届山东省潍坊市高二第二学期数学期末学业水平测试试题一、单选题(本题包括12个小题,每小题35,共60分.每小题只有一个选项符合题意) 1.函数sin ln ||=+y x x 在区间[3,3]-的图像大致为( ).A .B .C .D .2.通过随机询问110名性别不同的大学生是否爱好体育,得到如下的列联表:由公式算得:K 2=()()()()()2n ad bc a b c d a c b d -++++≈7.8.附表:参照附表,得到的正确结论是( )A .有99%以上的把握认为“爱好体育运动与性别有关”B .有99%以上的把握认为“爱好体育运动与性别无关”C .在犯错误的概率不超过0.1%的前提下,认为“爱好体育运动与性别有关”D .在犯错误的概率不超过0.1%的前提下,认为“爱好体育运动与性别无关” 3.若某几何体的三视图如图所示,则此几何体的体积等于A .24B .30C .10D .604.用数学归纳法证明:()111112331n n n N n ++++⋯+<∈>-,时,在第二步证明从n k =到1n k =+成立时,左边增加的项数是( ) A .23k ⨯B .3kC .13k +D .15.已知定义在R 上的奇函数,满足(2)()0f x f x -+=,当(]0,1x ∈时,2()log f x x =-,若函数()()()sin π=-F x f x x ,在区间[]1-,m 上有10个零点,则m 的取值范围是( ) A .[)3.54,B .(]3.5,4C .(]5,5.5D .[)55.5, 6.从5个中国人、4个美国人、3个日本人中各选一人的选法有( ) A .12种B .24种C .48种D .60种7.箱子中有标号为1,2,3,4,5,6且大小、形状完全相同的6个球,从箱子中一次摸出两个球,记下号码并放回,如果两球号码之积是4的倍数,则获奖.若有4人参与摸奖,则恰好有3人获奖的概率为( ) A .B .C .D .8.设211()22()x x f x x x e e --=-+-+,则使得(1)(22)f x f x +<-的x 的取值范围是( ) A .(,1)(3,)-∞+∞U B .(1,3)C .1(,)(1,)3-∞⋃+∞ D .1(,1)39.观察下列各式:1234577749734372401,716807,=====L ,,,,则20197的末尾两位数字为( ) A .49B .43C .07D .0110.设α、β是两个不同的平面,m 、n 是两条不同的直线,有下列命题: ①如果m n ⊥,m α⊥,//n β,那么αβ⊥; ②如果m α⊥,//n α,那么m n ⊥; ③如果//αβ,m α⊂,那么//m β;④如果平面α内有不共线的三点到平面β的距离相等,那么//αβ; 其中正确的命题是( )A .①②B .②③C .②④D .②③④11.某四棱锥的三视图如图所示,在此四棱锥的侧面中,直角三角形的个数为A .1B .2C .3D .412.方程22123x y m m +=-+表示双曲线的一个充分不必要条件是( )A .-3<m <0B .-3<m <2C .-3<m <4D .-1<m <3二、填空题(本题包括4个小题,每小题5分,共20分)13.在正方体1111ABCD A B C D -中,已知M 为11A B 的中点,则异面直线AM 与1B C 所成角的余弦值为______.14.定义在R 上的函数()f x 满足()()f x f x -=,且当0x ≥21,01,()22,1,xx x f x x ⎧-+≤<=⎨-≥⎩ 若任意的[],1x m m ∈+,不等式(1)()f x f x m -≤+恒成立,则实数m 的最大值是 ____________ 15.某人有4种颜色的灯泡(每种颜色的灯泡足够多),要在如图所示的6个点A 、B 、C 、A 1、、B 1、C 1上各装一个灯泡,要求同一条线段两端的灯泡不同色,则每种颜色的灯泡都至少用一个的安装方法共有种(用数字作答).16.已知矩阵1002A -⎡⎤=⎢⎥⎣⎦,1206B ⎡⎤=⎢⎥⎣⎦,则矩阵1A B -=________. 三、解答题(本题包括6个小题,共70分)17.为调查某小区居民的“幸福度”.现从所有居民中随机抽取16名,如图所示的茎叶图记录了他们的幸福度分数(以小数点前的一位数字为茎,小数点后的一位数字为叶),若幸福度分数不低于8.5分,则称该人的幸福度为“幸福”.(1)求从这16人中随机选取3人,至少有2人为“幸福”的概率;(2)以这16人的样本数据来估计整个小区的总体数据,若从该小区(人数很多)任选3人,记ξ表示抽到“幸福”的人数,求ξ的分布列及数学期望和方差.18.为促进全面健身运动,某地跑步团体对本团内的跑友每周的跑步千米数进行统计,随机抽取的100名跑友,分别统计他们一周跑步的千米数,并绘制了如图频率分布直方图.(1)由频率分布直方图计算跑步千米数不小于70千米的人数; (2)已知跑步千米数在[20,30)的人数是跑步千米数在[60,70)的110,跑步千米数在[40,50)的人数是跑步千米数在[50,60)的12,现在从跑步千米数在[20,40)的跑友中抽取3名代表发言,用ξ表示所选的3人中跑步千米数在[20,30)的人数,求ξ的分布列及数学期望.19.(6分)在四棱锥S ABCD -中,//AD BC ,AC BC ⊥,222AC SD AD BC SC ====,E 为棱SC 上一点(不包括端点),且满足AE AD ⊥.(1)求证:平面SAC ⊥平面ABCD ;(2)F 为SD 的中点,求二面角F AC B --的余弦值的大小. 20.(6分)在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,曲线C 的参数方程为3cos 1sin x r y r ϕϕ⎧=+⎪⎨=+⎪⎩(0r >,ϕ为参数),以坐标原点O 为极点,x 轴正半轴为极轴建立极坐标系,直线l 的极坐标方程为cos()106πρθ++=.若直线l 与曲线C 相切.(1)求曲线C 的极坐标方程;(2)在曲线C 上任取两点M ,N ,该两点与原点O 构成MON ∆,且满足6MON π∠=,求MON ∆面积的最大值.21.(6分)在锐角ABC ∆中,内角A ,B ,C 的对边分别为a ,b ,c ,且32sin a b A =. (1)求角B 的大小; (2)若7b =,5a c +=,求ABC ∆的面积.22.(8分)已知函数,且曲线()y f x =在点()()1,1f 处的切线方程为1y x =-.(1)求实数,m n 的值及函数()f x 的最大值; (2)证明:对任意的.参考答案一、单选题(本题包括12个小题,每小题35,共60分.每小题只有一个选项符合题意) 1.A 【解析】分析:判断()f x 的奇偶性,在(0,1)上的单调性,计算()1f 的值,结合选项即可得出答案. 详解:设()sin ln f x x x =+,当0x > 时,()()1sin ln cos f x x x f x x x=+⇒=+', 当(0,1)x ∈时,()0f x '>,即函数()f x 在(0,1)上为单调递增函数,排除B ; 由当1x =时,()1sin10f =>,排除D ;因为()()()sin()ln sin ln f x x x f x x x f x -=-+-==-+≠±, 所以函数()f x 为非奇非偶函数,排除C ,故选A.点睛:本题主要考查了函数图象的识别,其中解答中涉及到函数的单调性、函数的奇偶性和函数值的应用,试题有一定综合性,属于中档试题,着重考查了分析问题和解答问题的能力. 2.A 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】22110(40302020)7.860506050k ⨯⨯-⨯=≈⨯⨯⨯27.8 6.635K ≈> ,则有99%以上的把握认为“爱好体育运动与性别有关”. 本题选择A 选项.点睛:独立性检验得出的结论是带有概率性质的,只能说结论成立的概率有多大,而不能完全肯定一个结论,因此才出现了临界值表,在分析问题时一定要注意这点,不可对某个问题下确定性结论,否则就可能对统计计算的结果作出错误的解释. 3.A 【解析】 【分析】根据几何体的三视图得出该几何体是三棱柱去掉一个三棱锥所得的几何体,结合三视图的数据,求出它的体积. 【详解】根据几何体的三视图,得该几何体是三棱柱截去一个三棱锥后所剩几何体 几何体是底面为边长为的三角形,高为的三棱柱被平面截得的,如图所示:由题意:原三棱柱体积为:截掉的三棱锥体积为:所以该几何体的体积为:本题正确选项:【点睛】本题考查的知识点是由三视图求体积和表面积,解决本题的关键是得到该几何体的形状. 4.A 【解析】 【分析】先求出n=k+1时左边最后的一项,再求左边增加的项数. 【详解】n=k+1时左边最后的一项为1131k +-,n=k 时左边最后一项为131k -, 所以左边增加的项数为1313123k k k +--+=⋅. 故选:A 【点睛】本题主要考查数学归纳法,意在考查学生对该知识的理解掌握水平. 5.A 【解析】 【分析】由()()20f x f x -+=得出函数()y f x =的图象关于点()1,0成中心对称以及函数()y f x =的周期为2,由函数()y f x =为奇函数得出()00f =,并由周期性得出()2f =()40f =,然后作出函数()y f x =与函数()sin y x π=的图象,列举前10个交点的横坐标,结合第11个交点的横坐标得出实数m 的取值范围. 【详解】由()()20f x f x -+=可知函数()y f x =的图象关于点()1,0成中心对称, 且()()()2f x f x f x -=-=-,所以,()()2f x f x +=, 所以,函数()y f x =的周期为2,由于函数()y f x =为奇函数,则()00f =,则()()240f f ==, 作出函数()y f x =与函数()sin y x π=的图象如下图所示:211log 122f ⎛⎫=-= ⎪⎝⎭Q ,则11122f f ⎛⎫⎛⎫-=-=- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭, 于是得出7311222f f f ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫==-=- ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭,51122f f ⎛⎫⎛⎫== ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭, 由图象可知,函数()y f x =与函数()sin y x π=在区间[]1,m -上从左到右10个交点的横坐标分别为1-、12-、0、12、1、32、2、52、3、72,第11个交点的横坐标为4,因此,实数m 的取值范围是[)3.5,4,故选A . 【点睛】本题考查方程的根与函数的零点个数问题,一般这类问题转化为两个函数图象的交点个数问题,在画函数的图象时,要注意函数的奇偶性、对称性、周期性对函数图象的影响,属于难题. 6.D 【解析】 【分析】直接根据乘法原理得到答案. 【详解】根据乘法原理,一共有54360⨯⨯=种选法. 故选:D . 【点睛】本题考查了乘法原理,属于简单题. 7.B 【解析】获奖的概率为 ,记获奖的人数为 , ,所以4人中恰好有3人获奖的概率为,故选B.8.B 【解析】分析:根据题意,由函数f (x )的解析式分析可得函数f (x )的图象关于直线x=1对称,当x ≥1时,对函数f (x )求导分析可得函数f (x )在[1,+∞)上为减函数,则原不等式变形可得f (|x|)<f (|2x ﹣3|),结合单调性可得|x|>|2x ﹣3|,解可得x 的取值范围,即可得答案. 详解:根据题意,f (x )=﹣x 2+2x ﹣2(e x ﹣1+e 1﹣x )=﹣(x ﹣1)2﹣2(e x ﹣1+11x e-)+1,分析可得:y=﹣(x ﹣1)2+1与函数y=2(e x ﹣1+e 1﹣x )都关于直线x=1对称,则函数f (x )=﹣x 2+2x ﹣2(e x ﹣1+e 1﹣x )的图象关于直线x=1对称, f (x )=﹣x 2+2x ﹣2(e x ﹣1+e 1﹣x ), 当x ≥1时,f′(x )=﹣2x +2﹣(e x ﹣1﹣11x e-)=﹣2(x+1+e x ﹣1﹣11x e-),又由x ≥1,则有e x ﹣1≥11x e-,即e x ﹣1﹣11x e -≥0,则有f′(x )<0,即函数f (x )在[1,+∞)上为减函数,f (x+1)<f (2x ﹣2)⇒f (|x+1﹣1|)<f (|2x ﹣2﹣1|) ⇒f (|x|)<f (|2x ﹣3|)⇒|x|>|2x ﹣3|, 变形可得:x 2﹣4x+3<0, 解可得1<x <3,即不等式的解集为(1,3); 故选:B .点睛:处理抽象不等式问题,一般先利用函数的奇偶性得出区间上的单调性,再利用其单调性脱去函数的符号“f”,转化为考查函数的单调性的问题或解不等式(组)的问题,若()f x 为偶函数,则()()()f x f x f x =-= ,若函数是奇函数,则()()f x f x -=-.9.B 【解析】 【分析】通过观察前几项,发现末尾两位数分别为49、43、01、07,以4为周期重复出现,由此即可推出20197的末尾两位数字。
2022-2023学年山东省潍坊市高二(下)期末生物试卷(含解析)2022-2023学年山东省潍坊市高二(下)期末生物试卷学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑;如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后,本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
1. 下列事实或证据中,不支持细胞是生命活动的基本单位的是()A. 草履虫是单细胞生物,能进行运动和分裂B. 离体的叶绿体在一定的条件下能释放氧气C. 用手抓握物体需要一系列神经细胞和肌肉细胞的协调配合D. 人体发育离不开细胞的分裂和分化2. 水绵是一种丝状绿藻,而微囊藻属于蓝细菌,具有类似于类囊体的光合片层结构。
二者大量繁殖均能引发水华。
下列说法正确的是()A. 水绵为低等植物,与微囊藻的区别之一是有中心体B. 水绵和微囊藻的细胞核中都有核酸-蛋白质复合物C. 微囊藻的光合片层结构可完成光合作用全部过程D. 水华是由淡水中的N、P元素经生物富集作用引发的3. 某实验小组将生长在低温和常温环境下的油菜根尖成熟区分别制成提取液,并用斐林试剂检测,结果发现:低温组和常温组都出现砖红色沉淀,但低温组颜色明显加深。
下列说法错误的是()A. 低温处理后成熟区细胞中结合水含量升高B. 用斐林试剂可以定量检测提取液中还原糖的含量C. 使用斐林试剂时,需现用现配,水浴加热D. 低温下成熟区细胞还原糖含量升高以增强吸水能力4. 水和无机盐是细胞的重要组成成分。
下列说法错误的是()A. 水和无机盐都参与血液中缓冲体系的形成B. 细胞内的自由水和结合水都是良好的溶剂C. 水有较高的比热容,有利于维持细胞温度相对稳定D. 水和无机盐都承担构建细胞的功能5. 环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)是由ATP脱去2个磷酸基团后环化而成的一种细胞内的信号分子,其对哺乳动物初级卵母细胞完成减数分裂Ⅰ有抑制作用,机理如图所示。
2020-2021学年山东省潍坊市高二(下)期末英语试卷一、阅读理解(本大题共15小题,共37.5分)AAs the popularity of hiking vacations grows ,scores of walkers have discovered hiking over trails(路线)sparks an instant connection with the land.This interaction with nature also provides fantastic exercise,combining sightseeing and workouts into one.Inca Trail,PeruThe four-day,27-mile trail starts outside the tiny town of Ollantaytambo and winds through a number of passes in the Andes Alone the way the trail passes nearly a dozen archaeological sites that serve as evidence of the Inca culture.Cape Scott Trail,British ColumbiaThe new five-day,36-mile Cape Scott Trail begins gradually.From the trailhead at Cape Scott Provincial Park,the trail follows an old settler's road along a stream.The highlights of this hike are its river crossings.Hikers must pull themselves across the cable-car crossings for both water ways,an effort that leaves shoulders suffering pain from overuse.Still,the thrill of crossing wilderness rivers is hard to get anywhere in life.Skeleton Gorge(峡谷),South AfricaThe three-day trail through Skeleton Gorge is absolutely a natural feast to the eyes.The trail begins just outside Kirstenbosch,one of eight National Botanical Gardens in thecountry.Starting at Cecilia Forest,the trail is flat for the first section,and then climbs steeply into the gorge.This second part of the hike is tricky,with two ladders and loose river stones to negotiate as the peak comes into view.Larapinta Trail,AustraliaAustralia's Larapinta Trail,a 130-mile hike across the northern desert of the island continent,is divided into 12 sections,each of which can be completed in 1 or 2 days.Each section is accessible by off-road vehicle.The route itself passes some of the most spectacular natural features:Simpsons Gap,Ellery Creek Big Hole,Ormiston Gorge and Glen Helen.1.Which trail takes the longest time?______A. Inca Trail,Peru.B. Larapinta Trail,Australia.C. Skeleton Gorge,South Africa.D. Cape Scott Trail,British Columbia.2.What attracts hikers most about Cape Scott Trail,British Columbia?______A. Little effort to complete it.B. An old settler's road of exploring.C. Great pleasure to swim in the stream.D. A unique experience of crossing rivers.3.What do Skeleton Gorge and Larapinta Trail have in common?______A. Various natural features.B. Different botanical gardens.C. Wonderful desert scenery.D. Convenient off-road vehicles.BCraig grew up on "a gentleman's farm" in Colorado with horses,cows,and chickens.When he was 18,Craig was already running some of the businesses.He planned to earn a business degree in college,but on a fateful trip to Florida,he visited a friend who worked as a grounds-keeper at a zoo. "I just wanted to say hi,but he showed me around,and in the back,I saw lions and tigers in these cages that were so small that you wouldn't want to keep a dog in them," he says.The animals were surplus(过剩)and would likely be euthanized(使安乐死).When a sad Craig returned to Colorado,he called the Denver Zoo about taking the animals,but Denver's zookeepers also had a surplus.Then it occurred to him:Perhaps he could bring the animals to the family farm.He was only 19,but he studied local regulations and formed a nonprofit organization.He next wrote zoos nationwide offering to help if they planned to euthanize animals.After about five years,he bought a second,larger property before moving to the shelter's current location northeast of Denver.The goal,he says,is to provide the animals with plentiful space and to treat them with dignity and respect. "We have prides of lions that live together,just like they would in the wild," he says. "They're wandering free and playing and doing what they want.We just give them medical care and food."Craig opened the shelter to visitors in 2002.Although he was originally unwilling,Craig now sees it as an opportunity to educate more people. "We want the public to know,if they hear about some guy driving around in his Ferrari with a tiger or a lion,they should say,What are you doing?That animal is going to end up dead or in some dirty roadside zoo." The shelter receives 150,000 guests a year.Given his goal of treating the animals with respect-the shelterprohibits feeding and hands-on human contact -visitors observe the animals from a30-foot-high,1.5-mile-long elevated walkway.4.What made Craig decide to help animals?______A. The need to run his farm.B. The influence from his friend.C. The concern for animals to be euthanized.D. The plan to earn a business degree from a college.5.Why did Craig pay for a larger property?______A. To draw visitors.B. To play with animals.C. To live a comfortable life.D. To offer animals more space.6.How do visitors observe the animals in the shelter?______A. By riding a car.B. By taking an elevator.C. Through contact with animals.D. From the passage above the ground.7.Which of the following best describes Craig's work in the animal shelter?______A. Admirable.B. Well-paid.C. Boring.D. Appealing.CAristotle was among the first thinkers to become interested in the red snow on Mount Parnassus in the 4th century BC.The Greek philosopher owed the colour to hairy worms living in freezing conditions at high altitude.The phenomenon has puzzled scientists ever since.Now a team of French researchers find that snow is getting redder all the time.The red is indeed produced by organisms in the snow -not by hairy worms,but by microalgae (微藻类)that inhabit ecosystems up to 3,000 metres above sea level.The microalgae that are green and invisible in the winter become loaded with pigments(色素)in the summer which protect them from the sun,turning the snow reddish.It's when the sun's rays become strong that the microalgae create a protective layer of red molecules(分子)that are like a sun cream. The researchers say on their website, "The appearance of 'red snows' seems to be more and more frequent at high altitudes,as well as in the Arctic and Antarctic regions." One explanation for the spread of red snows could be global warming,the scientists say.Microalgae capture carbon dioxide when exposed to light,turning it into organic matter and placing it at the foundation of ecosystems in soil,water and snow.With climate change,the amount of carbondioxide in the atmosphere is increasing. "It is therefore expected that certain microalgae respond positively to this increase,behaving as markers of climate change," the website says. Yet scientists are unsure about what impact the microalgae have on melting glaciers and snow.They suspect that because the red pigments absorb the heat they are accelerating environmental change. "Even if it is fantastic to see microalgae developing in the snow,one of the consequences is...the disappearance of their environment," the researchers added.8.What caused the red snow according to the Greek philosopher?______A. High altitude.B. A kind of worms.C. The microalgae.D. The freezing conditions9.Why do the microalgae turn red in the summer?______A. To generate a sun cream.B. To be loaded with pigments.C. To attract people's attention.D. To defend themselves from the sun.10.What can we learn about the red snow in paragraph 3?______A. It can contribute to global warming.B. It can indicate the rise of carbon dioxide.C. It increases carbon dioxide in ecosystems.D. It disappears from the Arctic and Antarctic regions.11.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?______A. Red snow sends a warning.B. Microalgae grow in red snow.C. Microalgae stand climate change.D. Red snow dances at high altitude.DThe U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA)has approved a debatable Alzheimer's treatment,the first that promises to slow the disease's destruction in the brain.The drug,aducanumab,is also the first new Alzheimer's treatment approved since2003.However,in 2019,aducanumab was nearly abandoned after it appeared unlikely to succeed in two clinical trials.But after reanalyzing more data,the drug's developer Biogen saw signs indicating the drug might work,and decided to pursue FDA approval.Still,today's decision concerns some doctors and scientists because they aren't convinced thatthe drug actually works.Approving a drug that's not effective would offer patients false hope,those experts argue. "This is a great day for Biogen but a dark day for the field of Alzheimer's research," says Michael Greicius,a neurologist at Stanford.Pushing forward on the " illusion of progress," he says, "will come at a cost to genuine progress in finding an effective treatment for this destructive disease."Others disagree that the evidence is slim,and are excited about having a new tool to fight a disease that has escaped an effective treatment for so long. "We have been waiting decades for this," says Maria Carrillo,an expert at the Alzheimer's Association.A drug that delays decline due to Alzheimer's promises patients "to sustain independence and to hold onto memories longer," she says.The drug targets the sticky protein—A-beta(淀粉样蛋白).Some researchers suspect that in Alzheimer's,A-beta confuses connections between nerve cells and damages braintissue,ultimately causing Alzheimer's symptoms.But that idea is still unsettled.Brain scans reveal that aducanumab is effective at reducing A-beta in the brain.What's less clear is whether this reduction comes with consistent improvements in people's quality of life.12.What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about aducanumab?______A. Its bitter failure in clinical trials.B. Its tough path to getting recognized.C. Its medical value in treating Alzheimer's.D. Its challenging process of being produced.13.What does the underlined word "illusion" in paragraph 3 mean?______A. Proof.B. Significance.C. Prospect.D. Misunderstanding.14.What is Maria Carrillo's attitude toward aducanumab?______A. Unconcerned.B. Doubtful.C. Positive.D. Intolerant.15.What can we infer from the last paragraph?______A. A-beta in human body should be removed.B. Aducanumab has potentially serious side effects.C. A-beta's decrease improves people's quality of life.D. Further tests on aducanumab need to be carried out.二、阅读七选五(本大题共5小题,共12.5分)During World War Ⅱ,Shelley Mydans and her husband Carl were captured.But despite spending two years as prisoners,both Mydanses survived and lived long and productive lives.The Mydanses' story was narrated in The Longevity(长寿)Project,a book that summarizes an 80-year study based on health data collected from 1,500 people.Its authors came to an unlikely conclusion.(1)______The Mydanses appeared to turn their experience into a source of motivation.They didn't see their stress as meaningless.(2)______ And this ability to think about the hard things we go through as ultimately beneficial seems to be important.(3)______ They are often regarded as the necessary ingredients for a long and healthy life.But these oversimplifications tend to prioritize action over attitude.While day-to-day habits matter,a person's approach to life-the way he or she reacts to hardship-is the more important side of the longevity coin.Faced with difficult times,lots of people form unhealthy habits that can be hard to kick.(4)______ Experts say one quality consistently tops the list.In terms of personality characteristics,the strongest predictor of a long life was being high on conscientiousness(认真).Conscientiousness refers to someone who is a little worried,organized and persevering in their pursuits.Being worried all the time is a problem,but a little worrying-when you're thinking ahead and working through scenarios-can help you to be better prepared.Conscientious worriers tend to put their worry to good use.(5)______ Their worrying is productive,not pointless.They tend to avoid sources of undue risk and adopt healthy habits.All of these tendencies promote a long and healthy life.A.Instead,it seemed to fuel them.B.Eat right,exercise,and avoid stress.C.They commit their time and efforts to things that matter.D.They make choices or changes in response to their concerns.E.Most people are passionate and engaged after living through wars.F.Many people who lived through hard times went on to live long lives.G.However,certain qualities' seem to safeguard some people from such habits.16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G三、完形填空(本大题共15小题,共15.0分)A few nights ago we had a light projector(投光灯)taken from our yard;it was an insignificant decoration for Christmas.But I still made a post on Nextdoor,a neighborhood website.It wasn't a(1)______ post at all.I tried to gather all the(2)______ and sympathy I could for whoever took it.In fact,many neighbors(3)______ that it was a good approach.Then,out of the blue,I got a message of someone wanting to(4)______ and introduce themselves to me.I drove up just in time and was(5)______ by Cynthia and Ken,along with their son Nikhil.Cynthia had(6)______ my post and didn't want me to lose(7)______ in humanity.To show me that there are(8)______ people in our neighborhood,they went out and (9)______ a new projector for us and gave it to us-a Christmas gift,all wrapped up(10)______ .To say that I was(11)______ to tears isn't an act.There is so much(12)______ in the world;so many remarkable human beings.Often times they are right there...so(13)______ we may not even notice them.My heart is(14)______ with love for all beings right at this moment.It's a feeling I don't want to ever(15)______ .And I owe it all to the person who took our light projector.21. A. open-minded B. new-fashioned C. mean-spirited D. high-leveled22. A. freedom B. fantasy C. guilt D. love23. A. commented B. anticipated C. reconsidered D. prayed24. A. calm down B. come over C. sign up D. give away25. A. selected B. spotted C. approached D. mentioned26. A. read B. recorded C. left D. assessed27. A. interest B. faith C. judgment D. imagination28. A. influential B. considerate C. capable D. dynamic29. A. purchased B. made C. booked D. designed30. A. causally B. roughly C. carefully D. respectively31. A. dedicated B. moved C. related D. exposed32. A. progress B. beauty C. relief D. pleasure33. A. close B. active C. attractive D. expert34. A. failing B. sinking C. panicking D. bursting35. A. express B. care C. keep D. lose四、语法填空(本大题共1小题,共15.0分)36.Taking time to think about your career is an essential exercise for young people.Some people know what they want to do from(1)______ young age,but many others just have a few ideas(2)______ (bounce)around in their heads.There are many free tests online,(3)______ give one a try.Getting a head start in considering your future career may help you for the rest of your life.You don't want to look back in years(4)______ (come)and say, "I wish I(5)______ (think)more about what I really wanted to be."There are many different kinds of career aptitude tests.One popular test asks theparticipants to grade their preferences for a(6)______ (various)of work tasks.Their answers are then analysed(7)______ (scientific)and divided up between six different:types of work personalities.Then,the participant is given a chart showing(8)______ (they)score for each type of work personality.(9)______ indicates the participant's overall work personality is a code made up of the top three scores.In conclusion,the secret to a good career is finding something that you are passionate(10)______ .五、书面表达(本大题共2小题,共40.0分)37.6月8日,你校举办了庆祝"世界海洋日"的宣传活动,请你就此为校英文报写一篇短文投稿,内容包括:1.活动目的;2.活动过程(设计海报、听报告等);3.活动意义。
高二物理一、单项选择题:本题共8小题,每小题3分,共24分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1. 关于以下四幅图的说法中正确的是()A. 图甲中茶叶蛋的蛋清呈灰黑色,原因是酱油的色素分子通过布朗运动到了蛋清中B. 图乙中液体内悬浮微粒的无规则运动,间接反映了液体分子的无规则运动C. 图丙中石头很难被压缩,说明组成石头的分子之间没有空隙D. 图丁为封闭容器内气体分子运动的示意图,若瓶内气体温度升高,则每个气体分子的动能都增加【答案】B【解析】【详解】A.图甲中茶叶蛋的蛋清呈灰黑色,原因是酱油的色素分子通过扩散运动到了蛋清中,故A错误;B.图乙中液体内悬浮微粒的无规则运动,间接反映了液体分子的无规则运动,故B正确;C.图丙中石头很难被压缩,是因为组成石头的分子之间空隙小,分子之间的间距变小,分子间斥力变大引起的,故C错误;D.图丁为封闭容器内气体分子运动的示意图,若瓶内气体温度升高,则气体分子的平均动能增加,但不是每个分子的动能都增加,故D错误。
故选B。
2. 如图所示为两分子间的作用力F随分子间距离r变化的图像,曲线与r轴交点的横坐标为1r,图线最低点的横坐标为2r。
若a分子固定在坐标原点,b分子与a的初始距离小于1r,某时刻b由静止释放后沿r轴r处速度变为0。
取两分子相距无穷远时分子势能为零,下列说法正确的是()运动至3A. b 运动至2r 时,速度达到最大B. b 刚释放时,两分子的分子势能小于零C. b 从释放到运动至1r 的过程中,分子势能增大D. b 从1r 运动至3r 的过程中,分子间作用力表现为引力且逐渐增大 【答案】B 【解析】【详解】A .b 运动至1r 时,分子力为零,势能最小,动能最大,速度达到最大,故A 错误;B .由题可知3r 处速度变为0,动能为零,势能为负,总能量为负,由能量守恒可知,b 刚释放时,即开始时动能为零,则两分子势能小于零,故B 正确;C .b 从释放到运动至1r 的过程中,分子力为斥力,分子力做正功,动能增大,分子势能减小,故C 错误;D .b 从1r 运动至3r 的过程中,分子间作用力表现为引力且先增大后减小,故D 错误。
满分100分,考试时间为90分钟。
相对原子质量H 1 C 12 N 14 O 16 Na 23 S 32 Fe 56 Cu 64 Br 80第I卷 (选择题,共42分)选择题(本题包括14小题,每小题3分,共42分,每小题只有一个选项符合题意。
)1.糖类,油脂和蛋白质都是人体必需的基本营养物质,下列说法中不正确的是A.淀粉、油脂和蛋白质都能发生水解反应B. 淀粉和纤维素互为同分异构体C.可以用盐析的方法分离提纯蛋白质D.氨基酸既能与盐酸反应也能与NaOH溶液反应2.下列说法正确的是A.螺戊院所有碳原一处于同一平面B.羟基的电子式为:C.顺-2-丁烯的结构简式为D.聚丙烯的链节 -CH2-CH2-CH2-3.下列各组有机物中,只用一种试剂无法鉴别的是A.苯、苯酚、己烯B.苯、甲苯、乙苯C.乙醇、甲苯、硝基苯D.乙醇、乙醛、乙酸4.下列烷烃进行取代反应后,其一氯取代物有二种不同结构的是A.(CH3)2CHCH2CH2CH3B.(CH3CH2)2CHCH3C.(CH3)3CCH2CH3D.(CH3)2CHCH(CH3)25.如图所示装置有多种用途,以下说法正确的是A.洗气装置瓶内放一定体积溶液,由a管口进气B.收集不落于水的气体瓶内充满水,由b管口进气C.非空气法收集SO2气体由a管口进气D.排空气法收集氢气由a管口进气6.一定条件下,某有机物分别与足量碳酸氢钠、钠反应,生成的气体体积比(同温同压)为11,则此有机物可能是A.CH3CH(OH)COOHB.HOOC-COOHC.CH3CH2COOHD.HOOCH2CH(OH)CH2CH2OH7.下列实验操作正确的是A.检验淀粉是否水解向淀粉溶液中加入稀硫酸并加热,然后加入银氨溶液进行银镜反应实验B.检验卤代烃中的卤元素取少量该卤代烃加入NaOH溶液并加热,冷却后加入AgNO3溶液C.制备银氨溶液将2%的稀氨水逐滴滴入2%的AgNO3溶液中,直至沉淀恰好完全溶解D.利备Cu(OH)2悬浊液:将2%的NaOH溶液4~6滴滴入2mL10%的CuSO4溶液中8.下列物质中,能发生水解反应和加成反应,但不能发生消去反应的是A.CH2=CH-CH2CH2ClB.(CH3)3CCH2OHC.CH3CHClCHOD.CH=CHCH2COOCH39.对下列装置,不添加其它仪器无法检查气密性的是10.凡有一个手性碳原子(碳原子上连有四个不同的原子或原子团)的物质定具有光学活性。