下载文档原格式
第二部分专业词汇中英文对照AAccept error 错误地接受，不该接受而接受Acceptance sampling 接收抽样Accommodation 顺应（对待冲突的策略）Accuracy and effective control systems 准确性和有效控制系统Achievement-oriented leader 成就导向型领导者Acid-test ratios 速动比率Acquisition 兼并，购入，收购Active listening 积极倾听Activities 活动Activity-based accounting (ABC) 基于活动的会计核算Adhocracy 专家委员会式的组织，有机式组织Adjourning 解体Advertisement 广告Affective component of an attitude态度的情感成分Affiliation and groups 归属和群体Affirmative action programs 确认行动计划Age Discrimination in Employment Act 反就业年龄歧视法案Agreeableness 随和Agriculture 农业Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)美国人对待残疾法案Analytic decision-making style 分析型决策制定风格Anthropology courses 人类学教程（课程）Application form 申请表Arab leaders 阿拉伯籍领导者Ascribed status 归因性地位，从属性地位Assertiveness 专断，肯定Assessing environment 环境评估Assessor-developers 评估者——开发者Assumed similarity 假定相似性Attentional processes 注意过程Attitudes 态度Attractiveness 吸引力Attribute sampling 属性抽样Attribution theory 归因理论Audits 审计Australia 澳大利亚Authority 职权，权威Autocratic style of leadership 专制型领导Automation and repetitive task 自动化和重复性工作Autonomy 自主性，自主权Availability heuristic 只利用现有信息决策的取巧途径，以易代难倾向Avoidance 回避BBackground investigation 背景调查Bargaining 讨价还价，争价，谈判Bargaining strategies 争价策略，谈判策略Bargaining zone 讨价还价区，争价区，谈判区Barriers 障碍Basic corrective action 彻底纠错行动Behavioral component of an attitude态度的行为成分Behavioral decision-making style 行为型决策制定风格Behavioral science theorists 行为科学理论家Behavioral symptoms 行为表征Behavioral theories of leadership 领导的行为理论Behaviorally anchored rating scales (BARS)行为定位评分法Benchmarkng 标杆瞄准，基准化Benefits 福利，效益，收益Big-five model 决定性五因素模型Biographical data 生平数据Blue-collar workers 蓝领工人Body language 身体语言Borderless organization 无界组织（内部）Boss 上司，老板Boundaryless organization 无边界组织Bounded rationality 有限理性Brainstorming 头脑风暴法Break-even analysis 盈亏平衡分析Budget 预算Bureaucracy 官僚行政组织Bureaucratic control 行政控制Business Insight 商业眼光，商业洞察力Business plan 商业计划CCalm waters metaphor “风平浪静”观Canada 加拿大Career 职业生涯Center for creative leadership in North Carolina 北卡罗莱纳创造型领导中心Centrality and power 中央和权力Centralization 集权化，集权Certainty 确定性Chain of command 指挥链Change 变革Change agent 变革推动者Change process 变革过程Channel 渠道Chaos 混乱，混沌Chaotic change 混乱的变化Characteristics 特征，特点Charismatic leadership 魅力型领导Charismatic leadership theory 魅力型领导理论Chile 智利China 中国Civil Rights Act 民权法案Clan control 家族控制Classical approach 经典观念，经典学派Client\servers 客户/服务器Closed system 封闭系统Coach 教练Code of ethics 道德规范Coercion and reducing resistance to change 强制以减少变革的阻力Coercive power 强制权力，强制权Cognitive component of an attitude态度的认知成分Cognitive dissonance 认知失调Cohesiveness and productivity 内聚力与生产率Collaboration 合作Collective bargaining agreement 集体谈判协议Collectivism 集体主义College courses 大学课程，大学教程Colombia 哥伦比亚Combination strategy 组合战略Commitment 承诺，义务Communication 沟通Communication apprehension 沟通疑虑Communication process 沟通过程Communications and diversity 沟通和多样性Comparison referent 对比指标Compensation administration 薪酬管理Compensation and benefits 薪酬和福利Competencies 技能，专长，能力，胜任特征Competency-based compensation 基于能力的报酬Competitive advantage 竞争优势Competitive intelligence 竞争对手情报（收集）Competitive strategy 竞争战略Compressed workweek 压缩工作周Compromise 妥协Computer-aided design (CAD) 计算机辅助设计Computer monitoring 计算机监控Conceptual competencies 概念技能，抽象能力Concluder-producers 推论者——生产者Concurrent control 并行控制，同期控制Conditional maintenance 条件维护Conflict 冲突Conflict management 冲突管理Conflict reduction 冲突减少Conflict-handling style 冲突处理风格Conforming and group decision-making 一致与群体决策Conformity 一致性Conscientiousness 正直Consideration 关心Consistency 一贯性Constitution 宪法，法律Consultation 顾问，咨询Contemporary theories of motivation 当代激励理论Contingency approach 权变观念，权变学派Contingency variables 权变变量Contingent work force 应急工Contingent workers 临时工Continuous improvements 持续改进，不断改进Continuous improvement methods持续改进方法Contract workers 合同工Control 控制Control process 控制过程Controller-inspectors 控制者——检查者Controlling 控制（职能）Cooperativeness 合作Cooptation/manipulation and reducing resistance to change 增选/操纵以减少变革的阻力Core competency 核心专长Core employees 核心员工Corporate stars 企业明星Corrective action and effective control systems 纠错行动和有效控制系统Cost control 成本控制Cost-benefit analysis 成本效益分析Cost-center approach 成本中心法Cost-leadership strategy 成本领先战略Counseling employees 员工咨询Country-club management 乡村俱乐部型管理Court cases 法庭案件Cover letters 自荐信Creativity 创造力Creator-innovators 创造者——创新者Credibility 信度Critical incidents 关键事件Critical path 关键路径Criticism of planning 对计划的批评Cross-functional work team 跨职能型工作团队Cultural differences and motivation 文化差异和动机Cultural environment 文化氛围，文化环境Culture 文化Culture and personality 文化与个性Current ratio 流动比率Curriculums 课程Custom manufacturing 定制生产Customer departmentalization 按顾客划分部门Customer service 顾客服务Cyberspeak 电脑语言DData 数据Debt-to-assets ratio 资产负债率Decentralization 分权化，分权Decision criteria 决策准则Decision implementation 决策实施Decision-making aids and techniques 决策制定辅助技术Decision-making process 决策制定过程Decision trees 决策树Decisional roles 决策角色Decisions 决策Decline career stage 职业生涯衰退阶段Decoding 解码Decruitment 解聘Delegating style 授权风格Delegation 授权Democratic style of leadership 民主型领导Denmark 丹麦Departmentalization 部门划分Depression 不景气，沮丧Designs 设计Deterrence-based trust 基于威慑的信任Developing a Management Skill 发展管理技能Development 发展Devil’s advocate吹毛求疵者Differences 差异，不同Differentiation strategy 差异化战略Dimensions 维度Direct costs 直接成本Directional plans 指导性计划Directive decision-making style 指导型决策制定风格Directive leader 指导型领导Discipline 纪律Discretion 谨慎，决策Disseminator role 传播者角色Distribution technology 销售（分配）技术Distinctive competency 独特专长Distributive bargaining 零和分配争价（结局）Disturbance-handler role 故障排除者角色Diversity 多样化Division of labor 劳动分工Division of work 专业化Divisional structure 事业部型结构Downsizing 缩小规模Dress codes 着装规范Driving forces 驱动力Dysfunctional conflict 功能失调的冲突Dysfunctional side of controls 控制的功能失调方面Ee-commerce 电子商务Economic order quantity model (EOQ)经济定货批量模型Economics 经济学Economy 经济Economy and effective control systems 经济性和有效控制系统Education/communication and reducing resistance to change 教育/沟通以减少变革的阻力Effectiveness 效果Efficiency 效率Effort-performance linkage 努力--绩效的关系Electronic meeting 电子会议Elements 要素，元素E-mail 电子邮件Emotional stability 情绪稳定Emotion intelligence (EI) 情商Emotions and effective communication 情绪和有效沟通Empathy 心领神会Employee assistance programs (EAPs)员工帮助计划Employee benefits 员工福利Employee counseling 员工咨询Employee development 员工发展Employee leasing 员工租用Employee monitoring 员工监督Employee oriented 员工导向的Employee referrals 员工推荐Employee stock ownership plans (ESOPs)员工持股计划Employee training 员工培训Employee-oriented 面向员工的Employment planning 雇佣计划Empowering 赋权Empowerment and leadership 赋权和领导Empowerment skills 赋权技能Encoding 编码End-users 终用户，终端用户Entrepreneur role 企业家角色Entrepreneurial spirit 企业家精神，创业精神Entrepreneurs 企业家，创业家Entrepreneurship 创业Environment 环境Environment affecting structure 环境影响结构Environmental scanning 环境扫描Environmental sensitivity and charismatic leadership 环境敏感性和魅力型领导Epirit de corps 团结精神Equal Pay Act 平等工资法案Equity theory 公平理论Escalation of commitment 过度承诺Establishment 建立Esteem needs 尊重需要Ethics 道德Ethnocentric view 以自我为中心的观点Europe 欧洲Events 事件Exceptions and effective control systems 例外和有效控制系统Expectancy theory 期望理论Expert power 专家权力，专长权Expert systems 专家系统Exploration （职业发展的）探索期Explorer-promoters 探索者——促进者Extinction 消除Extroversion 外向FFacilitation/support and reducing resistance to change 促进/支持以减少变革的阻力Fair labor standards 公平劳动标准Family and Medical Leave Act 家庭和医疗假期法案Family-friendly benefits 家庭福利Fayol’s 14法约尔14项管理原则Feedback 反馈Feedback control 反馈控制Feedforward control 前馈控制Fiedler contingency model 菲德勒权变模型Figurehead 挂名首脑Filtering and effective communication 过滤和有效沟通Financial control 财务控制Finland 芬兰First-line manager 基层管理者，一线管理者Fixed-internal recording systems 定期定货系统Fixed-point recording system 定点定货系统Flexibility 灵活性Flexible manufacturing systems 柔性制造系统Flextime 弹性工作时间Focus strategy 集中化战略Forces for change 变革动力Forcing 强制Forecasting pro 预测者Forecasting techniques 预测技术Forecasts 预测Forensic Accountant Newsletter 会计论坛Forming 形成France 法国Franchising 特许Functional conflict 职能冲突Functional departmentalization 按职能划分部门Functional structure 职能型结构Functional teams 职能型团队Fundamental attribution error 基本归因错误GGender differences in leadership 领导中的性别差异Gender issues in the communication 沟通过程中的性别问题Gantt Chart 甘特图General administrative theorists 一般行政管理理论家General administrative theory 一般行政管理理论Generic strategies 通用战略，一般战略Geographic departmentalization 按地区划分部门Getting into an organization 加入一个组织Global village 地球村Goal achievement and groups 目标成就和群体Good work performance 良好的工作环境Grand strategies 总体战略Grapevine 小道消息Graphic rating scales 评分表法Group 群体，小组Group behavior 群体行为Group cohesiveness 群体内聚力Group decision making 群体决策Group order ranking 分组排序法Groups and work design 群体和工作设计Groupthink 趋同思维Groupware 组件Growth strategy 增长战略HHalo effect 晕轮效应Hawthorne Studies 霍桑实验Healthy work environment 健康的工作环境Heuristics 取巧途径，倾向Hierarchy of needs theory 需要（求）层次理论Historical roots of contemporary management practices 当代管理实践的历史根源How to win friends and influence people (Carnegie) 如何赢得朋友和影响他人（卡耐基）Humanities/social science courses affecting management practices 人类学/社会科学课程对管理实践的影响Holland’s Typology and Occupations 霍兰德拓扑结构和职业Horizontal structure 横向结构，水平结构Human competencies 人际技能，人际能力Human relations view of conflict 冲突的人际关系观点Human resource approach 人力资源观念，人力资源学派Human resource inventory report 人力资源储备报告Human resource management(HRM)人力资源管理Hungary 匈牙利Hygiene factors 保健因素IIceberg metaphor 冰山比喻Identification-based trust 基于认同的信任Ill-structured problems 非结构化问题Image 形象Immediate corrective action 立即纠错行动Immigration Reform and Control Act 移民改革和控制法案Impersonality 非人性Impoverished management 贫乏型管理Impression management 印象管理Improvement 改善Incentives 刺激，激励Incremental budget 增量预算Incubation and innovation 孵化与创新India 印度Independent contractors 独立的立约者，独立签约人Indirect costs 间接成本Individual ranking approach 个人排序法Individuals into team players 个人变为团队成员Individualism 个人主义Industrial Revolution 产业革命Information control systems 信息控制系统Information technology 信息技术Informational power 信息力量Informational roles 信息角色Initiating structure 定规结构Initiative 初创，原创Innovation 创新Integrative bargaining 共赢争价（结局）Integrity 正直Intelligence 情报，智力Interactionist view of conflict 冲突的相互作用观点Intergroup development 团际发展，组际发展Internal audit 内部审计Internal forces 内部力量Internal search 内部搜寻International management 国际管理International Organization for Standardization 国际标准化组织International symbol 国际通用符号Internet 因特网Internships 见习，实习Interpersonal communication 人际沟通Interpersonal demands 人际需求Interpersonal roles 人际角色Interpersonal skills 人际技能Interview 面试，访谈Intrapreneurs 内企业家，内部创业者Inventory ordering systems 库存定货系统Inventory turnover ratios 库存周转率Ireland 爱尔兰ISO 9000 series ISO 9000 系列JJapan 日本Jargon 技术用语Job analysis 职务分析，工作分析Job characteristics model (JCM) 职务特征模型，工作特征模型Job description 职务描述，工作描述Job involvement 工作投入Job morphing 职务形态，工作形态Job rotation 职务轮换，工作转换Job satisfaction 工作满意感Job sharing 职务分担，工作分担（分享）Job specification 职务说明，工作说明Jobs and personality 职务与个性，工作与个性Jobs 工作Just-in-time (JIT) inventory systems 准时制库存系统KKaizen 改善Kanban 看板Karoshi 劳累过度而猝死Knowledge-based trust 基于知识的信任Knowledge workers 知识工人Korea 韩国LLabor-management relations and teams 劳资关系与团队Laissez-faire style of leadership 自由放任型领导Language 语言Language and effective communication 语言和有效沟通Late career 职业后期Lateral thinking 横向考虑，横向思维Layoff-survivor sickness 裁员幸存者心态Layoffs 裁员Leader-member relations 领导者成员关系Leader-participation model 领导者参与模型Leaders 领导者Leadership 领导Leading 领导（职能）Learning 学习Least-preferred co-worker (LPC) questionnaire 最难共事者问卷Legislation 合法，法律Legitimate power 合法权力，合法权Leverage ratios 财务杠杆比率Liaison roles 联络者角色Liaisons with external constituencies 外部客户联络者Like-me effect （在想象别人时，认为别人）与自己相象的效果Line authority 直线职权Linear programming 线性规划Links of suppliers 供应商联系Linkers 联系者Liquidity ratio 流动比率Load chart 负荷图Locus of control 控制中心Long-term plans 长期计划Loyalty 忠心，忠诚MMachiavellianism 马基雅维里主义Maintenance control 维护控制Management 管理Management-by-objectives (MBO)目标管理Management-by-walking around走动管理Management competencies 管理能力Management functions 管理职能Management information systems (MIS) 管理信息系统Management process 管理过程，管理职能Management rights 管理权力Management roles 管理角色Management skills 管理技能Managerial grid 管理方格Managers 管理者，经理Mandatory Retirement Act 强制退休法案Market control 市场控制Marketplace putting importance on managers 市场机制决定了管理者的重要性Matrix structure 矩阵结构Mature teams 成熟团队Maximax/maximin choices 优中选优/劣中选优Measuring 度量，衡量Measuring performance 衡量业绩Mechanistic organization 机械式组织Mentors 导师，教练Merger 合并，并入Message 消息Mexico 墨西哥Midcareer 职业中期Mideast 中东Middle-manager 中层管理者Middle-of-the-road management 中庸之道型管理Minimum wage employees and motivation 最低工资员工和激励Minority domination and group decision making 少数人支配（控制）和群体决策制定Mission statement 使命陈述Monitor role 监督角色Monitoring 监督Morphing 形态Moscow 莫斯科Motivating potential score (MPS) 激励潜力得分Motivation 动机Motivation-hygiene theory 激励保健理论Motivators 激励因素Motor reproduction process 机械再现过程，动力复制过程Multinational corporations (MNCs)多国公司Multiperson comparison 多人比较法Multiple criteria and effective control systems 多重标准和有效控制系统Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)迈耶—布里格斯类型指标NNational borders 国界National cultural differences 民族文化差异National Labor Relations Act 全国劳动力关系法案National Labor Relations Board 全国劳动力关系委员会Need 需要Need for achievement (nAch) 成就需要Need for affiliation (nAff) 归属需要Need for power (nPow) 权力需要Negative feedback 负反馈Negative reinforcement 负强化Negotiation 谈判Negotiator role 谈判者角色Netherlands 荷兰Network organization 网络组织Networking 网络化Neural network 神经网络New Deal 新政New Zealand 新西兰Noise 噪声Nominal group technique 名义群体（决策）技术Nonprogrammed decisions 非程序化决策Nonverbal cues 非语言暗示Norming 规范Norms 规范Not-for-profit vs. Profit organizations 非赢利性与赢利性组织OObjectives 目标Observation 观察Obsolescence 过时Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) 职业安全和健康法案On-the-job training methods 在职培训方法Openness to experience 公开经历Open system 开放系统Operant conditioning 操作性条件反射，操作制约Operating ratios 经营比率Operations control 作业控制Operations management 作业管理Operations research (OR) 运筹学Operations technology 作业技术Operatives 操作者Opportunities 机会Oral communication 口头交流Oral reports 口头报告Order in Fayol's principles of management法约尔管理原则的顺序Orders 命令Organic organization 有机式组织Organization behavior (OB) 组织行为Organization culture 组织文化Organization design 组织设计Organization development (OD) 组织发展Organization size and structure 组织规模与结构Organizational performance and planning 组织绩效与计划Organizing 组织（职能）Orientation 导向，定向Outsourcing 业务外包PPaired comparison approach 两两比较法，配对比较法Pakistan 巴基斯坦Parochialism 狭隘观念Participating style 参与风格Participation and reducing resistance to change 参与以减少变革的阻力Participative leader 参与型领导者Part-time employees 兼职员工Path-goal theory 路径目标理论Pay-for-performance 业绩工资（制）Payoff matrices 工资矩阵Perception 知觉Performance appraisals methods 绩效评估方法Performance evaluations 绩效评估Performance management systems 绩效管理系统Performance-reward linkage 绩效—报酬的关系Performance-simulation tests 绩效模拟测试Performing 执行Personal differences and conflicts 个人差异和冲突Personal factors leading to stress 导致压力的个人因素Personality 个性Personalized service 个性化服务Philippines 菲律宾共和国Philosophy courses 哲学教程（课程）Physical examination 身体检查Physiological needs 生理需要Physiological symptoms 生理表征Plan 计划Plan-do-check-act (PDCA) cycle 计划执行核查行动圈Planning 计划（职能）Policy 政策Political competencies 政治交往能力Political science studies 政治科学研究Political skills 政治技能Polygraph Protection Act 测谎器（使用）保护法案Portugal 葡萄牙Position power 职位权力Positive expectation 正期望，肯定的期望Positive feedback 正反馈Positive reinforcement 正强化Power 权力Power distance 权力差距Pregnancy Discrimination Act （反）孕期歧视法案Presentation skills 表现技能Preventive maintenance 预防维护Principles of management 管理原则Principles of Scientific Management 科学管理原则Privacy Act 隐私权法案Private employment agencies 私人就业代理Problem 问题Problem-solving teams 解决问题团队，问题解决型团队Procedure 程序Process 过程，流程Process approach 过程观念，过程学派Process consultation 过程咨询Process control 过程控制Process departmentalization 按流程划分部门Process value analysis 过程（流程）价值分析Product departmentalization 按产品划分部门Product distribution 产品分配Production-oriented 面向生产的Productivity 生产率Profit-margin-on-revenues ratios 边际销售利润率Profitability ratios 盈利性比率Program evaluation and review technique (PERT) 计划评审技术PERT network PERT 网络Programmed decisions 程序化决策Project management 项目管理Psychological needs 心理需要Psychological symptoms 心理表征Psychology courses 心理学教程（课程）Public employment agencies 公共就业代理机构Public speaking 公开演讲Punishment 惩罚Purchasing costs 采购成本Pygmalion effect 自我实现效应QQualities of employees 员工的能力Qualitative forecasting 定性预测Quality circles 质量小组Quality control 质量控制Quality of life 生活的质量，追求质量的生活观念Quantitative approach 定量方法Quantitative forecasting 定量预测Quantity of life 生活的数量，追求物质的生活观念Queuing theory 排队论RRange of variation （允许）差异范围Ratio analyses 比率分析Rational 理性的，合理的Rational decision making 理性决策Rationality 理性，合理性Readiness 意愿Realistic job preview (RJP) 真实的工作预览Reasonable criteria and effective control systems 合理的标准和有效控制系统Receiver 接收者Recruiting sources 招聘来源Recruitment 招聘Reducing stress 减少压力Reengineering 再造Referent 参量Referent power 参考权力，感召权Referrals 推荐Reinforcement 强化Reject error 错误地拒绝，不该拒绝而拒绝Reliability 可靠性，可靠度Remedial maintenance 补救维护Remuneration 报酬Repetitive tasks 重复性任务Representative heuristic 只依据自己熟悉的事物判断与决策的取巧途径，以偏盖全倾向Resistance to change 变革抵制力量，变革障碍Resource allocator role 资源分配角色Responsibility 职责，责任Restraining forces 约束力Resume preparation 简历准备Retention processes 保持过程Retrenchment strategy 收缩战略Return-on-investment ratios 投资收益率Revenue forecasting 收入预测Reward power 奖赏权力，奖赏权Reward systems 奖励机制Rights view of ethics 道德的权利观Rightsizing 规模调整Risk 风险Robotics 机器人学Role 角色Routineness of task technology 作业技术的常规性Rule 准则，规则Russia 俄罗斯SSafety and health 安全和健康Safety needs 安全需要Salaries 工资Sampling techniques 抽样技术Satisfaction-dissatisfaction continuum 满意—不满意连续体Scalar Chain 等级链Scanning 扫描Scenario 情境Scheduling 进度计划Scheduling devices 计划工具Scheduling options 进度计划可选方案School placements 学校分配Scientific management 科学管理Security and groups 安全和群体Selection process 选择过程Selective perception 选择性知觉，选择性感受Selectivity 选择Self-actualization needs 自我实现需要Self-awareness 自我意识Self-confidence and charismatic leadership 自信和魅力型领导Self-esteem 自尊Self-fulfilling prophesy 自我实现Self-interest concept 利己主义观念Self-managed work teams 自我管理型工作团队Self-management 自我管理Self-monitoring 自我监控Self-motivation 自我激励Self-serving bias 自我服务偏见，完全靠自己成功的偏见Selling style 推销风格Sensitivity to differences 差异敏感性Service organization 服务型组织Sexual harassment 性骚扰Shaping behavior 行为塑造Short-term plans 短期计划Shortcuts 捷径Similarity 相似性，类似Simple structure 简单结构Simulation exercise 模拟练习Singapore 新加坡Single-use plans 一次性计划Situational approach 情境观念，情境学派Situational leadership 情境领导Six sigma 六σ（一种管理理念）Size and structure 规模与结构Size of a group 群体规模Size of the organization 组织规模Skill variety 技能多样性Skills 技能Slack time 松弛时间，富余时间Small business 小企业Social events shaping management approaches 社会事件推动管理学派的发展，社会事件形成管理方法Social information processing (SIP) model 社会信息处理模型Social learning theory 社会学习理论Social loafing 滥竽充数现象Social needs 社会需要Social obligation 社会义务Social responsibility 社会责任Social responsiveness 社会响应Social security 社会安全Social skills 社会技能Sociology studies 社会学研究Software 软件South Africa 南非Span of control 管理幅度Specific plans 具体计划Spokesperson role 发言人角色Stability of tenure of personnel 人员任期的稳定性Stability strategy 稳定战略Staff authority 参谋职权Staffing 人员配备Stages 阶段Stakeholders 利害相关者，利益相关者Standing plan 常用性计划，长期使用计划Status 地位Stereotyping 墨守陈规，因循守旧Storming 震荡Strategic alliances 战略联盟Strategic human resource planning (SHRP)战略人力资源计划Strategic human resource management process 战略人力资源管理过程Strategic management process 战略管理过程Strategic placement and effective control systems 战略地位和有效控制系统Strategic plans 战略计划Strategy and structure 战略与结构Strengths 优势Stress 压力Stressors 压力因素Structure 结构Stuck-in-the-middle strategy 中间战略Styles 风格Subordination of individual interests to the general interest 个人利益服从集体利益Supervision 监督Supervisor 监督者Supply chain management 供应链管理Supportive leader 支持型领导Survey feedback 调查反馈Sweden 瑞典Switzerland 瑞士SWOT analysis SWOT分析Symptoms of stress 压力表征Systems approach 系统观念，系统学派TTactical plans 战术计划Task complexity 任务复杂性Task demands 任务要求Task identity 任务同一性Task management 任务管理Task significance 任务重要性Task structure 任务结构Team building 团队建设Team 团队Team-based structure 基于团队的结构Team management 团队管理Technical competencies 技术专长，业务技能Technical employees 技术员工Techniques 技术Technological forecasting 技术预测Technology 技术Technology transfer 技术转让Telecommuting 电子化“通勤”Telling style 指示风格Temporary employees 临时员工Temporary help services 临时辅助服务Ten Commandments 十诫Theory of justice view of ethics 道德公正观理论Theory X X 理论Theory Y Y 理论Therbligs 基本动作元素Threats 威胁Three-needs theory 三种需要理论360-degree appraisal 360 评估Thruster-organizers 推进者——组织者Timeliness and effective control systems 及时和有效控制系统Time management 时间管理Time-interest-earned ratio 已获利息倍数Titles 头衔Top managers 高层管理者Total assets turnover ratio 总资产周转率Total quality management 全面质量管理Traditional view of conflict 冲突的传统观点Training methods 培训方法Trait theories of leadership 领导的特质理论Traits 性格，特质Transactional leaders 事务型领导Transformation process 变革过程，转换过程Transformational leaders 变革型领导Transnational corporations (TNCs)跨国公司Troubleshooters 麻烦解决者Trust 信任Type A personality type A型个性Type B personality type B型个性Types of control 控制类型Types of plans 计划类型UUncertainty 不确定性Uncertainty avoidance 不确定性规避Understandability and effective control systems 可理解性和有效控制系统Understudy assignment 实习，见习Unified commitment 一致的承诺Uniformity 一致Unions 工会Unity of command 统一指挥Universal applicability of management activities 管理活动的普遍适用性Upholder-maintainers 支持者——维护者Utilitarian view of ethics 道德功利主义观，功利的道德观VValidity 效度Variability 可变性Variable sampling 随机抽样Venezuela 委内瑞拉Verbal intonation 语调Vestibule training 仿真培训Video conference 视频会议，电视会议Vietnam 越南Views 观点Violence 暴力Virtual team 虚拟团队Virtual workplace 虚拟工作环境Visible 明显的，可见的Visionary leadership 富于远见的领导WWeakness 劣势Wealth of nations (Smith) 国富论（史密斯）Well-structured problems 结构化问题Wellness programs 福利计划White water rapids metaphor “急流险滩”观Withholding information 保留信息，截留信息Work design 工作设计Work environment 工作环境Work force diversity 工作人员多样性Work group 工作群体Work process engineering 工作流工程Work schedule options 工作进度可选方案，工作进度备选方案Work specialization 工作专业化，劳动分工Work teams 工作团队Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act 工人调整与再培训通知法案Workflow automation 工作流自动化Workshop 研讨培训班Written communication 书面交流Written essays 书面总结，论文Written tests 书面测试ZZero-based budgeting (ZBB) 零基预算Zero-sum conditions 零和条件，零和约束。
一、品质专业词汇Quality Professional GlossaryQC Quality Control (品质管控)IQC Incoming Quality Control (进料品质管控)IPQC In process Quality Control (制程品质管控)FQC Final Quality Control (终点品质管控)OQC Output Quality Control (最终出货品质管控)QA Quality Assurance (质量保证)TQC Total Quality Control (全面质量管理)FAA First Article Assurance (首件确认)POC Passage Quality Control (段检)OQA Output Quality Assurance (出货质量保证)QE Quality engineering (品质工程)QI Quality Improvement （品质改善）ACC Accept (允收) REE Reject (拒收)AOD Accept On Deviation （特采）CR Critical (极严重的)MAJ Major （主要的）MIN Minor （轻微的）AQL Acceptable Quality Level (品质允收水准)S/S Sample size （抽样检验样本大小）CAR Corrective Action Request (矫正措施要求)C/R Corrective Action （矫正措施）ECN Engineering Change Notes (工程变更通知)(供应商)ECO Engineering Change Order (工程改动要求)(客户)PCN Process Change Notice (工序改动通知)PMP Product Management Plan (生产管制计划)SIP Specification In Process (制程检验规格)SOP Standard Operation Procedure (制造作业规范)IS Inspection Specification (成品检验规范)BOM Bill Of Material (物料清单)PS Package Specification （包装规范）SPEC Specification （规格）CCC China Compulsory Certificate（中国强制认证）QCC Quality Control Circle （品管圈）QIT Quality Improvement Team （品质改善小组）QP Quality Policy （质量方针）QT Quality Target （质量目标）OK OK (好，合格)NG Not Good (不行，不合格)Lot (批) Lot Size (批量)Sample(样本) Sampling(抽样)Defect （缺陷）Inspection(检验)PDCA Plan Do Check Action (计划执行检查总结)5W1H When Where Who What Why How （何时何地何人何事为何怎么做）4M1E Man Machine Material Method Environment (人机器物料方法环境)二、产品词汇Production GlossaryUPS Uninterruptible Power Supply （不间断电源）EPS Emergency Power supply （应急电源）Low Frequency Online UPS (低频在线UPS\工频在线UPS)High Frequency Online UPS (高频在线UPS)On-line UPS (在线UPS)Off ine UPS(离线UPS)Back-up UPS (后备UPS)Line Interactive UPS (在线互动UPS)Electric Power UPS(电力UPS)Home UPS(家用UPS)Inverter (逆变器)Frequency Converter(变频器)AC Stabilized Power Supply (交流稳压电源)DC Power Supply (直流电源)三、电气专用词汇Electric Professional GlossaryInput Voltage (输入电压) Output Voltage (输出电压) Rated Voltage (额定电压) Input Current (输入电流) Output Current (输出电流) Rated Current (额定电流) Input Frequency (输入频率) Output Frequency (输出频率) Rated Frequency (额定功率) Input Power (输入功率) Output Power (输出功率) Rated Power (额定功率) Manual Bypass (手动旁路) Maintenance Bypass (维修旁路)Transform Time (转换时间) Waveform Distortion (波形失真)Phase (相数) Phase Sequence (相序)Single Phase (单相) Three Phase (三相)Efficiency (效率) Load (负载)Temperature (温度) Humidity (湿度)Normal (正常) Abnormal (不正常)Waveform (波形) Sine Wave (正弦波)Square Waveform (方波) Modified Sine Wave (修正正弦波)MIN Minimum （最小值）MAX Maximum (最大值)MIN Power (最小功率) MAX Power (最大功率)Protection (保护) Fault/Failure (故障)Reset (复位) Test (测试)Startup (启动) Shutdown (关闭)Alarm (报警) Silence (静音)Overload Protection (过载保护)Short Circuit Protection (短路保护)Over Temperature Protection (过温保护)Battery Low Voltage Protection (电池低压保护)Rated Battery Voltage (额定电池电压)Charge Voltage (充电电压)Float Voltage (浮充电压)Cycle Voltage (均充电压)Charge Current (充电电流)Isolation Resistance (绝缘电阻)Isolation Intensity (绝缘强度)Grounding Resistance (接地电阻)Leakage current to ground (对地泄漏电流)PF Power Factor (功率因数)CF Crest Factor (峰值因数)AVR Automatic Voltage regulate (自动稳压)EPO Emergency Process Operation (紧急操作程序)REC Rectifier (整流器) BYP Bypass (旁路) BAT Battery (电池)L line (火线) N neutral (零线/中线) G Ground (地 )SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol (简单网络管理协议)USB Universal Serial Bus (通用串行总线架构)SMT surface mount technology (贴片技术)AI Auto-Insertion (自动插件)四、产品包装箱和丝印词汇 Production Packaging-Box And Silk-Screen Glossary Model （型号） Specification (规格)Series (系列)Dimension (尺寸)Quantity (数量) Capacity (容量)Weight (重量) Shipping Weight (运输重量)Net Weight (净重) Gross Weight (毛重)L Length (长度) W Width (宽度)H High (高度) D Depth (深度)Color<英> Colour<美> (颜色)Grey (灰色) Red (红色)Black (黑色) White (白色)Yellow (黄色) Silver (银色)Blue (蓝色) Green (绿色)S/N Serial Number (序列号)TEL Telephone (电话)Modem (调制解调器) FAX (传真)Caution/Warning (警告) Notice (注意)Port (端口) Slot (槽)Parallel Port (并机端口)Communication Port (通讯端口)Intelligent Port (智能端口)Single Mode (单机模式)Parallel Mode （并机模式）五、电子物料词汇 Electron Materiel GlossaryTransformer (变压器) Relay (继电器)Transistor (晶体管) Resistance (电阻)Capacitance (电容) Inductance (电感)Diode (二极管) Audion (三极管)Fuse (保险丝) Buzzer （蜂鸣器）Socket (插座) Plug (插头)Filter (滤波器) Fan (风扇)Circuit Breaker (断路器)Crystal Oscillator (晶振)Touch Screen (触摸屏)LCD Liquid crystal Display (液晶显示屏)LED Light-emitting Diode （发光二极管）MOSFET Metallic Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor（金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管）IGBT Isolated Gate Bipolar Transistor (绝缘双极性晶体管)SCR Silicon Control Rectifier (可控硅)STS Static Transform Switch (静态转换开关)六、其他语言词汇 Other Language Glossary中文英文法文德文西班牙文灰色 gray gris grau gris白色white blanc weiß blanco红色 red rouge rot rojo蓝色 blue bleu blau azul绿色green vert grün verde黑色 black noir Schwarz negro橙色 orange orange orange naranja黄色yellow jaune gelb amarillo。
金融学专业词汇（中英文对照）目录1. 货币与货币制度 (3)2. 国际货币体系与汇率制度 (4)3. 信用、利息与信用形成 (5)4. 金融范畴的形成与发展 (7)5. 金融中介体系 (7)6. 存款货币银行 (9)7. 中央银行 (10)8. 金融市场 (10)9. 资本市场 (13)10. 金融体系结构 (14)11. 金融基础设施 (14)12. 利率的决定作用 (15)13. 货币需求 (16)14. 现代货币的创造机制 (17)15. 货币供给 (17)16. 货币均衡 (18)17. 开放经济的均衡 (18)18. 通货膨胀和通货紧缩 (19)19. 货币政策 (20)20. 货币政策与财政政策的配合 (21)21. 开放条件下的政策搭配与协调 (22)22. 利率的风险结构与期限结构 (22)23. 资产组合与资产定价 (23)24. 商业银行业务与管理 (25)25. 货币经济与实际经济 (26)26. 金融发展与经济增长 (26)27. 金融脆弱性与金融危机 (27)28. 金融监管 (27)1.货币与货币制度货币:(currency)外汇:(foreign exchange)铸币:(coin)银行券:(banknote)纸币:(paper currency)存款货币:(deposit money)价值尺度:(measure of values)货币单位:(currency unit)货币购买力:(purchasing power of money)购买力平价:(purchasing power parity,PPP)流通手段:(means of circulation)购买手段:(means of purchasing)交易的媒介:(media of exchange)支付手段:(means of payment)货币需求:(demand for money)货币流通速度:(velocity of money)保存价值:(store of value)汇率:(exchange rate)一般等价物:(universal equivalent)流动性:(liquidity)通货:(currency)准货币:(quasi money)货币制度:(monetary system)本位制:(standard)金本位:(gold standard)造币:(coinage)铸币税:(seigniorage)本位币:(standard money)辅币:(fractional money)货币法偿能力:(legal tender powers)复本位制:(bimetallic standard)金汇兑本位:(gold exchange standard)金平价:(gold parity)金块本位制:(gold bullion standard)2.国际货币体系与汇率制度浮动汇率制:(floating exchange rate regime)货币局制度:(currency board arrangement)联系汇率制度:(linked exchange rate system)美元化:(dollarization)最优通货区理论:(theory of optimum currency area)货币消亡:(money disappearance)外汇:(foreign currency)外汇管理:(exchange regulation)外汇管制:(exchange control)可兑换:(convertibility)不可兑换:(inconvertibility)经常项目:(current account)资本项目:(capital account)汇率:(exchange rate)牌价:(posted price)直接标价法:(direct quotation)间接标价法:(indirect quotation)单一汇率:(unitary exchange rate)多重汇率:(multiple exchange rate)市场汇率:(market exchange rate)官方汇率:(official exchange rate)黑市:(black market)固定汇率:(fixed exchange rate)浮动汇率:(floating exchange rate)管理浮动:(managed float)盯住汇率制度:(pegged exchange rate regime)固定钉住:(fixed peg)在水平带内的盯住:(pegged within horizontal bands)爬行钉住:(crawling peg)外汇指定银行:(designated foreign exchange bank)货币的对外价值:(external value of exchange)货币的对内价值:(internal value of exchange)名义汇率:(nominal exchange rate)实际汇率:(real exchange rate)铸币平价:(mint parity)金平价:(gold parity)黄金输送点:(gold transport point)国际借贷说:(theory of international indebtedness)流动债权:(current claim)流动负债:(current liablity)国际收支说:(theory of balance payment)汇兑心理说:(psychology theory of exchange rate)货币分析说:(monetary approach)金融资产说:(portfolio theory of exchange rate determination)利率平价理论:(theory of interest rate parity)外汇风险:(exchange risk)中国的外汇调剂:(foreign exchange swap)3.信用、利息与信用形成信用:(credit)利息:(interest)收益:(yield)资本化:(capitalization of interest)高利贷:(usury)利率:(interest rate)债权:(claim)债务:(debt obligation)借入:(borrowing)贷出:(lending)盈余:(surplus)赤字:(deficit)跨时预算约束:(intertemporal budget constraint)资金流量:(flow of funds)部门:(sector)借贷资本:(loan capital)实体:(real)商业信用:(commercial credit)银行信用:(bank credit)本票:(promissory note)汇票:(bill of exchange)商业本票:(commercial paper)商业汇票:(commercial bill)承兑:(acceptance)背书:(endorsement)直接融资:(direct finance)间接融资:(indirect finance)短期国库卷:(treasury bill)中期国库卷:(treasury note)长期国库卷:(treasury bond)国债:(national debt)公债:(public debt)资本输出:(export of capital)国际资本流动:(international capital flow)国外商业性借贷:(foreign direct investment,FDI)国际游资:(hot money)4.金融范畴的形成与发展财政:(public finance)公司理财:(corporate finance)投资:(investment)保险:(insurance)财产保险:(property insurance)人身保险:(mutual life insurance)相互人寿保险:(mutual life insurance)信托:(trust)租赁:(leasing)5.金融中介体系金融中介:(financial intermediary)金融机构:(financial institution)借者:(borrower)贷者:(lender)货币中介:(monetary intermediation)权益资本:(equity capital)中央银行:(central bank)货币当局:(monetary authority)存款货币银行:(deposit money bank)商业银行:(commercial bank)投资银行:(investment bank)商人银行:(merchant bank)财务公司:(financial companies)储蓄银行:(saving bank)抵押银行:(mortgage bank)信用合作社:(credit cooperative)保险业:(insurance industry)跨国银行:(multinational bank)代表处:(representative office)经理处:(agency)分行:(branch)子银行:(subsidiary)联营银行:(affiliate)国际财团银行:(consortium bank)中国人民银行:(People’s Bank of China)政策性银行:(policy banks)国有商业银行:(state-owned commercial banks)资产管理公司:(assets management company)证券公司:(securities company)券商:(securities dealer)农村信用合作社:(rural credit cooperatives)城市信用合作社:(urban credit cooperatives)信托投资公司:(trust and investment companies)信托:(trust)金融租赁:(financial leasing)邮政储蓄:(postal savings)财产保险:(property insurance)商业保险:(commercial insurance)社会保险:(social insurance)保险深度:(insurance intensity)保险密度:(insurance density)投资基金:(investment funds)证券投资基金:(security funds)封闭式基金:(closed-end investment funds)开放式基金:(open-end investment funds)私募基金:(private placement)风险投资基金:(venture funds)特别提款权:(special drawing right,SDR)国有化:(nationalization)6.存款货币银行货币兑换商:(money dealer)银行业:(banking)贴现率:(discount rate)职能分工型商业银行:(functional division commercial bank)全能型商业银行:(multi-function commercial bank)综合性商业银行:(comprehensive commercial bank)单元银行制度:(unit banking system)总分行制度:(branch banking system)代理行制度:(correspondent banking system)银行控股公司制度:(share holding banking system)连锁银行制度:(chains banking system)金融创新:(financial innovation)自动转账制度:(automatic transfer services,ATS)可转让支付命令账户:(negotiable order of withdrawal account,NOW)货币市场互助基金:(money market mutual fund,MMMF)货币市场存款账户:(money market deposit account,MMDA)不良债权:(bad claim)坏账:(bad loan)不良贷款:(non-performing loans,NPL)存款保险制度:(deposit insurance system)金融资本:(financial capital)7.中央银行中央银行:(central bank)一元式中央银行制度:(unit central bank system)二元式中央银行制度:(dual central bank system)复合中央银行制度:(compound central bank system)跨国中央银行制度:(multinational central bank system)发行的银行:(bank of issue)银行的银行:(bank of bank)最后贷款人:(lender of last resort)再贴现:(rediscount)在抵押:(recollateralize)国家的银行:(the state bank)8.金融市场金融市场:(financial market)证券化:(securitization)金融资产:(financial assets)金融工具:(financial instruments)金融产品:(financial products)衍生金融产品:(derivative financial products)原生金融产品:(underlying financial products)流动性:(liquidity)变现:(encashment)买卖差价:(bid-ask spread)做市商:(market marker)到期日:(due date)信用风险:(credit risk)市场风险:(market risk)名义收益率:(nominal yield)现时收益率:(current yield)平均收益率:(average yield)内在价值:(intrinsic value)直接融资:(direct finance)间接融资:(indirect finance)货币市场:(money market)资本市场:(capital market)现货市场:(spot market)期货市场:(futures market)机构投资人:(institutional investor)资信度:(credit standing)融通票据:(financial paper)银行承兑票据:(bank acceptance)贴现:(discount)大额存单:(certificates of desposit,CDs)回购:(counterpurchase)回购协议:(repurchase agreement)隔夜:(overnight)银行同业间拆借市场:(interbank market)合约:(contract)远期:(forward)期货:(futures)期权:(options)看涨期权:(call option)看跌期权:(put option)期权费:(option premium)互换:(swap)投资基金:(investment funds)契约型基金:(contractual type investment fund)单位型基金:(unit funds)基金型基金:(funding funds)公司型基金:(corporate type investment fund)投资管理公司:(investment management company)共同基金:(mutual fund)对冲基金:(hedge fund)风投基金:(venture fund)权益投资:(equity investment)收益基金:(income funds)增长基金:(growth funds)长期增长基金:(long-term growth funds)高增长基金:(go-go groeth funds)货币市场基金:(money market funds)养老基金:(pension fund)外汇市场:(foreign exchange market)风险资本:(venture capital)权益资本:(equity capital)私人权益资本市场:(private equity market)有限合伙制:(limited partnership)交易发起:(deal origination)筛选投资机会:(screening)评价:(evaluation)交易设计:(deal structure)投资后管理:(post-investment activities)创业板市场:(growth enterprise market,GEM)二板市场:(secondary board market)金融创新:(financial innovation)金融自由化:(financial liberalization)全球化:(globalization)离岸金融市场:(off-shore financial center)9.资本市场权益:(equity)剩余索取权:(residual claims)证券交易所:(stock exchange)交割:(delivery)过户:(transfer ownership)场外交易市场:(over the counter,OTC)金融债券:(financial bond)抵押债券:(mortgage bond)担保信托债券:(collateral trust bonds)信用债券:(trust bonds)次等信用债券:(subordinated debenture)担保债券:(guaranteed bonds)初级市场:(primary market)二级市场:(secondary market)公募:(public offering)私募:(private offering)有价证券:(security)面值:(face value)市值:(market value)股票价格指数:(share price index)有效市场假说:(effective market hypothesis)弱有效市场:(weak efficient market)中度有效市场:(semi-efficient market)强有效市场:(strong efficient market)股份公司:(stock certificate)股票:(stock certificate)股东:(stock holder)所有权:(ownership)经营权:(right of management)10.金融体系结构功能主义金融观:(perspective of financial function)金融体系格局:(pattern of financial system)激励:(incentive)公司治理:(corporate governance)路径依赖:(path dependency)市场主导型:(market-oriented type)银行主导型:(banking-oriented type)参与成本:(participative cost)影子银行体系:(the shadow banking system)11.金融基础设施金融基础设施:(financial infrastructures)支付清算系统:(payment and clearing system)跨境支付系统:(cross-border inter-bank payment system,CIPS)全额实时结算:(real time gross system)净额批量清算:(bulk transfer net system)大额资金转账系统:(whole sale funds transfer system)小额定时结算系统:(fixed time retail system)票据交换所:(clearing house)金融市场基础设施:(financial market infrastructures)中央交易对手:(central counterparties,CCPs)双边清算体系:(bilateral clearing system)系统重要性支付体系核心原则:(the core principles for systemically important payment system)证券清算体系建议:(the recommendations for central counterparties)中央交易对手建议:(the recommendations for central counterparties)金融业标准:(financial standards)盯市:(mark-to-market)公允价值:(fair value)金融部门评估规划:(financial sector assessment program)12.利率的决定作用可贷资金论:(loanable funds theory of interest)储蓄的利率弹性:(interest elasticity of saving)投资的利率弹性:(interest elasticity of investment)本金:(principal)回报率:(returns)基准利率:(benchmark interest rate)无风险利率:(risk-free interest rate)补偿:(compensation)风险溢价:(risk premium)实际利率:(real interest rate)名义利率:(nominal interest rate)固定利率:(fixed interest rate)浮动利率:(floating rate)官定利率:(official interest rate)行业利率:(trade-regulated rate)一般利率:(general interest rate)优惠利率:(preferential interest rate)贴息贷款:(loan of interest subsidy)年利率:(annual interest rate)月利率:(monthly interest rate)日利率:(daily interest rate)拆息:(call money interest)13.货币需求货币需求:(demand for money)货币数量论:(quantity theory of money)货币必要量:(volume of money needed)货币流通速度:(velocity of money)交易方程式:(equation of exchange)剑桥方程式:(equation of Cambridge)现金交易说:(cash transaction approach)现金余额说:(cash balance theory)货币需求动机:(motive of the demand for money)交易动机:(transaction motive)预防动机:(precautionary motive)投机动机:(speculative motive)流动性偏好:(liquidity preference)流动性陷阱:(liquidity trap)平方根法则:(square-root rule)货币主义:(monetarism)恒久性收入:(permanent income)机会成本变量:(opportunity cost variable)名义货币需求:(nominal demand for money)实际货币需求:(real demand for money)客户保证金:(customer’s security marign)金融资产选择:(portfolio selection)14.现代货币的创造机制纯流通费用:(pure circulation cost)原始存款:(primary deposit)派生存款:(derivative deposit)派生乘数:(withdrawal multiplier)现金损露:(loss of cashes)提现率:(withdrawal rate)创造乘数:(creation multiplier)现金:(currency)基础货币:(base money)高能货币:(high-power money)货币乘数:(money multiplier)铸币收入:(seigniorage revenue)15.货币供给货币供给:(money supply)准货币:(quasi money)名义货币供给:(nominal money supply)实际货币供给:(real money supply)股民保证金:(shareholder’s security margin)货币存量:(money stock)公开市场操作:(open-market operation)贴现政策:(discount policy)再贴现率:(rediscount rate)法定准备金率:(legal reserve ratio)财富效应:(wealth effect)预期报酬率变动效应:(effect of expected yields change)现金持有量:(currency holdings)超额准备金:(excess reserves)外生变量:(exogenous variable)内生变量:(endogenous variable)16.货币均衡均衡:(equilibrium)投资饥渴:(huger for investment)软预算约束:(soft budget constraint)总需求:(aggregate demand)总供给:(aggregate supply)面纱论:(money veil theory)流:(flow)余额:(stock)17.开放经济的均衡国际收支:(balance of payments)居民:(resident)非居民:(nonresident)国际收支平衡表:(statement for balance of payments)经常项目:(current account)资本和金融项目:(capital and financial account)储备资产:(reserve assets)净误差与遗漏:(net errors and missions)自主性交易:(autonomous transaction)调节性交易:(accommodating transaction)偿债率:(debt service ratio)顺差:(surplus)逆差:(deficit)最后清偿率:(last liquidation ratio)资本流动:(capital movements)项目融资:(project finance)外债:(external debt)资本外逃:(capital flight)冲销性操作:(sterilized operation)非冲销性操作:(unsterilized operation)债务率:(debt ratio)负债率:(liability ratio)差额:(balance)18.通货膨胀和通货紧缩通货膨胀:(inflation)恶性通货膨胀:(rampant inflation)爬行通货膨胀:(creeping inflation)温和通货膨胀:(moderate inflation)公开性通货膨胀:(open inflation)显性通货膨胀:(evident inflation)隐蔽性通货膨胀:(hidden inflation)输入型通货膨胀:(import of inflation)结构性通货膨胀:(structural inflation)通货膨胀率:(inflation rate)居民消费物价指数:(CPI)零售物价指数:(RPI)批发物价指数:(WPI)冲减指数:(deflator)需求拉上型通货膨胀:(demand-pull inflation)成本推动型通货膨胀:(cost-push inflation)工资-价格螺旋上升:(wage-price spiral)强制储蓄:(forced saving)收入分配效应:(distributional effect of income)财富分配效应:(distributional effect of wealth)滞胀:(stagflation)工资膨胀率:(wage inflation)紧缩性货币政策:(tight monetary policy)紧缩银根:(tight money)紧缩信贷:(tight squeeze)指数化:(indexation)通货紧缩:(deflation)19.货币政策货币政策:(monetary policy)金融政策:(financial policy)货币政策目标:(goal of monetary policy)通货膨胀目标制:(inflation targeting)逆风向原则:(principle of leaning against the wind)反周期货币政策:(counter cycle monetary policy)相机抉择:(discretionary)单一规则:(single rule)告示效应:(bulletin effects)直接信用控制:(direct credit)信用配额:(credit allocation)流动性比率:(liquidity ratio)间接信用控制:(indirect credit control)道义劝告:(moral suasion)窗口指导:(window guidence)信用贷款:(lending)传导机制:(conduction mechanism)中介指标:(intermediate target)信贷配给:(credit rationing)资产负债表渠道:(balance sheet channel)时滞:(time lag)预期:(expectation)透明度:(transparency)信任:(credibility)软着陆:(soft landing)20.货币政策与财政政策的配合赤字:(deficit)经常性收入:(current revenue)税:(tax)费:(fee)经常性支出:(current expenditure)资本性收入:(capital revenue)补助:(grant)资本性支出:(capital expenditure)账面赤字:(book deficit)隐蔽赤字:(hidden deficit)预算外:(off-budget)透支:(overdraft)净举债:(net fiancing)未清偿债券:(outstanding debt)或有债务:(contingent liability)准备货币:(reserve money)国债依存度:(public debt dependency)国债负担率:(public debt-to-GDP ratio)国债偿债率:(government debt-service ratio)财政政策:(fiscal policy)补偿性财政货币政策:(compensatory fiscal and monetary policy) 21.开放条件下的政策搭配与协调米德冲突:(Meade’s conflict)国际政策协调:(international policy coordination)信息交换:(information exchange)危机管理:(crisis management)避免共享目标变量的冲突:(avoiding conflicts over shared targets)合作确定中介目标:(cooperation intermediate targeting)部分协调:(full coordination)汇率目标区:(target zone of exchange rate)马歇尔-勒纳条件:(Marshall-Lerner condition)J曲线效应:(J curve effect)22.利率的风险结构与期限结构单利:(simple interest)复利:(compound interest)现值:(present value)终值:(future value)竞价拍卖:(open-outcry auction)贴现值:(present discount value)利率管制:(interest rate control)利率管理体制:(interest rate regulation system)存贷利差:(interest rate regulation system)利率风险结构:(risk structure of interest rates)违约风险:(default risk)利率期限结构:(term structure of interest rates)即期利率:(spot rate of interest)远期利率:(forward rate of interest)到期收益率:(yield to maturity)现金流:(cash floe)预期理论:(expectation theory)流动性理论:(liquidity theory)偏好理论:(preferred habitat theory)市场隔断理论:(market segmentation theory) 23.资产组合与资产定价市场风险:(market risk)信用风险:(credit risk)流动性风险:(liquidity risk)操作风险:(operational risk)法律风险:(legal risk)政策风险:(policy risk)道德风险:(moral hazard)主权风险:(sovereign risk)市场流动性风险:(product liquidity)现金流风险:(cash flow)执行风险:(execution risk)欺诈风险:(fraud risk)遵守与监管风险:(compliance and regulatory risk)资产组合理论:(portfolio theory)系统性风险:(systematic risk)非系统性风险:(nonsystematic risk)效益边界:(efficient frontier)价值评估:(evaluation)市盈率:(price-earning ratio)资产定价模型:(asset pricing model)资本资产定价模型:(capital asset pricing model,CAPM)无风险资产:(risk-free assets)市场组合:(market portfolio)多要素模型:(multifactorCAPM)套利定价理论:(arbitrage pricing theory,APT)期权加价:(option premium)内在价值:(intrinsic value)时间价值:(time value)执行价格:(strike price)看涨期权:(call option)看跌期权:(put option)对冲型的资产组合:(hedge portfolios)套利:(arbitrage)无套利均衡:(no-arbitrage equilibrium)均衡价格:(equilibrium price)多头:(long position)空头:(short position)动态复制:(dynamic replication)头寸:(position)风险偏好:(risk preference)风险中性:(risk neutral)风险厌恶:(risk averse)风险中性定价:(risk-netural pricing)24.商业银行业务与管理银行负责业务:(liability business)存款:(deposit)活期存款:(demand deposit)支票存款:(check deposit)透支:(overdraft)定期存款:(time deposit)再贴现:(rediscount)金融债券:(financial bond)抵押贷款:(mortgage loan)信用贷款:(credit loan)通知贷款:(demand loan)真实票据论:(real bill doctrine)商业贷款理论:(commercial loan theory)证券投资:(portfolio investment)中间业务:(middleman business)表外业务:(off-balance sheet business)无风险业务:(risk-free business)汇款:(remittance)信用证:(letter of credit)商品信用证:(commercial letter of credit)代收业务:(business of collection)代客买卖业务:(business of commission)承兑网络银行:(internet bank)虚拟银行:(virtual bank)企业对个人:(B2C)企业对企业:(B2B)挤兑:(bank runs)资产管理:(assets management)自偿性:(self-liquidation)可转换性理论:(convertibility theory)预期收入理论:(anticipated income theory)负债管理:(liability management)资产负债综合管理:(comprehensive management of assets and liability)风险管理:(risk management)在险价值:(value at risk,VAR)25.货币经济与实际经济两分法:(dichotomy)实际经济:(real economy)货币经济:(monetary economy)虚拟资本:(monetary capital)泡沫经济:(bubble economy)虚拟经济:(virtual economy)货币中性:(neutrality of money)相对价格:(relative price)货币面纱:(monetary veil)瓦尔拉斯均衡:(Walras equilibrium)一般均衡理论:(theory of general equilibrium)超中性:(super-neutrality)26.金融发展与经济增长金融发展:(financial development)金融自由化:(financial liberalization)金融深化:(financial deepening)金融压抑:(financial repression)金融机构化:(financial institutionalization)分层比率:(gradation ratio)金融相关率:(financial interrelation ratio,FIR)货币化率:(monetarization ratio)脱媒:(distintermediation)导管效应:(tube effect)27.金融脆弱性与金融危机金融脆弱性:(financial fragility)金融风险:(financial risk)长周期:(long cycles)安全边界:(margins of safety)汇率超调理论:(theory of exchange rate over shooting)金融危机:(financial crises)资产管理公司:(asset management corporation,AMC)金融恐慌:(financial panic)优先/次级抵押贷款债券:(senior/subordinate structure) 28.金融监管金融监管:(financial regulation)公共选择:(public choice)最低资本要求:(minimum capital requirements)监管当局的监管:(supervisory review process)市场纪律:(market discipline)宏观审慎框架:(macro-prudential framework)分行:(branch)子行:(subsidiary)并表监管:(consolidated supervision)。
For four years in a row（连续四年）a year-on-year increase（比上年增加）reform and opening up policy（改革开放政策）social programs（社会事业）per capita（每人的，人均的）after adjusting for inflation（扣除价格因素）moderately prosperous society（小康社会）macroeconomic regulatory（宏观调控）new socialist countryside（社会主义新农村）pursuant to the law（依法）rural migrant workers in cities（农民工）surplus production capacity（生产力过剩）opened to traffic（通车）energy conservation（节能）state-owned enterprises（国有企业）civil servant（公务员）made breakthroughs（取得突破）compulsory education（义务教育）miscellaneous fees（杂费）boarding schools（寄宿制学校）distance education（远程教育）secondary vocational schools（中等职业学校）incorporated villages（行政村）unincorporated villages（自然村）After years of effort（经过多年努力）basic cost of living allowances（最低生活保障）autonomous regions（自治区）free our minds（解放思想）keep pace with the times（与时俱进）Chinese socialism（中国特色社会主义）social harmony（社会和谐）special administrative regions（特别行政区）prudent fiscal policy.（稳健的财政政策）boosting domestic demand（扩大内需）cutting-edge（前沿）displaced residents（（三峡）移民）non-publicly funded schools（民办学校）school year（学年）communicable diseases（传染病）social safety net（社会保障）discharged military personnel（退伍军人）pyramid schemes（传销）pilot project（试点）Income Tax（所得税）futures market（期货市场）high value-added（高附加值）high-end（高端）cutthroat competition（恶性竞争）combat corruption（反腐）hand over foot（大手大脚）plug up loopholes（堵塞漏洞）People's Armed Police（武警）starting point and objective（出发点和落脚点）socialist market economy（社会主义市场经济）Scientific Outlook on Development（科学发展观）harmonious socialist society（社会主义和谐社会）tailor measures to suit local conditions（因地制宜）South-to-North Water Diversion Project（南水北调）administrative examination and approval（行政审批）follow a realistic and pragmatic approach（实事求是）exercise activities for the general public（全民健身活动）large-scale development of the western region（西部大开发）processing industry for agricultural products（农产品加工业）municipalities directly under the central government（直辖市）primary, secondary and tertiary industry（第一第二第三产业）deliver a good report to the people.（向人民交出满意的答卷）socialist cultural and ethical progress（社会主义精神文明建设）give full play to the initiative of each.（充分发挥各自的积极性）registering the third consecutive annual increase（连续三年增加）physically and mentally challenged persons（残疾人，肢残和智残）resource-conserving and environmentally friendly society.（资源节约型和环境友好型社会）ensure that all of the people share in the fruits of reform and development.（让全体人民共享改革发展的成果）。
1600基础词汇单词Aa (an)*abilityableaboutabove abroad*absent*accent accept accident*ache*achieve acrossactaction active activity*add address advantage advertisement advice*advise affordafraidafter afternoon again againstageagoagree*agreement air*airline*airplane 词性词频中文意义art 3n 2 能力；才能a 3 有能力的；能够prep & ad 3 大约；到处；关于prep 2 在…的上面a & ad 1 到国外a 缺席的；不在；n 口音；音调v 3 接受n 1 事故；意外的事n 疼；疼痛v 达到；取得prep 3 穿过n & v 3 法令,条例;扮演(角色),演戏;行动n 3 行动a 2 主动的；积极的n 2 活动v 增加n 2 地址n 2 优点；好处n 广告n 2 建议；忠告；劝告v 建议；忠告；劝告v 1 负担得起；抽得出（时间）a 1 害怕的ad,prep & conj 3 在…之后n 2 下午ad 3 又prep 3 反对；对着n 3 年龄；时代ad 3 以前v 3 同意n 同意，一致；协定n 3 空气航空公司n 飞机*airport aliveallallow almost alone along aloud already also although always America American among*ancient and angry animal another answer*antany anybody anyone anything *anyway *anywhere appear apple April areaarm*army around arriveart*articleas n 飞机场；航空站a 1 活着的；存在的a & pron 3 全部的;全部v 3 允许；准许ad 3 几乎；差不多a 2 孤单的；独自地ad & prep 3 向前；一同；沿着ad 大声地ad 3 已经ad 3 也conj 3 虽然；尽管ad 3 总是；一直；永远n 美国a & n 美国的prep 3 在（三个以上）之间;a 古代的；古老的conj 3 和a 1 生气的；愤怒的n 2 动物a & pron 3 另一个；再一的n & v 3 回答；答案n 蚂蚁pron & a 3 一些；任何；pron 1 任何人；无论谁pron 2 任何人；无论谁pron 3 任何事；什么事ad 无论如何；不管怎样ad 任何地方v 3 出现n 1 苹果n 四月n 3 地区；面积n 3 胳膊；武器n 军队prep & ad 3 大约；在…周围v 2 到达；到来n 3 艺术；美术；技艺n 文章；东西；物品；冠词ad,conj & prep 3 像；当…时候；由于；作为Asia*Asianaskasleepat*AtlanticattentionAugustauntAustraliaAustralianautumn*available*avoid*awakeawayBbabyback*backgroundbad (worse,worst)bagballballoonbamboobananabank*baseball*basicbasketbasketball*bathroombe (is...was...being,been) beachbeatbeautifulbecausebecome (became,become) n 亚洲a & n 亚洲的；亚洲人v 3 问；请求；要求；邀请a 睡着的；熟睡的prep 3n & a 大西洋（的）n 2 注意；关心n 八月n 2 姑姑；姨妈n 澳大利亚a & n 澳大利亚的（人）n 1 秋天a 可得到的v 避免v 醒着的ad 3 远离n 2 婴儿ad & n 3 向后；后背; 后面的n 背景a 3 坏的；有害的；不利的n 2 包；口袋n 2 球n 气球n 竹子n 香蕉n 3 银行；岸；堤n 棒球a 主要的；基本的n 篮子n 篮球n 浴室；盥洗室aux v 3 是n 1 海滩；湖滩n &v 2 熊；承受；负担v & n 3 敲打；跳动；赢；节拍a 2 魅力的；美观的；conj 3 因为v 3 变成；成为bedbedroombeebeefbeforebegin (began,begun) *behaviourbehindbelievebellbelowbesidebesidesbetween*beyondbigbike=bicyclebillbird*birthbirthday*biscuitbit*bitterblackblackboardblind*bloodblow (blew,blown) boardboatbodybookboringbornborrow*bossboth n 2 床n 1 卧室；寝室n 蜜蜂n 牛肉prep,ad&conj 3 在…以前；在…前面v 3 开始；着手n 行为prep 3 在…后面; 在后面v 3 相信；认为n 1 铃；钟prep 2 在…的下面；向下prep 1 在…旁边；靠近prep & ad 1 除…之外；还有prep 3 (两者)之间prep 在…的那边a 3 大的n 1 自行车n 2 账单；法案；钞票n 2 鸟n 出生；诞生n 1 生日n 饼干n 3 一点a 苦的a & n 3 黑色的；黑色n 黑板a 1 瞎的n 血v 2 刮风n & a 3 蓝色的；蓝色n 2 木板；布告板n 2 船n 3 身体n 3 书a 无聊的；乏味的a 2 出生v 1 借n 老板pron & a 3 两者都bottlebottombowlboxboy*brainbravebreadbreak (broke,broken) breakfast*breathbreathebridgebrightbring (brought,brought) brotherbrownbrushbuild (built,built) buildingburn (-ed,ed/burnt,burnt) busbusinessbusybutbutter*butterflybuy (bought,bought)bybye n 2 瓶子n 2 底部n 1 碗；钵n 2 盒子；箱子n 3 男孩n 大脑；a 1 勇敢的；无畏的n 1 面包v & n 3 打破，损坏；休息n 1 早餐n 呼吸v 1 呼吸n 2 桥a 2 明亮的；聪明的v 3 带来；拿来；取来n 3 兄，弟n & a 3 棕色（的）；褐色（的）v & n 1 刷，擦；刷子v 3 建造；建筑；构筑n 3 房屋；建筑物v 2 燃，烧，着火；使晒黑；n 1 公共汽车n 3 商业；买卖；交易a 1 忙碌的；繁忙的conj 3 但是n 1 黄油n 蝴蝶v 3 买；购买；采购prep 3在…旁/之前;通过…方式;由,被interj 1再见C*cabbage n 卷心菜cake n 1 蛋糕call v & n 3 打电话；电话camel n 骆驼camera n 2 照相机*camp n & v 露营can modal v 3 能够Canada n 加拿大*cancel v 取消candle n 蜡烛cancer n 2 癌症candy n 糖果cap n 1 帽子capital n 3 首都*captain n 队长；机长car n 3 小汽车card n 2 卡片care v & n 3 认真；小心；careful a 2 小心的；认真的careless a 粗心的carry v 3 搬运；携带cat n 1 猫catch (caught,caught) v 2 抓住cause n & v 3 起因；；引起CD n 1 光盘*CD-ROM n. 光驱驱动器；*ceiling n 天花板celebrate v 1 庆祝cent n 分centre n 3 中心century n 3 世纪certain a 1 有把握的；确信的chair n 2 椅子*chairman/woman n 主席chalk n 粉笔chance n 3 机会；可能性change v 3 改变*chant n &v 说唱cheap a 2 便宜的*cheat v 欺骗；作弊check n & v 2 检查*cheer n & v 欢呼cheese n 1 奶酪chemistry n 化学chess n 棋*chest n 胸部chicken n 1 鸡；鸡肉child (pl.children) n 3 孩子China n 中国Chinese a & n 中国的chocolate n 1 巧克力*choice n 选择choose (chose,chosen) v 2 选择*chopsticks n 筷子Christmas n 圣诞节*church n 教堂cinema n 1 电影院circle n & v 2 圆；绕…旋转city n 3 城市*clap v & n 鼓掌；轻拍class n 3 班；年级；课classmate n 同班同学classroom n 教室clean a & v 2 弄干净，擦干净；清洁的，干净的clear a 3 清晰的；明亮的；清楚的clever a 1 聪明的，伶俐的climb v 1 爬，攀登clock n 1 钟*clone v 克隆close v & a 3 关；亲密的；近，靠近clothes n 2 布cloud n 1 云；云状物；阴影cloudy a 多云的，阴天的club n 3 俱乐部；纸牌中的梅花*coach n 教练；马车；长途车coal n 1 煤；煤块*coast n 海岸；海滨coat n 1 外套；涂层；表皮；皮毛coffee n 1 咖啡coin n 硬币coke n 可口可乐cold a & n 2 冷的；寒冷；感冒，collect v 2 收集，搜集college n 2 学院；专科学校colour (Am color) n & v 3 颜色；给…着色，涂色come (came,come) v 3 来，来到comfortable a 1 舒服的；安逸的；*common a 普通的，一般的；共有的*communicate v 交际；传达（感情，信息等）*communication n 交际；交往；通讯company n 3 公司*compare v 比较，对照*competition n 比赛，竞赛*complete a & v 完成的；完成，结束*composition n 作文；作曲computer n 2 电子计算机concert n 1 音乐会；演奏会*condition n 条件，状况*conference n （正式的）会议；讨论connect v 连接，把……联系起来*consider v 考虑；认为*continue v 继续*control v 控制conversation n 1 谈话，交谈cook v & n 2 炊事员，厨师；烹调，*cooker n 炊具cool a 2 凉的，凉爽的；酷copy n & v 2 抄本/写,副本;一本;复印;拷(备份盘) corner n 2 角；角落；拐角correct v & a 2 改正；纠正;正确的cost v & n 3 花费；成本cotton n & a 1 棉花；棉cough n & v 1 咳嗽could modal v 3 能count v 2 计；数country n 3 国家；乡村，乡下countryside n 1 乡下；农村*couple n 两三个；夫妇；一对*courage n 勇气*course n 课程；过程；经过；cousin n 2 堂（表）兄弟（姐妹）；cover n &v 3 盖子；罩；覆盖，cow n 1 母牛，奶牛*crayon n 蜡笔；蜡笔画*crazy a 疯狂的*create v 创造；造成cross v &n 2 十字形的东西；穿过*cruel a 残忍的，残酷的；无情的cry n & v 2 叫喊，哭声；喊叫；哭culture n 2 文化cup n 3 茶杯cut (cut,cut) v & n 3 切，剪，削，割伤口Ddad (daddy) n 1 （口语）爸爸，爹爹*daily a,ad & n 每日的；日报dance v & n 2 跳舞；舞蹈danger n 2 危险dangerous a 2 危险的dare v & aux v 1 敢；敢于dark a &n 2 黑暗；暗处；日暮；暗淡的；深色的date n 2 日期；约会；枣daughter n 3 女儿day n 3 天，日；白天dead a 2 死的；无生命的*deaf a 聋的deal v 1 量，数额；交易dear a 1 亲爱的；贵的death n 2 死December n 十二月decide v 3 决定；下决心decision n 3 决定；决心deep a & ad 2 深的；深地*degree n 程度；度数；学位delicious a 美味的，可口的*dentist n 牙科医生*depend v 依靠，依赖，指望；取决于describe v 3 描写，叙述desk n 2 书桌，写字台develop v 3 （使）发展/发达/发育;开发;冲洗（照片）*development n 发展，发达，发育，开发dialogue (Am dialog) n 1 对话diary n 1 日记；日记簿dictionary n 词典，字典die v 3 死的；无生命的difference n 2 不同different a 3 不同的，有差异的difficult a 3 难的；艰难的；不易相处的difficulty n 2 困难，费力dig (dug,dug) v 1 挖；掘dinner n 2 正餐，宴会*direct a & v 直接的；直达的；*direction n 方向；方位director n 3 所长，主任；董事；导演dirty a 1 污物；脏物discover v 2 发现*discovery n 发现discuss v 2 讨论；议论discussion n 2 讨论；议论disease n 2 病；疾病dish n 1 盘，碟；盘装菜；盘形物*dismiss v 遣散；解散；解雇*disturb v 扰乱；打扰divide v 2 分，划分do (did,done) v 3 做，干doctor n 2 医生，大夫；博士dog n 2 狗doll n 玩偶，玩具娃娃dollar n 3 美元door n 3 门double a & n 2 两倍的；双的；两个；*doubt n & v 怀疑，疑惑down ad & prep 3 沿着，向下downstairs ad 在楼下；到楼下*dozen n 十二个；几十，许多draw (drew,drawn) v 3 绘画；拉，拖；提取（金钱）*drawer n 抽屉dream (-ed/dreamt) v & n 2 梦，梦想dress n & v 2 女服,连衣裙;(统指)服装;童装;穿衣/着drink (drank,drunk) v & n 2 饮料；喝酒drive (drove,driven) v 3 驾驶，开（车）；驱赶driver n 2 司机，驾驶员drop n & v 2 滴；掉下；投递；放弃*drug n 药，药物；毒品*drum n 鼓dry v & a 2 擦干；干的；干燥的duck n 鸭子dumpling n 饺子during prep 3 在…期间；在…过程中duty n 2 责任，义务*DVD n 数码影碟Eeach a & pron 3 每人，每个，每件ear n 1 耳朵；耳状物；听力，听觉early a &ad 3 早的;早地earth n 2 地球；土，泥；大地east n,a & ad 3 东方(的)；朝/在/向东的；从东方；easy a 3 容易的，不费力的eat (ate,eaten) v 2 吃*edge n 边缘education n 2 教育，培养*effort n 努力，艰难的尝试egg n 2 蛋；卵eight num 3 八eighteen num 3 十八eighth num 2 第八个eighty num 3 八十either a,ad & n 3 二者之一*elder a 长者；前辈*electric a 电的elephant n 大象eleven num 3 十一else a 3 别的，其他的e-mail n & v （发）电子邮件empty a 1 空的encourage v 2 鼓励end n & v 3 末尾；结束；终止*enemy n 敌人；敌军*energy n 精力，能量engineer n 1 工程师；技师England n 英格兰；英国English n & a 英语（的）,英国（人）的；enjoy v 2 欣赏；享受…之乐趣；喜欢enough a & ad 3 足够/充足(的/地)；充分地enter v 2 进入*environment n 环境eraser n 橡皮擦；黑板擦especially ad 2 特别，尤其Europe n 欧洲European a & n 欧洲（人）的；欧洲人even ad 3 甚至；更evening n 2 晚上；傍晚ever ad 3 曾经；无论何时every a 3 每一；每个的everybody pron 2 每个人；人人*everyday a 每日的；日常的everyone pron 2 每个人everything pron 3 每件事；事事everywhere ad 1 到处exam=examination n 1 考试，测试；检查；审查*examine v 检查；诊察example n 3 例子，榜样excellent a 2 极好的，优秀的except prep 2 除……之外excite v 使兴奋，使激动excuse n & v 1 借口；原谅；宽恕exercise v & n 2 锻炼；练习，expect v 3 预料；盼望；认为expensive a 2 昂贵的experience n 3 经验；经历experiment n 1 实验explain v 2 解释，说明express v 2 表达；表示；表情eye n 3 眼睛Fface n & v 3 脸；面对fact n 3 事实；现实factory n 2 工厂fail v 3 失败；不及格；衰退*fair a 公平的，合理的；金黄色的fall (fell,fallen) v 3 落（下），降落；倒family n 3 家庭famous a 2 著名的fan n 2 扇子；迷；*fantastic a 极好的，美妙的，很棒的far (fa/urther,fa/urthest) a & ad 2 远的；远地farm n 2 农场farmer n 2 农民fast a &ad 2 快速的；迅速地fat a 2 肥胖的father n 3 爸爸favourite (Am favorite) a & n 2 最喜欢的（人或事）fear n 3 害怕；恐惧；担忧February n 二月feed (fed,fed) v 2 喂（养）；饲养feel (felt,felt) v 3 感觉；摸；feeling n 2 感觉；感情festival n 2 节日fetch v （去）取（物）来，fever n 发烧；发热few pron & a 3 不多（的）；少数field n 2 田地；牧场；场地fifteen num 3 十五fifth num 2 第五fifty num 3 五十fight (fought,fought) v & n 3 打仗（架），争论fill v 2 装满；film n 3 电影final a 3 最后的；终极的find (found,found) v 3 找到；发现fine a 2 晴朗的；美好的；健康的finger n 2 手指finish v 2 完成；结束fire n 2 火first num,a & ad 3 第一fish n 2 鱼*fisherman n 渔民fit a & v 2 健康的,适合的；适合，安装five num 3 五fix v 1 修理；安装；确定，决定flag n 1 旗；标志；旗舰*flat n 楼中一套房间；公寓floor n 2 地面，地板;（楼房的）层flower n 2 花*flu n 流行性感冒fly1 (flew,flown) v 3 飞；飞行；（旗子等）放（风筝）fly2n 3 飞行；苍蝇follow v 3 跟随；仿效；跟得上food n 3 食物，食品foot (pl.feet) n 3 足，脚；英尺football n 2 （英式）足球；（美式）橄榄球for prep 3 为了…；向…，往…；*force v 强迫，迫使foreign a 3 外国的foreigner n 1 外国人forest n 1 森林forget (forgot,forgot) v 2 忘记；忘掉*fork n 叉，餐叉form n 3 形式，表格forty num 3 四十*forward ad 将来，今后；向前four num 3 四fourteen num 3 十四fourth num 2 第四fox n 狐狸free a 3 自由的，空闲的freeze (froze,frozen) v 1 结冰fresh a 2 新鲜的Friday n 星期五fridge (=refrigerator) n 冰箱friend n 3 朋友friendly a 1 友好的friendship n 1 友谊，友情*frog n 青蛙from prep 3 从；从……起front a &n 3 前面的；前面fruit n 2 水果full a 3 满的，充满的fun n 2 有趣的事，娱乐funny a 1 有趣的，滑稽可笑的*furniture n （总称）家具future n 3 将来Ggame n 3 游戏；运动；比赛garden n 2 花园，果园，菜园gate n 1 大门general a 3 大体的，笼统的，总的gentleman n 1 绅士，先生geography n 地理学*gesture n 姿势，手势get (got,got) v 3 成为；得到；到达gift n 1 赠品；礼物*giraffe n 长颈鹿girl n 3 女孩give (gave,given) v 3 给；递给；glad a 1 高兴的；乐意的glass n 2 玻璃杯；玻璃；眼镜glove n 手套go (went,gone) v 3 去；走；驶；goat n 山羊*god n 神，上帝gold n & a 2 黄金；金的*golden a 金(黄)色的good (better,best) a 3 好；良好goodbye (bye-bye) interj 再见；再会goose (pl.geese) n 鹅government n 3 政府grade n 1 等级；学年；成绩*grammar n 语法*grandchild n （外）孙或孙女，孙辈granddaughter n （外）孙女grandma=grandmother n 奶奶；外婆grandpa=grandfather n 爷爷；外公grandparent n 祖父母，外祖父母grandson n （外）孙子*granny n 老奶奶；祖母；外婆grape n 葡萄grass n 1 草；草场；牧草great a 3 伟大的；重要的；好极了green a & n 3 绿色的；青的；绿色*greeting n 问候ground n 3 地面group n 3 组，群grow (grew,grown) v 3 生长；发育；种植*guard n 防护装置，警戒guess v 2 猜guest n 2 客人，宾客guitar n 1 吉他，六弦琴*gun n 枪，炮*gym=gymnasium n 体操；体育馆Hhabit n 1 习惯，习性hair n 2 头发half a & n 3 半，一半hall n 1 大厅，会堂，礼堂*ham n 火腿hamburger n 汉堡包hand n 3 手；指针*handbag n 女用皮包，手提包*handsome a 英俊的*handwriting n 书法hang (hung,hung) v 2 处绞刑；悬挂，吊着happen v 3 （偶然）发生happy a 2 幸福的；快乐的，高兴的hard ad & a 3 努力地；硬的；hardly ad 2 几乎不hat n 1 帽子；礼帽hate v &n 1 讨厌；恨have (has,had,had) v 3 有；吃；喝；进行；经受he pron 3 他head n 3 头headache n 头痛health n 3 健康；卫生healthy a 1 健康的；健壮的hear (heard,heard) v 3 听见；听说；得知heart n 2 心脏；纸牌中的红桃heat n 2 热heaven n 1 天，天空heavy a 2 重的height n 1 高；高度hello (hi) interj 1 喂；你好help v & n 3 帮忙；帮助helpful a 有帮助的；有益的hen n 母鸡her pron 3 她；她的here ad 3 这里hero n 1 英雄；男主人公hers pron 她的herself pron 3 她自己hide (hid,hidden) v 1 隐藏high a 3 高的hill n 1 小山；丘陵；土堆；斜坡him pron 3 他（宾格）himself pron 3 他自己his pron 3 他的history n 3 历史；历史学hit (hit,hit) v 3 打，撞，击中hobby n 业余爱好hold (held,held) v 3 拿；抱；握住；举行；进行hole n 2 洞；坑holiday n 2 假期；假日home n & ad 3 家；到家hometown n 家乡homework n 家庭作业honest a 1 诚实的；正直的*honour (Am honor) n & v 荣誉；光荣hope n & v 3 希望horse n 2 马hospital n 3 医院hot a 2 热的；*hotdog n 热狗hotel n 2 旅馆；饭店；宾馆hour n 3 小时house n 3 房子housework n 家务劳动how ad 3 怎样，如何；多少；多么however ad &conj 3 然而；huge a 2 巨大的；庞大的human a & n 3 人*humorous a 富于幽默的hundred num 3 百hungry a 饥饿的hurry n & v 急忙；赶快hurt (hurt,hurt) v 2 伤害；受伤；伤人感情husband n 3 丈夫II pron 3 我ice n 2 冰ice-cream n 冰激淋idea n 3 主意；观点if conj 3 如果ill a 2 生病的illness n 1 疾病imagine v 2 想象*immediately ad 立即；马上important a 3 重要的impossible a 2 不可能的improve v 2 提高；改进in prep 3 在…里面；在…之后*inch n 英寸include v 3 包括；包含increase v & n 3 增加；繁殖India n 印度Indian a & n 印度人（的）；印第安人（的）*industry n 工业；产业*influence n 影响information n 3 信息ink n 墨水inside prep 2 在…里面*insist v 坚持;坚决认为instead ad 2 相反；代替instruction n 1 说明，须知；教导*intention n 倾向interest n 3 兴趣;趣味；利息interesting a 1 有趣的*international n 国际的Internet n 因特网*interview n & v 采访;会见，面试into prep 3 到……里；向内；变成introduce v 2 介绍*introduction n 引进；介绍invent v 发明；创造invention n 发明；创造invite v 2 邀请；招待*iron n & v 铁；熨斗；熨烫island n 2 岛it pron 3 它its pron 3 它的itself pron 3 它自己Jjacket n 1 夹克January n 一月Japan n 日本Japanese n & a 日本人(的)，日语(的) *jeans n 牛仔裤job n 3 （一份）工作join v 3 参加，加入；连接；会合joke n & v 1 笑话*joy n 欢乐，高兴，乐趣juice n 1 汁、液July n 7月jump v 2 跳跃；跳变；猛扑June n 6月just a &ad 3 刚才；恰好；仅Kkeep (kept,kept) v 3 保持；保存key n 2 钥匙；答案；键；关键keyboard n 键盘kick v & n 2 踢kid n 2 小孩kill v 3 杀死，弄死kilo=kilogram n 千克；kilometre (Am kilometer) n 1 千米kind1 a 善良的；友好的kind2n 3 种；类king n 2 国王kiss n & v 1 吻，亲吻kitchen n 2 厨房kite n 风筝knee n 1 膝盖knife (pl.knives) n 1 小刀；匕首；刀片knock v & n 1 敲；打；击know (knew,known) v 3 知道，了解；认识；懂得knowledge n 2 知识，学问Llab=laboratory n 1 实验室*labour (Am labor) n 劳动lady n 2 女士，夫人lake n 1 湖*lamb n 羔羊；羔羊肉lamp n 灯，油灯；光源land n & v 3 陆地；着陆；降落language n 2 语言large a 3 大的；巨大的a & v 3 最近刚过去的；最后的；持续late a & ad 3 晚的，迟的；laugh n & v 3 笑，大笑；嘲笑law n 3 法律，法令；定律lay (laid,laid) v 2 放，搁lazy a 懒惰的*lead (led,led) v 领导，带领leader n 3 领袖，领导人leaf (pl.leaves) n 1 （树，菜）叶learn (learnt,learnt) v 3 学，学习，学会least n 3 最少，最少量leave (left,left) v 3 离开；把……留下，剩下left a & n 1 左边的;向左/左(边)leg n 2 腿；腿脚；支柱*lemonade n 柠檬水lend (lent,lent) v 1 借（出）,把……借给lesson n 1 课；功课；教训let (let,let) v 3 让letter n 3 信；字母*level n 水平线，水平library n 1 图书馆，图书室license n 1 执照，许可证lie1 (lay,lain) v 2 躺；卧；平放；位于lie2v & n 1 谎言; 说谎life n 3 生命；生活；人生；生物lift v 2 举起；（云、烟等）消散light n,v & a 2 光;灯,点燃;明亮的;轻的;浅色的like v & prep 3 像;喜欢，喜爱line n 3 绳索，线，排，行，线路lion n 狮子list n & v 3 一览表，清单listen v 2 听,仔细听litter v &n 小的，少的little (less,least) a 3 乱丢杂物；垃圾live v 3 生活；居住；活着lively a 活泼的；充满生气的lock n & v 1 锁；锁上London n 伦敦lonely a 孤独的，寂寞的long a 3 长的look v & n 3 看，瞧lose (lost,lost) v 3 失去，丢失lot n 3 许多，好些loud a 1 大声的love v & n 3 爱；热爱；很喜欢lovely a 1 美好的，可爱的low a & ad 3 低；矮luck n 1 运气，好运lucky a 1 运气好，侥幸lunch n 2 午餐，午饭Mmachine n 2 机器*mad a 发疯的；生气的madam=madame n 夫人，女士magazine n 2 杂志*magic a 有魔力的mail n 1 邮政，邮递main a 3 主要的make (made,made) v 3 制造，做；使得man (pl.men) n 3 成年男人；人，人类*manage v 管理；设法对付manager n 2 经理many (more,most) pron & a 3 许多；许多的map n 1 地图March n 3月mark n & v 2 标记；作记号于market n 3 市场，集市*marriage n 结婚，婚姻marry v 2 （使）成婚，结婚*master v & n 精通，掌握主人match v & n 3 使相配；比赛；火柴math(s)=mathematics n 数学may modal v 3 可以；也许，可能May n 5月maybe ad 2 可能，大概，也许me pron 3 我（宾格）meal n 1 一餐（饭）mean (meant,meant) v 3 意思是，意指meaning n 1 意思，含意meat n 1 （猪、牛、羊等的）肉*medical a 医学的，医疗的medicine n 1 药；meet (met,met) v 3 遇见，见到meeting n 3 会；集会；会议；member n 3 成员，会员memory n 2 回忆，记忆mend v 修理，修补*mention n & v 提及；记载；提到，message n 2 消息，音信menu n 菜单metal n & a 1 金属；金属制成的*method n 方法，办法metre (Am meter) n 1 米，公尺middle n 3 中间；当中；中级的*might modal v 可能，也许，或许mile n 2 n英里milk n 1 牛奶mind n & v 3 思想，想法；介意，pron 3 我的minute n 3 分钟；一会儿，瞬间*mirror n 镜子miss1n 3 小姐，女士(称呼未婚妇女) miss2v 2 失去，错过，缺mistake (mistook,mistaken) v & n 2 错误；弄错model n 2 模型，原形；范例；模范modern a 2 现代的mom (Am mum) n 1 妈妈moment n 3 片刻，瞬间Monday n 星期一money n 3 钱；货币monitor n 1 班长；监视器monkey n 猴子month n 3 月，月份moon n 1 月球；月光；月状物more a,ad & n 3 另外的;较多的;而且;更多的量morning n 3 早晨，上午most a & ad 3 最多；大多数mother n 3 母亲*motorcycle n 摩托车mountain n 2 山，山脉mouse (pl.mice) n 鼠，耗子；（计算机）鼠标mouth n 2 嘴，口move v 3 移动，搬动，搬家movie n 2 （口语）电影Mr.(mister) n 3 先生（用于姓名前）Mrs.(mistress) n 3 夫人,太太Ms. n 3 女士much a 3 许多的，大量的*murder v 谋杀museum n 2 博物馆，博物院music n 3 音乐，乐曲must modal v 3 必须；必定是my pron 3 我的myself pron 2 我自己Nname n 3 名字，姓名，名称national a 3 国家的，全国性的，民族的natural a 2 自然的nature n 2 自然, 性质，种类near a 3 近的nearly ad 2 将近，几乎necessary a 2 必需的，必要的neck n 1 颈，脖子need modal v,v & n 3 需要，需求neighbour (Am neighbor) n 1 邻居，邻人neither a 2 （两者）都不；也不nervous a 1 紧张不安的never ad 3 决不，从来没有new a 3 新的；新鲜的news n 3 新闻，消息newspaper n 2 报纸next a & ad 3 最近的,隔壁的;随后,下一步nice a 2 令人愉快的；好的，漂亮的night n 3 夜；夜间nine num 3 九nineteen num 3 十九ninety num 3 九十ninth num 2 第九no ad & a 3 不，不是；没有nobody n & pron 2 没有人，谁也不*nod v 点头noise n 1 声音，噪声，喧闹声none pron 2 无任何人(物)，无一人noodle n 面条noon n 中午，正午nor conj 2 也不normal a 2 正常的（状态）north a & n 3 北的；北方northern a 2 北方的，北部的nose n 1 鼻not ad 3 不，没note n & v 2 便条，笔记；钞票*notebook n 笔记簿nothing pron 3 没有东西，没有什么notice n & v 2 布告，通告；注意November n 11月now ad 3 现在number n 3 数，数字，号码；数量nurse n 1 护士；保育员OOK ad (口语）好，对，不错object n 2 物，物体；宾语ocean n 1 海洋October n 10月of prep 3 ……的off prep & ad 3 离开，（走）开offer v & n 3 提供；建议office n 3 办公室*officer n 军官；公务员，官员；often ad 3 经常，常常oil n 3 油油田old a 3 老的，旧的on prep 3 在……上（时），关于once n,ad & conj 3 一次，从前一旦one num & pron 3 一*oneself pron 自己；自身only ad 3 惟一的，仅有的；仅仅，open a&v 3 开着的；开，打开*operation n 手术，操作or conj 3 或；就是；否则orange a & n 2 橘子，橘汁；橘色的，order v & n 2 定购，定货；点菜;顺序other pron & a 3 别的，另外的our pron 3 我们的ours pronourselves pron 1 我们自己out ad 3 出外；在外,向外；熄灭outside n,ad & prep 3 外面;在外面；向外面;在……外面over prep & ad 3 在…上方;越过;遍及;翻倒;结束*overcoat n 大衣own a&v 3 自己的;拥有，所有owner n 2 物主，所有人P*P.C.=personal computer n 个人电脑P.E.=physical education n 体育Pacific n & a 太平洋(的)*package n 一包，一袋，一盒page n 3 页，页码*paint n 油漆pair n 2 一双，一对palace n 1 宫，宫殿*pale a 苍白的，灰白的*pancake n 薄煎饼panda n 熊猫paper n 3 纸；报纸pardon n 原谅，宽恕，对不起parent n 3 父(母)，双亲park1n 2 公园park2v 2 停放（汽车）part n 3 部分；成分；角色；部件；party n 3 聚会，晚会；党派pass v 3 传，递；经过；通过*passage n （文章等的）一段；通道passenger n 1 乘客，旅客*passport n 护照past n,a & prep 3 经过；过去；path n 1 小道，小径patient1n 2 病人patient2 a 2 耐心的pay (paid, paid) v 3 付钱，给……报酬*peace n 和平pear n 梨子，梨树pen n 1 钢笔，笔*pence n （英）便士；美分（复数）pencil n 铅笔*penny n （英）便士；美分people n 3 人，人们；人民*percent n 百分之……*perfect a 完美的，极好的perhaps ad 3 可能，或*period n 时期，时代person n 3 人personal a 3 个人的，私人的pet n 1 宠物，爱畜phone=telephone v & n 2 打电话；电话，电话机photo=photograph n 3 照片physics n 身体的；物理的piano n 钢琴pick v 2 拾起，采集；挑选picnic n 野餐picture n 2 图片，画片，照片pie n 甜馅饼piece n 2 一块（片，张，件……）pig n 猪pilot n 1 飞行员pink n & a 2 粉红色（的）pioneer n 先锋，开拓者pity n 怜悯，同情place n & v 3 地方，处所，放置，安置，安排*plain a & n 家常的；普通的plan n & v 3 计划，打算plane n 2 飞机planet n 1 行星plant v & n 3 种植，播种；植物plastic n & a 1 塑料的plate n 1 板；片；牌；盘子；盆子play v 3 玩；打（球）；游戏；播放playground n 操场，运动场pleasant a 1 令人愉快的，舒适的please v 2 请；使人高兴，使人满意pleasure n 1 高兴，愉快*plenty n 充足，大量pocket n 1 （衣服的）口袋*poem n 诗point v & n 3 指，指向；点，分数police n 3 警察，警务人员policeman (/woman) n 1 警察；巡警*policy n 政策*polite a 有礼貌的，有教养的*pond n 池塘pool n 1 水塘，水池poor a 2 贫穷的；可怜的；不好的,差的pop=popular a 1 (口语) (音乐、艺术等)大众的,通俗的popular a 2 流行的，大众的，受欢迎的population n 2 人口，人数pork n 猪肉*position n 位置possible a 3 可能的post v 2 投寄；邮寄postcard n 明信片postman n 邮递员potato n 1 土豆，马铃薯pound n 3 磅；英镑practice n 2 练习practise (Am practice) v 2 练习*praise n & v 赞扬，表扬*prepare v 准备, 预备；调制，配制present n 2 礼物，赠品*president n 总统；主席pretty a 2 漂亮的，俊俏的*prevent v 防止, 预防price n 3 价格，价钱pride n 1 自豪，骄傲*primary a 初等的；初级的*print v 印刷*prison n 监狱*prisoner n 囚犯*private a 私人的prize n 2 奖赏，奖品probably ad 3 很可能，大概problem n 3 问题，难题produce v 3 生产；制造programme n 3 节目；项目progress n & v 2 进步，上进*promise n & v 答应，允诺pronounce v 发音*pronunciation n 发音proper a 1 恰当的，合适的protect v 2 保护proud a 1 自豪的；骄傲的*prove v 证明provide v 3 提供public a & n 3 公共的，公众的；公众pull v & n 2 拉，拖n. 拉力，引力*punish v 惩罚，处罚pupil n 1 （小）学生purple a & n 2 紫色*purpose n 目的，意图purse n 钱包push n & v 2 推put (put, put) v 3 放，摆Qquarter n 2 四分之一，一刻钟*queen n 皇后，女王question n 3 问题quick a & ad 3 快；敏捷的；急剧的;快地quiet a 2 安静的；寂静的quite ad 3 完全，十分Rrabbit n 兔，家兔race n 3 赛跑，竞赛radio n 3 无线电，收音机railway n 1 铁路；铁道rain v & n 2 雨，雨水；下雨raincoat n 雨衣rainy a 下雨的；多雨的raise v 3 使升高；饲养*rapid a 快的，迅速的rat n 老鼠rather ad 3 相当，宁可reach v 3 到达，伸手（脚等）够到read (read,read) v 3 读；朗读ready a 2 准备好的real a 3 真实的，确实的*realise (Am realize) v 认识到，实现really ad 3 真正地；到底；确实reason n 3 理由，原因receive v 3 收到，得到*recent a 近来的，最近的*recite v 背诵*record v & n 录制，记录；唱片*recorder n 录音机red a & n 3 红色;红色的refuse v 2 拒绝，不愿*regard v 把……看作*regret n & v 可惜，遗憾；痛惜；哀悼*relation n 关系；亲属relax v 1 （使）放松，轻松*remain v 余下，留下；保持，仍是remember v 3 记得，想起repair n & v 1 修理；修补*repeat v 重说，重做reply v & n 2 回答，答复report n & v 3 报道，报告*require v 需求；要求research n 3 研究，调查rest n & v 2 休息；剩余的部分，restaurant n 2 饭馆, 饭店result n 3 结果，效果*retell v 重讲，重复，复述return v 3 归还，回，归review v & n 2 重新调查;回顾;复习;复查;评论rice n 1 稻米；米饭rich a 2 富裕的，有钱的ride (rode,ridden) v 2 骑（马、自行车）；乘车riddle n 谜(语)right n & a 3 权利；对，正确的ring (rang, rung) v & n 2 环形；戒指rise (rose,risen) v 3 上升，上涨*risk n 冒险river n 2 江；河；水道；巨流road n 3 路，道路robot n 机器人rock n 2 岩石，大石头*role n 角色room n 3 房间，室；空间；地方*rope n 绳，索*rose n 玫瑰花round ad,prep & a 2 转过来;环绕一周,围着;圆/球形的row v 1 划船*rubber n 橡胶；合成橡胶rubbish n 垃圾；废物rule n & v 3 规则，规定；统治；支配ruler n 统治者；直尺run (ran,run) v 3 跑，奔跑；（颜色）褪色rush v 1 冲，奔跑*Russia n 俄罗斯，俄国Russian n & a 俄国人(的)，俄语(的) Ssad a 2 悲伤的safe a & n 2 安全的;保险柜safety n 2 安全，保险sail n & v 1 航行;航行,开航salad n 色拉*sale n 卖，出售salt n 1 盐same n & a 3 同样的事；同样的，sand n 1 沙，沙子*sandwich n 三明治（夹心面包片）*satisfy v 满足，使满意Saturday n 星期六*sausage n 香肠，腊肠save v 2 救，挽救，节省say (said, said) v 3 说，讲*scarf n 领巾，围巾school n 3 学校schoolbag n 书包science n 2 科学，自然科学scientist n 2 科学家score n & v 2 得分，分数screen n 2 幕，荧光屏sea n 2 海，海洋search n & v 2 搜寻，搜查season n 3 季；季节seat n 2 座位，座second num,a & n 3 秒；第二；secret n 2 秘密，内情*secretary n 秘书；书记see (saw,seen) v 3 看见，看到；领会；拜会seem v 3 似乎，好像*seldom ad 很少，不常sell (sold,sold) v 3 卖，售send (sent,sent) v 3 打发，派遣；送，邮寄*sense n 感觉，意识*sentence n 句子*separate v&a 使分离；单独的，分开的September n 9月serious a 3 严肃的，严重的；认真的*servant n 仆人，佣人serve v 2 招待（顾客等），服务*service n 服务set (set,set) v & n 3 装备,设备;设置(布景,背景);释放，安置seven num 3 七seventeen num 3 十七seventh num 2 第七seventy num 3 七十several pron & a 3 几个，数个；若干*shake (shook,shaken) v 动摇，震动shall (should) aux & v 2 （表示将来）将要，*shame n 遗憾的事；羞愧shape n & v 2 形状，外形；使成型，share v 3 分享，共同使用she pron 3 她sheep (pl.sheep) n （绵）羊；羊皮；驯服者shelf （pl.shelves）n. 架子；搁板；格层；礁；shine (shone,shone) v 发光；照耀；杰出；擦亮ship n 2 船，轮船shirt n 1 男衬衫shoe n 1 鞋shop n 2 商店，车间short a 3 短的；矮的*shorts n 短裤；运动短裤should modal v 3 应当，应该*shoulder n 肩膀；（道路的）路肩shout n & v 1 喊，高声呼喊show (showed,shown) v 3 展示，展览（会）；演出shower n 阵雨；淋浴shut (shut,shut) v 1 关上，封闭；禁闭；shy a 害羞的sick a 1 有病的，患病的；（想）呕吐side n 3 边，旁边，面，侧面sight n 2 情景，风景；视力*silence n 安静，沉默silent a 1 无声的，无对话的silk n （蚕）丝，丝织品silly a 傻的，愚蠢的*silver n 银*similar a 相似的，像*simple a 简单的，简易的since p,conj&ad 3 从那时以来;从…以来,…以后,由于sing (sang,sung) v 2 唱，唱歌single a 3 单一的，单个的sir n 2 先生；阁下sister n 3 姐；妹sit (sat,sat) v 3 坐situation n 3 形势，情况six num 3 六sixteen num 3 十六sixth num 2 第六sixty num 3 六十size n 2 尺寸，大小skate v 溜冰，滑冰*skill n 技能，技巧skirt n 女裙sky n 1 天；天空sleep (slept, slept) v & n 2 睡觉*sleepy a 想睡的，困倦的，瞌睡的slow a & ad 2 慢慢地，缓慢地small a 3 小的，少的*smart a 灵巧的，伶俐的；时髦的，smell (-ed /smelt) n & v 1 嗅，闻到；发气味smile n & v 2 微笑smoke v & n 2 烟；冒烟；吸烟*smooth a 光滑的；平坦的snake n 蛇snow v & n 1 雪；下雪。
英汉对照全译大全全文共四篇示例，供读者参考第一篇示例：英汉对照全译是指将英语原文逐字逐句地翻译成中文，以保留原文的语言风格和表达方式，同时也让读者更容易理解原文的含义。
英汉对照全译不仅可以帮助中文读者学习英语，还可以让熟练掌握英语的读者更加深入地理解原文的含义和细节。
下面将为大家制作一份关于【英汉对照全译大全】的文章，通过英汉对照的方式，为大家提供更多学习和阅读的机会。
1. Hello, how are you? 你好，你好吗？2. I’m fine, thank you. 我很好，谢谢你。
3. What’s your name? 你叫什么名字？4. My name is Lisa. 我的名字是丽莎。
6. I am from China. 我来自中国。
8. Yes, I like reading very much. 是的，我非常喜欢读书。
10. My favorite book is "Pride and Prejudice" by Jane Austen. 我最喜欢的书是简·奥斯汀的《傲慢与偏见》。
12. I am twenty years old. 我二十岁了。
13. What do you do for a living? 你是做什么工作的？14. I am a teacher. 我是一名教师。
16. I enjoy listening to music and watching movies. 我喜欢听音乐和看电影。
17. Have you ever traveled abroad? 你有没有去过国外旅行？21. Do you have any siblings? 你有兄弟姐妹吗？22. Yes, I have one brother and one sister. 是的，我有一个哥哥和一个妹妹。
23. Are you married? 你结婚了吗？26. I plan to further my education and travel around the world. 我计划继续教育并环游世界。
<历史>重要词汇中英文对照表马可·波罗Marco Polo达·迦马Vasco Da Gama麦哲伦Ferdinand Magellan印第安人Indian乔托Giotto米开朗琪罗Buonarroti Michelangelo 拉菲尔Raphael马基雅维利Niccolò Machiavelli塞万提斯Miguel de Cervantes伽利略Galileo中世纪Medieval Period哥伦布Christopher Columbus 商业革命Commercial Revolution 殖民主义colonialism奴隶贸易slave trade文艺复兴Renaissance人文主义humanism但丁Dante达·芬奇Leonardo da Vinci莎士比亚William Shakespeare哥白尼Nicolaus Copernicus 宗教改革The Reformation马丁·路德Martin Luther闵采尔Thomas Müntzer胡格诺派Huguenots加尔文派Calvinists亨利八世He nry Ⅷ圈地运动enclosure movement 都铎王朝House of Tudor斯图亚特王朝House of Stuart詹姆士一世James Ⅰ查理一世Charles Ⅰ英国国教the Anglican Church 清教徒Puritan克伦威尔Oliver Cromwell护国公Lord Protector查理二世Charles Ⅱ詹姆士二世James Ⅱ辉格党Whig托利党Tory光荣革命Glorious Revolution 《权利法案》Bill of Rights君主立宪制Constitutional Monarchy波旁王朝House of Bourbon哈布斯堡王朝House of Habsburg重商主义mercantilism路易十四Louis ⅩⅣ彼得大帝Peter the Great腓特烈二世Frederick Ⅱ凡尔赛宫The Palace of Versailles约瑟夫二世Joseph Ⅱ开明专制enlightened despotism英国东印度公司British East India Company《航海条例》Navigation Acts七年战争Seven Years’ War启蒙运动Enlightenment霍布斯Thomas Hobbes洛克John Locke伏尔泰Voltaire孟德斯鸠Charles Louis de Secondat Montesquieu卢梭Jean Jacques Rousseau狄德罗Denis Diderot百科全书派Encyclopedists第三等级the Third Estate路易十六Louis ⅩⅥ三级会议the Estate-General国民议会National Assembly制宪议会Constituent Assembly巴士底监狱the Bastille法国大革命French Revolution《人权宣言》Declaration of the Rights of Man andof the Citizen雅各宾派the Jacobins罗伯斯庇尔Maximilien de Robespierre热月政变Thermidorian Reaction督政府Directory Government雾月政变Coup d' Etat of Brumaire拿破仑Napoleon Bonaparte执政府the Consulate法兰西第一帝国the First French Empire《拿破仑法典》the Code Napoleon滑铁卢战役Battle of Waterloo杰斐逊Thomas Jefferson富兰克林Benjamin Franklin《常识》Common Sense大陆会议The Continental Congress 乔治·华盛顿George Washington《独立宣言》Declaration of Independence 杜桑·卢维杜尔Toussaint-Louverture伊达尔哥Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla玻利瓦尔Simón Bolívar圣马丁José de San Martín幕府Shogunate武士samurai锁国令Sedusion Orders丰臣秀吉Toyotomi Hideyoshi巴布尔Baber莫卧儿帝国the Mughal Empire阿克巴Akbar工业革命Industrial Revolution飞梭flying-shuttle珍妮纺纱机spinning-jenny骡机spinning-mule水力织布机water-frame瓦特James Watt富尔顿Robert Fulton史蒂芬孙George Stephenson蒸汽时代the Age of Steam亚当·斯密Adam Smith《国富论》The Wealth of Nations维也纳会议the Congress of Vienna维也纳体系Vienna System神圣同盟Holy Alliance四国同盟（1813）Quadruple Alliance卢德运动Luddite movement马克思Karl Marx恩格斯Friedrich Engels《共产党宣言》The Communist Manifesto 共产主义者同盟Communist League科学社会主义Scientific Socialism马克思主义Marxism国际工人协会International Working-men'sAssociation第一国际First International巴黎公社Commune of Paris西进运动Westward Movement自由州Free State蓄奴州Slave State《宅地法》Homestead Act林肯Abraham Lincoln《解放黑人奴隶Emancipation Proclamation 宣言》美国内战Civil War (U.S.)俾斯麦Otto von Bismarch铁血政策Iron and Blood明治维新Meiji Restoration克里米亚战争Crimean War奥斯曼帝国the Ottoman Empire巴布教Bābism西门子Ernst Werner von Siemens 爱迪生Thomas Alva Edison贝尔Alexander Graham Bell马可尼Guglielmo Marconi卡特尔Cartel辛迪加Syndicat托拉斯Trust洛克菲勒John D. Rockefeller容克Junker《江华条约》The Treaty of Kanghua 《朴茨茅斯和约》The Treaty of Portsmouth 苏伊士运河Suez Canal第二国际Second International列宁Vladimir Ilich Lenin奥匈帝国Austria-Hungary斯拉夫人Slaves威廉二世William Ⅱ三国同盟the Triple Alliance三国协约the Triple Entente斐迪南大公Archduke Ferdinand第一次世界大战World War Ⅰ萨拉热窝事件Assassination at Sarajevo笛卡尔René Desc artes牛顿Isaac Newton莱布尼茨Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz法拉第Michael Faraday麦克斯韦James Clerk Maxwell赫兹Heinrich Rudolf Hertz波义耳Robert Boyle拉瓦锡Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier道尔顿John Dalton阿伏加德罗Amedeo Avogadro门捷列夫Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleyev 哈维William Harvey林奈Carolus Linnaeus施莱登Matthias Jakob Schleiden施旺Theodor Schwann拉马克Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck达尔文Charles Robert Darwin伦琴Wilhelm Konrad Röntgen居里夫人Marie Sklodowska Curie爱因斯坦Albert Einstein巴斯德Louis Pasteur培根Francis Bacon歌德Johann Wolfgang von Goethe 拜伦George Gordon Byron司汤达Stendhal狄更斯Charles Dickens果戈理Nikolay Gogol普希金Alexander Pushkin安徒生Hans Christian Andersen易卜生Henrik Ibsen马克·吐温Mark Twain泰戈尔Rabindranath Tagore德拉克洛瓦Eugène Delacroix列宾Ilya Yefimovich Repin莫扎特Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart贝多芬Ludwig van Beethoven舒伯特Franz Peter Schubert约翰·施特劳斯Johann Strauss肖邦Frédéric Chopin李斯特Franz Liszt柴可夫斯基Peter Ilich Tchaikovsky莫里哀Molière二月革命February Revolution布尔什维克Bolshevik苏维埃Soviet罗曼诺夫王朝Romanov Dynasty俄国临时政府Russian Provisional Government 东宫Winter Palace十月革命October Revolution红军Red Army战时共产主义Wartime Communism新经济政策New Economic Policy非暴力不合作运动civil disobedience（文明不服从运动）凯末尔 A. Kemal Atatürk甘地M. K. Gandhi印度国民大会党Indian National Congress苏联Union of Socialist Soviet Republics(USSR)斯大林J. Stalin五年计划Five-Year Plan巴黎和会Paris Peace Conference三巨头Big Three威尔逊Woodrow Wilson十四点The Fourteen Points《凡尔赛和约》Treaty of Versailles国际联盟The League of Nations国际联盟盟约Covenant of the League of Nations 华盛顿会议Washington Conference英联邦the British Commonwealth of Nations 自治领Self Governing Dominion法西斯党Fascist Party马克Mark道威斯计划Dawes Plan《洛迦诺公约》Locarno Pact大危机The Great Depression新政New Deal富兰克林·罗斯福 F. D. Roosevelt《国家工业复兴法》The National Industrial Recovery Acts 德国民族社会主义Nation Socialist Workers’工人党Party纳粹Nazi希特勒Adolf Hitler国会纵火案Reichstag Fire西班牙内战Spanish Civil War国际纵队International Brigades美国的中立法American Neutrality Acts《反共产国际协定》Anti-Comintern Pact轴心国Axis Powers绥靖政策Policy of Appeasement慕尼黑协定The Munich Agreement慕尼黑阴谋Munich scheme《苏德互不侵犯Treaty of Non-Aggression条约》Between Soviet Union and Germany 闪击战Blitzkrieg东方战线Eastern Front马奇诺防线Maginot Line自由法国Free French戴高乐Charles de Gaulle不列颠之战Battle of Britain丘吉尔Winston Churchill珍珠港Pearl Harbour《大西洋宪章》Atlantic Charter《联合国家宣言》Declaration by Union Nations中途岛Midway Island诺曼底Normandy开罗会议Cairo Conference《开罗宣言》Cairo Declaration德黑兰会议Teheran Conference雅尔塔会议Yalta Conference《波茨坦公告》The Potsdam Proclamation杜鲁门Harry S. Truman《联合国宪章》Charter of the United Nations联合国大会The General Assembly of the UnitedNations安理会The Security Council冷战Cold War马歇尔计划The Marshall Plan北大西洋公约组织The North Atlantic TreatyOrganization (NATO)华沙条约组织The Warsaw Pact Organization德意志联邦共和国German Federal Republic德意志民主共和国German Democratic Republic柏林墙Berlin Wall越南战争Vietnam War朝鲜战争Korean War欧洲共同体European Communities欧洲煤钢联营European Coal and Steel Community 欧洲经济共同体European Economic Community欧洲原子能联营European Atomic Energy Community 马丁·路德·金Martin Luther King, Jr.民权运动Civil Rights Movement越南民主共和国The Democratic Republic of Vietnam 古巴导弹危机Cuban Missile Crisis中东战争Middle East War尼赫鲁J. Nehru巴勒斯坦Palestine自由军官组织Free Officer's Organization亚非会议The Afro-Asian Conference不结盟运动Non-Aligned Movement第三世界the Third World纳米比亚Namibia77国集团Group of 77石油输出国组织Organization of Petroleum ExportingCountries (OPEC)戈尔巴乔夫Gorbachev白俄罗斯Byelorussia俄罗斯联邦The Russian Federation独立国家联合体Commonwealth of Independent States(CIS)欧洲联盟European Union霸权主义hegemonism《全面禁止核试验Comprehensive条约》Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty经济全球化economic globalization亚太经济合作组织Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation(APEC)知识经济knowledge economy可持续发展sustainable development存在主义existentialism汤因比 A. J. Toynbee经济学economics凯恩斯J. M. Keynes未来学futurology萧伯纳G. B. Shaw海明威 E. Hemingway 毕加索P. Picasso爵士乐jazz摇滚乐rock and roll 好莱坞Hollywood卓别林 C. Chaplin。
模拟联合国大会培训材料宁波诺丁汉大学2009English-Chinese Translation of MUN Terminology重要词汇中英文对照点名Role Call确定议题Setting the Agenda产生发言名单Open the Speakers’ List让渡时间让渡给他国代表YieldTimeYield Time to AnotherDelegate让渡给问题Yield Time to Questions让渡给主席Yield Time to Chair动议动议更改发言时间MotionMotion to Change theSpeaking Time动议有主持核心磋商Motion for a ModeratedCaucus动议自由磋商Motion for an Un-moderatedCaucus动议结束辩论Motion to Close Debate问题咨询性问题PointPoint of Inquiry程序性问题Point of Order个人特权问题Point of Personal Privilege文件立场文件MUNDocumentsPosition Paper 工作文件Working Paper 决议草案Draft Resolution 修正案Amendment起草国Sponsor附议国Signatory结束辩论Close the Debate 投票表决Vote意向条Page国家牌Placard大会人员会议指导CommitteeCompositionDirector主席助理Rappotuer 代表Delegate国家集团Bloc第1页共1页。
常用国际贸易词汇的中英文对照随着全球化的加速推进，国际贸易的重要性也越来越凸显。
作为一个国际贸易从业者，熟悉国际贸易中的常用词汇是非常重要的。
下面就让我们来了解一下常用国际贸易词汇的中英文对照。
1. 进口——import2. 出口——export3. 关税——tariff4. 税率——tax rate5. 关税代理——tariff agency6. 保险——insurance7. 海关——customs8. 运输——transportation9. 货运代理——freight forwarder10. 货运单据——shipping documents11. 发票——invoice12. 支付方式——payment method13. 基本价格——base price14. 建议零售价格——suggested retail price15. 交货期——delivery time16. 修改时间——modification time17. 条件——term18. 报价——quotation19. 目的地——destination20. 装箱——packing21. 开立信用证——opening a letter of credit22. 信用证——letter of credit23. 总金额——total amount24. 票据——bill of exchange25. 经济衰退——recession26. 泰然处之——stoic27. 订单——order28. 保修——warranty29. 报关费——customs clearance fee30. 税费——tax fee以上就是常用国际贸易词汇的中英文对照，这些词汇对于国际贸易从业者而言是非常重要的，熟练掌握这些词汇对于开展国际贸易，进行海外采购等方面都将有益处。
另外，对于留学生而言，如果想在国外开展实习等相关领域的工作，了解这些词汇也将是极有帮助的。
