高三英语一轮复习知识要点梳理

Unit 19 Language[单词拼写应用]Ⅰ.考纲单词——会拼写、要识记1．nationwide adv. 全国性地2．thankful adj.为……感到高兴的；感谢的3．absence n. 缺乏；缺席4．enlarge vt.扩大5．adjust vt.调节；调整6．inform vt.告知，通知7．relative n. 亲戚，亲属8．fasten vt.束紧9．sincerely adv. 真诚地10．punctuation n. 标点符号11．constitution n. 宪法12．liberty n. 自由13．acquisition n. (语言)习得14．curriculum n. (学校的)课程15．adequate adj.足够的，充分的16．accelerate vi.& vt.加速17．explicit adj.明确的；清楚的18．resemble vt.与……相似；像19．transparent adj.透明的；清晰易辨的20．amateur adj.业余的Ⅱ.派生单词——能辨别1．fluency n. 流畅度，流利度→fluent adj.流畅的2．accuracy n. 精确度，准确度→accurate adj.正确无误的3．surround vt.环绕，围绕→surrounding adj.周围的→surroundings n. 环境4．announcement n. 通告；宣告→announce vt.通告；宣告5．congratulate vt.祝贺→congratulation n. 祝贺6．unconscious adj.无意的；不知不觉的→conscious adj.有意识的；有知觉的7．applicant n. 申请人→apply vt.申请→application n. 申请，请求8．punctual adj.准时的，守时的→punctually adv. 如期地，准时地9．negotiate vt.谈判；协商→negotiation n. 谈判；协商10．embarrass vt.使窘迫→embarrassed adj.令人难堪的，令人窘迫的→embarrassing adj.窘迫的→embarrassment n. 窘迫，难堪Ⅲ.语境应用(用所给词的适当形式填空)1．My spoken English is not half as fluent(fluence) as yours.2．Accuracy(accurate) is more important than speed in his new job.3．The surrounding(surround) villages have been absorbed by/into the growing city. 4．They found him lying unconscious(conscious) on the floor when they broke in. 5．Allow me to offer my warm congratulations(congratulate) on the success of your troupe(表演团)．6．We are satisfied with the smoothness of the negotiation(negotiate)．7．He made the announcement(announce) in a speech on television.8．Many people have applied for the job.The applicants must hand in their applications by Friday.(apply)9．He was absent from the meeting.His absence made the problem more difficult.(absence)10．The question really embarrassed him.In other words，the embarrassingquestion made him embarrassed．(embarrass)[拓展联想]Ⅰ.短语回顾——会默写1．keep in mind 记住2．stand out 出色；突出3．get ahead 取得成功；获得进步4．rely on 依靠；依赖5．take the form of 以……的形式出现(存在)6．adjust...to... 调整……以适应……7．inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事8．consist of 由……组成，构成9．catch on 学会；受欢迎10．for ages 很久，很长时间11．congratulate sb. on sth. 就某事向某人祝贺12．on purpose 故意地13．regardless of 不管；不顾14．on the other hand 另一方面15．I bet 我肯定16．more than 不仅仅；超过Ⅱ.语境应用(用上述短语的适当形式填空)1．On the one hand，I want to sell the house，but on the other hand I can't bear the thought of moving.2．The new fashion has caught on with young people after coming onto the market. 3．I asked him why he left out important information on purpose．4．Getting ahead at work is the most important thing to me at the moment. 5．On hearing the news，I called them immediately to congratulate them on success. 6．The medical team consisting of five doctors and seven nurses has been sent to West Africa.7．Bella was in despair and felt she had no one to rely on in the world. 8．They were all attractive，but she stood out from the others.9．Keep in mind that letting go is a state of mind and has nothing to do with your action.10．He kept us waiting for ages while he packed his luggage.11．For safety's sake，don't drive more than 30 kilometers per hour in the city. 12．She is determined to do anything regardless of all consequences.[拓展联想]provided that I pay in advance. we shall hold the meeting next week.(对应学生用书第135页)精讲6个考纲单词absence n．不存在；缺乏；缺席[教材原句] However，learning English as a foreign language is very difficult in the absence of a native language environment.然而，没有英语语言环境，学英语是很难的。

2022年高考英语语法知识梳理--数词数词的分类一、基数词一、基数词1.基数词的形式（1）数词1—10（2）数词11—20（3）数词21—30（4）整数数词10—90（5）百，千，万【提示】单词拼写：4 four，14 fourteen，40 forty。

2.基数词的表达（1）21—99在十位数和个位数之间加连字符构成。

21 twenty-one，36 thirty-six，45 forty-five，73 seventy-three，88 eighty-eight，99 ninety-nine（2）101—999先说“几百”，后接and，再加末尾两位数（或末位数）。

101 one hundred and one，530 five hundred and thirty，（3）1000以上的基数词先从右至左数，每三位数加一个逗号。

9，800 nine thousand，eight hundred60，200，000 sixty million，two hundred thousand（4）hundred，thousand，million，billion等词和具体数字连用时用单数形式。

1，600 one thousand and six hundred6，100 six thousand and one hundred（5）数词的泛指tens of 数十hundreds of 数百tens of hundreds of 数千 a few hundreds of 上百hundreds of hundreds of 成百成百的thousands of 数千tens of thousands of 数万several thousands of 上千thousands of thousands of 成千成千的millions of 数百万several thousands of birds 数千只鸟many millions of citizens 数百万市民tens of thousands of people 成千上万的人3.基数词的用法（1）基数词单数表示确指。

高三英语一轮复习知识点一、语法知识点1. 主谓一致：主语单数用单数动词，主语复数用复数动词。

2. 宾语从句：宾语从句通常由连接词 that, whether, if, who, whom, whose, which, what, when, where, why, how 引导。

3. 定语从句：定语从句用来修饰名词，通常由关系代词 that, who, whom, whose, which 或者关系副词 when, where, why, how 引导。

4. 状语从句：状语从句可表示时间、条件、原因、目的、方式和让步等。

5. 被动语态：由助动词 be + 过去分词构成。

6. 比较级和最高级：形容词的比较级以 er 结尾，最高级以 est 结尾；多音节和部分双音节形容词用 more 和 most 构成比较级和最高级。

7. 直接引语和间接引语：直接引语是直接引用他人的原话，用引号括起来；间接引语是转述他人的话，不用引号。

二、词汇知识点1. 同义词和反义词：同义词是指意义相同或相近的词，反义词是指意义相对立的词。

2. 词组搭配：学习词汇时，要注意词组的固定搭配，即两个或多个词一起使用时的特定搭配方式。

3. 词性转换：词性转换是指一个词在不同的语境中可以根据需要变化其词性，如名词变动词、形容词变副词等。

4. 前缀和后缀：前缀是指加在词根前面的词缀，后缀是指加在词根后面的词缀。

三、阅读理解知识点1. 主旨大意题：主要考察对文章的整体概括和把握能力。

2. 细节理解题：要求学生对文章进行深入细致的分析和理解。

3. 推理判断题：要求学生根据文章的暗示或者提供的信息进行推断。

4. 逻辑推理题：要求学生根据已知条件进行推理，推断出结果或者逻辑关系。

5. 修辞手法题：考察学生对文章修辞手法和修辞效果的理解和分析能力。

四、写作知识点1. 时态：使用一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去完成时等。

领兑市安插阳光实验学校名词、数词主谓一致一、名词的数名词分为可数（有单、复数形式）和不可数名词（只有单数形式）。

1、可数名词单数变复数：①一般加s ：lesson → lessons, pen → pens②以s, x, ss, ch, sh, o结尾的加es ：buses, boxes, classes, watches, brushes, hero → heroes但有些以o结尾的名词，是加s构成复数：kilo → kilos, piano → pianos, radio → radios,photo → photos, zoo → zoos③以辅音字母 + y 结尾的改y为i，再加es ：city → cities, story →stories④以f 或fe结尾的，一般将f或fe改为v，再加es ：knife → knives, leaf → leaves但有些以f 结尾的名词，是在f后加s，构成复数形式：belief → beliefs, roof → roofs, safe（保险箱）→ safes, proof（证据）→ proofs, chief →chiefs, handkerchief → handkerchiefs2、有些名词，不按上述规则构成其复数形式，有以下几种情况：①单复数形式相同：Chinese, Japanese, deer, sheep②不规则变化：man → men, woman → women, goose → geese, foot →feet, tooth → teeth, child → children, mouse → mice, ox → oxen 。

但是，German → Germans ③复合名词的复数形式a）只把复合名词中的主体各词变为复数形式。

如：sister(s)-in-law嫂子，弟妹；step-son (s)继子；editor (s) -in-chief总编辑。

名词性从句知识点梳理第一节相关概念一、定义：在复合句中相当于一个名词，做主语、宾语、表语、同位语的从句。

二、引导词：1. 连词: that, if, whether, as if2. 连接代词: who , what, which, whose, whom以及whoever, whatever, whichever等3. 连接副词: when, where, why, how，whenever, wherever, however等三、各类名词性从句的特征：主语从句表语从句宾语从句同位语从句练习：辨别下列名词性从句的类别。

1.How the book will sell depends on its author.2.John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.3.The fact is that he has not been seen recently.4.The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.5.He will talk to us about what he saw in U.S.6.It is impossible that I go and attend the meeting.第二节主语从句1．定义：在复合句中作句子主语的从句叫做主语从句。

2．连接词：引导主语从句的连接词有三类：连词that、whether;疑问代词who, what, which，whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever;疑问副词when, where, how, why，however, whenever, wherever等⑴连词that（无词意）, whether(是否), 在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用; whether能引导主语从句，而if不能。

定语从句知识点梳理1.定语从句：定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。

2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。

关系词常有3个作用：1.引导定语从句2.代替先行词3.在定语从句中担当一个成分。

3. 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。

一、关系词的用法(一)关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which（在句中作主语、宾语或定语）关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。

关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

1）who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。

（whom/that在从句中作宾语）2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.3）which, that它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.4) asAs用于先行词前有as, so, such, the same修饰的限制性定语从句.You can take as many books as you need.(二) 关系副词when, where, why（在句中作状语）1. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.(2) The time when we got together finally came.2. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.3. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when hegrew up.注意：介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T)(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)(2) The man with that you talked is my friend. (F)3. “介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.4. 介词后面的关系词不能省略。