新高考专题1 阅读理解 第2部分 第3讲 专题强化训练 含答案精析
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吉林省名校高三一诊考试新高考语文试卷注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其它答案标号。
回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
1、阅读材料,完成各题。
我一向觉得写作者应该有点娱乐精神。
在中国作家里,鲁迅是最具有娱乐精神的。
大家都知道鲁迅杂文的幽默、风趣,其实,他的主题极其严肃的小说也是处处充满着惹人发笑的东西,如《阿Q正传》中阿Q莫名其妙进了监狱,竟然还为签字画押的圈圈画得不圆而苦恼,《高老夫子》里的高尔础本名高干亭,因发表一篇整理国史的文章便自以为学贯中西,因仰慕高尔基,将名字改成高尔础,其实本质上不过是一个打牌、听书、对女学生怀有歪心的虚伪之人,增强了小说的讽刺意味。
文学在一定程度上算得上是一种娱乐品,从要使人快乐这一点看,它跟音乐、绘画、戏剧、舞蹈没有任何区别。
鲁迅从小接受传统文学教育,对文艺的性质比谁都明白。
再说,民国时的媒体大多都是私营的,某个作者的文章写得不好读,读者意见大,报刊以后大概很难再采用其稿子了。
为了“可持续”,鲁迅也会在可读性方面动脑筋。
不过,有一点我们以前似乎忽视了,那就是鲁迅其人本身充满了娱乐因子。
杂文家唐弢当年跟鲁迅过从很密,鲁迅跑来看唐弢,兴致高时,一屁股坐到桌面上,手里拿支烟,谈笑风生。
有时,他夜里写了骂某人的文章,第二天与被骂的朋友在酒席上互相说起,照样谈笑”写文章的人喜欢引用一句古语:文以载道,这句话当然没说错,只是,这文章的“道”如果能用一点娱乐精神去载的话更好,如果老是用“卖牛肉”的调子去载,估计“道”装上去,“文”已经翻到阴沟里了。
我始终相信,鲁迅能成为后来的鲁迅,靠的不只是那个“道”。
(选自《北京日报》,有删改)1.请分别解释“文以载道” “‘卖牛肉’的调子”的含义。
2023年高考押题预测卷02【新高考I卷】英语·全解全析1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10B AC C B B C A B C11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20A A C AB BC A A B21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30B DCD A C B D A D31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40B D AC B C A E G F41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50A CB D A AC BD B51 52 53 54 55A B C D C1-5 BACCB 6-10 BCABC 11-15 AACAB 16-20 BCAAB第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)A【答案】21. B 22. D 23. C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。
主要介绍了香港科学博物馆以及它的开放时间等具体信息。
【21题详解】推理判断题。
根据第一段“You might really like this museum if you are interested in science.Hong Kong Science Museum wants to teach kids science and give them a place to have fun with computers. Kids like running around and playing with the equipment there. However,a dults can learn some knowledge, too.”(如果你对科学感兴趣,你可能真的会喜欢这个博物馆。
香港科学博物馆想教孩子们科学,给他们一个玩电脑的地方。
孩子们喜欢在那里跑来跑去玩设备。
然而,成年人也可以学到一些知识。
)故可推知,我们可以从文章中推断出,大人和小孩都可以在科学馆学到东西。
高考语言文字运用真题练习班级考号姓名总分(2023年新高考1卷)(一)语言文字运用I(本题共2小题,10分)阅读下面的文字,完成18~19题。
日常生活中,我们常常会因为忘记重要信息而懊恼,幻想着要是能过目不忘该多好啊!其实,我们更应该庆幸 A ,因为遗忘可以降低记忆带来的认知负荷,使认知系统能够更加高效地工作。
而超强记忆力往往是以牺牲抽象、泛化能力为代价的。
从下面例子中可以看出一些端倪。
有一位记者,①拥有人们只能望其项背的超强记忆力。
②他虽然能轻松地记住一长串数字,③却发现不了其中的规律;④他脑海里充满各种孤立的事实,⑤却不能归纳出一些模式将它们组织起来。
⑥这促使他不能理解隐喻等修辞手法,⑦甚至复杂一点的句子。
⑧记忆大师奥布莱恩曾多次获得世界记忆锦标赛冠军,⑨虽然他的阅读理解能力比常人低很多,⑩听课的时候也很难集中注意力。
也许正是牺牲了一部分记忆,我们才有了独一无二的归纳和抽象思维能力。
网络时代,我们没有办法也没有必要B ,毕竟互联网随时可以帮我们查阅。
不过我们也不能过于依赖互联网,像互联网可以解决所有问题似的。
通过一些训练提升记忆力,也一直是我们孜孜以求的目标。
18.请在文中画横线处补写恰当的语句,使整段文字语意完整连贯,内容贴切,逻辑严密,每处不超过10个字。
(4分)19.文中第二段有三处表述不当,请指出其序号并做修改,使语言表达准确流畅,逻辑严密。
不得改变原意。
(6分)(二)语言文字运用II(本题共3小题,10分)阅读下面的文字,完成20~22题。
天是越来越冷了,祥子似乎没觉到。
心中有了一定的主意,眼前便增多了光明;在光明中不会觉得寒冷。
地上初见冰凌,连便道上的土都凝固起来,处处显出干燥,结实,黑土的颜色已微微发些黄,像已把潮气散尽。
特别是在一清早,被大车轧起的土棱上镶着几条霜边,小风尖溜溜的把早霞吹散,露出极高极蓝极爽快的天;祥子愿意早早的拉车跑一趟,凉风飕进他的袖口,使他全身像洗冷水澡似的一哆嗦,一痛快。
“词义、句意题”可分为两种题型:理解重要词语含义题和理解重要句子含意题。
从新高考全国卷命题的情况看,这类题主要考查对意义的挖掘,考生常出现的问题是:不能由表及里,进行深层分析,而只浮现于表面。
解答此类题,应善于挖掘其修辞义、主旨意等深层含意,不能浮于表象,浅尝辄止。
命题角度1理解重要词语含义理解词语的含义,是指理解词语在文中的含义。
要以基本义为基础,参照其他义项,再结合语境揣摩,这是理解的基本要求。
☞掌握必备知识(一)词语的语境义一个词语一般有两种含义:一是本义,即词典上的含义;二是语境义,就是词语在动态使用时所体现出来的含义。
词语的语境义一般包括以下三种。
(1)词语的具体言语义词语的具体言语义即词语在言语运用中的具体化、个别化。
词语的具体言语义在特定言语环境中都是具体有所指的,虽然有变化,但意义基本相近。
因此它不是高考所考的重点。
(2)词语的转移言语义词语的转移言语义即在具体语境中有意用表示甲义的词转而表示出乙义。
如“我要努力地吞咽今年北平的春天”,这里的“吞咽”,在这个语境中,“北平的春天”显然不是可以囫囵吞下去的,“吞咽”在这里是它的转移义——尽情地享受。
词义发生转移,就可以生出“意外之意”。
(3)词语的补充语义词语的补充语义即词在使用时临时补充添加的意义。
最重要的是“情景补充义”,“情”的因素属于主观方面,是主观情景义,就是作者将自己的主观感受、思想感情寓于字里行间,往往给词语添加丰富的含义。
如“那屏障原是一条林带。
我们的汽车驶入林带,就好像突然闯进了绿色的海洋”。
这里的“突然”,语表意义是“短时间内发生,出乎意料”,但在这个语境中就隐含了作者心理方面的意义,表示“一种惊喜的感觉”。
从平沙千里的戈壁突然进入了万木争春的林带,给人一种惊喜的感受。
(二)分析命题角度落实关键能力词语含义解答“3联1依”规范答题思路[典例1]阅读下面的文字,完成后面的题目。
睡在麦田里的父亲郭光明父亲这一觉儿,一睡就是二十多年。
第3讲用心解字词,不负吟安苦——鉴赏古代诗歌语言鉴赏诗歌的语言就是要了解诗歌语言的特点,通过想象、联想、比较等多种方法,体会作者的思想感情,领悟诗歌的精妙之处。
分析诗歌语言的妙处,除了理解诗歌语言的字面意义之外,还要分析语言的表达效果,进而把握好诗歌表情达意的语言特色。
从历年的高考试题看,对诗歌语言的鉴赏包括:品味关键词(炼字)、赏析诗眼、赏析关键句(炼句)和赏析语言风格等。
一、命题角度在诗歌鉴赏类题目中,鉴赏诗歌的语言是必考内容,一般在客观题或单独的主观题中考查。
在复习中应把高考题作为训练材料,注意答题技巧,掌握答题方法,以达到复习的效果。
鉴赏诗歌的语言,就是要了解诗歌语言的特点,并在此基础上调动联想、想象、比较等多种方法,领悟诗歌语言的精妙。
对诗歌语言的鉴赏主要有两个角度:一是抓关键字词,二是品析语言风格。
二、解题技法类型一品味关键词(炼字)(一)知识卡片古代诗歌中常见的炼字类别品味关键词(炼字)“三步骤”注意:赏析字(词)时不能把该字孤立起来,要注意根据题目要求,把该字(词)放到具体的诗(词)句之中,并结合全诗(词)的结构、意境、情感,特别是主旨,来分析该字(词)的语法特点或表达技巧。
(三)解题示范(2017·山东卷)阅读下面这首唐诗,完成后面的题目。
早上五盘岭①岑参平旦驱驷马,旷然出五盘②。
江回两崖斗,日隐群峰攒。
苍翠烟景曙,森沉云树寒。
松疏露孤驿,花密藏回滩。
栈道溪雨滑,畬田原草干。
此行为知己,不觉蜀道难。
【注】①唐代宗大历元年(766)春,岑参作为僚属随剑南西川节度使杜鸿渐入蜀平乱,途经五盘岭时作。
五盘岭:秦、蜀交界处峻岭,其山道曲折盘旋,故名。
②出五盘:攀越五盘山道登上山巅。
“江回两崖斗,日隐群峰攒”中的“斗”“攒”两字,生动传神,所写景物特征鲜明,请简要分析。
【解题指津】第一步:析本义。
对所要鉴赏的关键字进行解释。
“斗”意为“相斗”。
“攒”意为“攒聚,聚集”。
第二步:描情景。
专题一阅读理解第3讲主旨大意题[真题演练]A(2016·全国卷Ⅲ,阅读理解D)(导学号 58210008)Bad news sells。
If it bleeds,it leads。
No news is good news,and good news is no news。
Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers.But now that information is being spread and monitored(监控)in different ways,researchers are discovering new rules.By tracking people’s e-mails and online posts,scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories。
“The‘if it bleeds’rule wo rks for mass media,”says Jonah Berger,a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania.“They want your eyeballs and don’t care how you’re feeling.But when you share a story with your friends,you care a lot more how they react。
You don't want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication—e-mails,Web posts and reviews,face-to-face conversations—found that it tended to be more positive than negative(消极的),but that didn’t necessarily mean people preferred positive news.Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things?To test for that possibility,Dr。
主旨大意题——标题归纳题(建议用时:25分钟)A(2019·青岛质量检测)Recently whenever I turned on my computer or mymobile phone, news about the great effect of Hurricane Harvey on thousands ofpeople caught my eye. I saw many unfortunate events. However, there was alsothe bright news that confirmed the goodness of mankind. As a journalist, I wrote many humaninterest stories during my career. That’s why the story about the guys in the bakery caught my eye.When the staff at a Mexican bakery chain in Houston were trapped inside the building for two days, they didn’t sit there feeling sorry for themselves. They used their time wisely after flooding caused by Hurricane Harvey. While they were waiting for the eventual rescue that came on Monday morning, four decided to make as many loaves of bread as possible for their community.The flood water rose in the street outside. They took advantage of their emergency power supply to bake bread. They used more than 4,200 pounds of flour to create hundreds of loaves and sheets of sweet bread. Although the water kept rising, they continued baking to help more people. By the time the owner managed to get to them, they had made so much bread that they took the loaves to loads of emergency centers across the city for people affected by the floods.The store manager, Brian Alvarado, told The Independent, “Whenever a disaster occurs, nobody should just feel forlorn. Instead, we should take positive action to save ourselves and help others. Our acts of kindness will make a big difference.”【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。
一家连锁面包店的员工们在面对哈维飓风带来的洪水、断电时,在等待救援的同时采取积极的行动,利用应急电源烤面包去帮助社区受洪水影响的居民。
1.What did the bakery store workers do after flooding caused by Hurricane Harvey?A.They volunteered to make bread for their community.B.They managed to live by selling more bread in the store.C.They felt sorry that they couldn’t escape from the store.D.They ate nothing but to wait for their community to rescue them.A解析:细节理解题。
根据第二段最后一句“While they were waiting for the eventual rescue that came on Monday morning, four decided to make as many loaves of bread as possible for their community.”可知,当这家面包房的员工们在等待周一上午的最终救援时,四人决定为他们的社区烤尽可能多的面包。
故选A项。
2.Which of the following best explains “forlorn”underlined in the last paragraph?A.Fortunate.B.Hopeful.C.Shallow. D.Desperate.D解析:词义猜测题。
根据最后一段中的“Instead, we should take positive action to save ourselves and help others.”可知,相反,我们应该采取积极的行动来拯救自己和帮助他人。
由Instead可知,forlorn的意思与positive相反,故forlorn与desperate(绝望的)意思相近。
故选D 项。
3.What can we infer from the text?A.Alvarado organized his workers to bake much bread.B.Hurricane Harvey caused a power failure in Houston.C.The staff in the bakery sent enough flour to emergency centers.D.The author preferred to write stories about people facing disasters.B解析:细节理解题。
根据倒数第二段中的“They took advantage of their emergency power supply to bake bread.”可知,他们利用应急电源烤面包。
由此可推知,哈维飓风造成休斯敦停电。
故选B项。
4.What can be the best title for the text?A.A Popular Mexican Bakery Chain in HoustonB.Wait for the Eventual Rescue in a Big DisasterC.All Kinds of Disasters Caused by Hurricane Harvey in HoustonD.Bake Bread to Make a Difference in the Face of Hurricane HarveyD解析:标题归纳题。
根据第二三段的内容和最后一段中的“Our acts of kindness willmake a big difference.”可知,D项(在面对哈维飓风时,烤面包起了很大作用)作为标题最能概括全文内容。
故选D项。
B(2019·河南高考适应性测试)Every year between May and September,all 54 employees of Basecamp, a Chicagobased web application company,have a short work week: just four days—a total of 32 hours. Also, they usuallywork five days a week for the rest of the year.“That’s plenty of time to get great work done. This is all we expect and all we want from people,”says Jason Fried, a cofounder. “Working 50,60,or 70plus hours is unnecessary. In fact, if you have to work 50,60,or 70plus hours a week, there’s a management problem.”The company’s summer workload must fit reduced hours, Mr.Fried insists, otherwise the benefits of a shorter week—to recover from work, enjoy time with family and pursue(追求) outside interests—would be undone.His new rese arch finds that it is not just long hours that are harmful to employees’ physical and mental health. It is also the intensity(强度) of work. Moreover, it suggests that intense work harms career prospects. That is because unbearable hours and intensity are in the opposite direction, reducing the quality of the work.The research concludes that the level of intensity we apply to the work we do is generally “a stronger predictor of unfavorable outcomes than overtime work”.The research compared people of similar jobs and education levels, and found they were more likely to suffer poorer happiness and worse career prospects, including satisfaction, security and promotion, when they worked at an intense level for long periods.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。