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定语从句（一）基本概念1.由一个句子作定语，修饰句中一个名词或代词，有时也可以修饰整个句子或句中的部分内容，这样的从句就是定语从句，被其修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
2.关系词分为两大类，即关系代词和关系副词，其作用一是引出一个定语从句，二是代替其所修饰的先行词，三是在句中充当某个句子成分。
关系词的分类和基本用法表一分类指代引导词关系代词人who, whom, that, as事物which, that, as 人或物（表所属关系）whose关系副词地点where 时间when 原因why表二关系代词指代例句解释who人The man who helped you is MrWhite.在定从中作主语whom That is the person(whom/who/that)you want to see.在定从中作宾语，可省略whose He is the father whose son studiesvery well in our class.在定从中作定语that I′m not the fool that you thought meto be.在定从中作表语as He is such a lazy man as nobodywants to work with.在定从中作宾语that事物The only thing that we can do is togive you some advice.在定从中作宾语which A dictionary is a useful book whichtells us the meaning of words在定从中作主语whose He lives in a room whose windowfaces south在定从中作定语asIt is such a big stone as nobody canlift.在定从中作宾语整句内容As is known to all, he is the beststudent.在定从中作主语表三关系副词指代例句解释when 时间Would you suggest a time when wecan have a talk?在定从中作状语where 地点The house where they live is notvery large.在定从中作状语why 原因This is the reason why he did notcame to the meeting.在定从中作状语（二）定语从句的注意点本部分的内容比较复杂，为便于考生一目了然，我们试图用表格的形式呈现给考生。
名词性从句复习注意：1.在名词性从句中，连接词的选择要根据从句的句意和上下文来确定。
2.当从句是陈述句时，通常使用连接词that（可省略，但在正式文体中建议保留）；当从句是疑问句时，通常使用whether/if（表示选择或疑问）或连接代词/副词（表示具体的疑问内容）。
3.在宾语从句中，当从句是特殊疑问句时，其语序要调整为陈述句语序。
4.同位语从句与定语从句的区别在于：同位语从句是对前面名词或代词的具体内容的阐述或解释，而定语从句则是对前面名词或代词的修饰和限定。
一、主语从句定义：在句子中充当主语成分的从句。
引导词：that, whether, if, who, whom, which, what, whose, how, when, where等。
使用原则：主语从句通常位于句首，用于描述句子的主要动作或状态的执行者或承受者。
它可以是陈述句、疑问句或祈使句（但祈使句作为主语从句的情况较少见）。
构成：主语从句通常由连接词that（可省略，但当从句中有疑问词或表示否定、强调等意义的词时，通常不省略）或whether/if（表示选择或疑问）引导，后面跟完整的句子结构。
例句：1.What he said made me think deeply.2.Whether he will come or not is still a mystery.3.How we can solve the problem is our main concern.4.That the earth moves around the sun is a well-known fact.5.Whoever breaks the law should be punished.练习题1._____ he said at the meeting surprised us all.A. WhatB. ThatC. HowD. Why2._____ you do, do it with all your heart.A. WhateverB. WheneverC. WhereverD. However3.It is _____ he often fails in exams that makes his parents worried.A. whatB. becauseC. thatD. why4._____ is known to all, the moon travels around the earth.A. AsB. WhichC. ThatD. What5._____ we should do next is still under discussion.A. WhatB. HowC. WhetherD. When答案：AAC（强调句结构）AA二、宾语从句定义：在句子中充当宾语成分的从句。
高三英语（课标全国卷）名词性从句和定语从句1. 掌握名词性从句连接词的基本用法。
2. 掌握名词性从句时态照应的基本用法。
3. 掌握定语从句关系代词的基本用法。
4. 掌握定语从句关系副词的基本用法。
一、名词性从句名词性从句是一种具有名词功能的非独立分句。
名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。
引导名词性从句的引导词有：1)连接代词:what(ever),who(ever)，whom(ever),which(ever)，whose。
作主语、宾语表语、定语。
2)连接副词:when，where, how, why。
作状语、表语。
3)从属连词:that，whether，if不作成分。
（一）that引导的名词性从句1. 引导主语从句1) It is/was+形容词/名词/过去分词+that从句。
It is certain that our team will win the game.我们队一定会赢得比赛。
It is no wonder that our team won the game.我们队赢了那场比赛并不足为奇2)It+不及物动词+that从句。
It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.我没想到你能成功说服他改变主意。
2. 引导宾语从句1)放在及物动词、形容词或介词之后引导宾语从句。
I truly believe that beauty comes from within.我真的相信美来自内心。
I am afraid that you're mistaken.恐怕你弄错了。
He is a good student except that he is a little bit careless. 他是个好学生，就是有点儿粗心。
2)及物动词+it+宾补+that从句。
名词性从句包括：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
Ⅰ．主语从句：在句子中充当主语主句谓语动词要用单数第三人称。
Whoever comes is welcome.1．that引导主语从句。
that引导主语从句时，仅起连接作用，不作任何成份，不能省略。
有时为了保持句子平衡，把that从句后置，由形式主语it来代替。
That she was chosen made us very happy.It made us very happy that she was chosen.it作形式主语，有几种固定句型：（1）It + be + adj. + that - clauseIt is natural / strange / important / necessary that...很自然／奇怪的是／重要的是／必要的是……从句中的谓语动词用（should)+动词原形It is important that he (should) attend the meeting.（2）It + be + n. + that - clauseIt is a fact that ... 事实是……It is an honour that... 非常荣幸……It is common knowlege that... ……是常识It is a pity that... 很遗憾……（3）It + be + 过去分词+ that - clauseIt is reported that...据报道……It is believed that... 据相信……It has been proved that... 已证实……It is said that... 据说……特别提示在表示建议、要求、命令等意义的被动结构中，that从句中的谓语动词用（should）+动词原形。
It is suggested that the meeting (should) be held this afternoon.（4）It + seem / happen等不及物动词+ that - clauseIt seems / seemed that... 似乎……It happens / happened that... 碰巧……It appears that... 好像……It seems that he is wrong.2．whether引导的主语从句“是否”从句在句首时必须用whether，置于句尾时，可换用if．Whether he will come is not clear.It is not clear whether / it he will come.3．wh - 疑问词引导主语从句。
定语从句用法体悟：There was a time when①I was tired of learning English and disliked to speak English. And this was the reason why②my father forced me to join in a 30－day training in an English club before I went to senior high school. When I first came to the club，where③I met many strangers，I missed my parents very much. So I packed up my things and wanted to go home. Fortunately，my guide，whose④teacher was Yu Minhong，municated with me face to face，from which⑤I gained some useful instructions. He also showed me a good partner，and we got along well with each other. Gradually I adapted to the life there. Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities which⑥we did. I should be grateful to my father and the guide，who⑦encouraged me to fall in love with English. Now I feel it interesting to learn English，into which⑧I put my entire energy. Every day I read my words and passages aloud. In class I join in English discussions. Before I go to sleep，I recall the passages I have learnt，through which⑨I can memorize a large number of new words. As⑩our English teacher says，“As long as you form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance，you will conquer English sooner or later.”①关系副词when引导定语从句，修饰先行词a time。
高考英语复习备考：名词性从句和定语从句讲练PART 1 考点剖析-名词性从句考点一：考查what引导名词性从句例1．______ annoyed me last night was the noise of the firecrackers from the neighborhood area till midnight.【答案】What【详解】考查名词性从句。
句意：昨晚使我恼火的（事）是从附近街区传来的一直持续到午夜的爆竹声。
句子分析可知，“___ annoyed me last night”为名词性从句作主语，设空处在从句中作主语，表示“……事”，用连接代词what 引导；设空处位于句首，首字母大写。
故填What。
考点二：考查that引导名词性从句例2．When we come across such factual differences, we shouldn’t rush to the conclusion ________ one of the news reports gives false information.【答案】that【详解】考查同位语从句。
句意：当我们遇到这样的事实差异时，我们不应该急于得出其中一篇新闻报道提供了虚假信息的结论。
引导同位语从句，说明conclusion的内容，从句不缺少成分，句意完整，故用that引导。
故填that。
考点三：考查-ever引导名词性从句例3．Every employee needs to find their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in ________ is their field of employment.【答案】whatever【详解】考查名词性从句。
句意：每个员工都需要找到自己独特的价值贡献，使他们在自己的就业领域脱颖而出。
分析句子可知，设空处位于介词in后，在句中引导宾语从句，从句中缺主语，结合句意可知，此处表示物，应用whatever引导。
故填whatever。
考点四：考查where引导名词性从句例4．Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? That’s ___the best jobs are.【答案】where【详解】考查表语从句。
句意：为什么不去市中心碰碰运气呢，鲍勃？那是最好的工作所在地。
空格处引导表语从句，从句缺少表语，结合句意“所在地”可知，应用连接副词where。
故填where。
考点五：固定句型中名词性从句例5．There is no doubt ____the wooden chair is muchstronger than the plastic one you bought yesterday.【答案】that【解析】考查同位语从句。
句意：毫无疑问，这把木椅比你昨天买的塑料椅结实得多。
There is no doubt that…为固定句型，意为“毫无疑问……”，从句成分和意义都完整，故此处that引导同位语从句。
故填that。
考点六：抽象名词具体化的用法例6．The question ________ English will keep on changing in the future is easy to answer since it is certain that this process will continue.【答案】whether【解析】考查同位语从句。
句意：英语将来会不断变化的问题很容易回答，因为这个过程肯定会继续下去。
分析可知，________English will keep on changing in the future 为同位语从句，解释名词the question，从句中句子成分齐全，意思上缺少“是否”，所以用从属连词whether，意为“是否”，故填whether。
过关检测1．With these inspiring words ringing in their ears, Allied soldiers prepared for ________ would become known asD-Day.【答案】what【详解】考查宾语从句。
句意：这些鼓舞人心的话语回响在盟军士兵的耳边，他们为日后的D-Day做着准备。
空格处引导的是宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，句子表示“他们为日后的D-Day做着准备”，因此空格处用what引导宾语从句，故填what。
2．The gold medal will be awarded to ________ wins the first place in the bicycler.【答案】whoever【详解】考查连接词词义辨析。
句意：谁在自行车比赛中获得第一名，谁就将获得金牌。
空前to是介词，后面引导宾语从句，连接词在从句中作主语，表示“无论是谁”，应用whoever引导。
故填whoever。
3．I have no idea _________ has happened recently on my co-worker, so I can’t give the sad girl a suitable comfort.【答案】what【详解】考查同位语从句。
句意：我不知道我的同事最近发生了什么事，所以我不能给这个悲伤的女孩恰当的安慰。
“_________ has happened recently on my co-worker,”为同位语从句，用来解释说明名词idea的，从句缺少主语，表示“……的事”，应用连接代词what来引导，故填what。
4．Concerns were raised ________ witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to ensure a decision of guilty.【答案】that【详解】考查同位语从句。
句意：有人担心，可能会鼓励证人在法庭上夸大他们的故事，以确保有罪判决。
分析句子可知，分割式同位语从句结构完整、不缺意义，用that引导该从句，对抽象名词Concerns“担忧”的内容进行补充解释和说明。
故填that。
5．_____is known to us all is that the 2024 Olympic Games will take place in Paris.【答案】What【详解】考查主语从句。
句意：众所周知，2024年奥运会将在巴黎举行。
分析句子结构和意思可知，_____is known to us all是主语从句，从句中缺少主语，指“……的事情”，用链接代词what。
故填What。
6．One of the reasons why Charles Dickens loved his novel David Copperfield was ________it was based on his own life.【答案】that【详解】考查表语从句。
句意：查尔斯·狄更斯喜欢他的小说《大卫·科波菲尔》的原因之一是它是以他自己的生活为基础的。
空处引导表语从句，且从句完整，故用连接词that引导该从句。
One reason is that…/one of the reason is that…/ The reason is that…为固定句型，意为“一个原因是……；原因之一是……；原因是……”。
故填that。
7．—The question is ________ it is that we can go for a picnic.—I recommend a national forest park 18 miles away from here.【答案】where【详解】考查表语从句。
句意：——问题是我们可以去哪里野餐。
——我推荐离这儿18英里远的国家森林公园。
分析句子结构可知，本句为表语从句。
且从句为强调句的特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+is/was it+ that/who +其他部分。
根据“I recommend a national forest park 18 miles away from here.”可知，用疑问词where，强调“去哪里野餐”。
故填where。
8．It was ________ the teacher said to him _________encouraged him to make every effort to catch upwith his classmates.【答案】what; that【详解】考查主语从句和强调句。
句意：老师对他说的话鼓励他尽一切努力赶上同学。
分析句子结构可知本句第一空为主语从句，应用what做宾语，第二空为强调句，it was+被强调成分+that为固定句型，第二空应为that，故填what; that。
9．When I saw my cat waiting sadly for the dog to return at the gate, I suddenly realized ________ close the relationship between them was.【答案】how【详解】考查宾语从句。
句意：当我看到我的猫在门口悲伤地等待狗回来时，我突然意识到它们之间的关系是多么亲密。
realize后是宾语从句，从句表语close“亲密的”置于主语之前，因此用连接副词how引导从句，how close “多么亲密”。
故填how。
9．It was announced that a charge for plastic bags ___________(charge) next year.【答案】would be introduced【详解】考查谓语动词。
句意：据宣布，明年将对塑料袋收费。
根据主句谓语动词“was announced”的时态可知，主语从句也应为过去的时态。
再结合主语从句的时间状语“next year”可知，应为将来的时态。
故应为过去将来时。
因从句的主语“a charge”为动作承受者，故应为被动语态。
故填would be introduced。
10．There is growing evidence ________staying up late at night has a serious impact on people’s health.【答案】that【详解】考查同位语从句。
句意：越来越多的证据表明，熬夜对人们的健康有严重的影响。
