2010年北京航空航天大学翻译硕士MTI考研真题及答案解析

育明教育【温馨提示】现在很多小机构虚假宣传，育明教育咨询部建议考生一定要实地考察，并一定要查看其营业执照，或者登录工商局网站查看企业信息。

目前，众多小机构经常会非常不负责任的给考生推荐北大、清华、北外等名校，希望广大考生在选择院校和专业的时候，一定要慎重、最好是咨询有丰富经验的考研咨询师！2014年金融硕士考研参考书及教材《百科知识考点精编与真题解析》，李国正主编，光明日版出版社，2013年出版1 Translate the following terms into Chinese (15 points, 1 point each):1.Westward Movement2.the Market for Lemons3.CPI4.NASDAQ5. BRIC6. CCTV (not 中国中央电视台)7. GM crop8. IAEA9. opportunity cost10. Keynesians11. the Tories12. the State Department in Washington13. the Treasury Department of the U.S.14. protectionism15. Balance of PaymentsII Translate the following terms into English (15 points, 1 point each):1 港人治港2. 城乡信用合作社3. 可持续发展4.解放和发展生产力5.国家电网6. 存款准备金率7. 完善人民币汇率形成机制8. 中西医并重9. 突发事件应急管理机制10. 中国特色的社会主义11. 构建两岸关系和平发展框架12. 知足常乐13. 水火无情14. 厨房重地，闲人免进15. 一蹶不振III. Translate the following passages into Chinese (60 points)India's Central bank has raised interest rates in a bid to battle high inflation. The economy is growing at a brisk pace, but rising prices remain a key concern. The latest interest rate hikes announced by the Central Bank are higher than expected. The rate at which it lends to banks is up by a quarter percentage point to six per cent, while the rate at which it borrows from banks has been raised by half a percentage point to five per cent. A statement by the Central Bank said inflation remains the dominant concern. India's Finance Minister, Pranab Mukherjee supports the measure. He says, "I think it is in the right direction... Still the inflationary pressure is there in the system." It is the fifth time this year that interest rates have been raised. Interest rates began rising as the government started winding down stimulus measures put in place in 2008 to cope with the global financial slowdown. At that time interest rates had been slashed to encourage more spending by consumers. Now India's economy is growing briskly once again. But at the same time, prices have been spiraling. Even though inflation has dipped marginally in recent weeks, it is still around eight and a half percent. The rising prices are a huge worry for the government because they adversely affect poor people, who make up nearly forty per cent of the billion plus population. Opposition parties have accused it of not doing enough to rein in prices.The government hopes that raising interest rates will help bring down inflation. The government is also banking on ample monsoon rains this year to boost crop yields, and bring down the prices of food, which hit the poor particularly hard. The government's chief economic policy, Kaushik Basu says he expects inflation to taper off by March next year." But we were expecting it to be distinctly lower by the end of this fiscal year and I stay by that," Basu said. India's economy is expected to grow by nearly nine per cent this year – the world's second fastest-growing major economy after China. (377 words)IV. Translate the following passage into English (60 points)丝绸之路是公元前2世纪开始出现的一条联系中国和欧亚大陆的交通要道，由于这条道路开始时以丝绸贸易为主，所以人们便称它为丝绸之路。

2010年北京航空航天大学翻译硕士英语真题讲解Part I1-5 BABDD6-8 BAA22-25 CDCA26-30 CDBBAPart IISection A: Passage one31-35 DADDBPassage two36-40 CDDDCPassage there41-45 ACDCBSection B:1, The published aeronautical data turned out to be unreliable, the Wright brothers had to build their own wind tunnel to test airfoils and measure empirically how to lift a flying machine into the sky.2, I was impressed most by Wright brothers ' amazing perseverance and creativity. For example, when they were impressed by their flying toy 's faltering across their living room, they started reading every book and paper they could find on the still earth-bound science of human flight.When the published aeronautical data turned out to be unreliable, the Wright brothers had to build their own wind tunnel to test airfoils and measure empirically how to lift a flying machine into the sky.3, The purpose of this article is to encourage readers to follow Wright flight paths and blaze our own in the 21st century.The tone of the passage is educational and inspiring.Part III WritingTranslation and Interpreting in the Global Age写作注意事项：1，准确概括出全球化时代下口笔译的重要性，陈述自己的观点2，文章第二大部分通过相关例子证明自己的观点，一定要条理清晰3，文章最后重申一下观点。

北京航空航天大学翻译硕士考研真题，考研真题解析第二部分思想道德修养与法律基础历年分析题2015年：（1）如何理解“法治关乎国家治理，更关乎百姓福祉”？（6分）（2）为什么“全面推进依法治国，必须坚持党的领导”（4分）2014年：(1)为什么说鹦哥岭的大学生选择的是“一种有远见的生活方式”？（6分）（2）怎样看待“理想很丰满，现实很骨感”这种说法？（4分）2013年：（1）从法律角度如何理解“我无权拒绝他们入内阅读，但你有权选择离开”？（2）图书馆想乞丐和拾荒者年费开放对我们处理人际关系有何启示？（5分）2012年：（1）基于“信义兄弟”这个事例，怎样理解诚信及其道德力量？（6分）（2）在法律关系中，为什么也要坚守诚信？（4分）2011年：（1）如何理解"给人温暖就是给自己幸福"？（6分）（2）为什么说郭明义的先进事迹是"简单中的伟大"？（4分）2010年：（1）为什么文明出行“既是道德呼唤，也是法律要求”？（2）我们应如何从自身做起，构建文明的公共生活秩序？第三部分分析题必备知识点解析必备知识点1：中国梦，是中华民族的振兴之梦，也是每一个大学生的成才之梦。

中国梦让生活在这个时代的大学生与祖国人民一起共同享有人生出彩的机会，共同享有梦想成真的机会，共同享有同祖国和时代一起成长与进步的机会。

大学生如何实现中国梦？再例如，大学生在实现自己的人生理想等问题上（如就业难）往往使得大学生理想受挫。

针对这些问题，当代大学生如何理解理想与现实的关系？如何正确对待理想实现过程中的顺境与逆境？相关知识点1：辩证地看待和处理理想与现实的矛盾。

1.理想和现实存在着对立的一面，理想受现实的规定和制约，不能脱离现实而幻想未来。

理想与现实的矛盾与冲突，属于“应然”和“实然”的矛盾。

假如理想与现实完全等同，那么理想的存在就没有意义。

2．理想与现实又是统一的，理想之树深深扎根于现实的沃土之中，理想是在对现实认识的基础上发展起来的。

财教创办北大、人大、中、北外授 训营对视频集、一一保分、、小班2010 年北京航空航天大学英语翻译基础真题答案 育明教育梁老师提醒广大考生:历年考研真题资料是十分珍贵的,研究真题有利于咱们从中分析出题人的思路和心态,因为每年专业课考试不管在题型还是在内容上都有很高的相似度，考研学子们一定要重视.有什么疑问可以随时联系育明教育梁老师,我会为根据各位考生的具体情况提供更加有针对性的指导。

第一部分：将下列术语翻译成中文，并用中文简单解释（本题共 15 分，每一题 1 分） 。

1. Corpus 语料库：在语言学中，语料库指大量文本的集合，库中的文本（称为语料）通常经过整理，具有既定的格式与标记，特指计算机存储的数字化语料库。

语料库是语料库语言学研究的基础资源，也是经验主义语言研究方法的主要资源。

2. Commission 委托：把事情托付给别人或别的机构（办理）比如，当事人委托律师出庭辩护。

3. Adequacy 【语言学】①充分性(生成语法的一种选择规则，确认语法上是否达到三项标准：观察上的、描写上的和解释上的充分性)；②衡量充分性的标准(衡量语法对结构描述正确性的标准)4. Compensation 补偿：语言除了普遍性和相似性之外还有特殊性和差异性，所以在翻译时不可避免地有一些损失。

要想达到功能对等，就得对缺失的部分进行补偿，从而使两种文本读者反应相同。

5. Direct translation 直译即直接翻译，指一种与意译（翻译句子或词组意义上的）相对的翻译方式。

直译是既保持原文内容、又保持原文形式的翻译方法或翻译文字。

直译常常被用来翻译一些术语和成语 ,有时局限于一些简单句和科技术语翻译。

直译可以完全保持原作的风格和民族特色。

但直译必须具有可读性，也就是说，译品不会引起读者的误解，并且也不违反表达方式。

直译还适用于含有修辞的句子。

在某种程度上，直译不仅能保持原作的特点，而且还可使读者逐步接受原作的文学风格。

Every country with a monetary system of its own has to have some kind of market in which dealers in bills，notes，and other forms of short term credit can buy and sell. The“money market” is a set of institutions or arrangements for handling what might be called wholesale transactions in money and short term credit. The need for such facilities arises in much the same way that a similar need does in connection with the distribution of any of the products of a diversified economy to their final users at the retail level. If the retailer is to provide reasonably adequate service to his customers，he must have active contacts with others who specialize in making or handling bulk quantities of whatever is his stock in trade. The money market is made up of specialized facilities of exactly this kind. It exists for the purpose of improving the ability of the retailers of financial services—commercial banks，savings institutions，investment houses，lending agencies，and even governments—to do their job. It has little if any contact with the individuals or firms who maintain accounts with these various retailers or purchase their securitiesor borrow from them.。

2010年北京航空航天大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷(总分：40.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、名词解释(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.metonymy（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.diachronic linguistics（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.concordance（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.interlanguage（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.acronym（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.allophones（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ positionality（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 8.perlocutionary act（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 9.cohesion（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 10.contrastive analysis（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________二、简答题(总题数：10，分数：20.00)11.What are the two objectives of sociolinguistics?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 12.What are the three definitions of relevance made by Relevance Theory?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 13.What is the cognitive interpretation of image schema?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 14.What is your understanding of Systemic Functional Grammar?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 15.Summarize the characteristics of basic level categories.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 16.What makes language unique to human beings?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 17.What are the contributions made by the Prague School?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 18.How could you understand "register" in systematic functional linguistics?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 19.How would you comment on Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 20.There are two English expressions;A. I"m a student, aren"t I?B. I"m a student, amn"t I? Which is more authentic? Why?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________。

北京航空航天大学翻译硕士考研真题--百科知识解析1.7地理自然1.7.1考研真题及详解1.1935年红军长征胜利到达陕北，毛泽东写下了七律《长征>:“红军不怕远征难，万水千山只等闲。

五岭逶迤腾细浪，乌蒙镑礴走泥丸。

金沙水拍云崖暖，大渡桥横铁索寒。

更喜岷山千里雪，三军过后尽开颜。

”其中的“暖、寒、雪”，从地理学角度看，可以理解从金沙江到岷山的特点是（）。

（北航2010翻译硕士）A.日照时间渐短，雨雪天汽增多B.先后跨越热带、温带、寒带C.地势起伏大，气候垂直变化显著D.途经半干旱地区、半湿润地区、湿润地M【解析】红军长征路线如图1-1所示，从金沙江到岷山，在地理位置上是从南向北的过程，我国属北半球，由南向北日照时间渐短。

分析可知，BCD三项均不符合我国地理情况。

2.在建筑保温材料还没有普及应用的时代，从大西洋沿岸向东至俄罗斯，欧洲传统民居的墙壁厚度冇一定的变化规律。

英国南部墙厚为23厘米；德国西部墙厚为26厘米；波兰中部墙厚为51厘米；俄罗斯西部墙厚为73厘米。

该现象反映出的关系是（）。

（北航2010翻译硕士）A.文化景观与水文要素B.文化景观与地貌要素C.文化景观与气候要素D.文化景观与人文环境【解析】根据题干分析可知，从大西洋沿岸向东至俄罗斯在地理上经度不断变化，气候产生明显变化，所以墙厚度变化反映出人文景观与气候要素变化的关系。

3.美国领土居世界第儿位？（）（湖南大学2010翻译硕士〉A.第一位B.第二位C.第三位D.第四位【解析】当代世界各国领土面积排名前五位依次为：①俄罗斯1707.5;②加拿大997.1;③中国960.1；④美国936.4;⑤巴西854.7。

（单位：万平方公里）A.俄罗斯的（）这一名称不是从环绕它的砖头的颜色衍生而来，也不是从红色和共产主义之间的联系衍生而来，而是根据俄文单词KpacHalUkrasnaya)而来，意指“美丽的”，原先用于描述华西里教堂，并随后转移至邻近的广场。

2010年北京航空航天大学翻译硕士MTI考研辅导班真题答案解析各位考研的同学们，大家好！我是才思的一名学员，现在已经顺利的考上研究生，今天和大家分享一下这个专业的真题，方便大家准备考研，希望给大家一定的帮助。

基础英语·答案详解Part 1: Grammar and Vocabulary.01. The zodiac is used by astrologers to help calculate the influence of the planets on people’s lives.句义：占星家通过黄道十二宫来计算行星对人们生活的影响。

答案：B考点：词义辨析分析：A. zephyr 微风B. zodiac 黄道十二宫C. zyme 酶D. zest 热情02. It’s a haphazard timetable, Sometimes lessons happen, sometimes they don’t.句义：这是一个随机的时间表，有时有课，有时没课。

答案：A考点：词义辨析分析：A. haphazard 随意的, 无计划的B. odious 可恶的C. haughty 傲慢的D. handicapped 残废的03. The poor man’s clothes were so ragged that they couldn’t be repaired any more.句义：这个穷人的衣服破烂到无法修补。

答案：B考点：词义辨析分析：A. oozed 渗出的B. ragged 衣衫褴褛的C, mopped 擦拭的D. mocked 嘲笑的04. The actor amused the audience by mimicking some well-known people.句义：这个演员通过模仿名人来娱乐观众。

答案：D考点：词义辨析分析：A. embroidering 绣花。

2010年北京航空航天大学211翻译硕士英语真题参考答案Part Ⅰ. V ocabulary (30 points)Directions:There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C andD. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.1. The _____ is used by astrologers to help calculate the influence of the planets on people’s lives.A. zephyrB. zodiacC. zymeD. zest【答案】B2. It’s a _____ timetable. Sometimes lessons happen, sometimes they don’t.A. haphazardB. odiousC. haughtyD. handicapped【答案】A3. The poor man’s clothes were so _____ that they couldn’t be repaired any more.A. oozedB. raggedC. moppedD. mocked【答案】B4. The actor amused the audience by _____ some well-known people.A. embroideringB. riggingC. yelpingD. mimicking【答案】D5. No men was allowed to _____ on the livelihood of his neighbor.A. wadeB. invokeC. muffleD. infringe【答案】D6. The machinery had been wrecked so efficiently that police were sure it was a case of _____.A. vagabondB. sabotageC. paradoxD. tachyon【答案】B7. The island is maintained as a _____ for endangered species.8. The hunter kept the lion’s skin and head as _____.A. trophiesB. filletC. tulipD. clown【答案】A9. If you _____ something, such as food or drink, you reduce its quality or make it weaker, for example by adding water to it.A. adulterateB. moorC. vaccinateD. sue【答案】A10. The orphanage is just one of her _____ causes.A. phoneticB. philanthropicC. prevalentD. lunatic【答案】B11. Many animals display _____ instincts only while their offspring are young and helpless.A. cerebralB. imperiousC. ruefulD. maternal【答案】D12. The guests, having eaten until they were_____, now listened inattentively to the speakers.A. contradictedB. satiatedC. gripedD. trespassed【答案】B13. While she had the fever, she _____ for hours.A. ravedB. sniggeredC. titteredD. perforated【答案】A14. If you spill hot liquid on your skin it will _____ you.15. The mice _____ when the cat came.A. rambledB. lingeredC. saunteredD. scampered【答案】D16. The chimney is no longer _____ volumes of waste gas into atmosphere, as protective filters are being used.A. giving awayB. giving offC. giving inD. giving up【答案】B17. At three o’clock _____ a cold morning, he arrived here.A. inB. atC. onD. of【答案】C18. I’m sure dirty, _____?A. am IB. aren’t IC. isn’t ID. am not I【答案】B19. _____, there is no place like home, wherever you go.A. It may be humbleB. As humble it may beC. Humble it may beD. Humble as it may be【答案】D20. But for his help, I _____.A. did not succeedB. had not succeededC. should not have succeededD. have not succeeded【答案】C21. Try and calm yourself, _____ your mind will be easy again.A. and【答案】A22. The price of the real estate in this area may _____ to unexpected values, so everyone should be conscious of themaximum price that he would want to pay for a particular property.A. staggerB. stinkC. soarD. suspend【答案】C23. Contrary to popular belief, epidemics do not occur _____ after a natural disaster.A. spontaneouslyB. simultaneouslyC. homogeneouslyD. instantaneously【答案】D24. Immigration from countries and cultures that are _____ with the cultural core of this nation has been generallyprohibited.A. interiorB. invisibleC. incompatibleD. integral【答案】C25. This course is designed to help children _____ such real life situations as separation and loss.A. cope withB. settle downC. intervene inD. interfere with【答案】A26. Foreign language teachers of this university are busy designing a test of spoken English to _____ the original writtenexamination.A. contaminateB. complimentC. complementD. coordinate【答案】C27. Idlers, no matter how poor they are, are always _____ at finding reasons not to take action to improve their livingconditions.A. intrinsicB. ingeniousC. initialD. inherent【答案】BA. compensateB. contemplateC. jeopardizeD. manifest【答案】B29. Although the resistance groups do not show great military _____, they frequently penetrate deep into the interior.A. prowessB. prowlC. psalmD. psyche【答案】A30. The Great _____ in the USA is 1900 meters deep and 25 kilometers wide at its maximum.A. CanyonB. FordC. AbyssD. Quarry【答案】APart Ⅱ. Reading Comprehension (40 points)Section ADirections:There are 3 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. (30 points)Passage OneQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.“When more and more people are thrown out of work, unemployment results,” Calvin Coolidge once observed. As the U. S. economy crumbles, Coolidge’s silly maxim might appear to be as apt as ever: the number of unemployment insurance claims is rising, and overall joblessness is creeping upw ard. But in today’s vast and complex labor market, things aren’t always what they seem. More and more people are indeed losing their jobs but not necessarily because the economy appears to be in recession. And old-fashioned unemployment isn’t the inevitabl e result of job loss. New work, at less pay, often is.Call it new-wave unemployment: structural changes in the economy are overlapping the business downturn, giving joblessness a grim new twist. Small wonder that the U. S. unemployment rate is rising. Now at 5.7 percent, it is widely expected to edge toward 7 percent by the end of next year. But statistics alone can’t fully capture a complex reality. The unemployment rate has been held down by slow growth in the labor force—the number of people working or looking for work—since few people sense attractive job opportunities in a weak economy. In addition, many more people are losing their jobs than are actually ending up unemployed. Faced with hungry mouths to feed, thousands of women, for example, are taking two or more part-time positions or agreeing to shave the hours they work in service-sector jobs. For better and for worse, work in America clearly isn’t what it used to be. Now unemployment isn’t, either.Like sour old wine in new bottles, this downturn blends a little of the old and the new reflecting a decade’s worth of change in the dynamic U. S. economy. Yet, in many respects the decline is following the classic pattern, with new layoffs concentrated among blue-collar workers in the most “cyclical” in dustries, whose ups and downs track the economy most closely.As the downturn attracts attention on workers’ ill fortunes, some analysts predict that political upheaval may lie ahead. Real wages for the average U. S. worker peaked in 1973 and have been falling almost ever since. As a result, a growing group of downwardly mobile Americans could soon begin pressing policymakers to help produce better-paying31. Why does the author refer to Coolidge’s maxim as silly?A. More and more people are applying for unemployment insurance.B. Unemployment rate is not likely to rise quickly nowadays.C. Losing jobs doesn’t necessarily lead to unemployment.D. Today’s labor market is much too complicated than Coolidge’s time.32. According to the passage, the unemployment rate has been kept under limits because _____.A. the number of the people in the work force slowly increasesB. very few people really lose their original jobsC. less and less people are out finding new jobsD. the government has taken strong measures to control the unemployment rate33. According to the passage, under the great pressure of life, many women _____.A. will do a part-time job along with the full-time jobB. would rather stay at home than apply for a part-time positionC. would be fired if they cannot finish the job quicklyD. will agree to have their working hours shortened if required34. The present downturn is similar to traditional ones in that _____.A. we can never predict which way the economy will headB. the economic prospects have been unfavorable for 10 yearsC. the government has done relatively little to intervene the marketD. physical laborers are the chief victims of the economic decline35. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. Blue-collar workers are given less and less wages in recent years.B. The unemployment problem may lead to serious social problems.C. The unemployment problem will probably become less serious in no time.D. The government will create more jobs with better pay in the near future.【答案解析】31. D 由文章第一段第三句“But in today’s vast...what they seem.”可知，在当今社会造成失业人口增加的原因是复杂的。

北京航空航天大学翻译硕士考研真题，考研真题解析政治考研资料补充多选题维新派与守旧派的论战首先，要不要变法。

其次，要不要兴民权、设议院，实行君主立宪。

最后，要不要废八股、改科举和兴西学。

维新派与守旧派的这场论战，实质上是资产阶级思想与封建主义思想在中国的第一次正面交锋。

关于革命与改良的辩论：第一，要不要以革命手段推翻清王朝。

第二，要不要推翻帝制，实行共和。

第三，要不要社会革命。

分析题七：关于三次失败的革命运动的失败教训及中国共产党领导中国革命的成功1、戊戌维新运动失败的原因和教训及其意义（1）戊戌维新运动的失败，主要是由于维新派自身的局限和以慈禧太后为首的强大的守旧势力的反对。

具体为：①民族资产阶级力量弱小。

把希望寄托在一个没有实权的光绪皇帝身上。

②维新派的局限性。

a.不敢否定封建主义。

b.对帝国主义抱有幻想。

c.惧怕人民群众。

（2）戊戌维新的失败不但暴露了这个阶级的软弱性，而且再次暴露出清朝统治集团的腐朽与顽固，同时也说明在半殖民地半封建的旧中国，企图通过统治者走自上而下的改良实现国家的独立、民主、富强是根本行不通的。

（3）戊戌维新运动虽然失败了，但它在中国近代史上仍然有着重大的历史意义。

①戊戌维新运动是一次爱国救亡运动。

维新派的政治实践和思想理论，不仅贯穿着强烈的爱国主义精神，而且推动了中华民族的觉醒。

②戊戌维新运动是一场资产阶级性质的政治改革运动。

③戊戌维新运动更是一场思想启蒙运动。

2、辛亥革命失败的原因和教训及其意义（1）根本原因：辛亥革命的失败原因从根本上说，是因为在帝国主义时代，在半殖民地半封建的中国，资本主义的建国方案是行不通的。

主观原因：在于它的领导者资产阶级革命派本身存在着许多弱点和错误。

主要是：①没有提出彻底的反帝反封建的革命纲领。

②不能充分发动和依靠人民群众。

③不能建立坚强的革命政党，作为团结一切革命力量的强有力的核心。

（2）资产阶级革命派的这些弱点、错误，根源于中国民族资产阶级的软弱性和妥协性。