上海高考六选四练习演示教学

考点14 六选四（上）（核心考点精讲精练）近年真题考点分布【思维导图】【知识梳理】命题规律：段首题具有鲜明的语言特征，要么是，要么就是，七选五解题时可采用先易后难的原则，而段首的这两种题型即可作为七选五解题的突破口。

题型和考查角度：1.段落小标题：概括段落大意，特征突出，短小且语言精炼2.段落主题句：段落主旨概括性，与其它段落承上启下一段落小标题解题策略：1. 观察其它段落标题的形式。

2.阅读段落内容，提炼段落中心词、高频词和中心词的近义词。

选项特征：1. 其形式应和其他小标题相同。

2.选项语言短小精炼。

3. 多为名词词组、动名词短语或祈使向。

二段落主题句主题句分两种类型。

设空处在段首通常为，有时也可能为。

如果设空处位于段首，要瞻前顾后找提示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与之衔接，并结合本段内容，看所选的答案是否能将两段内容连贯起来。

解题策略：认真阅读后文内容，段落的第一、二句是关键信息，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句，有时也要参考最后一句，因为段落中常运用首尾呼应的原则，根据尾句进行验证。

选项特征：准确概括段落大意，避免以偏概全或偏离主题2.承上启下(过渡)句在段首设空的题有时也可能起承上启下的作用，此时既要熟悉上一段内容，又要去结合下一段内容。

解题策略：做题时要联系上下文，把握逻辑关系，分析所选答案是否能将两段内容连贯起来。

选项特征：过渡句与段落主旨相关，且与上下文语意连贯。

【真题典例】（2022年上海秋考）On July 14. 1960, Jane and Vanne arrived on the shores of Gombe Stream Chimpanzee Reserve in western Tanzania.(67)_____________ The animals fed from Jane in fear. With patience and determination she researched the forest every day, deliberately trying not to get too close to the chimpanzees too soon. Gradually the chimpanzees accepted her presence.【真题典例】（2021年上海秋考）(69)__________Although it was once thought to have unique properties, other types of alcohol can have the same effects. A study conducted recently revealed that people who drank red wine did not live any longer than those who drank other kinds of spirits, such as beer or white wine. it seems that the alcohol itself improves an individual's health by raising the levels of good cholesterol and decreasing bad cholesterol. The alcohol also serves to increase blood flow and assist in blood clotting (凝结).【真题典例】（2020年上海春考）heavy curtains and stood at the dark window, but all could see was my own reflection looking back at me.(69)_________ A year ago, Mama would have laughed and said, “You look like you’ve been dragged througha hedge by a runaway pony, Hen.’’ She would have pulled me toward her and gently brushed at the bird’s nest until my hair shone. She would have kissed me good night.命题规律：段中设空的题目即为主题句的展开句。

年级：高三辅导科目：英语教师：姓名：课题六选四解题策略教学目的1. 理解并熟悉六选四填空题解题步骤2. 灵活运用六选四解题技巧3. 二模真题演练教学内容“六选四”解题步骤1. 读文“三步走”1.1 阅读首尾把握主题句该题型的文章基本上都是“开门见山”并“结尾总结”，因此阅读首尾可以快速把握文章的主题，另外，不少文章都有标题，通过标题我们也基本能够确定文章的主题。

1.2 浏览选项明确目标确定主题后，不要马上通读原文，而是建议先浏览6个选项，圈出选项中的关键词，并将这些关键词作为目标事先记在脑子中，再“以目标为导向”回头读原文，这样就会事半功倍。

1.3 细读文章抓住关键了解文章大意并浏览完选项后，再回头细读文章，重点阅读挖空附近的句子，这些句子与挖空处的句子逻辑关系紧密，往往能提供重要的解题线索，再结合选项圈定原文中的线索词，然后匹配选项中的关键词。

2. 解题“二步骤”2.1 先定两头，缩小范围题目中的4个空格，一般来说位置处在段首、段尾的题目较易判定，原因有二：一是信息范围小，解题信息一般集中在本段；二是逻辑关系清楚，段首题多是总领引导句，段尾题多是概括总结句，先做段首尾题有利于缩小排查范围，集中精力对余下的选项细审慎选。

2.2 细审中间，依法判断剩余的段中设空选项也并非全都是难判别的，此时仍可凭语感语意，借助文中一些明显的信息点选出或排除1-2 知识梳理A. This can affect your work.C. However, this should not discourage you.分析：本题可利用转折关系解题。

空格前列举了你想成为一名飞行员，但是，你的视力不够好导致你不能成为飞行员的例子；空格后又用了you should 句式表示建议，使结果峰回路转，所以此处空格的感情色彩应与下一句相呼应，故选C。

e. 表示解释关系表示解释关系的词有：in other words, in fact, as a mater of fact, for example, for instance, actually, that is to say等；【2020年松江区一模卷】68. ________For instance, the printing and handling of money is expensive. Cash payments can be anonymous (匿名的) and it is hard to track criminal activities conducted in secret. Many governments favor reducing cash dealings in order to better monitor and understand the activities of their citizens. The Swedish government has been discussing the removing of cash since 2010.A. There's no waiting for it and no counting of cash.D. Clearing up cash payments has several advantages as well.分析：本题可利用解释关系解题。

Passage1UrbanizationUntil relatively recently,the vast majority of human beings lived and died without ever seeing a city.The first city was probably founded no more than5,500years ago.1_.In fact,nearly everyone lived on farms or in tiny rural(乡村的)villages.It was not until the20th century that Great Britain became the first urban society in history---a society in which the majority of people live in cities and do not farm for a living.Britain was only the beginning.2_.The process of urbanization---the migration(迁移)of people from the countryside to the city---was the result of modernization,which has rapidly transformed how people live and where they live.In1990,fewer than40%of Americans lived in urban areas.Today,over82%of Americans live in cities.Only about2%live on farms.The rest live in small towns.Large cities were impossible until agriculture became industrialized.Even in advanced agricultural societies.It took about ninety-five people on farms to feed five people in cities._3.Until modern times,those living in cities were mainly the ruling elite(精英)and the servants,laborers and professionals who served them.Cities survived by taxing farmers and were limited in size by the amount of surplus food that the rural population produced and by the ability to move this surplus from farm to city.Over the past two centuries,the Industrial Revolution has broken this balance between the city and the country.4_.Today,instead of needing ninety-five farmers to feed five city people,one American farmer is able to feed more than a hundred non-farmers.A.That kept cities very small.B.The effects of urban living on people should be considered.C.Soon many other industrial nations become urban societies.D.But even200years ago,only a few people could live in cities.E.Modernization drew people to the cities and made farmers more productive.F.Modern cities have destroyed social relations and the health of human beings.参考答案：DC AE解析：首先对这六个选项进行分析，查找相应的关键词A.That kept cities very small.B.The effects of urban living on people should be considered.C.Soon many other industrial nations become urban societies.D.But even200years ago,only a few people could live in cities.E.Modernization drew people to the cities and made farmers more productive.F.Modern cities have destroyed social relations and the health of human beings.1，前一段讲解了城市的早期起源，最后一句“第一座城市在5,500年之前发现的，”横线后一句用“事实上，几乎每个人都住在农场里或者小的乡村”链接，所以表示转折链接，所以选D（语义层次——转折关系）2，前一句表示“英国仅仅是个开始”，后句“城市化过程是现代化的结果”。

2023 学年上海市名校初升高英语衔接专项（六选四）预习要点选句填空"（俗称"六选四"）是2017年上海高考英语试卷中启用的题型。

根据题目要求，学生需从所给的六个选项中选取四个填入文中的空格处，使文章从内容、语言、结构上都符合逻辑。

一、英语文章主题句常出现的位置（一）段落主题句文章是由段落构成的。

段落是由围绕一个中心思想的一个或几个有逻辑关系的句子组成的。

就结构和内容而言，段落是相对完整的，篇章是通过各个段落的中心思想来表现其主题的。

一般来讲，一个段落只有一个中心思想，即一个主题。

段落中的其他句子都是用来说明、支持和扩展这一主题的。

题句所限定或概括的内容不外乎有两点：一，是有助于读者更好的理解下文。

多数段落都是以主题句打头，开门见山，点明主题，然后再展开具体细节。

二，是总结全段内容，以便给读者更深刻的印象，供托效果，达到高潮。

（二）主题句的位置根据表达需要,英语主题句的位置是灵活多变的。

一般来讲，主题句可以位于段首、段中、段尾及段前段尾。

1、段首主题句。

在大多数情况下，主题句位于段首，开门见山，点明主题，其它各句都紧紧围绕着主题句遂步展开。

Even when taking our leave it seems we English are vicitims of some strange deficiencies in our valedictory vocabulary. The standard term 'Goodbye' is both too formal and too final. It maybe just the job for usher" ing someone out of your life altogether ; but most leave-takings-for better or worse-are temporary affairs. perhaps in an attempt to escape implications of finality,many people now say (Bye bye' instead; others try to make this particularly nauseating bit of baby-talk more acceptable by shortening it to "Bye".2、段中主题句。

高考英语阅读新题型六选四解题技巧讲解新题型中，阅读题较以往减少一个选择题，去掉了“回答问题“”的题型。

增加一个语篇，挖出四个句子，六选四，每题2分。

其中阅读的六选四题型主要特点是，所给出的被选项要多于题目个数，正文一般都有很清楚的思路或者论据,考察的是一种逻辑关系。

，六选四的出现说明题目从传统的单项选择上转移到一个更深的层次上，即对句子和语篇的理解。

六选四例题：在做这种题目时，孩子要应该注意以下四点：1.把握文章主题句和结尾句2.特别注意句句之间、段段之间的连接词3.答案模糊时，联系上下文，排除干扰项4.检查时，代入选项看是否通顺有逻辑性的解题步骤六选四的新题型主要考察的是你做题的逻辑性，下面的是我推荐给大家的四步解题步骤：1. 先读题目要求的第一句,初步了解主题2. 利用语法知识确定句子缺失成分3. 重点阅读空格前后的句子利用各种衔接手段选择正确的选项填入空格4. 认真阅读选项,并找出关键词与空格进行搭配了解常见的六种指代方法人们讲话或写文章时，常常要把前后讲的或写的内容加以联系。

联系的方式有几类，它们为语言的应用提供粘合(cohesion)。

取得粘合最常用的方式是返指(referring back)已经提及的事项。

取得粘合的另一方式就是预指(referring forward)将要说及的事项。

接下来我给大家介绍文章中常见的几种指代方法：返指方法一：使用名词词组返指前文中的具体名词，避免重复，并从意思上进行具体解释。

返指方法二：在名词（或名词词组）前使用the这一特指限定词，返指前文中提到的名词或词组。

返指方法三：使用副词来指代前文中提到或讨论到的时间。

返指方法四：用this；that和他们的复数形式these和those清楚地返指前文中提到的事物和事实；用such作为限定词或形容词返指刚刚提及的事物。

返指方法五：所谈的行为或情况在前面已经提及时，可用so来替代。

返指方法六：使用人称代词和物主代词。

07-2021年上海市高三英语一模真题专项训练之六选四Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.2021黄浦一模Adolescents Worldwide Not Sufficiently Physically Active New WHO-led study says majority of adolescents worldwide are not sufficiently physically active,putting their current and future health at risk. ________67________ “Urgent policy action to increase physical activity is needed now, particularly to promote and keep up girls' participation in phy sical activity,” says study author Dr Regina Guthold,WHO.The health benefits of a physically active lifestyle during adolescence include improved heart and lung fitness, bone health and positive effects on weight. There isalso growing evidence that physical activity has positive impact on cognitive development and socializing. ______68_______To achieve these benefits, the WHO recommends for adolescents to do moderate or vigorous physical activity for an hour or more each day. The authors estimated 80 percent of teens do not meet this recommendation analyzing data collected through school-based surveys on physical activity levels.______69______Urgent scaling up is needed of known effective policies and programs to increase physical activity in adolescents Multi-sectoral action is needed to offer opportunities for young people to be active, involving education, urban planning,road safety and others The highest levels of society, including national,city and local leaders, should promote the importance of physical activity for the health and well-being of all people, including adolescents._______70______Strong.political will and action can address the fact that four in every five adolescents do not experience the enjoyment and social,physical,and mental health benefits of regular physical activity. Policy makers and stakeholders should be encouraged to act now for the health of this and future young generations.答案67-70 CADF2021崇明一模plan and build them.F. His hope is that one day he will create groups of beasts that can “live” on the beaches and survive without human interaction.Sculpture with a Life of Its OwnThere is a new type of animal that has beenwalking along the beaches since the 1990s. Theyare called Strandbeest, which is Dutch for beachbeast. _______67_______ They are creationsof Dutch artist Theo Jansen, and they can move themselves using nothing more than the power of the wind. Jansen has even created a way for his beasts to “eat” the air, and store its power by pressurizing bottles. This stored power also allows the sculptures to detect when they have entered the water and change their direction. He has even devised a method for them to stop themselves in the sand if a storm is approaching!The beauty of these creations is that they have no electronic parts, yet they have a basic logic system that helps them walk in their habitat. Jansen’s creations look alive as they move with a steady, even motion on the hard sand. Every year, he improves his designs. ________68________Jansen’s kinetic sculptures use an innovative design to transform simple motions into amazing works of art. The Strandbeests have a mechanical linkage that creates a walking motion using triangles (三角形物体). The sculptures are large but have a delicate appearance. The fascinating combinations of thin tubes and fine fin-like (像鳍一样的) sails moving in the breeze create a striking image. One could easily believe they are some sort of strange lifeform walking along the beach. _______69________ He created a beast, named Animaris Rhinoceros Lignatus, which was made out of wood and weighed 250 kilograms.________70________ There are many artists that use motion to create spectacular visual effects. Some are large pieces, but many can sit on a desk or hang on a wall. However, theyall have one thing in common: you can’t appreciate their artistry until you see them move. Jansen also sells mini versions of some of his beasts. They come in boxes that you can assemble without any special tools. You, too, can try your hand at creating kinetic art!答案67.A 68.F 69. B 70. C2021宝山一模A Useful Tool for Music LoversWith the development and expansion of the Internet, many hobbies and interests of modern people have gained a new dimension. The Internet allows enthusiasts to unite to share their excitement about trends, to communicate and share experiences. Specialized websites provide users with even more information about their subjects of interest and help discover new boundaries of their passions. This refers to movies, arts, modeling, programming, literature, and music as well. One can hardly find a person who would not be listening to music on the way to work, at home, or elsewhere. (67)______________________.One such website is Last.fm: a mix of a social network and an Internet-radio that tracks down the music its users listen to. (68)______________________. Besides, it has a number of advantages compared to other sources providing similar services. The design of Last.fm gives a welcoming impression, though some might find it too simple. The site is displayed in red tones, with the possibility of switching it to a black skin and, despite the quantity ofinformation, is easy to understand and navigate. Users can also decorate their profiles with pictures of themselves, all kinds of badges, diagrams, tag clouds, and statistics relating to music.The availability of multiple functions also speaks in favor of Last.fm. One of its significant advantages over many other musical websites is the function of scrobbling (歌曲记录), which means tracking down the music one had been listening to.(69)______________________. With its aid, Last.fm searches for people with similar musical preferences and shows one a list of those whose interests match to some extent. These people are called neighbors and the idea is that they can get familiar with the fans of their favorite kind of music and, most likely, make new friends. The information about upcoming events nearby, as well as recommendations given about new music that a user might like are also gathered and introduced by the means of scrobbling. If a person listens to one or two bands on a consistent basis, the website will display a few new artists that play in a similar genre, including new ones, so that a user can be in touch with the latest trends within their musical interests.(70)______________________. However, there is a serious drawback connected to it. The fact is that the majority of free tracks and albums are available only to citizens of the USA, Germany, and Great Britain, while in other countries, users can only listen to short introductory samples. And yet those lucky ones from the places mentioned before can listen to one track online up to five times a day. Besides, the website had recently changed its policy towards monetization and reduced the number of free services. Last.fm also works as a kind of musical Wikipedia, providing users with biographies of bands, or actual musicians. There is hardly a need to mention that musicians can also benefit from using the resource, presenting information about themselves and involving fans.答案67-70 CEFA2021徐汇一模If you want to make sure that you understand this story as fully as possible, you might consider printing the article and reading it on paper. That is one of the findings of a recent study of research done on the differences between paper and screen reading.Virginia Clinton, a professor of Education, Health and Behavior at the University of North Dakota, carried out the research examination. She found what she called a “small but significant” difference in reading text from screen versus paper.Clinton’s examination found that reading from paper generally led to better understanding and impr oved a person’s performance on tests connected to the reading material. And, she found no major differences in reading speed between the two. (67) _________________________Such differences were notable only when the reading materials were expositive texts-- or explanatory and based on fact. Clinton said she found no major difference when it came to narrative, fictional texts.Clinton also found that paper readers usually have a higher recognition of how well they have understood a text than screen readers. This skill is called metacognition. (68) ________________ “Metacognition” simply means thinking about one’s own thinking.Clinton and other researchers have found screen readers often believe they understand a text better than they really do. And, they are more likely than paper readers to overestimate how well they would do on a test of the materials they have read.She said, “We think that we’re reading the story or the book better than we actually are. We think we understand what we are reading bett er than how we are actually reading.”Yet, this inflated sense of understanding, or overconfidence, is especially common among screen readers.There are many possible reasons for such findings. Overconfidence of screen readers, for example, could be the result of a distracted, less focused mind. (69) _________________ Research shows the majority of people -- of all ages -- prefer reading from paper. But, if someone prefers screen reading to paper reading, that person’s understanding of the material is not likely to suffer.Clinton said, “If you are enjoying the reading process, you’re going to be more involved. You’re going to be paying better attention. Preferences are a key issue here.”(70) ________________________ “If you are reading from paper, your mind thinks, ‘This is something important. I need to pay attention to it’,” Clinton said.Although her findings may support paper reading over screen reading, Clinton says she does not believe screen reading should be avoided.Instead, she points to new and developing tools that can be used to improve a screen reader’s understanding and focus.答案67-70 CFDA2021青浦一模against the viruses.Guard against FluVaccination (接种疫苗) is among the most effective ways to help us prevent diseases.For viruses that don't change too much —the measles virus(麻疹) for example—getting vaccinated is a once-and-for-all method to prevent you from becoming infected with the virus. If you had two measles vaccines when you were a child, you will be protected for life._____67_____ It generally peaks between December and February. Flu vaccines cannot protect us in the long run. There is no permanent immunity, according to Theodore Strange, associate medical director at Staten Island University Hospital in New York. _____68_____Apart from a person's immune protection from flu vaccination declining over time, flu viruses are also constantly changing. _____69_____ To develop effective flu vaccines, over 100 national influenza(流感) centers around the world conduct year-round observation for influenza. Researchers will test thousands of influenza virus samples from patients, according to US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The World Health Organization also suggests three or four influenza viruses that are most likely to spread among people during the upcoming flu season.But even when a vaccine is developed, getting it can prove to be difficult, as demand tends to exceed supply._____70_____ The availability of the flu vaccine supply does not always coincide with peak demand.So,scientists prioritize access to the vaccination. The CDC recommends key populations, such as medical staff, teachers, students, children and those aged 60 and above, receive flu vaccines.答案67-70 BDFA2021普陀一模A. Don’t get discouraged.The Art of Man-on-the-Street InterviewsHave you ever observed the busy people of the street? Do they arouse your infinite thinking? The man-on-the-street interview may become a popular word because it is new. The man-on-the-street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the spot. (67) ______________ But with these tips, your first man-on-the-street interview experience can be easy.When your boss or professor sends you out to do man-on-the-street interviews for a story, think about the topic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it. For example, if your topic is about environmental problems in America, you might ask, “Why do you think environmental protection is important in America?” (68) ______________ Hit the streets with confidence. As you approach peopl e, be polite. Say, “Excuse me, I work for a certain well-known TV or radio station, and I was wondering if you could share your opinion about this topic.” This is a quick way to get people to warm up to you.(69)______________ If someone tells you she is not interested, move on to the next person. Keep in mind that not everyone wants to be interviewed, so don’t get hung up on it. Limit your time. Each interview that you get on the street shouldn’t be longer than ten minutes. As soon as you get the answer you need, move on to the next person. Make sure that as you go from interview to interview, you are getting a variety of answers. A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten. (70) ______________(70)For the media, the ability to increase ratings and influence may be the only meaning they want. In fact, different people have different views towards the interview. Someone says this should be the product of the fast- food information age.答案67-70 D E AF2021虹口一模Nonverbal communication is the process of sending and receiving messages without using words, either spoken or written. Similar to the way that italicizing (斜体) emphasizes written language, nonverbal behavior may emphasize parts of a verbal message.(67) ______ For instance, in “The Advancement of Learning” (1605), Francis Bacon observed that “the features of the body do r eveal the tendency and inclination of the mind in general, but the motions of the facial expressions and parts do not only so, but do further reveal the present humour and state of the mind and will.” Psychologists Paul Ekman and Wallace Friesen (1969), in discussing the interdependence that exists between nonverbal and verbal messages, identified six important ways that nonverbal communication directly affects our verbal messages. First, we can use nonverbal signals to emphasize our words. (68) ______ Second, our nonverbal behavior can repeat what we say. We can say yes to someone while nodding our head. Third, nonverbal signals can substitute for words. Often, there isn’t much need to put things in words. A simple gesture is enough. Fourth, we can use nonverbal signals to regulate speech. (69) ______ Fifth, nonverbal messages sometimes contradict (与…矛盾) what we say. A friend tells us she had a great time at the beach, but we’re not sure because her voice is flat and her face lacks emotion. (70) ______ Being upset could mean we feel angry, depressed, disappointed, or just a bit on edge. Nonverbal signals can help to make clear thewords we use and reveal the true nature of our feelings.答案67-70 CDEB2021闵行一模Are You a Prisoner of Perfection?Do you struggle for a goal that is beyond your reach? Do you hold an idealized vision that is impossible to realize? Are you setting yourself up for failure and sh ame when you can’t achieve the unachievable? 67____________Shame and fear are often the hidden drives of perfection. We believe that if we fashion a perfectly polished personality, flash our intelligence, and perfect our humour, then no one can hurt us w ith criticism and we’ll win respect and approval.For the majority of us, the addiction to staying perfect protects us from any sign of being imperfect. 68____________ We fear that showing shortcomings will expose us to the accusation that we’re weak. We stick to a desire to be right, perfect, and polished, even when it’s obvious that the emperor has no clothes.Perfectionism keeps us leaning toward the future. We’re constantly evaluating ourselves in order to be better. There’s nothing wrong with wanting to do our best and self-correctingalong the way. 69____________ We get painfully self-conscious and take ourselves too serious. Sadly, the simple pleasure of enjoying the moment and being ourselves are taken away from us.A cure to perfectionism is to make room for our human shortcomings.We realize that failing at any enterprise doesn’t mean that we are a failure. Without failures, we’ll never learn from our mistakes; we’ll never move forward in our lives. Those who succeed have made countless mistakes. 70____________ Being human, perfection is impossible. By accepting ourselves as we are and doing our best, we begin to rid of the shame that drives perfectionism.答案67.F 68. D 69.B 70. E2021长宁一模A. The arguments among her New Zealand-based suppliers about the use of live animals became heated.B. They can respond to questions, swim happily in tanks and are not harmed by close contact with visitors.C. He added that the robots did not cost anything to keep and didn't need temperature-controlled water.D. A robotic bottle-nose dolphin cost four times more than normal dolphins but would last much longer.E. In nature, dolphins live in close family groups, but in captivity, they're forced to interact with strangers.F. He believed it's time to change marine parks to be more humane and to make more money at the same time.Entrepreneurs in New Zealand are working with America designers to develop robotic dolphins that look almost exactly the same as real dolphins.________67________ A robotic dolphin that can nod an answer to a child. It might not sound attractive or may even sound worrying, but as marine parks around the world are under pressure to stop using real whales and dolphins, the creatures are an attractive alternative, their creators say."Marine parks have been making less money for more ten years because many people think the parks are cruel and because of the cost of live animals, but people still really to learn about and experience these animals," said Roger Holzberg, a California designer of the life-size robot bottle-nose dolphins. ________68________.We have to persuade marine park owners that these dolphins can make them money, even more money than live animals," Holzberg said. ________69________ On average, bottle-nose dolphins live for less than 20 years in captivity but 30 to 50 years in the wild.Melanie Langlotz, one of the entrepreneurs behind the project, has a background in reality games. "It became clear that any large aquarium, in order to compete with any other aquarium, would need to have all the big animals on display, such as dolphins and sharks," she said. "The bigger, the better." ________70________ Finally, the group decided to use robotic animals instead of live ones. The sample robotic dolphin, Langlotz said, weights more than 270kg. A test audience was unable to guess the dolphin was not real, she added. Animal rights supporters also welcomed the change, hoping robotic dolphins would replace real ones in marine parks worldwide.答案67-70 BFCA2021浦东新区一模Late in January Shen Yinjing, a therapist in Shanghai, volunteered to help distressed people in the coronavirus-stricken city of Wuhan by offering counselling over the phone or by text. Before long she was running an online support group for people being treated in one of Wuhan's makeshift hospitals tor covid-19 patients. Now Ms. Shen wonders how she should assist those losing their beloved ones because of the disease. (67)______________ .Ms Shen is among a small army of mental-health professionals who have provided support during the coronavirus outbreak. Hundreds of universities and charities have set up “psychological hotlines” for people suffering from depression. (68)______________ .Such attention reflects a profound change in official and public attitudes. In recent years, the government has begun to stress the importance of mental health in the country's long-term development goals. (69)______________ . The government's “Healthy China 2030” plan，issued in 2016, called for a stronger ^mental-health service system”(70)______________ . Zhiying Ma of the University of Chicago says that young Chinese, in particular, have grown comfortable using terms such as depression and anxiety when talking about their difficulties. A Chinese government-funded survey published in 2019 found that such disorders were becoming more common in China. The study's authors suggested that “rapid social change” was intensifying "psychological pressure and stress".At the same time, mental-health counseling has become more widely available, particularly for those willing to pay for private treatment.答案67-70 DEBF2021松江一模YoldThe year 2020 marks the beginning of the decade of the yold, or the “young old”, as the Japanese call people aged between 65 and 75. By continuing to work and staying socially engaged, the boomers, in their new appearance as the young old, will change the world.The yold are more numerous, healthier and wealthier than previous generations of seniors.(67)________________ Of the 3.7 years of increased life expectancy in rich countries between 2000 and 2015, says the WHO, 3.2 years were enjoyed in good health. Working is one of the factors that are helping people stay healthy longer. A German study found that people who remain at work after the normal retirement age manage to slow the cognitive (认知的) decline. The yold are also better off, while the wealth of all other age groups declined.The yold are challenging the traditional expectations of the retired in many aspects. They won’t wear indoor shoes and look after the grandchildren. (68)________________ They also spend much more, when taking a foreign holiday, than younger adults, so they are vital to the tourism industry. And, because of the importance of pensions, the yold are transforming insurance companies from passive distributors of fixed annuities(年金) to financial service providers for customers who want to manage their pension pots more actively.(69)________________ They find that older workers have, if anything, slightly above-average productivity and that teams of workers from multiple generations are the most productive of all. Societies should be better off because public spending on health and pensions should be lower than expected, as people work longer and need less medical care.Today, some big things will have to change, under pressure from the yold themselves. The most important is public attitudes towards older people and in particular the expectation that 60-somethings ought to quietly retire into the background. (70)________________ The yold will demand that companies become more age-friendly and, in the process, help change attitudes towards aging itself.答案67-70 DBFE2021杨浦一模Managing Time with the Pomodoro TechniqueIn work, as well as in life, doing what needs to be done in order to reach our goals can be difficult. (67)___________ Luckily, one of the most efficient and most popular time management techniques is also one of the world's simplest—the Pomodoro Technique.The Pomodoro Technique was developed by Francesco Cirillo in the late 1980s.(68)___________ Each block is known as a pomodoro, the Italian word for “tomato.” Cirillo named the system after the tomato-shaped kitchen timer that he used to track his work time when he was studying as a university student. He developed a habit of doing short blocks of work followed by resting periods. He realized this method could help him work with timeinstead of struggling against it.In 2006, Cirillo published his Pomodoro Technique manual for people to download free of charge. The Pomodoro technique can be applied in almost all parts of our life. It was built around a handful of important steps. First, choose a task that you’d like to get done.(69) ___________ What matters is that you are ready to give it your full attention.Next, set a timer for 25 minutes. Try to spend the full 25 minutes with your complete attention on the task. Then, when the timer goes off, take a five-minute break. Sit back, have a drink, go for a short walk, or do something else that is not work-related. Once you have completed four of these 30-minute cycles, treat yourself to a longer break that lasts 15 to 30 minutes.(70)___________After trying the Pomodoro Technique, you may want to experiment a little. Some people have found that 90-minute blocks work best, while others might perform better with more flexible periods. It varies from person to person. Just remember, like many things in life, simpler is often better!答案67-70 B D F A2021奉贤一模How to Make a Good Cup of TeaIn his essay, A Nice Cup of Tea, George Orwell laid out 11 basic principles to make a good cup of tea, from warming the pot beforehand to stirring the leaves before pouring. He insiste d that “the water should be actually boiling at the moment of impact, which means that one should keep it on the flame while one pours”._____67_____ “Some people add that one should only use water that has been freshly brought to the boil, but I have neve r noticed that it makes any difference,” he went on to state.However, on that point at least, it seems he was wrong. William Gorman, one of Britain’s leading tea experts, has now put forward that the water used for making a cup of tea should never be boil ed more than once. “Usually when people’s tea goes cold they reboil the kettle and make another cup. _____68_____ You need freshly drawn water for a good cup because reboiling it takes all the oxygen and nitrogen out of it, ruining its layered flavor.”Besides, Mr. Gorman advocates another practice of making tea, one that Orwell would surely have protested. Mr. Gorman said, “_____69_____ When you microwave tea, all you’re doing is just moving the molecules around and getting it back up to a decent temperature. It is not impacting the flavor at all.”_____70_____ In some countries teapots are fitted with little dangling baskets under the spout, to catch the stray leaves, which are supposed to be harmful. Actually one can swallow tea-leaves in considerable quantities without ill effect, and if the tea is not loose in the pot, it never infuses properly. They agree by doing this, you actually risk losing a good cup of tea.答案67-70 CBFD2021金山一模How to Leave Work at WorkSome jobs have very clear lines between when you’re “on” and when you’re “off,” while in others the lines are vague—or potentially nonexistent. (67)_________________ As a time management coach, I’ve found these three steps can help. I encourag e you to challenge yourself to gradually implement these changes and see how much you can leave your work at work—both physically and mentally—in 2020.Step 1: Define “After Hours”If you have a traditional 9-to-5 job, your hours are set for you. (68)_________________ If your employer has a certain number of hours that you’re expected to work each week, start by seeing how to fit those hours around your fixed personal commitments, like taking your kids to school or extracurricular activities. When do you need to start and stop to put in the proper work time?Step 2: Have Mental ClarityNext, make sure you have mental clarity on what needs to get done and when you will complete it. This includes having a place where you write down the many tasks that you need to do, whether that’s in a notebook, a task management app, a project management system, or in your calendar. (69)_________________ Then once you have this list, plan out your work. This planning reduce anxiety that something will fall through the cracks or that you’ll miss a deadline. The final part of increasing your mental clarity is to have an end-of-workday wrap-up.Step 3: Get Work Done at WorkIt may seem crazy to say this, but I want to encourage you to give yourself permission to do work at work. For many, they perceive “real work” as something they reserve for post-5 or 6 pm, after everyone else has left the office or after they’ve tucked their kids in bed for the night. (70)_________________ But if you want to stop feeling distracted by work after hours, you need to actually do your work during the day.As individuals, we need a mental break to do our best work, and taking time for ourselves without the distraction of work can help us become our best selves. I can’t guarantee that。

上海高考英语题型训练: 六选四2019年高三英语第一学期期末质量抽查Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Unit 1, 宝山区you’re dealing with. For false guilty, it’s important to recognize that the guilt does not reflect an actual ethical failure.For example, some false guilt focuses on failing(注：原文为falling) to meet expectations you had for yourself.________69________ No one is perfect, and no one can do everything, so admitting your limits is actually a sign of humility.It is also important to acknowledge what you're feeling. Even when you don't need to feel guilty, these feelings are real and normal. Try to balance them with positive thoughts, but realize that it often takes time for feelings to change ________70________. If so, don't try to conceal it. Apologize and ask for forgiveness. Learn from your mistakes, and try to avoid committing the same acts again. Getting on well with the person you hurt should make you guilty feeling fade.Guilt is painful, but it can serve a good purpose if you use it well. 67-70 DCEBUnit 2, 长宁区If you believed everything you read about your credit score, you'd think it was the most important component ofyour financial health. Without a good credit score and history, the experts say, it's more difficult qualify for a mortgage(按揭)or a car loan-and more expensive if you're approved for a loan, too, because you won't get the best interest rates. In many states, bad credit can even raise your insurance payments, cost you a rental apartment, or make it harder to get hired. _______67________First off, there are several credit scores out there. Whileit's important to cultivate your credit scores by using credit responsibly, your FICO credit score may not be the same as what VantageScore reports, and lenders may use a different one entirely, so focusing on one score can be a fruitless exercise. More important as financial reporter Dave Ramsey notes on his blog, your credit score is not a measure of your overall financial health. He writes:"________68________"FICO, the most popular credit-scoring agency, users several weighted factors to determine your credit score, including payment history (35 percent), amounts owed (30 percent), length of credit history (15 percent), new credit (10 percent), and credit mix (10 percent).________69________ My husband and I enjoyed steady credit scores above 820 for a while. But when we paid off one of our rental properties in 2017, we both saw our credit scores fall by 20 or more points. The sudden drop took place because we completed a 15-year loan and reduced the average length of our credit history tremendously.________70________That’s blackmail. I would rather be debt-free than have a perfect credit score.Your credit score is certainly important when you’re starting out and likely to borrow money for a down payment (首付) on a home or some other big purchase. But once you’re fairly established financially, it’s much easier to see it for what it really is: a measure of how well you borrow money. 67-70 FCDAUnit 3, 崇明区A.It’s that long-term exposure that experts find most worrisome.B.Car manufacturers are unaware of standards regulating airquality inside new cars.C.This is when components are still unstable and tend towardswhat is called off-gassing.D.Just reading a list of the substances is scary enough, and thedanger of exposure is scarier still.E.The source of the smell so many buyers find appealing is in thevarious substances used in car construction.Fortunately, high concentrations of these compounds gradually disappear just a few months after manufacture.Is New-car Smell Bad for Your Health?The smell of a new car can be appealing in showrooms, for which there’s a good reason. That new car smell comes from a mixture of chemicals, some of which can be highlypoisonous.________67________Many of these contain volatile (挥发性的) organic compounds (VOCs), some of which can be deadly in sufficient quantities. Others are just bad for you.“It’s a chemical cocktail made up of lots of poisonous substances,”said Jeff Gearhart, Research Director of theEcology Center in the US state of Michigan. The EcologyCenter has been monitoring and testing chemical levels in the inside of the car for years, and has noted some improvement.But Gearhart says there is still work to be done.“There are over 200 chemical compounds found in vehicles,”he said. “Since these chemicals are not regulated, consumers have no way of knowing the dangers they face.”________68________ Immediate symptoms can range froma sore throat to headaches, dizziness, etc., depending on thesensitivity of an individual.According to the US Environmental Protection Agency, continued exposure to some of these can lead to reproductive impacts and damage to some organs and central nervous system—or even cancer.________69________The danger is the greatest when the car is new, and that new car smell is most noticeable.________70________It is the release of chemical vapors, which leads to the smell. Heat from a vehicle left in the sun can make matters worse, and speed up the chemical reaction. The danger is reduced over time, and experts say the worst is usually over within about six months.Experts advise the best thing that buyers can do to limit exposure is to keep the inside of the car well ventilated (通风的), especially during the first six months of ownership. Park in the shade with the windows open when it’s safe to do so, or at least try to air it out before getting inside—especially on hot days. 67-70 EDACUnit 4, 奉贤区B.C.E.of creating a more peaceful and loving self. The more patient you are, the more accepting you will be of what life is, rather than insisting that life be exactly as you would like it to be.Without patience, life is extremelyfrustrating.________67________Patience adds some ease and acceptance to your life. It’s important for inner peace.________68________ If you are stuck in a traffic jam, late for an appointment,being patient would mean keeping yourself from building a mental snowball before your thinking get out of hand and gently reminding yourself to relax. It might also be a good time to breathe as well as an opportunity to remind yourself that, in the bigger scheme of things, being late is “small stuff”.Patience is a quality of heart that can be greatly enhanced with deliberate practice.________69________They are the periods of time that I set up in my mind to practice the art of patience. Life itself becomes a classroom, and the curriculum is patience. You can start with as little as five minutes and build up your capacity for patience over time. What you’ll discover is truly amazing. Your intention to be patient, especially if you know it’s only for a short while, immediately strengthens your capacity for patience. Patience is one of those special qualities where success feeds on itself. Once you reach little milestone—five minutes of successful patience—you’ll begin to see that you do indeed have the capacity to be patient, even for longer periods of time. Over time, you may even become a patient person.Being patient will help you to keep your perspective. You’ll see even a difficult situation, say your present challenge, isn’t “life or death”but simply a minor obstacle that must be dealt with.________70________ 67-70 BDAEUnit 5, 虹口区Most college students don’t put self-care at the top of their to do lists. When you’re caught up in the whirlwind(旋风) of classes, extra-curricular, work, friendships, and final exams, it’s easy to ignore a task that doesn’t come with a deadline (even if that task is simply “taking care of yourself”). Embrace the excitement and intensity of college life, but remember that maintaining your physical, mental, and emotional health is essential to your success and well-being. ________67________Instead, take time out to take care of yourself with some of these self-care strategies.Get Away for some Alone Time. If you live with roommates, privacy can be hard to come by, so make it your mission to find a peaceful place on campus to call your own. ________68________Take a Mindful Walk Around Campus. When you’re strolling to class, try this mindfulness exercise to center yourself and distress. ________69_________ Feel free to people-watch, but pay attention to sensory details too, like the smell of a nearby barbecue or the sensation of pavement under your shoes. Take note of at least five beautiful or intriguing things you notice along your route. You might find yourself feeling a little calmer by the time you reach your destination.Stage a Sleep Intervention. How much sleep do you reallyget each night? ________70________ By doing that, you’ll begin the process of repaying your sleep debt and establishing healthy new sleep habits. Don’t buy into the myth that the less you’re sleeping, the harder you’re working. Your mind and body need consistent sleep to operate at optimum levels--you simply can’t do your best work without it.Download a New Podcast. Take a break from the books, grab your headphones, and listen to some immersive mysteries, compelling interviews, or laugh-out-loud comedy. There are thousands of podcasts covering almost every subject imaginable, so you’re sure to find something that interests you. 67-70 DEACUnit 6, 黄浦区The human face is a remarkable piece ofwork.________67________ So is the face’s ability to send emotional signals, whether through the unconscious shame or the trick of a false smile. People spend much of their waking lives, in the office and the courtroom as well as thebar and the bedroom, reading faces, for signs of attraction, hostility, trust and deceit. They also spend plenty of time trying to hide their feelings, intentions or nature.________68________In America facial recognition is used by churches to track worshippers’attendance; in Britain, by retailers to spot past shoplifters. This year Welsh police used it to arrest a suspect outside a football game. In China it confirms the identities of ride-hailing drivers, permits tourists to enter attractions and lets people pay for things with a smile. Apple’s new iPhone is expected to use it to unlock the homescreen.Set against human skills, such applications might seem enhansive. Some breakthroughs, such as flight or the internet, obviously transform human abilities.________69________Although faces are peculiar to individuals, they are also public, so technology does not, at first sight, intrude on something that is private. And yet the ability to record, store and analyse images of faces cheaply, quickly and on a vast scale promises one day to bring about fundamental changes to notions of privacy, fairness and trust.________70________Masking true feelings helps fix the wheels of daily life. If your partner can spot every prohibited yawn, and your boss every hint of annoyance, marriages and working relationships will be more truthful, but less harmonious. The basis of social interactions might change, too, from a set of commitments founded on trust to calculations of risk and reward derived from the information a computer attaches to someone’s face. Relationships might become more reasonable, but also transactional. 67-70 FDAEUnit 7, 嘉定区while most of us are happy to sit on the sofa and watch their exploits on TV? Robin Styles ponders(考虑)this question.Generally, we love to watch someone's bravery and drama--a single person against the wilds of nature, testing their endurance beyond belief. And our pleasure is greater because we live a comfortable and increasingly risk-free life, where the greatest test of endurance is getting to work through the rush hour.________67________However, there are countless ways to test the limits of your endurance, if you should wish to do so, by attempting something unpleasant, uncomfortable or just plain dangerous.American Lynne Cox swims in sub-zero temperatures through the planet's most dangerous oceans wearing only a swimsuit--for fun! According to Lynne, there is always something driving her on. At age 9, when she was swimming in an outdoor pool one day, a violent storm blew up, but she refused to get out of the pool. Something make her carry on. Then she realized that, as the water got colder and rougher, she was actually getting faster and warmer, and she was really enjoying it. At age 14, she broke her first endurance record. Years later, experts discovered that Lynne has a totally even layer of body fat, like a seal.________68________ The famous British explorer, Sir Ranulph Fiennes, has led many major expeditions (远征) in the extreme cold, includingwalking right round the Arctic Circle. He has also led expeditions in the extreme heat, and discovered the Lost City of Ubar in the Omani desert.________69________Sir Fiennes has said, "If I am getting sick, I find a very powerful way of conquering it is to know that my father would have definitely done it."________70________There is probably no such thing as a "normal" adventurer. Unsurprisingly, risk-takers tend to be single-minded and unusually determined people who hate the stability and routine that most people prefer. They tend to take risks for the "fun" of it. The excitement becomes addictive, and they want more and more of it. Ordinary life seems boring in comparison. 67-70 EADBUnit 8 金山区and Netherlander Worldwide Entertainment signed a deal last November that would see Shimmer (《犹太人在上海》) become the first Chinese musical to have an open-ended run on Broadway in 2019.________67________Directed by Xu Jun, Shimmer is a musical in both English and Chinese. Shimmer, which tells a story aboutJews who fled to Shanghai to escape Nazi persecution (迫害) during World War II, was first shown at the Shanghai Culture Square in 2015. ________68________The musical’s scheduled open-ended run in 2019 will be one of the events to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States. With this play being shown on Broadway, the ties between Chinese people and Americans will be firmly strengthened. And through this drama, the audience can feel the charm of Chinese culture.________69________ To deal with the problem, many production companies in Shanghai have pointed out that they should keep striving for improvement by creating more Chinese musicals and by creating more audiences. Currently, those who watch Western musicals in China are limited to a small group —people who have received a university education or have had overseas working experiences,white-collar and even gold-collar workers. There are only a handful of people who understand foreign languages and you have to find a way to motivate the public and get them into the theater.________70________There has been a handful of successful musical stories in Shanghai. The Chinese editions of Broadway musicals Cats and Mamma Mia, both of which had hundreds of shows across China, are among the top box office hits.67-70 EBFDUnit 9, 静安区pain, according to the belief that the ability to feel pain was associated only with higher consciousness. However, today, scientists view humans as a species of animals, and largely accept that many species are capable of some level ofself-awareness. People are coming to realize that other species might also enjoy the luxury of emotion.If you slap(掌击) another person in the face, you can estimate their pain level by what they do or say in response. ________67________ Gradually, scientists have developed a set of indicators of pain response in non-human animals. Demonstrating a response to a negative stimulation and displaying protective behavior of injured areas are two major signs.But huge disagreement exists. For example, scientists disagree over whether or not lobsters(龙虾) feel pain. Some researchers argue lobsters are too dissimilar to vertebrates(脊椎动物) to feel pain. Nonetheless, lobsters do satisfy all of the standards for a pain response. Lobsters guard their injuries, and learn to avoid dangerous situations. ________68________ In result, today most scientists agree that injuring a lobster causes physical pain.Due to growing evidence that the lobsters may feel pain, it is now illegal to boil lobsters alive or keep them on ice in some countries. Currently, boiling lobsters alive is illegal in Switzerland and New Zealand. Even in locations where boiling lobsters remains legal, many restaurants prefer more humane methods. ________69_______To satisfy picky diners, more restaurants rule out the cruel cooking methods. Stabbing a lobster in the head isn’t a good option, as it neither kills the lobster nor makes it unconscious.Currently, the most humane tool for cooking a lobster is the CrustaStun. This device electrocutes(电击) alobster.________70________ The following process of cooking is sure to cause no pain. In contrast, it takes about 2 minutes for a lobster to die from boiling water during which time pain lasts. 67-70 EADBUnit 10, 闵行区worthwhile and ready to learn from the best experiences.________67________ Here are some life lessons which people will learn the hard way in majority of cases.________68________ However, people usually get discouraged when it takes more time than they thought it would. At this time, people refer only to people who have already achieved what they want to do. Look at any successful person and you’ll notice one thing common in all of them: they took time to learn and mastered their skill likeno one else. There is no elevator to success and you have to take the stairs.Be brave to take the road less traveled. In our whole life, we always want to follow the same path that everyone suggests, do the same thing everyone does, take the same career path everyone takes, wear the same clothes everyone wears, and hang out with the same people we work with. Why? Because we are scared to fail. But when you get bored of life, you realize that you are not meant to do what everyone does and that your destiny is different from anyone else’s out there in the world. ________69________You don’t have to live your life in a way society wants you to. ______70_______ Parents sometimes force their children to select a career they don’t want because other children have selected that career. Worst of all, people follow them without even asking. There is no harm in believing in old beliefs but when you pursue them before your interest, sooner or later you’ll realize that you should first do what you think is right. 67-70 DAFCUnit 11, 浦东新区and stressed.Teaching should not be one of the most stressful jobs in the US. But it is. “The only other profession that comes closeto us for stress is nursing ----- and we still have the numbers... by a lot. ________67________ ”“Nobody realizes how horrific working conditions are for teachers throughout the country,”“Brice-Hyde says, an experienced teacher in New York who is part of the national group Badass Teachers Association (BAT).________68________ So they did a national study of teacher working conditions around issues like stress,work-life balance, respect, and more. The results are both surprising---and not. If you've been seeing the stories about teacher walkouts and pay inequality, you probably aren't all that shocked to see these things like: 61 percent of educators find work "always" or "often" stressful; 27 percent of educators said they've been threatened or bullied; 86 percent of educators feel disrespected by US Secretary of Education Betsy DeVos.Teachers are stressed out, and turnover is high. No wonder we're seeing more stories about the importance of self-care, classroom burnout, and mental health days for teachers. Yet, self-care doesn't seem to come easily for people, and this is definitely true for teachers. ________69________ We think it's time to change that, though. So in honor of World Mental Health Day, we are working to change the dialogue about teacher mental health, Below are some of the top challenges people give for not seeking therapy, or even basic self-care. along with possible solutions and workarounds for each one.We hope you share this article widely, giving support and love to your fellow educators.________70________ And it's pretty much guaranteed to help you do what you set out to in the first place-be a good teacher. 67-70 CADFUnit 12, 普陀区We live in a remarkable time, and many of the once fatal diseases can now be cured with modern medicine and surgery. It is almost certain that one day a cure will be found for the rest of the diseases. Expectations of life have greatly increased. But though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before, every day we witness the incredible killing of men women and children on the roads. Man fights against the motor-car! It is a never-ending battle which man is losing.________67________Nothing can seriously increase your risk of potentially fatal car accidents other than speeding and failing to pay due attention to weather conditions. ________68________ There is no doubt that the motor-car often brings out a man’s very worst qualities. Usually quiet and pleasant people, when they are behind the steering wheel, will become unrecognizable. They are impolite, aggressive, self-willed like two-year-old, completely selfish. All their hidden frustrations, disappointments, and jealousy seem to be caused by driving.________69________ It's all for his own convenience. Due toa serious tragedy,the city is almost uninhabitable and the huge parking lotmakes the town ugly. The destruction of rural areas and the annual mass killings are just a statistic, easily forgotten. With regard to driving, the laws of some countries are not strict and even the strictest are not strict enough.Traffic rules are for everyone to follow under any circumstances, and no one can make an exception unless you make a joke of your own life. Universally accepted standards can only have a significant beneficial effect on the incidence of accidents. Governments should develop safety codes for manufacturers.________70________ These measures may sound cruel. However, if these measures result in a reduction in the loss of life every year, they should certainly not be considered serious. After all, the world belongs to humans, not cars. 67-70 BDCEUnit 13, 青浦区There is nothing like going home. More so if it is for the Spring Festival family reunion. For a migrant worker itperhaps means even more. To be able to set out on a homeward journey with money from a year’s toil in his pocket is the best thing he can think of. ________67________ They had to press hard for their defaulted payments, the salaries that were failed to pay up.About 200 million migrant workers nationwide are something left behind by economic reforms and opening up due to their contributions in the past three decades. It is almost impossible to imagine life in these places without them. However, they still form a disadvantaged group. Their rights are violated in different forms. Among other things, unpaid salaries are the most painful of such violations that are likely to drive a migrant worker to desperate actions.________68________________69________ They have taken measures to prevent employers from holding back payments to them. Yet, as the financial crisis bites deep, some small enterprises that are struck the most try to reduce their economic losses by laying off migrant workers or refusing to pay them. So it is particularly important for governments at all levels to do an even better job in helping villager-turned-workers recover their unpaid salaries before the Spring Festival.It is good news that quite a number of local governments have organized special task forces to conduct inspections in those labor-intensive enterprises to make sure they have paid their migrant workers in a timely and fair manner. Construction commissions in almost all provinces have published hotlines for farmer-turned-construction workers to lodge complaints against their employers for withholding their salaries. ________70________ But we need to look for solutions that will work at all times. We need to put in place a mechanism that will effectively prevent employers from holding back salaries to workers. 67-70 CAFDUnit 14, 松江区Rachel Hugens met her husband, Patrick, while bicycle touring. The Hugenses, who live in Boise, when not on their bikes, recently went on their latest round-the-world adventure. They visited 36 countries on a tour, touching Europe, Africa, Asia and South America.“Traveling by bike is the ultimate freedom,”Rachel said via email. “On a bike, you become part of the scenery. The landscape is not framed by a window. ________67________”A growing communityDennis Swift, secretary of the Southwest Idaho Mountain Biking Association, rode across the U.S last year–from Seattle to Salem, Massachusetts. Six people started the tour and three finished, riding 52 out of 56 days. They averaged about 60 miles per riding day.“We took quite a few pictures; we didn’t keep our head down the whole way,”Swift said. “We got to meet different people. It’s the people that are probably most important.”Swift also rode through the Basque Country with a group of Boise cyclists last year. He’s planning to participate in a Virginia bike tour this year.“When you get older, your health is the number one priority.”he said, “________68________ ”Seeing the places in between“Traveling by bicycle forces you to visit the places in between that many backpackers traveling by bus would pass by,”Patrick said. “________69________”The challenges, beyond the obvious mental and physical energy required, include navigating visa requirements, food choices, language barriers, poor riding surfaces and boxing bikes for air travel, Rachel said.Financial flexibility to travelThis is the third time that the couple has quit their jobs to tour. Rachel is a registered nurse; Patrick is an architect. Both regained their former jobs when they returned home in 2000 and 2007. They’re uncertain what will happen this time.They’ve given themselves financial flexibility by paying off their home, commuting to work by bike and avoiding some of the bills that are important parts for most (cell phones, cable TV). They travel with a $50 daily budget.“________70________ ”Rachel said. “We’ve met some cyclists traveling long term on a $10 daily budget. They can travel as long as their money lasts, so they’re motivated to spend wisely.”67-70 BDFEUnit 15, 徐汇区master.________67________ Academic writing is the skilful exposition and explanation of an argument, which the writer has carefully researched and developed over a sustained period of time.________68________ But the joy of reading and sharing with others, one’s succinctly composed piece of argument, is incomparable.Before beginning to write, the writer must ask himself a few questions –Why am I writing? What is it that I intend to share with others? What purpose will my writing serve? Have I read enough about the topic or theme about which I am going to write? ________69________ Because academic writing is a serious activity –it makes one part of a shared community of readers and writers who wish to disseminate and learn from well-argued pieces of writing.The structure of an argumentative essay should take the form of –Introduction (which should be around ten percent of the entire essay), Body (it should constitute eighty percent of the piece) and the Conclusion (again, ten per cent of the essay). ________70________ The body should include cogent and coherently linked paragraphs and the conclusion should re-state the argument and offer a substantial ending to the piece. 67=70 CFDBUnit 16, 杨浦区。

六选四考察要求概述选句填空"（俗称"六选四"）是2017年上海高考英语试卷中启用的题型。

根据题目要求，学生需从所给的六个选项中选取四个填入文中的空格处，使文章从内容、语言、结构上都符合逻辑。

考生在备考这一部分时,需意识到以下几点：1.虽然每一小题都要求选择正确的句子填入文中，但在文中不同的地方挖空，考査的能力要求也会有所不同。

如果空格处需填入主题句，考査的是对文本或段落的概括能力，如果空格处需填入能使上下文叙述连贯的细节，考査的则是对文章基本内容的理解能力。

因此，针对不同的空格，考生需要调整自己的思维方式，选择合适的策略；2.虽然本部分属于阅读理解这一大题，同样也考查考生的阅读理解能力，但是要注意这一题型与阅读选择题的差异。

选择题通过题干告诉考生考点在哪里，考査目标是什么，考生就可以据此选择合适的策略来答题，而"选句填空"则要求考生在理解文章内容和行文逻辑的基础上，自行判断空格处需填入句子的功能，再进一步选择合适的策略来答题。

基于以上分析，建议考生在完成"选句填空"这一部分时，可以采用以下步骤：1.通读全文，对文章内容有整体理解，包括文章的主题、写作的目的、毎一段的大意等; 2.阅读空格所在段落，尤其是空格前后句，判断空格处需填入句子的功能，并根据据后句的内容基本确定需填入句子的内容；3.阅读所给的六个句子，从中选择符合文章内容及行文逻辑的句子；4.通读填入句子后的文章，再次确认文章内容、语言、结构上是否符合逻辑。

二、六选四做题技巧指导1. 1.利用句子中心实词解题句子中心实词是指在一个句子表达中需要占据句子主干或者中心意思的一类实词。

和代词一样，当一个句子中出现了表达某一特点概念的中心实词时，该句上下文就应该围绕这样的中心来展开，也就是说正确选项中不能呈现上下文没有交代的一个中心实词，因此我们可以利用这一现象来帮助我们找到正常选项或者排除错误选项。