否定句翻译
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否定句的翻译1.有些句子在形式上是否定句,但实际上是肯定的意思。
The importance of the the project can hardly be ecaggerated.译:这项工程的重要性怎么夸大也不过分。
It is impossible to overestimate the value of the invention.译:这项发明的价值怎么高估也不可能过分。
2.英语否定句中否定的对象和意义需要经过分析辨清后才能正确表达。
The computer is not valuable because it is expensive.译:计算机不是因为价格贵而有价值。
We do not consider conventional PID control is outdated .译:我们认为传统的PID 控制并没用过时。
3.英语的否定句有全部和部分否定的差别。
前者no,not,nothing,none 等否定词构成,表示对全句的否定,较容易理解和翻译;后者则有all,every,both,always 等具有全体意义的词和否定词构成,只表示部分否定句。
In a thermal power plant, all the chemical energy of the coal is not converted into electric power.译:在热电站中,煤中的化学能并不全都能转化为电能。
Everything is not straightened out.译:并非每个问题都弄清楚了。
4.有些形容词或形容词短语,如:little ,few,free from ,short of 等也具有否定意义,翻译是应突出其否定的语气。
尤其注意区分little 和a little ,few和a few 的差别:little和few 通常表示否定,二a little 和a few 这通常表示可定。
英语否定句翻译一、全部否定(Complete Negation)全部否定是指将句子否定对象加以全盘、彻底地否定。
常用的全部否定词与习惯用语有:not, no, none, never,nobody, nothing,neither…nor, nowhere, no one,etc. 只要使用上述否定词,都是具有全部否定意义的句子。
翻译成中文时,一般把全部否定词照翻即可。
例:He is not a translator.他不是翻译。
This problem is so difficult that none of us can solve it.这个问题太难,我们当中没人能解决。
二、部分否定(Partial Negation)部分否定在英语句子中是对some,all,both,every,many,much,always,often等词的否定,不论否定词“ not”放在这些词的前面,还是同句中谓语一起构成否定式谓语,都属于部分否定。
可译为:“并非所有的都”;“并不全是”;“不一定总是”。
例:All that glitters is not gold. (=Not all that glitters is gold.) 闪光的东西不一定都是金子。
Both of the instruments are not precision ones. (=Not bothof the instruments are precision ones.)这两台仪器并不都是精密仪器。
从以上两例可看出,not every=some,not both=one,notalways=sometimes,not wholly=in some degree not together=somewhat.三、双重否定(Double Negation)双重否定是指两个否定词并用,否定同一个单词,或者一个否定词否定另一个否定词,其否定意义互相抵消得到肯定意义。
❝ 1. T om is not altogether satisfied with the result of the experiment.汤姆并不完全满意实验结果。
❝ 2. T om is not satisfied with result of the experiment.汤姆不满意实验结果。
❝ 3. T om is not satisfied with the result of the experiment at all.汤姆一点都不满意实验结果。
❝ 4. He did not speak clearly and correctly.他不能既讲得清楚又讲得正确。
❝ 5. Without numbers, we couldn’t build houses or cities, or make cars or ships.没有数字,我们既不能建造房子和城市,也不能制造汽车和轮船。
❝ 6. It is a wise father that knows his own child.再聪明的父亲也未必了解自己的孩子。
❝7. He has no reason to think less of himself because he is not dressed in a rich and fashionable manner.他没有理由看不起自己,虽然他没有华丽时尚的仪表。
❝8. Don’t be vain because you are good-looking.不要徒自伤悲,因为你是悦目的。
❝9. he does not work hard because he wants to earn more.❝他很用功,因为他想赚更多的钱。
❝10. she did not cry because she failed in the exam.她并没有因为考试不及格而哭泣。
❝11. I didn’t go out for walk, because it rained.我并没有因为下雨就没有去散步。
2013-03-26 11:00:14 来源:爱词霸编辑:zhouzhichao 点击:2307次英语否定句及其翻译意思否定的肯定句英语中有许多句子,形式上是肯定的,但是其意思却是否定的,这是因为英语中有许多表示否定意思的词和词组。
首先一类是所谓“准否定词,包括few, little, hardly, rarely, scarcely, barely, seldom:Few people have ever seen him get out of that house. 几乎没什么人看见他从那间屋子里出来过。
He has seen little of life.。
他不懂什么世故(没有见过什么世面)。
I can hardly read the original without a dictionary. 不借助于词典我简直看不懂原著。
People rarely see this kind of plant in blossom. 人们很少见到过(几乎没有见到过)这种植物开花。
We scarcely ever need it; take it away.我们极难得需要它(几乎用不着它);把它拿走。
需要注意的是,英语里一般都用这类“准否定词”表示“几乎不”的意思,而不说almost not.其次,英语中有许多动词含有否定的意思。
请看下列例句:The door simply refused to open.门根本就打不开。
The error of calculation escaped the accountant. 会计没有注意到这一计算错误。
He ignored the whole speech of the schoolmaster. 他根本就没有听校长的讲话。
The boy tried by every means to avoid being caught by his father. 那孩子想方设法不让父亲逮住他。
If you had come to my place, I would have told you about it.如果你那时到我这儿来,我是会告诉你的。
(这句话表示事实上的否定,意为“你没有到我这儿来,我也没有告诉你。
”It seemed as if he were trying to teach us all he knew in one class.看起来他好像想把自己所有的知识在一堂课内都教给我们。
(事实上,不可能将所有的知识在一堂课内教授)If only 与过去完成时连用时,表示同过去事实相反的主观设想,同样含有否定的意味,通常翻译成“要是……该多好啊”。
If only you had worked with great care! 你要是更仔细一些该多好啊!If only you had told me before. 要是你早告诉我就好了。
If only he hadn’t driven so fast.他没把车子开得这么快就好了。
8. 介词表示否定英语中介词的使用是相当活跃的,其中有些介词同样表达否定的意义,如from, off, of, in, without, for, above, beyond, past, out of, against, beside, 等等。
He is against the plan. 他反对这个计划。
He is out of work. 他失业了。
Good advice is above/ beyond/ without price. 好的建议是无价的。
This strange idea is beyond belief. 这种奇怪的想法令人难以置信。
I can see nothing without my glasses. 不戴眼镜我什么都看不见。
She is still in two minds. 她还没拿定主意。
I am off duty today. 我今天不值日。
否定句翻译Negative Sentencesa.not...to do...结构They do not conduct the dangerous experiment to serve their private interest but to benefit man.误: 为了他们的利益,也为了人类的利益,他们没有进行这种危险的实验。
正:他们进行这种危险的实验不是为了图私利,而是为了造福人类。
People did not shake off colonialist?s yoke [ j?uk ] 支配in order to put on hegemonist?s[ hi'gem?nist] .误: 人们没有摆脱殖民主义的束缚,是为了套上霸权主义的枷锁。
正:人们摆脱殖民主义的束缚,不是为了套上霸权主义的枷锁。
b.not...because (of )...结构We should not scamp [ sk?mp ] 大意our work because we are pressed for time or because we have our hands full.误: 我们对工作不能马马虎虎,因为我们时间很紧,工作太忙。
正:我们可不能因为时间太紧或工作太忙就对工作马马虎虎。
The seed does not complain because there are stones and turf [ t?:f ]草皮in way.误: 种子没有抱怨,因为在它的道路上有石头和草皮。
正:种子并不因为有石头和草皮挡住它的路而抱怨。
Conclusion否定转移:将意义上属于从句、次干结构(状语)的否定词转移到主句或主要动词之上。
1. 将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。
I don?t think I know you.我想我并不认识你。
I don?t believe he will come.我相信他不回来。
注意:若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。
I hope you weren?t ill.想你没有生病吧。
2. 将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。
It do esn?t seem that they know where to go.看来他们不知道往哪去。
It doesn?t appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow.看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。
3. 有时将动名词,介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。
I don?t remember having ever seen such a man.我记得从未见过这样一个人。
(not否定动名词短语having…)It?s not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street.在这里,人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。
(anyone 作主语,从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。
)4. 有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。
The ant is not gathering this for itself alone.(否定状语)蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。
He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so. (否定because状语)他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何如何,就轻信此事。
She had not been married many weeks when that man…s younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty.(否定状语many weeks)她结婚还不到几个月,这个人的弟弟就看见她了,并对她的美貌着了迷。
Don?t give up because it is diffi cult.不要因为困难就放弃。
注意:对于状语的否定转移,并非绝对,需要依据上下文及逻辑的推理来理解翻译。
Both windows are not open.误:两扇窗户都没开着。
正:两扇窗子并不都开着。
Opportunities come to all, but all are not ready for them when they do come.误: 机会是均等的,人人都有。
但是当机会真的来临时,大家都没有做好准备。
正:机会是均等的,人人都有。
但是当机会真的来临时,并非人人都已做好准备去接受它。
Conclusion部分否定:含有总括意义的代词、形容词、副词,如all, both, everyone, everything, everywhere等与否定词连用时(eg: all not/not all,只否定该词意义的一部分,称为部分否定。
一般译为“……不全是……”、“不都是”、“并非全都是……”。
1. all 的否定式:not all…(或:all…not)表示"并非都……"、"不是所有的都……“Not all men can be masters. (= All men cannot be masters.) 并非人人都能当头头。
Not all bamboo grows tall.并非所有的竹子都会长得很高。
2. both 的否定式:not…both (或:both… not) "并非两个……都……“I don't want both the books.我不是两本书都要。
Both (the) windows are not open.两扇窗子并不都开着。
3. every…的否定式:"不是每……都……"Not every book is educative. (or Every book is not educative.) 不是每本书都有教育意义的。
Not everyone likes this book.并非人人都喜欢这本书。
This flower is not seen everywhere.这花并不是随处可见的。
4. always的否定式:"并非总是(并非一直)……"He is not always so sad.他并不是一直都这样悲伤。
5. entirely, altogether, completely 和quite 的否定式:"不完全……","并非完全……"The businessman is never to be entirely trusted.不可以完全信任商人。
He felt not altogether satisfied.他并不完全满意。
I don't agree completely.我并不完全同意。
What he did was not quite proper.他做的不十分妥当。
6. all the time 的否定式:"并非一直……"、"未必老是……"A f oolish man doesn?t make a mistake all the time.笨人未必老是犯错误。
7. not…and…的否定式,被否定的往往是and后面的一部分。
He did not speak clearly and correctly.他讲得清楚但不正确。
This film is not interesting and instructive.这部电影有趣但无教育意义。
如果将and 换成or,not 对其后面的两部分就全盘否定了。
He did not speak clearly or correctly.他讲的既不清楚也不正确。
如要对上述的all, both, every, always, 以及entirely, altogether, completely, quite 和all the time 等词作完全否定,那就分别要用与之相对应的全否定词,如no, none, neither, no one, never, not (never)… a t all 等。
All of them can do it.-- None of them can do it.Both are good.--Neither is good.Everybody likes it. --Nobody likes it.He is always late. -- He is never late.We don't trust them entirely. -- We never trust them at all.He was here all the time. -- He was never here.That?s not half bad.误:那不太坏。
正:那一点也不坏。
It?s not nearly so easy as you think.误:这还没接近你所想的那么容易。
正:这远不是像你所想的那么容易。
Our proposal cannot possibly be taken into consideration and adopted.误:我们的建议不太可能被考虑与采纳。
正:我们的建议根本不会被考虑与采纳。
Conclusion完全否定not...half;not...nearly;not...possibly均表示强烈意味的完全否定,常译为“一点也不”、“根本不……”、“无论如何也没有……”、“远非”等。
Exercises in class1. Certainly I don?t teach because teaching is easy for me.当然,我之所以教书,并不是因为我觉得教书容易。
2. All that glitters is not gold.闪光的不一定都是金子。
7. It is not my opinion that he is the best man for the job.我认为他并不是做这项工作的最佳人选。
8. It is not my thought that he can finish the work within a week.我认为他不可能在一周内完成这项工作。
9. 我希望你不要违背诺言。
It is not my wish that you should break your word.当有view, wish, belief, thought, opinion等名词后接表语从句时,可以进行否定转移。