稠油油藏尿素辅助蒸汽驱特征研究_牛保伦
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浅析稠油油藏注氮气辅助蒸汽吞吐的应用—化工管理2016年12月浅析稠油油藏注氮气辅助蒸汽吞吐的应用—化工管理杨凯(辽河油田欢喜岭采油厂热注作业一区,辽宁盘锦124010)摘要:注氮气可以改善蒸汽吞吐效果,目前在国内新疆、辽河、胜利等油田已有应用,取得了很好的效果。
开展稠油油藏注氮气提高采收率,尤其是辽河油田,多数为稠油油藏,吞吐注蒸汽的过程中注入氮气,有效减缓稠油产量递减,本文结合其注氮适应性、作用机理、操作参数进行粗浅的探索。
关键词:辽河油田;稠油油藏;蒸汽吞吐;采收率;氮气;蒸汽;采收率目前我国已开发油田的标定采收率为32.3%,仍然有60%以上的地质储量需要采用新工艺、新方法、注入新介质进行开采,提高采收率有较大的余地。
提高采收率工作是油田开发工作者永恒的主题。
目前蒸汽吞吐使用各种助剂改善吞吐效果,助剂主要有天然气、氮气、溶剂(轻质油)及高温泡沫剂(表面活性剂),生产周期延长,吞吐采收率由15%提高到20%以上。
20世纪70年代美国和加拿大不仅开展了室内实验,而且对不同的油藏进行了注氮气开发。
89年我国开始了注氮气开发油田的实验,到90年代中期,由于膜分离制氮技术在中国的发展,为氮气在油田开采上的应用提供了有利条件。
目前辽河油田、克拉玛依稠油油藏应用广泛。
1注氮气加蒸汽吞吐提高开发效果的机理通过氮气加蒸汽注入稠油油藏,保持地层压力,延长吞吐周期,通过实践数据可使吞吐时间延长1~2个月。
原油溶气膨胀,改变饱和度分布,加快原油排出。
随着注入气量的增加,原油溶解气膨胀相当于增加了地层含油饱和度,也提高了油相的相对渗透率。
底部含油饱和度较高,溶气膨胀是注氮气提高采收率的一个重要原因。
界面张力降低可以提高驱油效率,油氮气的界面张力比油水之间的界面张力降低了近70%,有利于提高驱油效率.注氮气减小热损失,环空注氮气,可改善隔热效果,提高井底蒸汽干度,降低套管温度,保护套管。
注氮气增加波及体积,在注蒸汽的同时注入氮气,在油层中可扩大加热带。
稠油油藏注氮气辅助蒸汽吞吐技术研究与应用张志良【摘要】目前开采稠油油藏的常规方法是蒸汽吞吐,但随着吞吐轮次增加,蒸汽窜流严重,生产周期变短,开采效果变差.针对稠油油藏特点,进行了氮气辅助蒸汽吞吐机理研究.研究表明,注氮气辅助蒸汽吞吐具有维持地层压力、提高蒸汽波及体积、减少热损失和使原油膨胀的作用.以新疆九区为研究对象,应用稠油氮气辅助蒸汽吞吐技术进行现场实验并分析结果.结果表明,氮气辅助蒸汽吞吐延长了自喷生产周期,提高了井口注入压力,有效提高了油井利用率和油井生产时率.【期刊名称】《内蒙古石油化工》【年(卷),期】2012(000)019【总页数】3页(P113-115)【关键词】稠油油藏;蒸汽吞吐;氮气;机理;现场试验【作者】张志良【作者单位】长城钻探工程技术研究院,辽宁盘锦124010【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TE345我国有丰富的稠油资源,探明和控制储量已达16×108t,是继美国、加拿大和委内瑞拉之后的世界第四大稠油生产国。
我国陆上稠油资源约占石油总资源量的20%以上,探明与控制储量约为40亿t,主要分布在新疆、胜利、辽河、河南等油田。
开发稠油油藏对国民经济具有重要意义[1]。
目前开发稠油油藏的常规方法是蒸汽吞吐(驱),具有施工简单经济有效的优点,但该方法存在重力超覆引起的蒸汽在高渗层的窜流以及热损失大等问题,导致周期产油量减少、油气比降低、开采成本上升、经济效益变差。
因此,进一步提高稠油采收率是目前稠油油藏开发中亟待解决的问题[2]。
氮气是一种非凝析惰性气体,具有膨胀系数大、导热系数低的优点。
近几年快速发展的膜制氮技术使氮气的来源越来越广泛,成本越来越低廉,为油田大规模应用奠定了基础。
大量室内实验和数值模拟研究表明,蒸汽吞吐的同时注入一定数量的氮气,可以扩大蒸汽及热水带的加热体积;同时氮气的膨胀体积较大,在生产时能加速驱动地层中的原油返排,提高采液速率[3,4]。
基于以上情况,笔者针对新疆九区的地层物性,研究了注氮气辅助蒸汽吞吐工艺的机理,进行了现场试验并对试验结果进行了分析。
编号:中国石油大学(北京)现代远程教育毕业设计(论文)蒸汽辅助重力泄油技术及其在超稠油开发中的应用研究毕业设计(论文)原创性声明和使用授权说明原创性声明本人郑重承诺:所呈交的毕业设计(论文),是我个人在指导教师的指导下进行的研究工作及取得的成果。
尽我所知,除文中特别加以标注和致谢的地方外,不包含其他人或组织已经发表或公布过的研究成果,也不包含我为获得及其它教育机构的学位或学历而使用过的材料。
对本研究提供过帮助和做出过贡献的个人或集体,均已在文中作了明确的说明并表示了谢意。
作者签名:日期:指导教师签名:日期:使用授权说明本人完全了解XX大学关于收集、保存、使用毕业设计(论文)的规定,即:按照学校要求提交毕业设计(论文)的印刷本和电子版本;学校有权保存毕业设计(论文)的印刷本和电子版,并提供目录检索与阅览服务;学校可以采用影印、缩印、数字化或其它复制手段保存论文;在不以赢利为目的前提下,学校可以公布论文的部分或全部内容。
作者签名:日期:目录中文摘要 (3)第一章绪论 (4)1.1引言 (4)1.2 论文的研究现状 (5)1.3论文的主要研究内容 (6)第二章蒸汽辅助重力泄油技术理论概述 (7)2.1 SAGD的机理 (7)2.2 SAGD的特点 (8)2.3影响效果的地质参数 (8)第三章SAGD在超稠油开发中的应用 (10)3.2超稠油蒸汽吞吐生产存在的问题 (10)3.3蒸汽辅助重力泄油试验方案设计要点 (11)3.4 SAGD现场试验及效果评价 (11)第四章结论与建议 (13)后记 (14)参考文献 (15)中文摘要随着石油勘探和开发程度的深入,以及世界对石油需求量的迅速增长,稠油油藏的开发在石油开采中的地位变得愈加重要。
目前对于储量极大的超稠油油藏,常规热采技术难以取得好的开发效果。
因此,研究适用于稠油油藏特别是超稠油油藏开采的蒸汽辅助重力泄油技术(SAGD)的研究具有重要意义。
本文首先分析了论文的研究目的及SAGD的研究现状,其次介绍了SAGD的基本理论知识,最后以具体实例来研究了SAGD在在超稠油开发中的应用,具有重要的理论和工程意义。
中国石化报/2007年/11月/6日/第007版油气周刊试验结果表明,将饱和的尿素溶液注入被蒸汽加热的地层,使尿素在高温下分解成氨和二氧化碳,可以达到综合驱油的目的,该方法具有广泛的适用性和良好的发展前景尿素入地层稠油“流”起来周宏稠油是世界经济发展的重要资源,其储量约有4000亿~6000亿立方米。
我国也有着丰富的稠油资源,据不完全统计,我国稠油地质储量达16亿吨,重点分布在胜利、辽河、河南、新疆等油田。
我国对稠油油藏的研究、开发和加工已日趋成熟,并形成很大的开采规模,产量也占到了全国石油总产量的1/10。
目前,各大稠油开采油田针对其自身特点,通过引进、消化、吸收和技术创新,形成了各具特色的开采技术,取得新的进展和突破。
目前我国稠油的开采方法稠油,亦称重油或高黏度油,与稀油相比,具有比重大、黏度高、化学成分复杂等特点。
由于稠油的黏度高,难流动,故不能用常规的方法开采,但稠油的黏度对温度十分敏感,只要温度升高到8~10摄氏度时,其黏度就降低为原来的一半,故以高压饱和蒸汽注入油层,先吞后吐进行热采,就能达到良好效果,其采收率可达到40%~60%的水平。
我国上世纪80年代就着眼于稠油的研究和开发,按稠油油藏的特点,其开采方式也各有所异,但总是沿着降黏和使分子变小、变轻的方向发展。
目前,提高采收率最成功的开采方法可分两大类:一是注入流体热采或驱替型方法,如热水驱、蒸汽吞吐、蒸汽驱等;另一类是增产型开采方式,包括水平井、复合分支井、化学降黏等。
这两类技术的结合使用,已成为当今稠油开发的主要手段。
其中,胜利油田的热采、注蒸汽、化学降黏等技术,辽河油田的中深层热采稠油技术,大港油田的化学辅助吞吐技术,新疆油田的浅层稠油面积驱技术,河南油田的稠油热采技术,均处于国内领先水平。
当今,提高稠油油田采收率的主要方法有注蒸汽、层内燃烧、注热水等。
这些方法虽然有较高的增油效果,但因其能量消耗过高,投资过大,而在实际应用中受到限制。
稠油氮气泡沫调驱效果分析1. 稠油基本概况(1)稠油及分类标准①稠油:在油层条件下,粘度(不脱气)大于50mPa•s的原油或脱气粘度大于100mPa•s 的原油。
常称的重油(Heavy Oil),沥青砂(Tar Sand,Bitumen)都属于稠油范围。
②分类2. 稠油热采开发方式原油粘度(mPa•s):50~100:水驱。
100~500:水驱、非混相、泡沫。
500~10000:蒸汽吞吐(蒸汽驱、火烧油层)。
10000~100000:SAGD。
3. 国内稠油生产发展趋势(1)资源动用:扩大特稠油/超稠油储量的动用程度(2)提高稠油采收率蒸汽吞吐转蒸汽驱方式,且呈现热力复合(化学驱、气体、溶剂等)驱替方式。
热力采油和蒸汽吞吐是稠油开采的主要途径。
稠油油藏历经注蒸汽开采后的特征:(1)剩余油的流动性越来越差——稠油流体的非均相特征;(2)储层强非均质出现汽窜(负效应)——热连通逐渐加强汽窜造成热效率低,油气比低;(3)油层热效率越来越低——油层回采水率越来越低,后续注热效率低,加热范围小。
薄油层的加热效率较低,直井开采效率低。
4. 稠油注蒸汽窜流状况:蒸汽吞吐和蒸汽驱均有汽窜现象。
解决蒸汽吞吐汽窜方法:组合吞吐、调剖、改变受干扰井的工作制度或关井。
当蒸汽吞吐转蒸汽驱后,一旦出现汽窜,只能依靠调流和调驱方式。
汽窜程度、井底结构及稠油开发阶段的差异都将影响注蒸汽井调剖方法的选择。
稠油油藏提采技术:(1)热力采油改善开发效果方法;(2)热力复合驱替技术;(3)复杂结构井型热力采油技术。
一、氮气泡沫辅助蒸汽驱调驱机理与适应性:泡沫驱机理(1)泡沫体系调剖→提高波及效率(2)表活剂洗油→提高洗油效率。
泡沫发泡方式:(1)地面起泡方式(相对较1好):直接将配制好的泡沫基液(水+起泡剂)经水泥车泵注注入泡沫发生器,同时将制氮机组来氮气经增压后注入泡沫发生器,基液与氮气在泡沫发生器中混合并形成均匀泡沫液,然后经管柱到井底。
胜利油田稠油油藏蒸汽驱复合堵调技术的研究与应用曹嫣镔1, 2,刘冬青2,张仲平2,何绍群王善堂2 ,于田田1(1.中国石油大学(华东);2. 中国石化胜利油田分公司采油工艺研究院)摘要:超稠油油藏由于粘度大,蒸汽同稠油流度比差异大,蒸汽驱过程中温度场发育不均匀,汽窜严重,影响蒸汽驱的开发效果。
针对以上矛盾,在室内开展蒸汽驱汽窜控制技术研究,重点开展利用氮气泡沫与热固性堵剂相结合封堵汽窜,改善蒸汽驱的开发效果。
优化泡沫剂的配方,优化后的体系300℃阻力因子达到30以上,80℃同单56超稠油界面张力为2.6×10-2mN/m;利用双平行管对泡沫体系对蒸汽驱实施效果的影响进行研究,在此基础上确定氮气泡沫工艺最佳工艺条件。
针对渗透率超过15达西氮气泡沫封堵强度较弱的矛盾,开展热固性堵调体系优化研究,研制的热固性堵调体系初始固结温度120℃-150℃,300℃条件下在20达西模拟岩心中封堵压力梯度为5.9MPa,满足对高渗透带封堵强度。
利用双管模型优化确定最佳汽窜控制模式。
2011年在单56超稠油蒸汽驱进行现场实施,综合含水下降10%,生产井井口温度下降20℃,井组日产油量增加30吨以上,单轮次措施有效期150-200天,措施增油2700吨,改善了汽驱的开发效果。
关键词:超稠油;蒸汽驱;泡沫;热固性堵剂;汽窜;Control Steam Channeling Technology In the Steam Drive Process On SuperHeavy Oil ReservoirCao Yanbin1, 2,Liu Dongqing2,Zhang zhongping2,Wang shantang2(1.China University of Petroleum (EastChina),Shandong 257000,China;2.Shengli Oil Production Research Institute,SLOF,Sinopec,Shandong 257000,China)Abstract: In the steam drive process on super heavy oil reservoir, steam channeling led to uneven distribution of temperature field, and the development result is not satisfactory. The steam channeling control technology was studied, focusing on the use of nitrogen foam and thermoset blocking agent combination of sealing steam channeling, to improve the development of steam flooding. Optimized foam formulations, the resistance factor reached 30 or more at 300℃; and the interface tension reached 2.6 × 10-2mN / m at 80℃ between the super heavy oil of Shan-56. Using parallel tube model, the optimum conditions of nitrogen foam technology was determined. When the core permeability was more than 15 Darcynitrogen, the strength of the foam blocking agent was insufficient to block the high permeability zone .Also the thermosetting blocking agent was studied and optimized, the initial consolidation temperature was 120℃ -150℃, and for 20 Darcy analog cores block the pressure gradient was 5.9MPa at 300℃. Using parallel tube model, the best steam channeling control mode was determined. In 2011, the mode was used in the steam drive process on Shan-56 reservoir. The water cut decreased by 10%, the wellhead temperature of production well dropped more than 20℃, the oil production of the well group increased 30 tons or more, the validity of measures was up to 150-200 days, and the measures oil production increased 2700 tons. The development of steam drive was significantly improved.Key words: Super Heavy Oil Reservoir; Steam Drive; Nitrogen foam; Thermosetting blocking agent ; Steam channeling;0 引言超稠油油藏由于粘度高,流动性差,同蒸汽流度比差异大,蒸汽驱过程中极易发生汽窜,导致温度场发育不均匀,生产井综合含水上升,井口温度上升,热利用率低,这也是超稠油蒸汽驱提高采收率最大的难度所在[1]。
CO_(2)对稠油油藏的物性调控及辅助蒸汽驱提高采收率魏鸿坤;王健;许天寒;路宇豪;周娅芹;王俊衡【期刊名称】《新疆石油地质》【年(卷),期】2024(45)2【摘要】为提高稠油油藏蒸汽驱后期开发效率,聚焦“双碳”背景下CCUS-EOR(碳捕集利用和封存体系提高采收率)技术的应用,以克拉玛依油田J6区为研究对象,通过对CO_(2)作用前后的稠油四组分分析,测试饱和压力、膨胀系数、黏度和密度变化情况,探究CO_(2)对稠油物性的调控效果;通过并联岩心物理模拟实验研究CO_(2)辅助蒸汽驱提高采收率效果。
研究结果表明:稠油黏度主要受胶质和沥青质含量影响,稠油随着CO_(2)溶解气量的增加,饱和压力由2.08 MPa上升至11.11 MPa,膨胀系数总体呈上升趋势,上升7.6%;同时,黏度降低30.5%,密度减小3.5%。
表明CO_(2)在提高饱和压力的同时,通过优化膨胀系数、黏度和密度,有效改善了稠油物性。
此外,采用CO_(2)辅助蒸汽驱后,在CO_(2)溶解降黏、破乳的作用下,稠油采收率从38.55%提高至46.46%,相比纯蒸汽驱提高了7.91%。
为CO_(2)辅助蒸汽驱提高稠油采收率的应用提供了理论和实验基础,可为同类型稠油油藏提高采收率提供借鉴。
【总页数】7页(P221-227)【作者】魏鸿坤;王健;许天寒;路宇豪;周娅芹;王俊衡【作者单位】西南石油大学油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室;中国石油长庆油田分公司第一采油厂【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TE357【相关文献】1.薄互层超稠油油藏高周期吞吐后化学辅助蒸汽驱提高采收率对策研究——以泌浅10断块Ⅳ9层为例2.蒸汽驱及化学辅助蒸汽驱提高稠油采收率实验3.稠油油藏CO_(2)辅助蒸汽驱油机理实验研究4.浅层稠油油藏尿素辅助蒸汽驱提高采收率机理研究5.稠油油藏蒸汽驱中后期剩余油分布特征及提高采收率方式研究因版权原因,仅展示原文概要,查看原文内容请购买。
收稿日期:20131108;改回日期:20140116基金项目:山东省泰山学者建设工程基金(TSXZ2006-15);中石化河南油田“泌浅10断块热化学驱井网及注采参数优化研究”(G0503-09-ZS -035)作者简介:牛保伦(1984-),男,2007年毕业于中国石油大学(华东)石油工程专业,2012年毕业于该校油气井工程专业,获博士学位,同年进入中原油田博士后流动站,现主要从事注气提高采收率方面的研究工作。
DOI :10.3969/j.issn.1006-6535.2014.03.019稠油油藏尿素辅助蒸汽驱特征研究牛保伦1,林伟民1,邓瑞健1,张章2,杨昌华1(1.中石化中原油田分公司,河南濮阳457001;2.中石化中原石油工程公司,河南濮阳457001)摘要:针对BQ 区块超稠油油藏蒸汽吞吐开发末期地层压力低、回采水效率低、井间剩余油多等特点,选取尿素辅助蒸汽驱作为后续提高采收率方法。
利用数值模拟方法,建立目标油藏地质模型,分析了尿素辅助蒸汽驱油特征,揭示了其提高采收率机理及采收率的构成。
研究表明,尿素辅助蒸汽驱较蒸汽驱可提高采收率7.4%,蒸汽热效应弱的低温水区是尿素增效的重要区域。
CO 2可在蒸汽驱基础上提高采收率5.62%,而NH 3仅提高采收率0.11%,说明CO 2是尿素增产的主要贡献因素;CO 2较N 2仅提高采收率1.32%,说明CO 2增压作用高于降黏作用。
关键词:稠油油藏;蒸汽驱;尿素;数值模拟;特征;采收率中图分类号:TE345文献标识码:A文章编号:1006-6535(2014)03-0083-04引言BQ 区块油层埋深为230.0 360.6m ,地层倾角为12ʎ,有效厚度为6.2 14.4m ,孔隙度为20.6% 39.1%,渗透率为0.464 7.707μm 2,原始含油饱和度为50.0% 88.5%,油层温度下脱气原油黏度为54000mPa ·s ,为浅薄层超稠油油藏。
自1989年投入开发以来,采用蒸汽吞吐方式,平均单井吞吐8.1周期,面临地层压力低(平均压力为1.0 1.5MPa )、地下存水率高的难题,蒸汽吞吐已达到经济极限。
但目前采出程度为22%,井间存在大量剩余油,为进一步提高井间动用程度,拟采取气体辅助蒸汽驱方式以提高油藏压力、扩大波及范围。
室内研究表明,气体辅助蒸汽驱已成为稠油油藏提高采收率有效手段[1-4],但受气源及空气安全性等限制,气体辅助蒸汽驱并未大规模推广,而通过化学剂间接生成气体,可有效解决气源问题,并可通过化学反应控制气体的生成速率,进一步提高蒸汽驱开发效果。
尿素辅助蒸汽驱[5-8]是通过尿素在地层中分解产生CO 2和NH 3,间接实现气体辅助蒸汽驱油。
理论分析其驱油机理为CO 2及NH 3对稠油溶解乳化降黏作用,同时气体增加蒸汽的波及范围。
以BQ 区块油藏物性为基础,利用建立的尿素辅助蒸汽驱模型[9],分析了其驱油特征,揭示了其提高采收率机理,对于尿素辅助蒸汽驱技术的推广具有重要意义。
1油藏开发概况依据BQ 区块油藏参数,建立了4个反九点井网,其中注入井4口,生产井21口,井距为70m ˑ100m 。
建立精细地质模型后,网格粗化为45ˑ55ˑ9,步长为10m 。
在21a 蒸汽吞吐开发历史拟合基础上,模拟了蒸汽驱与尿素辅助蒸汽驱开发效果,其中尿素辅助蒸汽驱注入方式为:蒸汽预热段塞、尿素段塞、蒸汽段塞,并依此循环。
通过数值模拟方法,分析尿素辅助蒸汽驱的开发特征及采收率构成。
2尿素辅助蒸汽驱油特征2.1蒸汽预热阶段尿素的临界分解温度为150ħ,针对尿素辅助蒸汽驱技术,对近井周围油藏加热,可提高尿素的分解程度,同时降低近井周围稠油的堵塞,使后续注入的尿素更均匀推进。
通过数值模拟计算,以84特种油气藏第21卷80m3/d的注汽速度,注入温度为200ħ、井底干度为0.5的蒸汽4d后,近井周围3 4m内温度可升至150ħ以上,有助于尿素的快速分解。
2.2尿素注入阶段模拟了单周期注入30t尿素(约11200m3CO2和22400m3NH3)后,注入井周围黏度的变化情况(表1)。
数值模拟计算表明,在注入30t尿素后,注入井周围30m以内降黏率达到30%以上。
其中注入井周围10m内CO2在稠油中溶解摩尔分数可达50%以上,稠油降黏率达到85%以上,这对后续蒸汽驱非常有利,可有效降低蒸汽驱的启动压力,同时加快蒸汽的运移速度,有利于扩大蒸汽在油藏深部加热降黏范围,提高蒸汽的热利用率。
2.3蒸汽驱阶段根据油藏内温度差异,将注采井之间划分为5个区域,包括高温蒸汽区、高温水区、低温水区、冷水区和未波及区,如图1所示。
结合注采井间油中CO2摩尔分数分布(图2)及温度场(图3、4)情况,对尿素辅助蒸汽驱的5个区域进行了分析:(1)高温蒸汽区。
此区域位于注入井周围,温图1尿素辅助蒸汽驱过程度可达200ħ以上,同时压力最高。
由图1、2可知,此区域存在未饱和CO2的区域,这是由于CO2在稠油中溶解度随温度升高而降低,同时随着蒸汽的注入,已分解产生的CO2逐渐被蒸汽驱替进入油藏深部,注入井周围CO2含量降低。
对比图3、4可知,由于尿素分解气能提高油藏压力,可提高水的蒸汽压,因此相对于蒸汽驱,尿素辅助蒸汽驱注入井周围温度较高,可达到260ħ左右。
高温蒸汽区内油藏温度最高,稠油黏度最低,第3期牛保伦等:稠油油藏尿素辅助蒸汽驱特征研究85同时受蒸汽及尿素分解气的驱替作用,剩余油最少。
(2)高温水区。
注入的蒸汽逐渐转变为热水驱,在注入井略远区域存在一个温度仍较高的高温水区。
由图2、4可知,该区域温度略有降低,但CO2含量仍较高,该区域稠油基本处于饱和CO2状态,同时NH3·H2O能降低油水界面张力,该区域稠油流动性较好,剩余油量较少。
图2尿素辅助蒸汽驱第1周期注采井间稠油中CO2摩尔分数分布图3蒸汽驱第1周期不同阶段注采井间温度场图4尿素辅助蒸汽驱第1周期不同阶段注采井间温度场(3)低温水区。
随着蒸汽驱的不断前移,热水的温度逐渐降低,形成温度较低而CO2富集的低温水区。
由于温度的降低,热作用降黏率降低,此区域CO2溶解能力高于高温水区,低温水区是CO2溶解降黏的主要区域,同时在该区域尿素辅助蒸汽驱的开发效果明显高于蒸汽驱。
(4)冷水区。
该区域水驱温度已经很低,接近于油藏温度。
由于CO2流动性强于水,在蒸汽驱前缘以CO2溶解降黏为主,热降黏效果很弱,剩余油较多。
(5)未波及到区域。
在蒸汽突破前,生产井底周围温度较低,稠油流动困难。
大部分蒸汽驱井网都经过蒸汽吞吐阶段,该区域温度高于油藏原始温度,剩余油也较少。
对于一些生产井井底温度过低,稠油黏度高而导致无产液量的井,建议采用蒸汽吞吐引效的方式,即在尿素辅助蒸汽驱的同时,生产井采用蒸汽吞吐的开发方式,引导蒸汽驱前缘的前移,提高生产井的产量。
3尿素辅助蒸汽驱提高采收率的构成为分析CO2、NH3各自对采收率的贡献,在模型中选用直接注入尿素分解后的气体,即CO2与NH3的注入比例为1ʒ2,等效尿素量为1t,单周期尿素注入量为30t;为分析CO2降黏机理与增压机理各自的贡献值,选取了稠油中溶解度较小的N2作为对比。
同时考虑现场试验中需要注入预热段塞,注入方式为:预热段塞3 5d,尿素及CO2、NH3、N2段塞1 2d,后续蒸汽段塞23 26d,单周期合计30d,计算结果如表2所示。
模拟结果表明,尿素(CO2+NH3)辅助蒸汽驱的采收率提高了7.4%,由于NH3、CO2的辅助作用,蒸汽驱的采收率得到了进一步提高。
其中蒸汽驱与NH3辅助蒸汽驱最终提高采收率幅度相近,说明NH3对采收率的贡献不大。
这是由于NH3极易溶于水,对油藏无增压作用。
CO2辅助蒸汽驱较蒸汽驱采收率提高了5.62%,因此尿素辅助蒸汽驱中CO2对采收率的贡献大于NH3。
其原因为:注入井周围温度较高,降低了CO2在稠油中的溶解度,加速了CO2向深部区域扩散,有利于蒸汽波及范围的扩大;同时,受重力差异的影响,蒸汽对油藏底部加热效果较好,而携带热量的CO2可以加热顶部油藏,进一步扩大蒸汽的纵向波及范围。
N2辅助蒸汽驱以增压机理为主,可提高采收86特种油气藏第21卷率4.3%,而CO2辅助蒸汽驱具有溶解降黏和增压双重机理,相对于N2辅助蒸汽驱提高了1.32%,但提高幅度不大,说明在难以混相的稠油油藏中,CO2增加油藏压力是提高采收率的重要途径。
4结论(1)尿素辅助蒸汽驱可依据地层温度将注采井间划分为5个区域,包括高温蒸汽区、高温水区、低温水区、冷水区和未波及区,其中CO2在低温水区的降黏增压作用是提高采收率的主要途径。
(2)尿素辅助蒸汽驱利用CO2增压和降黏、NH3弱乳化的效果、气体重力差异等作用,实现了扩大蒸汽波及范围、降黏及提高驱替效率的效果,CO2是提高采收率的主要贡献因素。
(3)尿素辅助蒸汽驱较蒸汽驱采收率可提高7.4%,其中CO2对采收率贡献较大。
在非混相状态下,CO2的增压作用对采收率贡献较大。
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laboratory,Xian,Shanxi,710018;3.Changqing Oilfield company,Xian,Shanxi,710018)Abstract:Based on previous research,the rock physical properties,electric properties and gas-water relationship are obtained through the application of array induction dipole acoustic wave trials on many selected wells in the west of Sulige gas field.The cor-responding cross plot is established and successfully applied to the interpretation of high-resolution three-dimensional seismic da-ta.The gas and water distributions in Su186block are predicted through the combination of seismic and well logging,which has ef-fectively guide the well placement and reservoir development.At the same time,this study will provide a guide to the identification of gas and water distributions in other tight sandstone gas reservoir.Keywords:gas and water distribution,rock physical properties,tight sandstone,west block,Sulige gas fieldDevelopment Characteristics of Member Sha3Break Slope Zone in Western Liaohe SagWu Hao(China University of Geosciences,Beijing,100083)Abstract:By use of3D seismic data,Member Sha3break slope zone in the western sag was identified,and the areal distribution pattern of key layers in the break slope zone were summarized.It is found from the study that two major types of break slope zones developed in Member Sha3of western sag:structural break slope zone and sedimentary break slope zone,the structural break slope zone can be sub-divided into fault break slope zone and flexure break slope zone,furthermore,the fault break slope zone can be sub-divided into single-step and multi-step types.The flexure break slope zone can be subdivided into fault flexure break zone and palaeontopographic flexure break zone.It is indicated from the areal distribution features of the lower Sha3sub-member that the break slope zones in the western sag are predominated by fault break slope zones,which mainly developed in the southwest part of the sag,commonly found in the slope zones,central sub-sag zone and steep slope zone,while only some small scale fault break slope zones are found locally in the north-east part of the sag;the sedimentary break slope zones developed in the northern slope of the Niuxintuo sub-sag in small scale.Key words:fault break slope zone;flexure break slope zone;sedimentary break slope zone;Shahejie Formation;western sag New Solution to Critical Injector-Producer Spacing for Thin and PoorReservoirsLiu Yikun1,Tang Huimin1,Liang Shuang1,Wang Yongping1,Wang Jinming2(1.EORKey Lab of Ministry of Education,Daqing Petroleum Institute,Daqing,Heilongjiang,163318;2.CNOOC Zhanjiang Branch,Zhanjiang,Guangdong,524000)Abstract:In view of the improper injector-producer spacing and low producing degree of thin and poor reservoirs,according to wa-ter flooding characteristics of low permeability reservoirs with5spot well pattern,areal sweeping efficiency formula was adopted to calculate the areal sweeping efficiency for2sets of development strata in the2nd infilling well pattern for the thin and poor reservoir;multiple linear regression was used to fit the mathematic model of areal sweeping efficiency,which was then used to work out the critical injector producer spacing under different injection-production pressure difference.Meanwhile,effective drainage factor was used to calculate critical injector producer spacing too.Comparison of the results from the two methods shows the error is less than 5%,proving that it is proper to calculate critical injector producer spacing with mathematical model of areal sweeping efficiency.The results can be used to adjust the injector producer spacing of thin and poor reservoirs and improve production efficiency of thin and poor reservoirs.Key words:thin and poor reservoir;critical injector producer spacing;areal sweeping efficiency;effective drainage factor;Daqing OilfieldComparison and Selection of Different Steam Stimulation Modes for Bohai Heavy OilZheng Wei,Yuan Zhongchao,Tian Ji,Tan Xianhong(Research Institute of CNOOC,Beijing,100027)Abstract:In order to select offshore heavy oil thermal recovery mode,the typical model of south part of Bohai A Oilfield was estab-lished with real reservoir data,on this model,numerical simulation was adopted to compare developing effects of steam stimulation and complex thermal fluid stimulation under different reservoir permeability,Kv/Kh value,rhythm,effective thickness,crude vis-cosity,and controlled reserves.The results show that when crude viscosity is less than1000mPa·s,complex thermal fluid stimu-lation is more suitable for reservoirs with positive rhythm,effective thickness of more than10m,Kv/Kh of less than0.1,and high-er permeability.This is the first time the technical limits of reservoir fluid parameters suitable for different thermal recovery methods are summed up,which is helpful for quick selection of steam stimulation methods for targeted reservoirs.This can not only provide a reference for the development of Bohai heavy oilfield,but also guidance for the promotion of thermal and steam stimulation.Key words:Bohai heavy oil;complex thermal fluid stimulation;steam stimulation;effect comparison;technical limit Research on Characteristics of Urea Assisted Steam Flooding in Heavy OilReservoirsNiu Baolun1,Lin Weimin1,DengRuijian1,Zhang Zhang2,Yang Changhua1(1.Zhongyuan Oilfield Branch,Puyang,Henan,457001;2.Oil and Gas Production of Zhongyuan Petroleum Engineering Company,Puyang,Henan,457001)Abstract:In view of problems such as low formation pressure,low efficiency of water recovery,much residue oil left between wells in the ultra heavy oil reservoir of BQ block in its late steam huff-and-puff stage,urea assisted steam flooding was adopted for fur-ther EOR.Based on numerical simulation,the geological model of the targeted reservoir was established,which was used to analyzethe characteristics of urea assisted steam flooding,and reveal its EORmechanism and the composition of its recovery.The research shows urea assisted steam flooding can enhance7.4%of oil recovery more than steam flooding.The low-temperature zone withpoor thermal effect is the crucial area for urea to increase recovery.CO2can enhance recovery by another5.62%after steam flood-ing,while NH3can only enhance recovery by0.11%,proving that CO2is the main contribution factor for recovery improvement byurea;CO2,compared with N2,can only enhance recovery by1.32%,proving that CO2is more functional in boosting pressure thanin lowering viscosity.Key words:heavy oil reservoir;steam flooding;urea;numerical simulation;characteristics;recovery factor Application of Horizontal Well Alkaline-Surfactant-Polymer Flooding in Point Bar Sand in MeanderingRiversZhou Yazhou,Yin Daiyin,Zhang Chengli(Daqing Petroleum institute,Daqing,Heilongjiang,163318)Abstract:The residue oil in middle-upper part of PU I332pay zone of I block in eastern Xing6Area is hard to recover due to bloc-king of lateral accretion interbeds.In view of this,the watered-out data of new wells was used to analyze the residue oil distribution in middle-upper part of the pay zone,a developing mode combining horizontal well and alkaline-surfactant-polymer flooding was put forward,and the configuration of horizontal wells and vertical wells was optimized by numerical simulation.The results show that the best well pattern is horizontal injectors with horizontal producers,which has a recovery rate of5.95%more than the well pattern of vertical injectors with vertical producers.When the distance between the horizontal section of injectors and pay zone top is h/5,dis-tance between the horizontal section of producer to pay zone top is h/3,water cut increase rate can be slowed down.Field test shows that alkaline-surfactant-polymer flooding in horizontal wells works well,resulting in a recovery rate of27.30%by far.Key words:horizontal well;alkaline-surfactant-polymer flooding;I block in eastern Xing6Area;meandering river;point bar Study on Microscopic Deformation Mechanism of DeepReservoir Medium with Low PermeabilityLiu Daojie,Gao Wenming,Fu Xiaopo,Wen Yuhuan,Feng Xuguang(CNPC Jizhong Oilfield Company,Tangshan,Hebei,063004)Abstract:During the production of deep low permeability oil reservoirs,the near-wellbore porosity and permeability tend to de-crease dramatically,leading to problems such as low pressure and low productivity in producers and low injectivity or failed injection in injectors,severely restricting the development of low permeability oil reservoirs.On the basis of the mechanical behavior of low permeability reservoir deformation during development,the microscopic dynamics of medium deformation in low permeability oil res-ervoir was modeled by use of microscopic dynamics in combination with the dislocation dynamic behavior,density and multiplication mechanism.It is shown from case history analysis that the reservoir porosity around borehole decreases significantly in the course of development,damaging the paths for crude inflow into bottom hole from near-wellbore zone and for injected water into formation.The research on the microscopic deformation pattern of reservoir medium with low permeability is of instructive significance for the formulation of development program and the enhancement of oil recovery in low permeability oil reservoirs.Key words:deep low permeability oil reservoir;deformation;porosity;microscopic;dislocation theoryEffects of PV multiples of water injected volume and displacement volume on recovery extent in the Shuanghe oilfieldZhang Shiqi1,2,Zhou Zhijun3,Zhang Xiaojing4,Wang Da3(1.Chengdu university of technology,institute of sedimentary geology,Sichuan,Chengdu,610059;2.Qingxin oilfield development limited company of Anda,Anda,Heilongjiang,151413;3.Northeast petroleum university,key laboratory of education of China on enhanced oil and gas recovery,Daqing,Heilongjiang,163318;4.Henan oilfield company of SINOPEC,Zhengzhou,Henan,450000)Abstract:The calculation methods of PV multiple of water injected volume and displacement volume are proposed and their effects on the recovery extents in various positions of well pad are analyzed by use of numerical simulation,Eclipse software and oil reser-voir engineering techniques.It is shown from the study that,the recovery extent per unit rises very rapidly at the initial stage of wa-ter injection;when the PV multiple of water injected volume reaches0.5,the rise of recovery extent per unit slows down.Different rules can be shown at various detection points of a well pad:at the primary diagonal line,the closer is the distance to the water in-jector,the higher is the recovery extent per unit is;the closer is the distance of the equidistant point between the perpendicular bi-sector and the producer to the primary diagonal line,the higher is the recovery extent per unit;and the changes of recovery extents per unit are basically identical at the equidistant detection points of a water injector.The greater is the PV multiple of displacement volume in the reservoir,the higher is the recovery extent,indicating better waterflooding effect.When the PV multiple of displace-ment volume is less than20,the recovery extent per unit rises rapidly;when this multiple is more than20,the rising trend slows down.Based on above conclusion,at a small PV multiple of water injected volume during waterflooding,this multiple can be in-creased continuously to enhance oil recovery.At a high multiple of water injected volume and a low multiple of displacement vol-ume,oil recovery can be enhanced by means of diversion of liquid flow.Key words:numerical simulation;PV multiple of water injected volume;PV multiple of displacement volume;recovery extent;ⅧⅨoil bearing Formation in the Shuanghe oilfieldNew Calculation Method ofRock Pore CompressibilityZhang Xiaoliang(Research Institute of CNOOC,Beijing,100027)Abstract:Rock pore compressibility generally is obtained by empirical formula when experimental test data is not available,so there are larger errors in the prediction results.By using material balance approach and fractional flow equation,a new method to predict rock pore compressibility by elastic–stage water cut was put forward.The case analysis and real application show that the relative error of the calculation results by the new method is less than5%.The rock pore compressibility predicted from dynamic data is more suitable for reservoir engineering calculation,providing a new approach for the prediction of rock pore compressibility.Key words:rock pore compressibility;water cut;relative permeability。