thomas hardy the darkling thrush 赏析

哈代最有名的诗
哈代（Thomas Hardy）是英国著名的小说家和诗人，他的作品以其深刻的思想和精湛的文学技巧而闻名于世。

在他的众多诗歌作品中，有一首被誉为他最有名的诗，那就是《被复活的人》（The Re-awakening）。

《被复活的人》讲述了一个人在乡间漫步时，突然发现一个被遗忘的坟墓。

坟墓上的铭文让他产生了对逝去的人的好奇心，他开始想象逝去者的生活和悲伤。

这首诗描绘了人们对生死和逝去的思考，以及对未知事物的好奇心和恐惧。

这首诗以其深刻的主题和优美的语言而广为传颂。

哈代通过这首诗表现了对生命和死亡的思考，以及对逝去者的怀念和敬仰。

他通过这首诗表达了对逝去者的尊重和悼念之情，展现了他对生命和死亡的深刻思考和对人类命运的关怀之情。

《被复活的人》的语言优美，情感细腻，给人以深刻的冲击。

它通过对生命和死亡的思考，引导人们对生命的热爱和对逝去者的怀
念。

这首诗以其独特的艺术魅力和深刻的思想内涵，成为了哈代最有名的诗歌作品之一。

通过《被复活的人》，我们不仅可以感受到哈代对生死的思考和对逝去者的怀念，还能从中领略到他对人类命运的关怀和对人生的深刻思考。

这首诗以其独特的艺术魅力和深刻的思想内涵，成为了哈代最有名的诗歌之一，也为我们留下了一部深刻思考人生和死亡的杰作。

吴伟仁《英国文学史及选读》模拟试题及详解（二）I. Fill in the blanks1. The English Renaissance is a period during which ______ introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England.【答案】Thomas Wyatt【解析】在英国文艺复兴时期，Thomas Wyatt把彼得拉克式十四行诗引入英国。

2. T ess is seduced by a squire named Alec before she marries the clergyman’s son named ______.【答案】Angel Clare【解析】《德伯家的苔丝》中苔丝在未嫁给安吉尔·克莱尔之前被埃里克诱奸，产下一子，幼儿不久便夭折。

3. After the ________ Conquest, feudal system was established in English society. 【答案】Norman【解析】诺曼征服后英国封建主义制度建立。

4. In The Canterbury T ales, from the character of ________, we may see a very vivid sketch of a woman of the middle class, and a colorful picture of the domestic life of that class in Chaucer’s own day.【答案】the Wife of Bath【解析】《坎特伯雷故事集》中，乔叟通过对来自中产阶级的巴斯夫人的生动细腻的描写，展示了当时中产阶级多彩的生活画卷。

5. “Wherefore, Bees of England, forge/Many a weapon, chain, and scou rge, /That these stingless drones may spoil/The forced produce of your toil?”In the above quotation taken from Shelley’s poem “A Song: Men of England”, what does the word “bees” refer to?A. ruling class in human societyB. the laboring people in EnglandC. English youthD. wives of the workers in England【答案】B【解析】“英格兰的工蜂”指的是广大劳动人民。

Thomas Hardy (1840-1928), was an English novelist and poet. His father Thomas worked as a stonemason and local builder in the countryside, so he was quite familiar with rural life and focused more on a declining rural society when the Machine Age was coming. He gained fame as the author of novels, including Far from the Madding Crowd (1874), The Mayor of Casterbridge (1886), Tess of the d'Urbervilles (1891) and Jude the Obscure(1895). Hardy believed in the philosophy of pessimism, which could be proved in his short stories, like “The Three Strangers”, “The Marchioness of Stonehenge” and “The Son;s Veto”. Most of his fictional works were set in the semi-fictional region of Wessex. They explored tragic characters struggling against their passions and social circumstances.One of the famous short stories in the Selected Stories of Thomas Hardy is“The Three Strangers”. A large party was holding in a shepherd’s cottage where guests absolutely enjoyed music and mead when three strangers interrupted them one by one. All guests took little notice of the first stranger because of his normal behaviors in appearance. But they found dreadfully that the second stranger was a cruel executioner who came here to chase the escaped prisoner. The third stranger, who was suspected of crime from his panic-stricken behaviors when hearing the song about hanging, was finally proved to be the brother of the prisoner, the first stranger.The ending was quite unexpected. It seemed that the third stranger was undoubtedly the prisoner because Hardy dedicated a significant portion of the story describing how he was chased, which led to a dramatic climax. However, if you read it again carefully, you could find sufficient but veiled evidences to prove that the first stranger was more suspicious. For example, when he came into the house, “his hat hung low over his eyes which moved with a flash round the room”; when someone said what a man is could be told by his hands “his hands instinctively sought the shade”because he lied that he was a wheelwright but actually was a watch-and-clock maker.Moreover, Hardy’s excellent writing skills could also be traced in the comparisons all over the text. Firstly, the agricultural society was being taken place by the industrial society, which was like the rainstorm in the story sweeping the shepherd’s cottage devastatingly. The longly cottage was the epitome of the agricultural society. Unfortunately, people took little attention to the great changes outsides, dipping themselves into music and mead. Comparatively, Hardy showed great devotion to the rural life, he was critical much of the damages on agricultural civilization by industry, which was corresponding to his philosophy of pessimism.Secondly, the contrast between the prisoner and the executioner. I think they represented the poor and the rich respectively. In the story, the prisoner was sentenced to be hanged just because he stole a sheep to prevent his family members from st arving. Only the poor expressed sympathy to him,“the intended punishment was cruelty disproportioned to the transgression”. However, the executioner, the representation of the rich, was indifferent to the poor. He drank as much mead as the shepherd could not bear and regarded them as simple-minded souls. He was totally ignorant of legal knowledge, abusing authority for chasing the so-called prisonerwithout valid evidences.The last but not the least, the ending witnessed some differences between the story and the reality. “The prisoner was never recaptured”, noting that Hardy would always speak up for the poor though in reality, they were in a weak position. At the end, Hardy signed over the passage of time by presenting us the graves of villagers. However, the agricultural civilization would never be declining in Hardy’s heart, like“the story about three strangers at the shepherd’s that night is well known forever in the country about Higher Crowstairs.”The other well-known story is “The Marchioness of Stonehenge”. Caroline, the daughter of an earl, regretted marrying to a poor man. After his death, considering her reputation and honor, she sent her son to a countrywoman Milly, who loved deeply to the poor man. Milly therefore was regarded as a secret wife of the man and the mother of the son. Later Caroline married to a marquis but became a widow soon with no child. She tried to gain the love from her own child but failed.I think there are two plotlines in the story: the destiny of Milly and Caroline. Milly loved the man deeply , but she had no opportunity to be his wife till his death. However, she was satisfied with all these honors and dipped herself into the happiness of being his nominal wife. The happier she was, the more tragic her life seemed to be. Fortunately, Hardy tried to make things better for this kind-hearted woman. She finally gained the true love from her foster son. This was accordance with Hardy’s intension showing great devotion and sympathy to the poor.By contrast, Caroline, a wealthy but selfish and vain woman, served her reputation and honor first. However, initially, she was pure and innocent. She did love the poor man and married to him secretly. But with the coming of the industrial ages, the gap between the poor and the rich was becoming obviously. People was under a frost of class-division and social prejudices, which made her human affection become shamefaced and mean. To some extent, she had no choice but to give way to the whole society.Just like the ending of the story described, “ There was no pathos like the pathos of childhood, when a child found itself in a world where it was not wanted, and could not understand the reason why.”I can’t agree with Hardy more, but what about a child born with too much attention? There is no voice for itself to make decisions on marriage or making friends. It deserves a degree of sympathy, too.。

人文主义之歌——浅析托马斯·格雷《墓畔哀歌》作者：张静文来源：《赤峰学院学报·哲学社会科学版》 2011年第7期张静文（郑州大学西亚斯国际学院外语学院，河南郑州 451150）摘要：托马斯·格雷(Thomas Gray, 1716~1771)是英国18世纪后半期著名感伤主义诗人。

他一生只写过十几首诗，其中最受后世欣赏的是《墓畔哀歌》。

《墓畔哀歌》不仅是格雷所处古典主义时期的杰作，也是即将到来的浪漫主义诗歌的先声。

全诗结构匀称，形式整齐，表现了诗人高超的艺术技巧。

诗人吟诵着忧伤典雅的曲调，在表达其对平静和谐的大自然向往的同时，也体现了对平民的赞美和同情以及人文关怀的思想。

关键词：托马斯·格雷；感伤主义；挽歌；人文精神中图分类号：I106.4 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1673-2596（2011）07-0158-0218世纪中叶，英国发生了工业革命。

许多作家对资本主义工业化发展给大自然和农村传统生活方式带来的破坏发出悲哀的感叹，以大自然和情感为主题的感伤主义作品一度流行。

感伤主义诗人们徘徊乡野，同情贫苦，然而所作怨而不怒，所表达的是一种悲天悯人的情绪。

托马斯·格雷的《墓畔哀歌》(Elegy Written in a Country Church-yard, 1750)就是感伤主义诗歌的代表作。

一、托马斯·格雷格雷出生于英国伦敦，曾就读于伊顿公学和剑桥大学。

1757年被提名为桂冠诗人，但未接受。

格雷一生隐居在剑桥大学，有教授名号而从未讲课。

他的诗作也少而精，除《墓畔哀歌》外还有别的好诗。

《英诗金库·卷三》18世纪诗歌部分就选收了格雷的8首诗作。

然所作之中，以《墓畔哀歌》最为著名。

全诗128行，一般认为用8年写成。

格雷的心思没有白费，《墓畔哀歌》是历来英国文学中常被引用的名篇，诗里的每一行几乎都是我们久吟不厌的名句。

二、《墓畔哀歌》浅析全诗128行，32节。