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英文翻译专题（英文）The Lagoon of Venice:geological setting,evolution and landsubsidencepaper deals with the geological setting, history and subsidence of the Venetian Plain. Major attention is paid to the Pleistocene-Holocene stratigraphic sequence in the Lagoon of Venice, in relation to its origin that dates back to 6-7 Kyr BP. Geological land subsidence, which played an important role in the origin and the evolution of the lagoon, and anthropogenic subsidence, that has recently assumed a major importance for the Venetian environment, are discussed. Considering also the sea level rise, 23 cm loss in land elevation has occurred in the last century, leading to increased flooding events and environmental problems that require protective works.IntroductionThe lagoon of Venice is the largest lagoon in Italy, and the most important survivor of the system of lagoons which in Roman times characterized the upper Adriatic coast from Ravenna to Trieste. Bounded by the Sile River to the North and the Brenta River to the South, the Venice Lagoon is oblong and arched in shape. It covers an area of about 550 km2, being 50 km long and 8-14 km wide. Its mor-phology consists of shallows, tidal flats, salt marshes, islands and a net of channels. The lagoon boundaries also include fish ponds, reclaimed areas and the coast that is presently interrupted by three inlets, namely Lido, Malamocco and Chioggia, which permit water exchange with the Adriatic Sea (Figure 1). The present setting of the Venice Lagoon is mainly the result of a number of human interventions. Origin and evolution of the LagoonIt has been demonstrated (Gatto and Carbognin, 1981) that the lagoon of Venice originated nearly 6-7 kyr BP during the Flandrian transgression, when the rising sea flooded the Upper Adriatic Wur-mian paleoplain and outlined the coast in approximately the present position. The early lagoon was smaller than the present one and the exchange of its waters with the sea occurred through eight inlets, against the three it has now. Originally, two main factors affecting the lagoon basin: i) the continuous sediment supply from Adige,Bacchiglione, Brenta, Sile and Piave rivers flowing into the lagoon,so that the filling was greater than the natural subsidence and the eustatic sea level rising; ii) the noticeable coastal nourishment, also coming from the Po river to the South, that led to a gradual silting-up of the tidal inlets.These two processes steered unavoidably to the disappearing of the lagoon basin. Venetians, considering the lagoon a source of secu-rity against enemies and power with its channels and port, began to carry out several hydraulic works to preserve it.Mostly, the diver-sion of the major tributaries into the sea was started in 1400 AD and concluded in 1600 AD. They avoided making the lagoon a marsh-land, but also induced an abrupt reversal in its natural evolution.With the passing of time, sea properties began to prevail, enhanced further by human interventions. In fact, since 1800 man has newly altered the lagoon setting very intensely. He dug new deep canals and modified the sea openings, both in the number and the setting, to serve the industrial harbour; occupied intertidal flats to provide the necessary areas for new industrial and urban centers, and perma-nently closed areas for fish farms. These changes were decisive in spurring the lagoon hydrodynamics, accelerating erosion and modi-fying the flora and fauna habitat. Furthermore, in the last decades the industrial water supply was provided by rash exploitation of artesian aquifers causing a serious land subsidence. An induced consequence is a weakening of the littoral system (Brambati, 1987) with a deep-ening of the sea bottom that also contributes to the instability of the lagoon itself (Carbognin et. al，1995)Geological and sedimentological setting of the Gulf of VeniceReferring to the whole Venetian Plain, the geological setting down to about 5,000 m consists of Prepliocene, Pliocene and Quaternary deposits (Figure 2). The pre-Quaternary substratum southwards is characterized by fold and faulted overfolds, which are parallel to the main tectonic trend of the Apennines and include several gas-bearing traps at depths on the order of 2,000 m. Quaternary sediments range between 3,000 m (southern zone) and hundreds of meters (northern zone). They mostly consist of sandy and silty-clayey layers of alluvial and marine origin. The bottom follows the structure of the substratum showing a little tectonic disturbance only in the northern sector where the lagoon of Venice is found. The thickness of the Neozoic formations and, consequently, the subsidence rate exhibits a non-uniform space distribution.The area of Venice is located in a complex foreland setting near the pinchout of both the Southalpine and the Apenninic wedges, that developed during Serravallian-Messinian and early Pliocene-Pleistocene times, respectively. The post-Messinian depositional sequence is represented by deep-sea hemipelagic deposits that drape the eroded Messinian surface: the Santerno Clays (Figure 3). This formation comprises Pliocene to middle Pleistocene sequences that crop out along the northern edge of the Apennines and is represented by isolated outcrops on the Alpine edge of the Po Valley. Its depositional environment is quite deep, from outer neritic to bathyal. The Santerno Formation is confined between the Messinian unconformity and the overlying Pleistocene Asti Sands. The Asti Formation displays an overall shallowing trend from turbiditic to deltaic/shallow-marine and finally continental settings. The present-day Venetian area was reached by the north-Adriatic turbidite system during the early to middle Pleistocene, due to the north-eastward shifting of the Apenninic foredeep. The Asti Sands turbiditic sequences show flat parallel surfaces that onlap against the clayey substratum of the Santerno Clays. Peat-rich deposits close to the top of the Asti Sands indicate a floodplain environment. The thickness of the Asti formation is fairly uniform and averages 1,000 m. Close to thePo River delta, its thickness increases to up to 2,000 m.Figure 1 ASTER image of the V enice Lagoon and its surrounding mainland. Main localities are indicated.Geological and palaeogeographical feature of the Venice areaKnowledge on geological and lithostratigraphical settings of the Venice area results from thousands of different analyses based on hundreds of cores drilled on purpose Main information sources about the Plio-Pleistocene subsoil are two boreholes: the VE-1 CNR, that extends down to 947 m with continuous coring, and the VE-2 CNR, down to 400 m, drilled with discontinuous coring. Recently, using an integrated magneto-bio-cyclo-stratigraphy of lithofacies and palynofloral analyses in the VE-1 core, Kent at al. (2002) could infer the following history: in the late Pliocene the depositional area was a strongly subsiding shelf which shoaled to near sea level; following a hiatus of at least 0.2 Myr the shelf rapidly drowned to bathyal depths over the early Pleistocene, and hemipelagic muds with sapropel layers were deposited; these are followed by a thick package of basinal turbidites, fed from the eastern Southern Alps; then, in the middle part of Brunhes, Porelated deltaic sedimentationled to the progressive infill of the basin;this episode ended with the first appearance of continental deposits;the upper part of the succession shows a cyclothemic organization with submergence of Venice area during glacio-eustatic highstands and emergence during glacial lowstands.From the bottom of the borehole up to about 513 m in depth, the sands are characterized by a high amount of carbonate rock fragments (eastern South Alpine provenance). Going up to about 438 m in depth the composition abruptly changes into quartzolithic with large amounts of quartz and metamorphic rock fragments (from Alps/Northern Apennine). This change is indicative of a significant middle-Pleistocene tectonic movement of the region related to the dynamic of the Apennine foredeep. From about -438 to -19 m in depth, the sand composition is a mixture of the two types of sediments, reflecting the simultaneous activity of the two sources (Stefani, 2002). The uppermost part of the succession contains numerous peat layers indicative of floodplain to marsh environmental settings;in this part of the core a chronology was established on the basis of radiocarbon data.Figure 3 Sedimentological model of the post-Messinian basin across the Lagoon of Venice area and the northwestern Adriatic Sea (modified after AGIP Mineraria, 1999, unpublished report).Kent et al. (2002) distinguished six prominent sea-level transgressions trl throughout tr6, that occur at depths 10.5, 79, 136, 152,202 and 262 m respectively, where continental sediments are overlain by shoreface and shelf marine deposits.A good correlation with these transgressions results from recent analyses performed on thousands of cores. As examples, tr6 and tr3 may correspond to the top of regional aquifers 5 and 2 (Figure 4) and trl reflects the base of the Flandriantransgression (Figure 5). The limit Holocene-Pleistocene is marked by a clay layer called caranto (Figure 6) which overcompacted because of the dry climate during the last phase of the low stand sea level. In spite of its discontinuity,it is an optimum marker horizon that ends the alluvial Pleistocene sequence (Gatto and Carbognin, 1981; Bortolami et. al, 1985). The caranto tends to emerge on the mainland, and varying between –5 and -23 m, gradually deepens towards the littoral (see Figure 5).A hiatus covering a period between 7 and 10 kyr from the last Pleistocene to the first Holocene deposition has been found (Bortolami etal，1985; Tosi, 1994). The following marine Flandrian transgression progressively submerged the Wiirmian paleoplain and the caranto.The first presence of marine-lagoonal Holocene deposits founded in layers underlying the present southern littoral (Figure 7) have been dated 10-11 kyr BP (Bortolami et al，1985). The early Holocene sediments are represented by a discontinuous level of silt and sand often in chaotic structure mixed with shelly marine-lagoon sands.The maximum flooding position was reached at 6-7 kyr BP when the primeval lagoon established. The middle-upper part of the series is a typical alternation of marine-lagoon and flood-plain sediments. During the following high-stand sea level, alluvial sedimentation re-established at the southern and northern outermost belts corresponding to the fluvial mouths. Moreover, some areas have been affected by episodes of emersion and submersion related to changes in climate, sediment source, subsidence rate and, finally, human intervention (Tosi, 1994; Bonardi et al，1998; Carbognin and Tosi,2002).Figure 4 Maps of the top (m a.s.1) of. a) aquifer 5 and b) aquifer 2, which may correspond to tr6 and tr3, respectively, described by Kent et al. (2002). Straight lines(f)are drawn in correspondence to regional faults.Figure 5 Depth of Pleistocene-Holocene boundary (m a.s.1) drawn on the basis of cores analyses and high-resolution seismic survey (courtesy of Aliotta, Carbognin, Stefanon). This surface agrees with the trl妙Kent et al. (2002). Dashed line delimits the marine area where Holocene deposition has been eroding.Geological SubsidenceEstimates of natural subsidence rates result from both analysis on the VE 1-core, and from radiocarbon dating of latest Pleistocene and Holocene sediments collected in the lagoon and littorals (Bortolamiet al，1985).According to Kent et al. (2002) the average long-term subsidence rate (less than 0.5 mm/yr) reflects mainly tectonic processes; it is rather lower than that occurring in the late Pleistocene-Holocene period (average rate of 1.3 mm/yr) which likely reflects the consolidation of sediments, and it is decidedly lower than the recent man-induced one (2.5 mm/yr). The average rate of 1.3 mm/yr dropped over recent centuries, reaching the current figure of 0-0.5 mm/yr (Gatto and Carbognin, 1981; Carbognin et al，1995, 2003). Evidence of past tectonic influence could be the anomalous shape of the tr3 and tr6 contour dips close to the faults (see Figure 4).Land subsidence due to natural consolidation played a major role during initial evolutionary phases of the modern lagoon. Later,the increased salt concentration in the clayey sediments of the substratum, inducing an electrochemical compaction process, caused a further lowering of the lagoon floor (Gatto and Carbognin, 1981). Anthropogenic subsidenceSubsidence induced by groundwater withdrawals became a problem with the industrial boom after the 2nd World War. This process has been deeply studied, the cause-and-effect relationship quantified,and a 2-D and a 3-D simulation models were developed.The exploited aquifer-aquitard system is located in the upper 350 m of the 1000 m thick unconsolidated Quaternary formation.Groundwater withdrawal, which progressively led to a noticeable drawdown of aquifer pressure, began in the 1930s reaching a peak between 1950-1970 together with the subsidence it caused (the maximum rate of 17 mm/yr was recorded between 1968-69 over the industrial zone). After this critical 20-year phase, a general improvement occurred quickly because of the closure of artesian wells and the diversification of water supply. The 1973 levelling clearly showed a reversed trend of subsidence and a slight but significant rebound was measured in 1975, with a maximum of 2 cm in the historical city, as predicted by simulation models (i.e. Gambolati et al，1974). The 1993 and 2000Figure 6 Holocene-Pleistocene stratigraphical sequence across the central Lagoon of Venice (after Gatto and Previatello, 1974).regional surveys confirmed the arrest of anthropogenic subsidence as a widespread phenomenon. Subsidence maps for the lagoon territory and the hinterland (Figure 8) show an ideal line of demarcation between the ground stability zones in the mainland, Venice and its surroundings, and the subsiding zones at the northern and southern extremities of the lagoon edge and along the littoral. This fact may be related to the greater thickness of the sandy layers present along the Mestre-Lido axis with respect to those found in north and south lagoon areas where compressible clayey layers predominate. On the other hand, this line of demarcation could be correlated with maximum Flandrian transgression of about 6 kyr BP (see Figure 7). Concerning the subsidence recorded along the coastline (1-3 mm/yr), and at the furthermost northernand southern boundaries (2-4mm/yr), it can be attributed to the greater natural consolidation of more recent formation in these areas, and to different local situations. Finally, both the uplift and the highest subsidence rate found in the central-southern lagoon edges may partly reflect tectonic activity. Integrated researches, still in progress, based on hydrogeological, geomorphological, geophysical and geoelectrical investigations, indicate the presence of the two faults (Figures 4 and 8). Satellite Radar Interferometry (InSAR) maps confirm this regional subsidence behaviour (Figure 8) and supply useful details of urban areas (Tosi et al，2002).Figure 7 Schematic model of the V enetian littoral evolution during the Flandrian transgression. Arrows indicate the shoreline advancement during the high-stand sea level because of the progradation of the river mouths (modified after Tosi, 1994). The overall relative land subsidenceThe relative land subsidence of the city is associated with sea level rise. During the last century the elevation loss of 23 cm, consisting of about 12 cm of land subsidence, both natural (3 cm) and anthropogenic (9 cm), and 11 cm of sea level rise, has occurred. Referring to the latter issue, the most reliable estimate of the sea level rise in the Upper Adriatic over the last 100 years is given by Carbognin and Taroni (1996): excluding subsidence, a rising rate of 1.13 mm/yr was computed. The extent of the period is sufficient to average alternating trends, corresponding to alternating climate changes. This rate is consistent with the data provided by others tide gauges inthe Mediterranean Sea. Worth mentioning is that in the last decades the rise of sea level is slowing down slightly both in the Mediterranean Sea and in the Indian Ocean (Tsimplis and Baker, 2000; Momer et al，2003).The relative 23 cm rise in the sea level in the Lagoon has created a great concern since it has contributed to the increasing of:i) the flooding phenomenon, both in frequency and degree, with immediate and indirect damages to population and monumental patrimony; ii) the hydrodynamics inside the lagoon, leading to erosion of its floor, channel silting up, and changes in the internal eco-morphology; and iii) the fragility of littorals, enhancing the risk of destructive sea storms and flooding from overtopping.Figure 8 Maps of annual vertical displacement (mm/yr) occurred in the periods 1973-1993 and 1993-2000 (after Carbognin et al., 2003).For the latter period, inserted smaller InSar deformation maps (after Strozzi et al., 2003) show in detail the two different situations of land stability at Mestre and subsidence at the northern littoral (Jesolo). Red lines correspond to regional faults.ConclusionsThe Lagoon of Venice is the largest one of the Mediterranean Sea and is located on a foreland between the Alps and the Apennines.The lagoon originated 6-7 kyr BP, establishing its domain over the Wiirmian paleoplain, which has influenced its original morphology. Subsequent evolution of the basin has occurred through different phases. Initially, during the high-stand sea level, a significant role was played by the alluvial yield, which was not counterbalanced by both sea level rise and subsidence causing the filling in of the basin and progradation of the river mouths. In historical times, human intervention, going from the diversion of tributaries to more recent rash groundwater exploitation, has reversed the natural evolutionary trend, favouring the deepening of the lagoon and seriously modified the morphological setting of the environment.Summarizing the results, it can be said that natural subsidence ranged between0.5 and 1.3 mm/yr during the Quaternary, and that man-induced processes more than doubled the rate in the period 1950-1970. The land survey of 2000 shows that subsidence is no longer occurring in the central part of Venetian area, which includes the city, the Mestre-industrial zone and surrounding territories, but it is still going on at the northern and southern lagoon areas and bordering lands. Anyway, since subsidence is mostly irreversible and a contribution to the land lowering with respect to mean sea level is given by eustasy, 23 cm of relative elevation loss has occurred during the last century, inducing consequences that require restoration and safeguarding measures.。
tpo36三篇托福阅读TOEFL原文译文题目答案译文背景知识阅读-1 (2)原文 (2)译文 (3)题目 (5)答案 (10)背景知识 (11)阅读-2 (12)原文 (12)译文 (14)题目 (15)答案 (20)背景知识 (20)阅读-3 (24)原文 (24)译文 (25)题目 (27)答案 (32)背景知识 (33)阅读-1原文Soil Formation①Living organisms play an essential role in soil formation. The numerous plants and animals living in the soil release minerals from the parent material from which soil is formed, supply organic matter, aid in the translocation (movement) and aeration of the soil, and help protect the soil from erosion. The types of organisms growing or living in the soil greatly influence the soil's physical and chemical characteristics. In fact, for mature soils in many parts of the world, the predominant type of natural vegetation is considered the most important direct influence on soil characteristics. For this reason, a soil scientist can tell a great deal about the attributes of the soil in any given area simply from knowing what kind of flora the soil supports. Thus prairies and tundra regions, which have characteristic vegetations, also have characteristic soils.②The quantity and total weight of soil flora generally exceed that of soil fauna. By far the most numerous and smallest of the plants living in soil are bacteria. Under favorable conditions, a million or more of these tiny, single-celled plants can inhabit each cubic centimeter of soil. It is the bacteria, more than any other organisms, that enable rock or other parent material to undergo the gradual transformation to soil. Some bacteria produce organic acids that directly attack parent material, breaking it down and releasing plant nutrients. Others decompose organic litter (debris) to form humus (nutrient-rich organic matter). A third group of bacteria inhabits the root systems of plants called legumes. These include many important agricultural crops, such as alfalfa, clover, soybeans, peas, and peanuts. The bacteria that legumes host within their root nodules (small swellings on the root) change nitrogen gas from the atmosphere into nitrogen compounds that plants are able to metabolize, a process, known as nitrogen fixation, that makes the soil more fertile. Other microscopic plants also are important in soil development. For example, in highly acidic soils where few bacteria can survive, fungi frequently become the chief decomposers of organic matter.③More complex forms of vegetation play several vital roles with respect to the soil. Trees, grass, and other large plants supply the bulk of the soil's humus. The minerals released as these plants decompose on the surface constitute an important nutrient source for succeeding generations of plants as well as for other soil organisms. In addition, trees can extend their roots deep within the soil and bring up nutrients from far below the surface. These nutrients eventually enrich the surface soil when the tree drops its leaves or when it dies and decomposes. Finally, trees perform the vital function of slowing water runoff and holding the soil in place with their root systems, thus combating erosion. The increased erosion that often accompanies agricultural use of sloping land is principally caused by the removal of its protective cover of natural vegetation.④Animals also influence soil composition. The faunal counterparts of bacteria are protozoa. These single-celled organisms are the most numerous representatives of the animal kingdom, and, like bacteria, a million or more can sometimes inhabit each cubic centimeter of soil. Protozoa feed on organic matter and hasten its decomposition. Among other soil-dwelling animals, the earthworm is probably the most important. Under exceptionally favorable conditions, up to a million earthworms (with a total body weight exceeding 450 kilograms) may inhabit an acre of soil. Earthworms ingest large quantities of soil, chemically alter it, and excrete it as organic matter called casts. The casts form a high-quality natural fertilizer. In addition, earthworms mix of soil both vertically and horizontally, improving aeration and drainage.⑤Insects such as ants and termites also can be exceedingly numerous under favorable climatic and soil conditions. In addition, mammals such as moles, field mice, gophers, and prairie dogs sometimes are present in sufficient numbers to have significant impact on the soil. These animals primarily work the soil mechanically. As a result, the soil is aerated broken up, fertilized, and brought to the surface, hastening soil development.译文土壤形成①活生物体在土壤形成中起着重要作用。
2024-2025学年人教版英语小升初模拟试题及解答参考一、听力部分（本大题有12小题，每小题2分，共24分）1、What does the man want to buy?A. A bookB. A penC. A cupAnswer: B. A penExplanation: In the dialogue, the man asks the shopkeeper, “Do you have any blue pens in stock?” This indicates that he is interested in purchasinga pen, making option B the correct choice.2、Where are they going to meet?A. At the libraryB. At the parkC. At the cinemaAnswer: A. At the libraryExplanation: The conversation between the two speakers reveals that one person suggests meeting at the library because it’s quiet and they can study there. Therefore, the location they agree to meet is the library, whichcorresponds to option A.3、听音选图。
（听句子，选出与句子内容相符的图片。
每个句子读两遍。
）A、B、C、D、答案：D解析：句子意思是“那是一个穿着红色衣服的女孩。
”与选项D相符。
4、听音选择。
（听句子，选择适当的单词填空。
每个句子读两遍。
）A. runB. redC. rulerD. read这个单词的意思是“读”。
第52卷第2期电力系统保护与控制Vol.52 No.2 2024年1月16日Power System Protection and Control Jan. 16, 2024 DOI: 10.19783/ki.pspc.230598一种适用于深远海全直流风电汇集网络的保护方法丁华星1，邹贵彬1，王凤莲1，丁 宁2(1.山东大学，山东 济南 250061；2.国网山东超高压公司，山东 济南 250000)摘要：随着海上风电向深远海发展，全直流型风电场由于不存在过电压问题等优点逐渐受到重视。
针对全直流海上风电场的汇集线路继电保护问题，首先分析了直流汇集网络在不同故障类型及不同故障位置下的故障特征，计算对应故障情况下的故障电流，并与仿真值进行对比验证。
根据故障特征提出一种利用汇集侧暂态电流变化率的单端量故障选线方案，利用区内外故障的故障暂态电流变化率极性和幅值差异，可在换流器过流闭锁前快速识别故障类型、故障线路及极性。
通过在母线处设置附加选线流程，使线路末端高阻接地故障时也能准确选线。
在PSCAD/EMTDC平台中搭建了全直流海上风电场模型，进行多种故障场景下的仿真分析，验证了所提故障选线方法的有效性。
关键词：直流海上风电场；直流汇集网络；故障分析；暂态电流变化率；故障选线A fault protection method of a DC collection network for an all-DC offshore wind farmDING Huaxing1, ZOU Guibin1, WANG Fenglian1, DING Ning2(1.Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; 2.State Grid Shandong Electric Extrahigh V oltage Company, Jinan 250000, China)Abstract: With the development of offshore wind farms to the deep sea, the all-DC wind farm is gradually coming into serious consideration because of its advantages such as no overvoltage problem. For relay protection for collection lines in an all-DC offshore wind farm, this paper first analyzes the fault characteristics with different fault types and location in the DC collection network. The corresponding fault currents are calculated and compared with the simulation values. A single-ended fault line selection method is proposed using the rate of change of transient current (ROCOTC) at the collection bus side, where the difference of the polarity and amplitude of the ROCOTC are used to identify fault type, line and polarity before overcurrent blocking of the converters. By setting an additional line selection process at the bus, even the fault line with a fault point at the end of the line and high grounding resistance can be accurately identified. A DC offshore wind farm simulation is built in PSCAD/EMTDC. A variety of simulation analyses of different fault scenarios is delivered, demonstrating the validity of the proposed fault line selection method.This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52077124).Key words: DC offshore wind farm; DC collection network; fault analysis; rate of change of transient current; fault line selection0 引言近年来，能源问题日益凸显，风能、光伏等新能源发展迅速，海上风电作为风能发展的重要方向，受到更多关注。
The Urgent Need to Protect Our Natural EnvironmentThe natural environment is the foundation of life on Earth,providing us with essential resources such as clean air,water,food,and shelter. However,human activities have increasingly threatened the health and stability of our planet's ecosystems.From deforestation and pollution to climate change and biodiversity loss,the challenges we face are immense.In this essay,I will discuss the importance of protecting the natural environment,the major threats it faces,and the actions we can take to safeguard our planet for future generations.The Importance of Protecting the Natural EnvironmentThe natural environment is vital for the survival and well-being of all living organisms,including humans.It regulates the climate,purifies air and water,and supports a diverse range of plant and animal species. Healthy ecosystems provide numerous ecosystem services,such as pollination,soil fertility,and flood control,which are essential for agriculture and human livelihoods.Moreover,the natural environment has intrinsic value and offers aesthetic,cultural,and recreational benefits.Natural landscapes,from forests and mountains to rivers and oceans,inspire awe and wonder, providing a sense of peace and connection to the Earth.Protecting the natural environment ensures that future generations can continue to enjoy and benefit from its beauty and resources.Major Threats to the Natural EnvironmentDeforestation:The clearing of forests for agriculture,logging,and urban development is one of the most significant threats to the natural environment.Deforestation leads to habitat loss,reduced biodiversity, and the release of carbon dioxide,contributing to climate change.Pollution:Air,water,and soil pollution have severe impacts on ecosystems and human health.Industrial activities,agricultural runoff, and plastic waste are major sources of pollution.Contaminants can harm wildlife,disrupt food chains,and degrade natural habitats.Climate Change:The burning of fossil fuels and deforestation have led to increased levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere,causing global temperatures to rise.Climate change results in more frequent and severe weather events,melting ice caps,rising sea levels,and shifts in ecosystems and species distributions.Biodiversity Loss:Habitat destruction,pollution,climate change,and overexploitation of natural resources have led to a decline in biodiversity. The loss of species and genetic diversity weakens ecosystems and reduces their resilience to environmental changes.Overexploitation:Overfishing,hunting,and unsustainable harvesting of natural resources deplete populations of plants and animals,leading to imbalances in ecosystems and the potential collapse of certain species.Actions to Protect the Natural EnvironmentConservation and Restoration:Establishing protected areas,such as national parks and wildlife reserves,helps safeguard critical habitats and biodiversity.Restoration projects,such as reforestation and wetland rehabilitation,can restore degraded ecosystems and enhance their resilience.Sustainable Practices:Adopting sustainable agricultural,forestry,and fishing practices reduces the impact on the environment.This includes using eco-friendly farming methods,reducing pesticide and fertilizer use, and implementing sustainable harvesting techniques.Reducing Pollution:Implementing stricter regulations on industrial emissions,promoting clean energy sources,and reducing plastic waste are essential steps in combating pollution.Encouraging recycling andwaste reduction practices can also help minimize environmental contamination.Addressing Climate Change:Reducing greenhouse gas emissions through the transition to renewable energy sources,improving energy efficiency, and promoting sustainable transportation options are crucial in mitigating climate change.Supporting policies and initiatives that aim to limit global temperature rise is essential for protecting the environment.Education and Awareness:Raising public awareness about environmental issues and promoting environmental education can inspire individuals and communities to take action.Encouraging responsible consumption,conservation efforts,and participation in citizen science programs can make a significant difference.Supporting Conservation Organizations:Many non-governmental organizations(NGOs)and community groups are dedicated to environmental protection.Supporting these organizations through donations,volunteering,or advocacy can amplify conservation efforts and drive positive change.ConclusionProtecting the natural environment is a shared responsibility that requires immediate and sustained action.The health and well-being of all living organisms,including humans,depend on the stability and resilience of our planet's ecosystems.By addressing the major threats to the environment and adopting sustainable practices,we can ensure a healthy and thriving planet for future generations.The natural environment is a precious and irreplaceable gift,and it is our duty to cherish and protect it.Through collective efforts and a commitment to conservation,we can create a sustainable and harmonious relationship with the Earth.。
西华师范大学学士学位英语考试真题West China Normal University Bachelor Degree English ExamSection I: Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: There are 4 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:Our product engineers are constantly striving to improve the performance and reliability of our products, so that our customers can have the best possible experience. By researching the latest technologies and trends in the industry, we are able to develop innovative solutions to meet the changing needs of our customers. One of our recent breakthroughs is the development of a new energy-saving technology that reduces energy consumption by 30%. This not only benefits our customers by saving them money on their utility bills, but also helps to protect the environment by reducing carbon emissions.Questions:1. What is the main goal of the product engineers at our company?A. To increase revenueB. To improve customer satisfactionC. To win industry awardsD. To reduce energy consumption2. How do the product engineers stay informed about the latest technologies and trends in the industry?A. By reading industry publicationsB. By attending trade shows and conferencesC. By conducting market researchD. All of the above3. What is one of the recent breakthroughs mentioned in the passage?A. A new marketing campaignB. A new energy-saving technologyC. A new office buildingD. A new CEO4. How does the new energy-saving technology benefit our customers?A. By reducing carbon emissionsB. By improving product performanceC. By saving them money on utility billsD. All of the above5. Why is it important to develop innovative solutions to meet the changing needs of our customers?A. To win industry awardsB. To increase revenueC. To protect the environmentD. To reduce energy consumptionPassage 2Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:The history of cinema is a fascinating subject, full of drama, romance, and suspense. From the early days of silent films to the latest blockbusters, movies have played an importantrole in shaping our culture and society. Some of the greatest filmmakers of all time have left their mark on the industry, creating timeless classics that continue to inspire and entertain audiences around the world. Whether you prefer comedies, dramas, action films, or documentaries, there is something for everyone to enjoy at the cinema.Questions:6. What is the main subject of the passage?A. The history of cinemaB. The latest blockbustersC. The greatest filmmakers of all timeD. The role of movies in shaping culture and society7. What role have movies played in shaping culture and society?A. A minor roleB. A negative roleC. A positive roleD. No role at all8. What do some of the greatest filmmakers of all time have in common?A. They all prefer comediesB. They all create action filmsC. They have all left their mark on the industryD. They only make documentaries9. What type of film appeals to everyone?A. ComediesB. DramasC. Action filmsD. Documentaries10. The passage suggests that movies have the power to:A. Inspire and entertain audiencesB. Influence people in a negative wayC. Create drama and suspenseD. None of the abovePassage 3Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:Social media has become an integral part of our daily lives, allowing us to connect with friends and family, share our thoughts and experiences, and stay informed about current events. However, it is important to be mindful of the potential dangers of social media, such as cyberbullying, privacy concerns, and misinformation. By being aware of these risks and taking steps to protect ourselves and our loved ones, we can continue to enjoy the benefits of social media while staying safe and secure.Questions:11. What is the main subject of the passage?A. The benefits of social mediaB. The dangers of social mediaC. How to connect with friends and familyD. The role of current events in social media12. What are some potential dangers of social media?A. Cyberbullying and privacy concernsB. Sharing thoughts and experiencesC. Connecting with friends and familyD. Misinformation and current events13. How can we protect ourselves and our loved ones from the dangers of social media?A. By ignoring the risksB. By being aware of the risks and taking steps to protect ourselvesC. By avoiding social media altogetherD. By sharing personal information online14. What is one of the benefits of social media mentioned in the passage?A. CyberbullyingB. Privacy concernsC. Connecting with friends and familyD. Misinformation15. According to the passage, how can we continue to enjoy the benefits of social media while staying safe and secure?A. By ignoring the risksB. By being aware of the risks and taking steps to protect ourselvesC. By sharing personal information onlineD. By avoiding social media altogetherPassage 4Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:Climate change is one of the most pressing issues facing our planet today. The burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrialization have all contributed to the increase in greenhouse gas emissions, leading to rising global temperatures and more extreme weather patterns. It is crucial that we take action now to reduce our carbon footprint and protect the environment for future generations. By investing in renewable energy sources, reducing waste, and promoting sustainable practices, we can make a positive impact on the planet and create a more sustainable future for all.Questions:16. What is one of the most pressing issues facing our planet today?A. DeforestationB. IndustrializationC. Climate changeD. Rising global temperatures17. What has contributed to the increase in greenhouse gas emissions?A. The burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrializationB. Investing in renewable energy sourcesC. Reducing wasteD. Promoting sustainable practices18. Why is it crucial that we take action now to reduce our carbon footprint?A. To create more extreme weather patternsB. To protect the environment for future generationsC. To increase greenhouse gas emissionsD. To invest in renewable energy sources19. What can we do to make a positive impact on the planet and create a more sustainable future?A. Invest in renewable energy sourcesB. Reducing wasteC. Promoting sustainable practicesD. All of the above20. According to the passage, why is it important to reduce our carbon footprint?A. To create more extreme weather patternsB. To protect the environment for future generationsC. To increase greenhouse gas emissionsD. To invest in renewable energy sourcesSection II: Usage (20 points)Directions: There are 10 incomplete sentences in this section. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.21. I have __________ my friend's birthday party tomorrow.A. forgottenB. forgetD. forgetting22. She __________ all day yesterday, so she's very tired today.A. was studyingB. studiedC. studyD. has studied23. If I __________ you were coming, I would have baked a cake.A. knewB. had knownC. knowD. knowing24. He asked me __________ I had seen his keys.A. whenB. thatC. if25. The book was so __________ that I couldn't put it down.A. interestingB. interestedC. interestD. interestedly26. If you __________ too fast, you'll get a speeding ticket.A. driveB. droveC. will driveD. driving27. My grandmother __________ when she heard the news.A. is cryingB. was cryingC. criedD. will cry28. We will go hiking this weekend, __________ the weather is good.A. ifB. whenC. providedD. unless29. I __________ a new phone, so I can't call you.A. didn't haveB. haven'tC. hasD. have30. He __________ his car since he got it fixed last week.A. has drivenB. droveC. drivingD. drivesSection III: Writing (40 points)Directions:Write an essay of 400 words on the following topic:"The importance of education in the 21st century"In your essay, discuss the role of education in preparing individuals for the challenges and opportunities of the modern world. What skills and knowledge are essential for success in the 21st century? How can education help to address issues such as poverty, inequality, and climate change? Provide examples and evidence to support your argument.Answer SheetName: ______________________________________ Date:___________________________Section I: Reading Comprehension (40 points)Passage 11. ______2. ______3. ______4. ______5. ______Passage 26. ______7. ______8. ______9. ______ 10. ______Passage 311. ______ 12. ______ 13. ______ 14. ______ 15. ______Passage 416. ______ 17. ______ 18. ______ 19. ______ 20. ______ Section II: Usage (20 points)21. ______ 22. ______ 23. ______ 24. ______ 25. ______ 26. ______ 27. ______ 28. ______ 29. ______ 30. ______ Section III: Writing (40 points)__________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ Total Score: ______Good luck!。
2023.1根据客户需求进行系列的提案，开发的咨询商讨对应：各营业处根据客户具体设计构造进行专用产品的方案提供对应：工厂技术部在接到样品需求后进行快速响应。
并根据客户需要节奏提供参考报价对应：工厂技术部、各营业处除了技术响应以往，还会进行包括安全，物料等级登记等全面的技术支持对应：工厂技术部、质量保证部、各营业处根据客户需求对交货期进行灵活柔性管理，向客户提供高品质的产品对应：工厂生产部、各营业处Note: Please confirm product development details with your dealer.汽车应用总部邮编 604-0845 京都市中京区鸟丸通御池上电话 075-231-8461 传真 075-256-4158东京支店邮编 103-0026 东京都中央区日本桥托町14番9号 电话 03-3666-7811 传真 03-3666-7831名古屋支店邮编 460-0003 名古屋市中区锦2丁目4番3号 锦公园大楼18层电话 052-223-5581 传真 052-220-1839西日本支店邮编 604-0845 京都市中京区鸟丸通御池上电话 075-241-5370 传真 075-231-8467NICHICON (AMERICA ) CORP.927 East State Parkway, Schaumburg, Illinois 60173, U.S.A.TEL.1-847-843-7500 FAX.1-847-843-2798NICHICON (AUSTRIA ) GmbHBusinesspark Marximum, Modecenterstrasse 17, Unit 2-7-A, 1110 Vienna, AustriaTEL.43-1-706-7932 FAX.43-1-706-7933NICHICON (HONG KONG ) LTD.Unit 308, Harbour Centre Tower 1, 1 Hok Cheung Street,Hunghom, Kowloon, Hong KongTEL.852-2363-4331 FAX.852-2764-1867• THE REPRESENTATIVE OFFICEOF NICHICON (HONG KONG) LIMITED IN HANOI CITY Room 622, Floor 6, 59A Ly Thai To, Trang Tien Ward, Hoan Kiem District, Ha Noi, VietnamTEL.84-24-3936-7955 FAX.84-24-3936-8069NICHICON (SINGAPORE ) PTE. LTD.60 Paya Lebar Road, #11-17/18, Paya Lebar Square, Singapore 409051TEL.65-6481-5641 FAX.65-6481-6485NICHICON (TAIWAN ) CO., LTD.23F, No.68, Sec.5, Zhongxiao East. Road, Xinyi District, Taipei City 110, Taiwan, R.O.C.TEL.886-2-2722-2100 FAX.886-2-2722-2016NICHICON (THAILAND ) CO., LTD.1 Empire Tower, 15th Floor, Unit 1506, River Wing West,South Sathorn Road, Yannawa, Sathorn, Bangkok 10120 Thailand TEL.66-2-670-0150 FAX.66-2-670-0153NICHICON ELECTRONICS TRADING (SHANGHAI ) CO., LTD.Room 1206, Aetna Tower, 107 Zunyi Road, Shanghai, China 200051TEL.86-21-6237-5538 FAX.86-21-6237-5537• DALIAN BRANCH12F Senmao Building, 147 Zhongshan Road, Xigang District, Dalian, China 116011TEL.86-411-3989-3322 FAX.86-411-3989-3168NICHICON ELECTRONICS TRADING (SHENZHEN ) CO., LTD.Room A, 16/F, KK100No. 5016, Shen Nan Road East, Luo Hu District, Shenzhen, China 518001TEL.86-755-2294-1800 FAX.86-755-8294-5716• CHONGQING BRANCHRoom 2812, 28/F, International Trade Center (Part A), No.38, Qing Nian Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China 400010 TEL.86-23-6310-8166 FAX.86-23-6310-8308• CHENGDU BRANCHRoom 1408, 14/F, Hailrun Complex (Part A), No.216, Xi Dong Da Street, Jinjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China 610021 TEL.86-28-6212-9507 FAX.86-28-6212-9513NICHICON ELECTRONICS (INDIA ) PVT. LTD.Unit No.906, 9th Floor, Prestige Meridian-1, No.29 M.G. Road, Bengaluru 560001, Karnataka, IndiaTEL.91-80-4094-8661 FAX.91-80-4094-8651• DELHI OFFICEUnit No.407, 4th Floor, DLF Tower A, Jasola District Centre, New Delhi 110025, IndiaTEL.91-11-4254-8407 FAX.91-11-4254-8408• PUNE OFFICELevel 4, Prabhavee Tech Park, Baner, Pune 411045, India TEL.91-20-6723-5806 FAX.91-20-6723-6161NICHICON CORPORATION KOREA REPRESENTATIVE OFFICEB-1348, Heungdeok IT Valley, 13, Heungdeok1-ro, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16954, KoreaTEL.82-31-8065-6366 FAX.82-31-8065-6367NICHICON (MALAYSIA ) SDN. BHD.No.4 Jalan P/10, Kawasan Perusahaan Bangi,43650 Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia TEL.60-3-8925-0678 FAX.60-3-8925-0858NICHICON ELECTRONICS (WUXI ) CO., LTD.WUXI NICHICON ELECTRONICS R&D CENTER CO., LTD.Block 51-B, Wuxi National High & New Technology Industrial Development Zone, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China 214028TEL.86-510-8521-8222 FAX.86-510-8522-1170NICHICON ELECTRONICS (SUQIAN ) CO., LTD.No.18, Yangmingshan Avenue, Suzhou Suqian Industrial Park, Suqian, China 223800TEL.86-527-8097-8855 FAX.86-527-8286-8966尼吉康株式会社有关“C.A.S.E.”的市场需求 “C.A.S.E.“由梅赛德斯-奔驰于2016年提出，它展现了汽车行业未来的变革方向。
2024年高考英语全球问题解决方案单选题30题1.One of the most effective ways to reduce carbon emissions is to _______.A.increase the use of fossil fuelsB.promote public transportationC.ignore environmental issuesD.delay taking action答案：B。
本题考查词汇理解和环保举措的常识。
A 选项“increase the use of fossil fuels（增加化石燃料的使用）”会增加碳排放，错误；C 选项“ignore environmental issues（（忽视环境问题）”明显错误；D 选项“delay taking action（（延迟采取行动）”不利于解决环境问题，错误。
B 选项“promote public transportation（（推广公共交通）”可以减少私人车辆的使用，从而降低碳排放，正确。
2.Many countries are investing in renewable energy sources like _______.A.coal and oilB.nuclear powerC.solar and wind powerD.gasoline答案：C。
A 选项“coal and oil（（煤炭和石油）”是不可再生能源且会造成污染，错误；B 选项“nuclear power（（核能）”存在一定的安全风险且并非完全可再生，错误；D 选项“gasoline（（汽油）”不是能源来源，错误。
C 选项“solar and wind power（太阳能和风能）”是可再生能源，正确。
3.To protect the environment, we should _______.A.litter everywhereB.waste water freelyC.recycle waste materialsD.cut down more trees答案：C。
摄影师：拍摄器材：拍摄参数： 摄影师：拍摄器材：拍摄参数：图片故事：摄影师：Marcelo拍摄器材：Nikon D2x + Tokina AT-X 107 AF10-17mm f3.5-4.5 lens + Aquatica D2 housing; Inon Z-240 strobe拍摄参数：F5.3 1/250秒 ISO 400图片故事：这是巴西摄影师Marcelo拍摄的河底凯门鳄鱼和食人鲳（也叫做水虎鱼，就是画面中类似于鲫鱼的小鱼）。
因为在巴西很多河流能见度很差，更不要说是拍摄了，所以拍摄者挑选在旱季时候潜入河里，投下一些诱饵，本来准备拍摄食人鲳这种南美特有鱼类，没有想到竟然引来了专门吃食人鲳的凯门鳄鱼。
这条鳄鱼张开嘴警告他离开，之后就开始咬照相机器材，摄影者赶紧离开。
可见拍摄野生动物的确是一项危险的工作。
这张照片成功之处在于摄影师把难以拍摄的物种和环境都拍摄出来，而且很有画面感，尤其是鳄鱼的利齿，很难相信如此靠近还能安然无事。
如果把野生动物摄影界分出个三六九等，那英国BBC野生动物摄影大赛（Veolia Environnement Wildlife Photographer of the Year），就像是争夺摄影界的“奥斯卡小金人”的角逐，参赛人数，参赛水平，都属于顶尖水平，所以每年都有若干作品令人眼前一亮、惊艳不已。
BBC野生动物摄影大赛的众多参赛类别，包括全场摄影师大奖、年轻摄影师大奖、Eric Hosking年轻摄影师组照、濒危动物、动物纪实摄影师、鸟类行为、哺乳动物行为、其它动物行为、水下世界、动物肖像、植物王国、城郊野生动物、自然风光、动物在其环境中、黑白动物世界、创意动物影像以及三个年龄段的年轻摄影师组别等。
我国著名野生动物摄影师奚志农老师就曾经凭借精彩的金丝猴照片获得过BBC 濒危动物组冠军，也是在BBC大赛上获奖的第一个中国人。
真心期待在这个殿堂上能有更多的优秀作品让我们一起分享。
