高二上期末复习2

四川省成都市石室中学2023-2024学年高二上学期备考期末英语模拟试卷2学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读选择Urban gardens are valuable property to communities. They provide green spaces to grow sustainable food, build community cohesion (凝聚力) make new friends, connect with the earth, and much no re. So, let’s check out our list of four inspiring urban gardens in the US.Got ham GreensWhere: New York & ChicagoWhat: Got ham Greens first started in Brooklyn and now has four locations in New York City and Chicago. Their flagship farm in Brooklyn produced over 100,000 pounds of greens per year. But it doesn’t just produce healthy local vegetables. It is using high-teach green houses with solar panels to make sure the food grown is healthy and sustainable.Baltimore Urban Gardening with StudentsWhere: Baltimore, Mary landWhat: The Baltimore Urban Gardening with Students (BUGS) program encouraged students to get their hands dirty and plant vegetables through their after-school and summer programs. Many of these kids don’t have access to green spaces, and have never had the opportunity to grow food.ReVision Urban FarmWhere: Boston, MassachusettsWhat: ReVision Urban Farm in Boston works in partnership with the ReVision Family Home——a shelter for 22 homeless parents and their kids. The farm provided these families with information on healthy eating, and access to the farm’s fresh vegetables. The organization also provided job training to help families escape the cycle of poverty.SwaleWhere: New YorkWhat: scale, a floating food forest located on a large boat, is an innovative project meant to inspire citizens to rethink the relationship between our cities and our food. This urban garden serves as both a living art exhibit and an educational farm, Food forests are sustainable gardens that include vegetables, fruit, nut trees, bushes, herbs, and vine——eachone complementing the other in a symbiotic (共生的) relationship.1．What is special about Got ham Greens?A．It provides job training for students.B．It offers homeless families formation on healthy eatingC．It creates a sustainable garden on a large boat.D．It uses high-tech green houses to grow healthy food.2．Which urban garden offers first-hand farming experience?A．Got ham Greens.B．Revision Urban Farm.C．Baltimore Urban Gardening with Students D．Scale.3．What do these four urban gardens have in common?A．They are inspirational multinational project.B．They have educational andentertaining purpose.C．They create job opportunities for farmers.D．They are important for citizens.As a geothermal(地热) scientist, I know that boiling rivers exist-but they are always near volcanoes. You need a lot of heat to make that much water boil. We were working in the volcanic gap, a 950-mile-long area that covers most of Peru, where there haven’t been volcanic eruptions for the past two million years.Yet, we’d found the Shanaya, a name originated from “heating thing”. My measurements averaged 190°F-195°F. The locals think it’s so hot because of the Yacumama, or “water mother”—a spirit who gives birth to waters—represented by a snake-head-shaped rock at the origin of the heated water.I had to cut my way through the bush at the side of the river to take temperature readings. All the while, right next to me was this very hot, fast-flowing body of water. A friend at the nearest village had told me, “Use your feet like eyes.” You can’t see heat, but you can feel it when you step near it. I wore sandals(凉鞋).I was at a part of the river measuring 210F, standing on a rock the size of a sheet or paper, when the rain fell. It was like a curtain rising. The temperature difference between the rain and the river caused a whiteout(临时性失明). I couldn’t see, but I whistled to let my partner know I was OK.At 130°F, flesh cooks, and the water around me was nearing twice that. My eyes would have cooked in less than a minute, and I couldn’t have seen how to get out. I saw rats fall in,their eyes turning milky white. I kept whistling.After 15 minutes the rain stopped and the steam cleared. A heavy rain in most situations would have been nothing important. Here, for a matter of minutes, it thinned the line between researching and being boiled alive.4．What do the locals think causes the water so hot?A．The high temperature.B．An imaginary creature.C．The volcanic eruptions.D．The geological conditions.5．Why did the author cut his way through the bush beside the river?A．To get some related data.B．To look into wildlife around the river.C．To know about the quality of the water.D．To appreciate the beautiful scenery there.6．For what reason did the author whistle when it rained?A．He was in trouble.B．He could stand on a rock.C．Nothing was wrong with him.D．He liked the natural phenomenon. 7．What is the best title for the article?A．A Hard Rain B．Milky White EyesC．Boiling River D．Water near VolcanoesIn a series of studies, researchers found highly trained dogs may be more successful than untrained pets in independently solving newly-presented problems.Researchers have discovered that one of the factors underlying this process may be persistence (坚持). It involves reinforcement, the principle that behaviors that are rewarded become stronger and more frequent. The other side of this is extinction, which refers to the fact that behaviors that are not rewarded grow weaker and become less likely to appear. When extinction sets in, the animal will simply quit before the problem is solved. It is possible that highly trained dogs have learned to persist and thus have developed resistance to extinction, which would make them better problem solvers.In this recent study, the researchers looked at 26 adult dogs divided into two groups, “trained dogs” and “pet dogs”. There were two tasks that the dogs were tested on. One was a social learning task where the dog had to learn to look directly into the experimenter’s eyes. Every time the dog stared at the experimenter’s face, they received a treat (reinforcement).Once the dogs were performing this task, the extinction stage began, and the staring behavior was no longer rewarded in order to see how persistent the newly learned behavior was.The second task focused on problem-solving. It involved a flat disk that had bone-shaped plastic bones. The dogs had to learn to remove the plastic bones to obtain the treat hiding under each one. After the series of rewarded trials, the extinction stage began, and no more reinforcements were provided for removing the bones.In the social learning task, the trained dogs gazed at the experimenters more than the pet dogs during extinction. While in the problem-solving task, the trained dogs picked up a larger number of bones during extinction. In other words, for dogs who had been trained, their newly learned behaviors persisted longer and were stronger than the behaviors of the pet dogs who received no training in any area.8．How does the author introduce the topic?A．By stating a fact.B．By raising a doubt.C．By making an assumption.D．By presenting a conclusion. 9．Which of the following can be seen as “reinforcement”?A．Chaining a dog up while walking it every day.B．Giving a goat some grass every time it stands up.C．Putting a fish back into the pool every time it jumps out.D．Yelling at a cat every time it fails to catch a mouse.10．How can dogs benefit from training in the experiment?A．Their newly learned behaviors last longer.B．They can grow stronger than untrained dogs.C．They are more likely to live longer.D．They are better at helping their friends.11．Which of the following can be the best title of the text?A．How researchers carry out animal experimentsB．Why trained dogs don’t give up easilyC．Why persistent dogs make better petsD．How to pick out a suitable pet dogWith the growing trend of listening to stories on meditation apps(冥想应用), travel tales—sometimes featuring surrounding sounds of places such as rainforests in Borneo—arehelping people get restful sleep. Imagine a voice softly telling as listeners close their eyes and snuggle down in their beds. Are you paying attention? Actually, it doesn’t matter.According to the CDC, some 70 million Americans struggle with chronic sleep problems. To help with this, many adults are bringing back bedtime stories through meditation apps. Nearly a third of the Calm app’s 300 bedtime stories, which have been listened to more than 450 million times, are about travel. Some 45% of the bedtime stories on the app Breethe are travel-related. Earlier this year, half of the top 10 bedtime stories were travel-themed.Travel bedtime stories are typically an audio retelling of a trip and rely heavily on descriptions, with occasional surrounding noises like ocean waves, train tracks, or soft music. Train stories are particularly popular at bedtime. “You need movement in a bedtime story—if things are static(静止的), it’s too dull and the listener will get restless,” says Martha Bayless, a professor at the University of Oregon’s Folklore and Public Culture Program. “But the movement has to be non-threatening and soothing. The train is the perfect vehicle for sleep, engaging the senses in a gentle way.”One possible reason why travel bedtime stories calm our brains is “mirror neurons(镜像神经元),” says Rachel Salas, a neurologist at Johns Hopkins Center for Sleep and Wellness. “These brain cells might combine our own experiences with someone else’s. For example, a tale of train travel could bring a sense of nostalgia(怀旧)for our own past journeys. The comforting sense of something familiar can help with relaxation and sleep. Additionally, the sound of a train chugging along the tracks serves as a type of white noise that lulls people to sleep,” Salas adds.“In most travel bedtime stories, nothing much happens,” says Bayless. “The bedtime stories are about the quiet period between adventures, which is what sleep is also about.”12．In which aspect do people benefit from travel tales?A．Promoting sleep.B．Inspiring imagination.C．Improving concentration.D．Gaining travel information.13．What do the numbers in paragraph 2 mainly indicate?A．Most adults suffer a lot from a lack of sleep.B．Adequate quality sleep is essential to human health.C．Meditation apps help people reduce stress effectively.D．Travel-related bedtime stories are more appealing to listeners.14．Rachel Salas’s words in paragraph 4 serve as ______.A．evidence of the significance of mirror neuronsB．an explanation as to why travel tales help with sleepC．a description of adventurous travel experiencesD．an analysis of how sleep affects people’s memory15．In which section of a newspaper may this article appear?A．Travel.B．Opinion.C．Entertainment.D．Science.Every sentence we speak shows something about who we are as humans. Even peopleor “pop” may reveal what country and what region they are from. What people call the night before Halloween may tie to their religious beliefs.17 Plants and animals that are given names in any language are generally those that are relevant to people speaking the language. The relevance comes from the way that the people have interacted with the animals and plants. In some cases, this has happened over centuries.While we might think of language as having a fixed set of words and rules that we learn in school, in fact language is always developing. New words emerge while others fall out of use. Pronunciation changes over time as does the meaning of words. 18 Our ability to learn language develops when we are young. Sounds heard as infants, or even in the womb (子宫), set the stage for language learning later. Baby cooing (咕咕叫) is the result of babies’ analysis of the languages spoken to them. 19 Children exposed to multiple languages early in life, and growing up multilingual, develop enhanced cognitive functions. These may include the ability to focus and ignore distractions Languages are as diverse as the communities that speak them. Each of the approximately 7,000 bold languages is a proof to a community’s unique human experience. Yet, many languages around the world are endangered. It is possible that as many as half of the world’s languages could go silent by the end of this century. Why? 20 But they boil down to social inequalities and disrespect for others.A．Babies are practicing the pronunciation of sounds that they need for communication.B．Languages change with time.C．These are rooted in their history and culture.D．What kind of slang (俚语) you use may come from the habits of your family.E．Language also shows the connections between us, and our natural environment.F．The reasons are complex.G．People also borrow words from languages other than their own to add to their own vocabulary.二、完形填空If you accuse（起诉）Jared, he will 24 to juvenile detention（少管所）until he’s 21.”I asked the police to 25 until I could speak with Jared. When Jared saw me, his eyes were filled with fear, 26 a note of regret. I seized the moment. “We meet for one hour every Saturday for ten months. We’ll spend a half-hour on homework and a half-hour 27 anything you like. But you must commit, and you must 28 the money you stole.”He took the offer.To my 29 , he showed up in the quiet, appointed place every Saturday. Saturday after Saturday we sat, we 30 , and I listened. I learned about his broken family, the ambitions that seemed far beyond his 31 to work toward them, and his lack of meaningful connections with others. He repaid the money to me. When the ten months ended, I 32 my hand to Jared, “That’s it. Thank you.”He laid his hand in mine, 33 , and looked at me. “That’s it?” he repeated.“Yeah,” I said.Later, we became good friends. Whatever problems our neighbors had, he was ready to help them.Young people sometimes make us 34 with their behavior, but as an adult, our positive guidance may make a great 35 to their whole life.21．A．lived B．spoke C．played D．combined 22．A．knew B．removed C．announced D．refused 23．A．interest B．book C．record D．reward 24．A．reply B．write C．refer D．go 25．A．give up B．hold off C．look around D．carry on26．A．using B．sharing C．showing D．asking 27．A．talking about B．turning down C．looking for D．thinking about 28．A．forget B．own C．remember D．repay 29．A．delight B．anger C．anxiety D．sadness 30．A．agreed B．chatted C．shouted D．cried 31．A．choice B．willingness C．health D．cleverness 32．A．clapped B．waved C．offered D．lent 33．A．doubtful B．calm C．upset D．cold 34．A．happy B．disappointed C．curious D．thankful 35．A．difference B．decision C．apology D．effort三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

高二理科数学（考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分）第Ⅰ卷一、选择题（本题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的） 1．对于命题:p x ∃∈R ，使得210x x ++<，则p ⌝是 A ．:p x ⌝∀∈R ，210x x ++> B ．:p x ⌝∃∈R ，210x x ++≠ C ．:p x ⌝∀∈R ，210x x ++≥D ．:p x ⌝∃∈R ，210x x ++<2．已知点(1,2,1)A -，点C 与点A 关于平面xOy 对称，点B 与点A 关于x 轴对称，则||BC =A ．B ．C ．D ．43．过点(2,0)且与直线230x y -+=垂直的直线方程是 A ．220x y --= B ．220x y +-= C ．240x y +-= D ．220x y +-=4．已知双曲线22116y x m-=的离心率为2，则双曲线的渐近线方程为A ．y x =B ．y x =C ．y =D ．y =5．若,m n 是两条不同的直线，,αβ是两个不同的平面，则下列命题正确的是A ．若,m αββ⊥⊥，则//m αB ．若//,m n m α⊥，则n α⊥C ．若//,//,,m n m n ααββ⊂⊂，则//αβD ．若m ∥β,m ⊂α,α⋂β=n ，则//m n 6．设x ∈R ，若“2)og (l 11x -<”是“221x m >-”的充分不必要条件，则实数m 的取值范围是A ．[B ．(1,1)-C ．(D ．[1,1]-7．若圆C 的半径为2，圆心在x 轴的正半轴上，直线3440x y ++=与圆C 相切，则圆C 的方程为 A ．22230x y x +--= B ．2240x y x ++= C ．2240x y x +-=D ．22230x y x ++-=8．已知F 是椭圆C ：22195x y +=的左焦点，P 为C 上一点，4(1,)3A ，则||||PA PF +的最小值为 A ．10B ．11C ．4 D ．139．某几何体的三视图如图所示，其中，正视图中的曲线为圆弧，则该几何体的体积为A ．4π643-B ．64－4πC ．64－6πD ．64－8π10．已知直线3y kx =+与圆22(2)(3)4x y -+-=相交于M N 、两点，若||MN ≥k 的取值范围是A ．3[,0]4-B ．3(,][0,)4-∞-+∞C ．[D ．2[,0]3-11．如图，在直三棱柱111ABC A B C -中，∠BAC =90°，AB =AC =2，AA 1，则AA 1与平面AB 1C 1所成的角为A ．π6B ．π4C ．π3D ．π212．已知抛物线22(0)y px p =>的焦点F 与双曲线22179x y -=的右焦点重合，抛物线的准线与x 轴的交点为K ，点A 在抛物线上且|||AK AF =，则AFK △的面积为A ．4B ．8C ．16D ．32第Ⅱ卷二、填空题（本题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分）13．命题“若实数a 、b 满足5a b +≤，则2a ≤或3b ≤”是________命题（填“真”或“假”）.14．若1a >，则双曲线22213x y a -=的离心率的取值范围是___________． 15．已知四棱锥-P ABCD 的顶点都在球O 的球面上，底面ABCD 是边长为2的正方形，且PA ⊥平面ABCD ，四棱锥-P ABCD 的体积为163，则该球的体积为___________． 16．若直线:10l ax by ++=始终平分圆22:4210M x y x y ++++=的周长，则22(2)(2)a b -+-的最小值为___________．三、解答题（本大题共6小题，共70分．解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤） 17．（本小题满分10分）已知命题p ：二次函数2()76f x x x =-+在区间[,)m +∞上是增函数；命题q ：双曲线22141x y m m -=--的离心率的取值范围是)+∞.（1）分别求命题p ，命题q 均为真命题时，m 的取值范围；（2）若“p 且q ” 是假命题，“p 或q ”是真命题，求实数m 的取值范围．18．（本小题满分12分）已知圆C 经过原点O （0，0）且与直线y =2x ﹣8相切于点P （4，0）． （1）求圆C 的方程；（2）已知直线l 经过点（4, 5），且与圆C 相交于M ，N 两点，若|MN|=2，求出直线l 的方程． 19．（本小题满分12分）已知直线:2l y x b =+与抛物线21:2C y x =. （1）若直线与抛物线相切，求实数b 的值.（2）若直线与抛物线相交于A 、B 两点，且｜AB ｜=10，求实数b 的值.20．（本小题满分12分）在平面直角坐标系xOy 中，∆ABC 顶点的坐标分别为A (−1,2)、B (1,4)、C(3,2)．（1）求∆ABC 外接圆E 的方程；（2）若直线l 经过点(0,4)，且与圆E 相交所得的弦长为l 的方程；（3）在圆E 上是否存在点P ，满足22||2||PB PA =12，若存在，求出点P 的坐标；若不存在，请说明理由．21．（本小题满分12分）如图，已知四棱锥S -ABCD ，底面梯形ABCD 中，BC ∥AD ，平面SAB ⊥平面ABCD ，SAB △是等边三角形，已知AC =2AB =4，BC =2AD =2DC =（1）求证:平面SAB ⊥平面SAC ； （2）求二面角B-SC-A 的余弦值.22．（本小题满分12分）设椭圆C ：x 2a 2+y 2b 2=1(a >b >0)，右顶点是A(2,0)，离心率为12. （1）求椭圆C 的方程；（2）若直线l 与椭圆C 交于两点,M N (,M N 不同于点A )，且AM ⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑ ∙AN ⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑ =0，求证：直线l 过定点，并求出定点坐标.。

塘沽一中2022—2023学年度第一学期高二期末复习卷（二）一、选择题：1．下列说法正确的是A.共价键的键能、键长和键角都可以通过晶体的x 射线衍射实验获得B.基态原子的最外层电子排布为ns 2的元素，除氦之外均位于第ⅡA 族C.C 2H 4与N 2H 4分子中含有π键与σ键个数比相同D.HX 中共价键的电子云是轴对称的2.氢气和氧气发生反应生成水的过程用如下模型表示，“—”表示化学键。

说法正确的是A ．过程I 是放热过程B ．该反应的能量转化形式只能以热能的形式进行C ．a 的总能量大于d 的总能量D ．1mol H 2O 在不同状态时的熵值：S[H 2O(l)]<S[H 2O(s)]3．下列事实对应的化学用语正确．．的是A.惰性电极电解硫酸铜溶液：2Cu 2+＋2H 2O =2Cu ＋O 2↑+4H +B.氯化铵在重水中水解：NH 4++D 2O NH 3·HDO ＋OD -C.用醋酸清洗热水壶中的碳酸钙水垢：2H ＋＋CaCO 3=Ca 2＋＋H 2O ＋CO 2↑D.泡沫灭火器工作原理：Al 3+＋3HCO 3-=Al(OH)3↓+3CO 2↑4．下列各组离子一定能大量共存的是A ．在含有大量Fe 3+的溶液中：43NH Na Cl HCO ++--、、、B ．常温下C （OH -）=10-12mol/L 的溶液：23K Fe Cl NO 、、、++--C ．澄清透明溶液中：224H K SO Cu++-+、、、D ．常温下水电离的C （OH -）=10-12mol/L 的溶液：324K Al Cl SO ++--、、、5．下列不能．．用勒夏特列原理解释的是A.向Fe(SCN)3溶液中加入固体KSCN 后颜色变深B.用饱和食盐水除去Cl 2中的HCl ，可以减少氯气的损失C.将FeCl 3溶液加热蒸干不能得到FeCl 3固体D.工业上SO 2催化氧化成SO 3的反应，选用常压条件而不选用高压6.用下列仪器或装置(图中夹持装置略)进行相应实验，不能．．达到实验目的的是A 测锌与稀硫酸反应速率B 制作简单燃料电池C 验证铁的吸氧腐蚀D 在铁制镀件上镀铜7．下列实验操作、实验现象及解释或结论都正确且有因果关系的是选项实验操作实验现象解释或结论A向较浓的FeCl 2溶液中滴入少量酸性KMnO 4溶液KMnO 4溶液紫色褪去Fe 2+具有还原性B 向盛有2mL0.1mol∙L -1AgNO 3溶液的试管中滴加3mL0.1mol∙L -1NaCl 溶液，再向其中滴加一定量0.1mol∙L -1KI 溶液先有白色沉淀生成，后又产生黄色沉淀常温下，溶度积：K sp(AgCl)＞K sp(AgI)C用铂(Pt)电极电解等浓度的足量Fe(NO 3)3、Cu(NO 3)2混合溶液阴极有红色固体物质析出金属活动性：Fe ＞Cu D用pH 试纸测得相同浓度的pH NaClO 溶液、NaNO 2溶液的pHNaClO 溶液的pH 约为9，NaNO 2溶液的pH 约为8HNO 2的酸性比HClO 强8．部分弱酸的电离平衡常数如表所示：下列选项错误的是弱酸HCOOH HCN H 2CO 3H 2SO 3电离平衡(25℃)K a=1.77×10-4K a=4.9×10-10K a1=4.3×10-7K a2=5.6×10-11K a1=1.54×10-2K a2=1.02×10-7A ．等体积等浓度的HCOONa 和NaCN 溶液中所含阴离子总数前者大于后者B ．少量SO 2通入Na 2CO 3溶液中：SO 2+H 2O+23CO -=23SO -+H 2CO 3C ．中和等体积等pH 的HCOOH 和HCN 消耗NaOH 的量前者小于后者D ．少量CO 2通入NaCN 溶液中：CN -+H 2O+CO 2=HCN+3HCO -9.室温下，1L 含0.1mol CH 3COOH 和0.1mol CH 3COONa 的溶液a 及加入一定量强酸或强碱后溶液的pH 如下表（加入前后溶液体积不变）：像溶液a 这样加入少量强酸或强碱后pH 变化不大的溶液称为缓冲溶液。

高二上册期末考试复习资料高二上册期末考试即将到来，为了让同学们能够更好地备考，我们为大家整理了一些复习资料。

第一部分：语文
语文考试是高二上册期末考试中最重要的一科，因此我们需要认真备考。

首先，我们需要掌握词语的基本意思，注意区分同音异形词、多音字的用法。

在阅读理解方面要注重细节，特别是在文章意思不明确时，需要耐心细读，排除干扰项，认真寻找关键词。

作文方面需要注意避免重复，语言表达要准确、言简意赅。

第二部分：数学
数学是高中重点学科之一，期末考试会涉及到许多知识点。

要想在考试中发挥出自己的水平，我们需要对基础知识进行温习。

例如，直线与平面的交点、多项式的运算、函数的图像、三角函数的定理等等。

此外，我们还需要多做题，提升解题能力。

需要注意的是，在考试中，我们需要认真审题，仔细排除干扰项，准确地用公式计算解题。

第三部分：英语
英语是现代社会中使用最广泛的语言之一，掌握好英语很重要。

在期末考试中，英语的要求难度也相对较高。

我们需要重视听力、口语、阅读和写作的综合能力，做到听说读写并重。

为了更好的
备考，我们可以利用各种学习资源，如听力材料、电影、英语读
物等等。

在写作方面，要注意遣词造句，避免语法错误和拼写错误。

综上所述，高二上册期末考试是一场重要的考试，我们需要准
备充分。

针对不同学科的特点，我们需要选择不同的复习方法，
如多做练习题、看教学视频、做试卷模拟等等。

同时要注意保持
良好的心态，不要紧张和焦虑，相信自己，执着不放弃，最终一
定能够取得好成绩。

2022-2023学年北京市中国人民大学附属中学高二上学期期末复习（二）数学试题一、单选题1．设复数，是z 的共轭复数，则（ ）3i1i z +=-z z z ⋅=A ．-3B ．-1C ．3D ．5【答案】D【分析】先利用复数的除法化简，进而得到共轭复数，再利用复数的乘法运算求解.【详解】解：∵，()()()()3i 1i 3i 12i 1i 1i 1i z +++===++-+∴，．12i z =-()()2212i 12i 125z z ⋅=+-=+=故选：D ．2．已知向量，，且，则实数的值为（ ）．(),2,1a m =()1,0,4b =-a b ⊥m A ．4B ．C ．2D ．4-2-【答案】A【分析】依题意可得，根据数量积的坐标表示得到方程，解得即可.0a b ⋅=【详解】解：因为，，且，(),2,1a m =()1,0,4b =-a b ⊥ 所以，解得.40a b m ⋅=-+=4m =故选：A3．抛物线的准线方程是（ ）22y x =A ．B ．C ．D ．12x =12x =-18y =18y =-【答案】D【分析】先将抛物线方程化为标准形式，再根据抛物线的性质求出其准线方程.【详解】抛物线的方程可化为x 2y12=故128p =其准线方程为y 18=-故选：D4．已知双曲线C ：有相等的焦距，则22221x y a b -=2215x y +=C 的方程为（ ）A ．B ．2213x y -=2213y x -=C ．D ．22193x y -=22139x y -=【答案】B【分析】根据椭圆的焦距可得双曲线C ：的焦距，根据双曲线C ：2215x y +=22221x y a b -=2c求得，即可得出答案.22221x y a b -=ba =222c ab =+22,a b【详解】解：因为双曲线C ：22221x y a b -=所以，ba =b =椭圆的焦距为，2215x y +=4所以双曲线C ：的焦距，即，22221x y a b -=24c =2c =又因，解得，所以，2222234c a b a a =+=+=21a =23b =所以C 的方程为.2213y x -=故选：B.5．如图是抛物线形拱桥，当水面在l 时，拱顶离水面2米，水面宽4米，水位下降1米后，水面宽（ ）米．A ．B ．C ．D ．【答案】B【分析】通过建立直角坐标系，设出抛物线方程，将A 点代入抛物线方程求得m ，得到抛物线方程，再把B （x 0，﹣3）代入抛物线方程求得x 0进而得到答案．【详解】如图建立直角坐标系，设抛物线方程为x 2＝my ，将A （2，﹣2）代入x 2＝my ，得m ＝﹣2∴x 2＝﹣2y ，B （x 0，﹣3）代入方程得x 0，=故水面宽为．故选：B ．6．如图，已知正方形所在平面与正方形所在平面构成的二面角，则异面直线ABCD ABEF 60︒与所成角的余弦值为（ ）．AC BFA ．B ．CD 1412【答案】A【分析】根据题目条件可知，即为平面与平面构成二面角的平面角，将异面直EBC ∠ABCD ABEF 线与所成角的余弦值转化成直线方向向量夹角余弦值的绝对值即可.AC BF 【详解】根据题意可知，即为平面与平面构成二面角的平面角，所以EBC ∠ABCD ABEF ，60EBC ∠= 设正方形边长为1，异面直线与所成的角为，AC BF θ，，AC AB BC =+ BF BE EF =+EF BA ==- 所以()))(()(BF BE E AC AB BC AB BC F BE AB +==++- 即210(1)11cos 6002BF BE B AC AB AB BC BC E AB =-+-=+-+⨯⨯-=-所以；4c os 1,A A BF BF B C AC C F==-= 即，1cos cos ,4F AC B θ==所以，异面直线与所成角的余弦值为.AC BF 14故选：A.7．对于直线：（），现有下列说法：l 10ax ay a +-=0a ≠①无论如何变化，直线l 的倾斜角大小不变；a ②无论如何变化，直线l 一定不经过第三象限；a ③无论如何变化，直线l 必经过第一、二、三象限；a ④当取不同数值时，可得到一组平行直线．a 其中正确的个数是（ ）A ．B ．C ．D ．1234【答案】C【分析】将直线化为斜截式方程，得出直线的斜率与倾斜角，可判断①正确，④正确；由直线的纵截距为正，可判断②正确，③错误．【详解】直线：（），可化简为：，即，则直线的斜率l 10ax ay a +-=0a ≠210x y a +-=21y x a =-+为，倾斜角为，故①正确；直线在轴上的截距为，可得直线经过一二四象限，故1-135︒y 210a >②正确，③错误；当取不同数值时，可得到一组斜率为的平行直线，故④正确；a 1-故选：C8．已知是椭圆的两个焦点，若椭圆上存在点满足，则的12F F ，22:18x y C m +=C P 1290F PF ∠=︒m 取值范围是（ ）A ．B ．(][)0,216,+∞ (][)0,416,+∞ C ．D ．(][)0,28,+∞ (][)0,48,+∞ 【答案】B【分析】利用圆的直径所对圆周角为，将椭圆上存在点满足，转化为以90︒C P 1290F PF ∠=︒为直径的圆与椭圆有交点，即可求解.12F F 【详解】解：若椭圆上存在点满足，只需满足以为直径的圆与椭圆有交点，C P 1290F PF ∠=︒12F F即,即，122F F b c ≤=22b c ≤当时,椭圆的焦点在轴上,此时，则，解得：，8m <x 2228,,8a b m c m ===-8m m ≤-4m ≤当时，椭圆的焦点在轴上，此时，则，解得：.8m >y 222,8,8a m b c m ===-88m ≤-16m ≥综上，.(][)0,416,m ∈+∞ 故选：B【点睛】本题考查椭圆的基本性质，属于较易题。

高二上册期末考试复习知识点高二上册期末考试即将到来，为了帮助同学们更好地复习，以下是本学期高二各科的重点知识点回顾。

语文：1. 古文阅读：重点阅读《论语》、《诗经》等经典文献，理解古代文化和思想。

2. 作文：提升议论文写作能力，加强论证和引用文献的技巧。

3. 阅读理解：注重阅读材料的整体把握，加强对文本细节的理解和猜测能力。

数学：1. 代数与函数：理解函数的概念与性质，加强多项式、指数与对数的运算和应用。

2. 几何与图形：掌握平面几何基本定理，加强对三角函数的应用。

3. 数学推理与证明：熟悉常见证明方法，注重推理与证明题的训练。

英语：1. 听力：提高听力理解能力，注重对场景对话和学术讲座的听力练习。

2. 阅读理解：培养快速阅读和理解文本的能力，加强词汇积累。

3. 写作：重点训练议论文和图表描述，加强语法和作文结构的运用。

物理：1. 力学：强化牛顿运动定律和万有引力定律的理解，求解多种力学问题。

2. 光学：掌握光的传播规律和光的折射、反射等基本现象。

3. 电学：理解电场、电流和电阻的概念，熟悉欧姆定律和基本电路的分析方法。

化学：1. 有机化学：掌握碳的化合价和有机化合物的基本结构，了解有机反应的机理。

2. 酸碱与盐：熟悉酸碱中的酸、碱度的定义，加强对酸碱中性化反应的理解。

3. 化学方程式与化学计算：加强对化学方程式的平衡和化学计算的掌握。

历史：1. 中国古代史：了解中国古代朝代的沿革、文化和社会制度的变迁。

2. 世界史：掌握世界历史的重大事件和文明发展趋势。

3. 近现代史：理解近现代中国的社会变革和政治运动。

地理：1. 自然地理：学习地球的构造、地球板块运动和地球表层的自然现象。

2. 人文地理：了解人口、城市化和资源利用等人文地理问题。

3. 地图与地理信息：掌握地图符号和地图阅读，加强对地理信息系统的认识。

生物：1. 分子与细胞：理解细胞结构和功能，加强对生物分子的认知。

2. 遗传与进化：熟悉遗传规律和生物进化的基本概念，了解人类的进化史。

陕西省西安中学2020-2021学年高二上学期期末化学复习题2一、单选题（本大题共25小题，共50.0分）1.下列各组物质中，都是强电解质的是()A. NH4Cl、CH3COOH、Na2SB. HClO、NaF、Ba(OH)2C. NaOH、Ca(OH)2、NH3·H2OD. HBr、HCl、BaSO42.由硫酸钾、硫酸铝和硫酸组成的混合溶液中，c(H+)=0.2mol⋅L−1，c(Al3+)=0.4mol⋅L−1，c(SO42−)=0.8mol⋅L−1，则c(K+)为()A. 0.2mol⋅L−1B. 0.3mol⋅L−1C. 0.4mol⋅L−1D. 0.5mol⋅L−13.下列方程式书写正确的是()A. HCO 3−在水溶液中的电离方程式：HCO3−+H2O H3O++CO32−B. H 2SO3的电离方程式H2SO32H++SO32−C. CO32−的水解方程式：CO32−+2H2O H2CO3+2OH−D. CaCO3的电离方程式：CaCO3Ca2++CO32−4.对于难溶盐MX，其饱和溶液中的M+和X−的物质的量浓度之间的关系近似于：c(H+)⋅c(OH−)=K W，存在着c(M+)⋅c(X−)=K sp的关系．现将足量AgCl固体分别放入下列物质中，AgCl溶解度由大到小的排列顺序为()①20mL0.01mol⋅L−1KCl溶液②30mL0.02mol⋅L−1CaCl2溶液③40mL0.03mol⋅L−1HCl溶液④10mL蒸馏水⑤50mL0.05mol⋅L−1AgNO3．A. ①>②>③>④>⑤B. ④>①>③>②>⑤C. ⑤>④>②>①>③D. ④>③>⑤>②>①5.下列叙述正确的是()A. 将稀氨水逐滴加入稀硫酸中，当溶液pH=7时，c(SO42−)>c(NH4+)B. 两种醋酸溶液的物质的量浓度分别为c1和c2，pH分别为a和a+1，则c1=10c2C. 室温下，pH=11的NaOH溶液与pH=3的醋酸溶液等体积混合，滴入石蕊溶液呈红色D. 向0.1mol/L的氨水中加入少量硫酸铵固体，则溶液中c(OH−)增大c(NH3⋅H2O)6. 在图所示的装置中，a 的活动性比氢要强，b 为碳棒，关于此装置的各种 叙述不正确的是( )A. 碳棒上有气体放出，溶液的pH 增大B. a 是正极，b 是负极C. 导线中有电子流动，电子从a 极流到b 极D. a 极上发生了氧化反应7. 蓄电池在放电时起原电池的作用，在充电时起电解池的作用．下面是爱迪生蓄电池分别在充电和放电时发生的反应：Fe +NiO 2+2H 2O ⇌充电放电Fe(OH)2+Ni(OH)，下列有关爱迪生蓄电池的推断错误的是( )A. 放电时，Fe 是负极，NiO 2是正极B. 蓄电池的电极可以浸入某种碱性电解质溶液中C. 充电时，阴极上的电极反应为：Fe(OH)2+2e −=Fe +2OH −D. 放电时，电解质溶液中的阴离子向正极方向移动8. 常温下，下列各组离子在指定溶液中能大量共存的是( )A. 饱和氯水中：Cl −、NO 3−、Na +、CO 32−B. c(H +)=1.0×10−13 mol ⋅L −1的溶液中：C 6H 5O −、K +、SO 42−、Br −C. 酚酞呈红色的溶液中：SO 42−、K +、Cl −、HSO 3−D. pH =2的溶液中：NO 3−、I −、Na +、Al 3+9. 对于常温下，pH 为1的硝酸溶液，下列叙述正确的是( )A. 该溶液1 mL 稀释至100 mL 后，pH 小于3B. 向该溶液中加入等体积、pH 为13的氢氧化钡溶液恰好完全中和C. 该溶液中硝酸电离出的c(H +)与水电离出的c(H +)的比值为10−12D. 该溶液中水电离出的c(H +)是pH 为3的硝酸中水电离出的c(H +)的100倍10. 下列操作中，能使电离平衡：H 2O ⇌H ++OH −，向右移动且溶液呈酸性的是( )A. 向水中加入Na 2CO 3溶液B. 向水中加入Al 2(SO 4)3固体C. 向水中加入NaHSO 4溶液D. 将水加热到100℃，使pH =611. 有关电化学知识的描述正确的是( )A. CaO+H2O=Ca(OH)2，可以放出大量的热，故可把该反应设计成原电池，把其中的化学能转化为电能B. 某原电池反应为Cu+2AgNO3=Cu(NO3)2+2Ag，装置中的盐桥中可以是装有含琼胶的KCl饱和溶液C. 原电池的两极一定是由活动性不同的两种金属组成D. 牺牲阳极的阴极保护法是利用原电池的原理来保护金属12.常温下pH=3的盐酸和pH=11的氨水等体积混和后，离子浓度关系正确的是A. [NH4+]>[Cl−]>[H+]>[OH−]B. [NH4+]>[Cl−]>[OH−]>[H+]C. [Cl−]>[NH4+]>[H+]>[OH−]D. [Cl−]>[NH4+]>[OH−]>[H+]13.某温度下，向一定体积0.1mol/L醋酸溶液中逐滴加入等浓度的NaOH溶液，溶液中pOH(pOH=−lg[OH−])与pH的变化关系如图所示，则()A. M点所示溶液导电能力强于Q点B. N点所示溶液中c(CH3COO−)>c(Na+)C. M点和N点所示溶液中水的电离程度相同D. Q点消耗NaOH溶液的体积等于醋酸溶液的体积14.准确量取25.00mL高锰酸钾溶液，可选用的仪器是()A. 500mL量筒B. 25mL量筒C. 25mL酸式滴定管D. 25mL碱式滴定管15.实验室用标准NaOH溶液测定某硫酸溶液的浓度，用酚酞作指示剂，下列对测定结果评价错误的是选项操作测定结果评价A洗净干燥后的碱式滴定管在装碱液前未用标准碱液润洗2～3次偏高开始实验时碱式滴定管尖嘴部分有气泡，在滴定过程中气泡消B偏高失C锥形瓶未干燥无影响D滴定前俯视读数，滴定后仰视读数偏高A. AB. BC. CD. D16.常温下，一定量的醋酸与氢氧化钠溶液发生中和反应．下列说法正确的是()A. 当溶液中c(CH3COO−)=c(Na+)>c(H+)=c(OH−)时，一定是醋酸过量B. 当溶液中c (CH3COO−)=c(Na+)时，一定是氢氧化钠过量C. 当溶液中c (CH3COO−)=c(Na+)时，醋酸与氢氧化钠恰好完全反应D. 当溶液中c (Na+)>c(CH3COO−)>c(OH−)>c(H+)时，一定是氢氧化钠过量17.分离下列物质时可用重结晶法的是()A. 蔗糖中含有泥沙B. 汽油中含有水C. 硫粉和铁粉D. 氯化钠和硝酸钾混合物18.一定量的某有机物完全燃烧后，将燃烧产物通过足量的石灰水，经过滤可得沉淀10g，但称量滤液时，其质量只减少2.9g，则此有机物不可能是()A. C2H6B. C2H4C. C2H6OD. C2H6O219.在核磁共振氢谱中出现两组峰，其氢原子数之比为3∶2的化合物是A. B.C. D.20.用相对分子质量为43的烷基取代甲苯苯环上的1个氢原子，所得芳香烃产物的数目为()A. 3B. 4C. 5D. 621.某烷烃主链上有4个碳原子的同分异构体有2种，含有相同碳原子数且主链上也有4个碳原子的单烯烃的同分异构体有()A. 2种B. 4种C. 5种D. 7种22.对于苯乙烯的下列叙述：①能使酸性KMnO4溶液褪色，②可发生加聚反应，③可溶于水，④可溶于苯中，⑤苯环能与溴水发生取代反应，⑥所有的原子可能共面。

高二物理上学期模拟试题2一、单项选择题，每题3分，共24分1.如图所示，一带电量为q 的小球A 固定于左侧绝缘支架上，右侧有一倾角为37︒的绝缘光滑斜面，质量为m 的带电小球B 静止于斜面上，恰与A 球处于同一高度。

已知AB 间距离为d ，静电力常量为k ，重力加速度为g ，（sin 370.6︒=，cos370.8︒=），则（）A.A、B 带异种电荷B.B 受到的库仑力方向沿斜面向上C.B 所带电荷量大小为234mgd kq D.B 受到斜面的支持力大小为34mg2、如图所示，把茶杯压在一张白纸上，第一次用水平力迅速将白纸从茶杯下抽出；第二次以较慢的速度将白纸从茶杯下抽出。

下列说法中正确的是（）A、第二次拉动白纸过程中，纸对茶杯的摩擦力大一些；B、第一次拉动白纸过程中，纸对茶杯的摩擦力大一些；C、第二次拉动白纸过程中，茶杯增加的动量大一些；D、第一次拉动白纸过程中，纸给茶杯的冲量大一些；3.运动电荷在磁场中受到洛伦兹力的作用，运动方向会发生偏转，这一点对地球上的生命来说有十分重要的意义．从太阳和其他星体发射出的高能粒子流，称为宇宙射线，在射向地球时，由于地磁场的存在，改变了带电粒子的运动方向，对地球起到了保护作用．如图所示为地磁场对宇宙射线作用的示意图．现有来自宇宙的一束质子流，以与地球表而垂直的方向射向赤道上空的某一点，则这束质子在进入地球周围的空间将（）A.竖直向下沿直线射向地面B.向东偏转C.向西偏转D.向北偏转4.如图所示，甲乙丙三套装置完全一样，都放置在磁感应强度大小相等的匀强磁场中。

导电导轨、导体棒都在同一平面内，相互垂直，电源有一定内阻。

甲乙两套装置的平面水平，丙轨道平面与水平面夹角θ；磁场甲图竖直向上、乙图与水平面夹θ角、丙与导轨平面垂直。

但三个导体棒都静止，则（）A.甲图中导体棒对导轨压力最大B.乙图中导体棒对导轨压力最大C.乙图中轨道对棒的摩擦力最大D.丙图中轨道对棒的摩擦力一定沿轨道向下5.某小组重做奥斯特实验，在一根南北方向放置的直导线的正下方放置一小磁针，如图所示，给导线通入恒定电流，小磁针再次静止时偏转了30°，已知该处地磁场水平分量55.010B T -=⨯，通电直导线在该处产生的磁感应强度大小为（）A.52.910T-⨯ B.57.110T -⨯C.58.710T -⨯ D.41.010T-⨯6.无线充电是近年发展起来的新技术，如图所示，该技术通过交变磁场在发射线圈和接收线圈间传输能量。

高二地理期末复习题二答案
30. (1)缓解当时的人地矛盾，并对合理利用剩余劳动力，提高经济收入，保护生态环
境等产生积极作用。

(2) 可增强城市活力，但在一定程度上对交通、住房以及社会经济秩序造成压力，
并带来社会治安管理等方面的问题。

(3) 发展中国家31、(1)终年温和多雨（2分）温带落叶阔叶林（2分）
(2)欧洲西部温带海洋性气候分布范围较大，东西分布较宽，南北跨度较大。

（或“北
美洲西部温带海洋性气候分布范围较小，东西分布较窄，南北跨度较小。

”）（2分）。

原因：欧洲西部缺少南北走向的山脉对西风的阻挡，平原广阔且东西延伸，西风可深入内陆（2分）；海岸线曲折，轮廓破碎，海洋影响深入内陆（2分）；北大西洋暖流比北太平洋暖流更为强大，增温增湿作用更强（2分）。

（或“北美洲西部沿海有南北走向的山脉阻挡，西风难以深入内陆（3分）；北太平洋暖流比北大西洋暖流势力弱，增温增湿作用较小”（3分）。

)
32、(1)受赤道低气压带影响；为来自海洋的东北信风的迎风坡，多地形雨；受暖流影
响，大气增温、增湿．
(2)节省运输成本；减少原料损耗（劳动力成本较低；地租较低）．
33、(1)黑海、地中海、红海、阿拉伯海、里海亚洲、欧洲、非洲
(2) 波斯湾伊拉克叙利亚土耳其阿曼
(3) 苏伊士曼德霍尔木兹
(4) 沙特阿拉伯、伊朗、科威特、伊拉克、阿拉伯联合酋长国
(5) 埃及尼罗河沿岸平原及河口三角洲地区石油、运河、侨汇、旅游
(6) 阿拉伯白色伊斯兰
34、(1)热带雨林气候热带草原气候热带沙漠气候地中海气候
(2) 以热带气候为主干旱面积比重大气候南北对称分布
(3) 热带草原气候 B 南。

高二有机化学期末复习（2）同分异构体高二班座号姓名例1：下列化合物中同分异构体数目最少的是A．戊烷B．戊醇C．戊烯D．乙酸乙酯【解析】戊烷只有碳骨架异构，有正戊烷、异戊烷、新戊烷三种同分异构体；戊醇在戊烷的三种骨架结构上羟基的位置不同有8种同分异构体（1—戊醇、2—戊醇、3—戊醇、2—甲基—1—丁醇、2—甲基—2—丁醇、3—甲基—2—丁醇、3—甲基—1—丁醇、2,2—二甲基—1—丙醇、）；戊烯共有5种结构（1—戊烯、2—戊烯、2—甲基—1—丁烯、2—甲基—2—丁烯、3—甲基—1—丁烯）；乙酸乙酯有6种同分异构体（属于酯的4种：甲酸1—丙醇酯、甲酸2—丙醇酯、乙酸乙酯、丙酸甲酯；属于酸的两种：丁酸、2—甲基丙酸），所以最少的是戊烷。

【考查1】常规同分异构体的书写方法。

熟识：烷烃、烯烃、炔烃、卤代烃、醇、醛、羧酸、酯的同分异构体书写方法。

强化练习1：1．分子式为C5H10O2并能与饱和NaHCO3溶液反应放出气体的有机物有（不含立体异构）A．3种B．4种C．5种D．6种2．分子式为C4 H8 O2能与NaOH溶液发生水解反应的有机物有(不含顺反异构)A．6种B．5种C．4种D．3种3．分子式为C5H10O2的有机物在酸性条件下可水解生成甲和乙两种有机物，乙在铜的催化作用下能氧化为醛，满意以上条件的酯有A．6种B．7种C．8种D．9种4．某有机化合物只含C、H、O 三种元素且只含有一种官能团，其相对分子质量为58，该有机物完全燃烧时产生等物质的量的CO2和H2O。

则它可能的结构共有（不考虑立体异构）A．3 种B．4 种C．5 种D．6 种5．苯环上有两个侧链烃基的有机物C12H18，其同分异构体的数目为（不考虑立体异构）A．39 B．42 C．45 D．486．分子式为C8H7O2Cl的芳香化合物有多种结构，其中能与NaHCO3反应放出CO2的其同分异构体数为A．17种B．14种C．11种D．7种7．甲苯苯环上的一个H原子被—C3H6Cl取代，形成的同分异构体有（不考虑立体异构）A．9种B．12种C．15种D．18种8．有机物有多种同分异构体，其中属于酯类且氯原子干脆连在苯环上的同分异构体有多少种（不考虑立体异构）A．6种B．9种C．15 D．19种例2：2，5-二羟基苯甲酸（）俗称龙胆酸，满意下列条件的龙胆酸．．．的同分异构体有种，写出其中一种的结构简式①能发生银镜反应；②能使FeCl3溶液显色；③酯类。