罗经国《新编英国文学选读》(第4版)教材-第3章 乔叟时期(1350～1400)【圣才出品】

第4章15世纪(1400～1550)4.1 复习笔记Ⅰ. Historical background（历史背景）(1) The Hundred Years’ War（百年战争）The Hundred Years’War continued and in 1415 at the Battle of Agincourt King Henry Ⅴ (1413～1422) defeated the French army and claimed himself the heir to the French throne.百年战争还在持续，在1415年的阿金库尔战役中，亨利5世（1413～1422）战胜了法国军队，并宣布自己是法国的继承者。

(2) The War of the Roses (1455～1485)（玫瑰战争）The War of the Roses, or the Thirty Years’ War, was a series of civil wars fought between the two great families, both of which claimed the right to the English throne. It lasted for thirty years until King Henry Ⅶ defeated Richard Ⅲ(1483～1485) at the Battle of Bosworth and ended the civil war.玫瑰战争，又叫三十年战争，是发生在两个家族之间的一系列内战，他们都宣称自己有权统治英国。

它持续了30年，直到亨利7世在博斯沃思战争（1483～1485）中打败理查德3世，内战宣告结束。

(3) The discovery of America and the new sea routes（美洲大陆和新航海线路的发现）In 1492, a Genoese mariner, Christopher Columbus (ca.1436～1506) who believed that he could reach India by sailing west, landed in America with thesupport of the Spanish sovereigns Ferdinand and Isabella.1492年，热那亚水手克里斯托弗·哥伦布相信只要一直向西航行就能到达印度，在费迪南和伊莎贝拉的支持下，他登上了美洲大陆。

第5章英国文艺复兴(1550～1642)一、填空题1. The term _____ originally indicated a revival of classic Greek and Roman arts and science after the dark ages of medieval obscurantism.（北京交通大学2006研）【答案】Renaissance【解析】文艺复兴起初是指经历了漫长、蒙昧的中世纪后，对古希腊和罗马艺术及科学的复兴。

2. Shakespeare’s authentic non-dramatic poetry consists of two _____ and 154 _____.（国际关系学院2009研）【答案】long poems; sonnets【解析】莎士比亚的作品除了戏剧之外，还包括两首长诗（“Venus and Adonis”及“The Rape of Lucrece”）和154首十四行诗。

）3. “Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines” is a line taken from “Sonnet 18” by William Shakespeare. The underlined phrase refers to _____.（首都师范大学2008研）【答案】the sun【解析】“天空中的眼睛”指的是太阳。

此句意为：有时候阳光过于炽烈。

4. In William Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18, the speaker compares his beloved to thesummer season, and in the last two lines (“So long as men can breathe or eyes can see/So long lives this, and this gives life to thee”), written in a rhymed _____, he states that his beloved will live in eternity through “this”, which refers to _____.（天津外国语大学2011研）【答案】heroic couplet, poem【解析】诗句为莎士比亚十四行诗第18首的最后两句。

第二部分章节题库第1单元杰弗里·乔叟Ⅰ. Fill in the blanks.1. The Canterbury Tales contains in fact a general prologue and only _____ tales, of which two are left unfinished.【答案】24【解析】乔叟的代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》计划写120个故事，但最后只完成总序和24个故事，其中两个未完成。

2. The Canterbury T ales contains the _____ and 24 tales, two of which left unfinished. 【答案】General Prologue【解析】乔叟的代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》包括总序和24个故事，其中两个未完成。

3. Chaucer employed the _____ couplet in writing his greatest work The Canterbury Tales.【答案】heroic【解析】乔叟在《坎特伯雷故事集》中使用了英雄双韵体（heroic couplet）4. The _____ provides a framework for the tales in The Canterbury T ales, and itcomprises a group of vivid pictures of various medieval figures.【答案】Prologue【解析】《坎特伯雷故事集》的序言部分提供整本书的基本框架，生动地刻画了一群各种各样的中世纪人物画卷。

5. In The Canterbury Tales, from the character of _____, we may see a very vividsketch of a woman of the middle class, and a colorful picture of the domestic life of that class in Chaucer’s own day.【答案】the Wife of Bath【解析】《坎特伯雷故事集》中，乔叟通过对来自中产阶级的巴斯夫人的生动细腻的描写，展示了当时中产阶级多彩的生活画卷。

罗经国版《新编英国文学简史（上）》第四章●知识目标：1.了解十五世纪的英国历史背景及社会发展状况。

2.掌握十五世纪英国文学的特征。

3.了解十五世纪英国的著名作家及其生平。

4.阅读理解并正确评价十五世纪英国著名作家的代表作。

重点阅读理解十五世纪英国著名作家的作品教学难点正确评价十五世纪英国著名作家的代表作C h a p t e r4T h e15t h c e n t u r y(1400–1550)●I. Historical background1. The Hundred Years’ War (1337 – 1453)●Henry VI--a puppet●French heroine Joan of Arc●In 1453, all English territory in France was lost to the French only Calais to English king●2. The War of the Roses (1455 – 1485)●a series of civil wars fought between the two great families, both of which claimed the right to the English throne. All noble families were involved in it.The House of Lancaster-red roseThe House of York - white roseResult:Henry Tudor (VII) married Elizabeth of the House of York -brought compromise between the two familiesand established a highly consolidated rule.3. The discovery of America and the new sea routes●Christopher Columbus, 1492, landed in America●Vascoda Gama, 1497, rou nd the tip of Africa and reached India ●John Cabot and his son Sebastian, 1498, provided thebasis for the English claim to North America●4. Reformation of the church●Tudor Monarchs ruled England and Wales for 200 years●Henry VII●Henry VIII -- 6 wives: divorce 2, kill 2, struggle for divorce●Edward VI●Mary Tudor●Elizabeth I●Henry VIII took decisive measure to break away from the Church of Rome.●1534---passed the Act of Supremacy: as the supreme head on earth, thus the Anglican Church was foundedM e d i e v a l l i t e r a t u r e(c o n t i n u e d):B a l l a d1. Ballad2. Textual study:1) Robin Hood and the three squires2) Sir Patrick SpensB a l l a d:d e f i n i t i o n●An anonymous narrative poem preserved by oral transmission. Usually inquatrains with a distinctive and memorable rhyme, the ballad uses iambic tetrameter for the 1st & 3rd lines and iambic trimeter for the 2nd & 4th.●Ex:●The youngster was clothed in scarlet red,●In scarlet fine and gay;●And he did frisk it over the plain,●And chanted a roundelay.Q u a t r a i n:d e f i n i t i o n●A poem or stanza that contains 4 lines with various rhymingpatterns.●Ex:●It fell about the Martinmas time,And a gay time it was then,When our goodwife got puddings to make,And she’s boile d them in the pan.T h e b a s i c c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f b a l l a d s●The beginning is often abrupt: without any introduction of the characters and the background of the tale●There are strong dramatic elements: single episode, climax, intensity andimmediacy●The story is often told through dialogue and action●The theme is often tragic, though there are a number of comic ballads●The ballad meter is used: four-line stanzasodd numbered lines with 4 feet eacheven numbered lines with 3 feet each●Subject matter of the balladsEnglish ballads: the Robin Hood balladswar ballad, bloodshed ballad, superstition ballad, domestic affairs, outlawry, love, sea, and border ballad.●Collections of balladsBishop Thomas Percy, Reliques of Ancient English Poetry Professor F. J. Child, English and Scottish BalladsL i t e r a t u r e i n t h e15t h c e n t u r y●1. Popular Ballads●Review the definition and the main feature of ballads●2. Sir Thomas Malory (1405 –1471)●The Death of Arthur: complied togeth er the stories of KingArthur and the Knights of the Round Table●contribution to the development of English prose●left a legacy to later writers that many of them used as subject matter in their writing●3. Early English plays●ancient Greece and Rome, drama was a form of entertainment●roman catholic church prohibited it●9th and 10th century allowed only for religious services14th century developed into 2 kinds●Mystery plays -are chiefly based on stories form the Bible●Miracle plays -are on the lives of Christian saints●These two names are used to designate the religious drama which developed amongChristian nations at the end of the Middle Ages. It should be noted that the word"mystery" has often been applied to all Christian dramas prior to the sixteenth century, whereas it should be confined to those of the fifteenth century, which represent the great dramatic effort anterior to the Renaissance Before this period dramatic pieces were called "plays" or "miracles". The embryonic representations, at first given in the interior of the churches, have been designated as liturgical dramas.T e x t u a l s t u d y:●Ballads of Robin Hood●It was popular in the second half of the 14th C.●Origin：the ballads are based on the perpetual struggles of the peasants against thelandlords and local official. (peasant uprising).●The character of Robin HoodHe is a partly historical and partly legendary character. He is many-sided. He is strong, brave, clever, tender-hearted and affectionate. He hates the noble class and loves the low-class people. However, he is devout and orthodox in religion; in addition, heshows reverence for the king. In spite of this, Robin Hood represents the fighting spirit, indomitable courage and revolutionary energy of the English peasantryT e x t u a l s t u d y:S i r P a t r i c k S p e n s●Stanza 11) What is the king doing at the beginning of the scene?2) What does he want to do?●Stanza 21) Who answered the king?2) What does he tell the king?T e x t u a l s t u d y:S i r P a t r i c k S p e n s●Stanza 31) What does the king do to the knight’s suggestion?2) What is Patrick Spens doing at the time?●Stanza 41) What does Patrick Spens do at the first sight of the letter?2) What does he do after that?T e x t u a l s t u d y:S i r P a t r i c k S p e n s●Stanza 51) Why does Sir Patrick Spens feel that “the tear blinded his ee” ?2) What is the implied meaning of the phras e “to send meout this time o’ the year” ?Stanza 61) What does Sir Patrick Spens do to his men?2) What is the response from his men?T e x t u a l s t u d y:S i r P a t r i c k S p e n s●Stanza 71) Who is speaking in this stanza?2) What does the speaker say?●Stanza 81) What are the “Scots nobles” like with reference to the first two lines of the stanza?2) What conclusion do you come to with the reference to the last two lines of thestanza?T e x t u a l s t u d y:S i r P a t r i c k S p e n s●Stanza 91) What do the wives of the sailors do after what happened in stanza 8?●Stanza 101) What is the meaning expressed in this stanza?2) Why does this stanza express a similar meaning to the last stanza?T e x t u a l s t u d y:S i r P a t r i c k S p e n s●Stanza 111) What finally happens to Sir Patrick Spens and his men?T e x t u a l s t u d y:S i r P a t r i c k S p e n s●What is the theme of this ballad?the courageous knight diligently obeying the command of his king in spite of the knowledge that he will almost certainly be going to his death.Homework:What are the basic characteristics of ballads?。

罗经国版《新编英国文学简史（上）》第三章I. Historical background1. The Hundred Years’ War between England and France (1337--- 1453) cause: for the French throneresult: awakening of national consciousness in EnglandFrench language gradually replaced by the native tongue2.the peasant uprising of 1381cause: the exploitation and oppression of the peasants by the feudal lords leader: spiritual leader: John BallLiterary worksJohn Wycliff (1324? –1384): father of English proseFirst figure to demanded to reform the church to do away with the corruption and rottenness ?Translated the Bible into standard EnglishA great contribution to English literature and English languageFix a national standard for English instead of dialectsWilliam Langland (1330? –1400)Works: The Vision of Piers PlowmanForm: allegory--is a story or description in which the characters and events symbolize some deeper underlying meaning, and serve to spread moral teaching.Double meaning:Abstract qualities or ideas are personified as characters in the storyMedieval Literature (continued)— Chaucer (1340?—1400)Chaucer: some basic factsChaucer’s masterpiece: The Canterbury Tales●Overview;●Structure;●Textual study:●the opening lines of the General Prologue●the image of the Nun●Scansion 韵律分析Chaucer: some basic factsFull name:●Geoffrey ChaucerBirth & death:●1340?—1400Career:●A wide range of career as courtier, soldier, diplomat, and civil servant ?Place in British literature:●“father of English poetry” and one of the greatest narrative poets of England●Forerunner of humanism●The first realistic writer●Master of the English language●The first to be buried in the Poet’s Corner of Westminster AbbeyLiterary Career1. The first period (the 1360s-about 1372)He was influenced by the French poetry of the Middle Ages and he translated works from French.Romance of the Rose/ The Book of the Duchess2. The second period (1372-1386)He was influenced by the great literary figures of early Renaissance in Italy, such as Dante.Troilus and Cryseyde the longest couplet poemThe Parliament of Fowls The House of Fame3.The third period (1386-1400)He produced his work full maturity free from any dominant foreign influenceThe Canterbury TalesThe Canterbury Tales: an overviewThe Canterbury T ales is a collection of stories written by Geoffrey Chaucer in the 14th century (two of them in prose, the rest in verse). The tales are told by a group of pilgrims on their way from Tabard Inn in Southwark to Canterbury to visit the shrine of Saint Thomas Becket at Canterbury Cathedral. The Canterbury Tales are written in Medieval English.Canterbury Tales: an overviewOne day in April, the poet comes to the Tabard Inn in the southern suburb of London. By nightfall, 29 pilgrims arrive at the inn and they get ready to go to Canterbury. Harry Bailey, the host of the Tabard Inn, proposes that eachpilgrim should tell two stories on the way to Canterbury and two more on the way back. The best story-teller is to be given a free supper, at the cost of all the rest. The host offers to go with them as their judge and guide. According to the plan, there should be 120 stories, but actually 24 tales are finished.Portrait of Chaucer as a pilgrimThe Canterbury Tales: its structureThe Canterbury Tales is made up of three parts:The General Prologue;24 tales, two of which left unfinished;separate prologues to each tale with links, comments, quarrels, etc. in between.ProloguePrologue provides a framework for the tales. It creates agalley of vivid characters from all walks of life, except the highest (the king and the top nobility) and the lowest (the very poor labouring folk), then assigns to each of them appropriate tales that shed light on the respec tive narrator’s distinctive personality.Textual study: General PrologueThe structure of the general prologue:●Lines 1-34: an elaborate introduction●Lines 35-719: portraits of pilgrims●Lines 720-821: the host’s suggestion of a tale-telling contest andits acceptance●Lines 822-858: the decision that the knight tell the first tale Textual study: General Prologue1. What is the structure of the opening 18 lines?The opening 18 lines make up 1 sentence in the original.2. What is the imagery expressed in these lines?spring’s renewal and rebirth3. Which verbs describe the action of nature?piercing (2), engendering (4), inspiring (5), pricking (11)4. What is the main idea expressed in these lines?a microcosm of 14th-century English society;5. How do you appreciate these lines?The literary forms of talesThese tales cover all the major types of medieval literature romance: folk tale, beast fable, story of adventure, allegorical tale, Saint’s life, sermon and alchemical accountThe wife of Bathlight-hearted, merry, vulgar, talkativeSocial significanceChaucer takes the stand of the rising bourgeoisie, because he affirms men and women’s right to pursue their happiness and opposes the dogma of asceticism. As a forerunner of Humanism, he praises man’s energ y, quick wit and love of life. At the same time, his tales expose and satire the social evils at his time.WeaknessLiving in a transitional period, Chaucer is not entirely devoid of medieval prejudices. There is nothing revolutionary in his writing, though he lived in a period of peasant uprising, so sometimes , he cracks a rough joke.The significance of The Canterbury TalesIt gives a comprehensive picture of Chaucer’s timethe dramatic structure of the poem has been highly commended by criticsstories are cleverly woven together by links between the storiesstories are related to the personalities of the tellersChaucer’s humourChaucer ―the smyler with the knyf under the cloke‖Chaucer’s contribution to the English languageHe wrote in the London dialect to prove that English language is abeautiful language and can be handled to express different moodsThus increased the prestige of eh English language.ContributionChaucer greatly contributes to the founding of the English literary language. His language now is called Middle English. He is the first great poet who wrote in the English language. He didmuch in making the dialect of London thestandard for the modern English speech.Chaucer introduced heroic couplet from France to English poetry, instead of alliterative verse.In The Legend of Good Women, he used for the first time in English heroic couplet.In The Romance of the Rose, he first introduced to the English the octosyllabic couplet.Couplets: couplets are two lines of verse, usually connected by a rhyme. Poets in the 18th C,in particular used couplets frequently. Heroic couplet:couplets in iambic pentametere.g.Her eyes are wild, her head is bore,The sun has burnt her coal-black hair.Her eye-brow have a rusty stain,And she came from far over the main.---Wordsworth: The Mad MotherHome work1. What are the artistic features and significances of The Canterbury Tales?Scansion 韵律分析Scansion is the process of measuring斟酌verse, identifying its prevailing meter 韵律、格律and rhythm 节奏, and accounting for deviations from the metrical pattern. In scanning a poem, we try to determine its dominant rhythm and meter, and to account for variations from the norm.The form of a poemNumber of lines2. A few verse formsThe form of a poemNumber of linesA stanza or poem with1 line: monostich2 lines: couplet3 lines: tercet / triplet4 lines: quatrain5 lines: limerick6 lines: hexastich7 lines: heptastich 8 lines: octaveThe form of a poem2. A few verse forms:sonnet 十四行诗blank verse 无韵诗/ 素体诗free verse 自由体诗heroic couplet 英雄偶句体诗doggerel 打油诗Triolet 八行两韵诗Rhythm1. Definition:the regular recurrence of the accent or stress in a poem 2. How do we mark the rhythm of a poem?We use ’ for a stressed syllable and ﹀an unstressed syllable. For example:﹀’﹀’﹀’﹀’﹀’Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?MeterDefinition: the number of foot in a poetic lineTypes of meter:1) iambic抑扬格的：an unstressed syllable followed by astressedsyllable;for example:﹀’﹀’﹀’ ﹀’﹀’As soon as April pierces to the root﹀’﹀’﹀’﹀’﹀’The drought of March, and bathes each bud and shootTypes of meterIamb 抑扬格Trochee 扬抑格Anapest 抑抑扬格Dactyl 扬扬抑格…Types of meterIamb 抑扬格：an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable;iambic抑扬格的for example:﹀’﹀’﹀’ ﹀’﹀’As soon as April pierces to the root﹀’﹀’﹀’﹀’﹀’The drought of March, and bathes each bud and shootTypes of meter2. Trochee 扬抑格：a stressed syllable followed by an unstressed syllable;trochaic扬抑格的for example:’﹀’﹀’ ﹀’﹀Whan that April with his shoures sooteTypes of meter3. Anapest抑抑扬格：two unstressed syllables followed by a stressed syllableanapestic:抑抑扬格的4. Dactyl扬抑抑格：a stressed syllable followed by two unstressed syllablesdactylic:扬抑抑格的Foot 音步DefinitionThe basic unit of measurement in a line of poetry. In scansion, a foot represents one instance of a metrical pattern and is shown either between or to the right or left of vertical lines, as in the following:﹀’︱﹀’︱﹀’︱﹀’whose woods︱these are︱I think ︱I knowFoot2. Below is a list of classifications:monometer: one foot 单音步dimeter: two feet 两音步trimeter: three feet 三音步tetrameter：four feet 四音步pentameter：five feet 五音步hexameter：six feet 六音步heptameter：seven feet 七音步octameter：eight feet 八音步FootThe meter in a poem is classified according both to its pattern and the number of feet to the line.The following line is one of iambic pentameter﹀’﹀’﹀’ ﹀’﹀’As soon as April pierces to the rootThe following line is one of trochaic tetrameter:’﹀’﹀’ ﹀’﹀Whan that April with his shoures sooteRhyme1. Definition:the matching of final vowel and consonant sounds in two or more words.2. How do we record the rhyme scheme of a poem?We use a, b, c, …We use the same letter to mark the lines with the same rhyme.3. What is the rhyme scheme of The Canterbury Tales?Heroic coupletDefinition:lines of iambic pentameter rhymed in pairs: aa, bb, cc, and so on. This verse form was introduced into English poetry by Chaucer, and has been in constant use ever since.for example:As soon as April pierces to the rootThe drought of March, and bathes each bud and shootthrough every vein of sap with gentle showersfrom whose engendering liquor spring the flowers;。

罗经国《新编英国文学选读》（第4版）笔记和考研真题详解目录第1章　盎格鲁-撒克逊时期(450～1066)　1.1　复习笔记　1.2　考研真题与典型题详解第2章　诺曼时期(1066～1350)　2.1　复习笔记　2.2　考研真题与典型题详解第3章　乔叟时期(1350～1400)　3.1　复习笔记　3.2　考研真题与典型题详解第4章　15世纪(1400～1550)　4.1　复习笔记　4.2　考研真题与典型题详解第5章　英国文艺复兴(1550～1642)　5.1　复习笔记　5.2　考研真题与典型题详解第6章　17世纪(1603～1688)　6.1　复习笔记　6.2　考研真题与典型题详解第7章　18世纪(1688～1798)　7.1　复习笔记　7.2　考研真题与典型题详解第8章　浪漫主义时期(1798～1832)　8.1　复习笔记　8.2　考研真题与典型题详解第9章　维多利亚时期(1832～1901)　9.1　复习笔记　9.2　考研真题与典型题详解第10章　20世纪　10.1　复习笔记　10.2　考研真题与典型题详解弘博学习网————各类考试资料全收录内容简介《新编英国文学选读》（第4版）（罗经国主编）一直被用作高等院校英语专业英国文学教材，被许多院校指定为英语专业考研必读书和学术研究参考书。

作为罗经国《新编英国文学选读》（第4版）教材的学习辅导书，本书遵循该教材的章目编排，共分10章，每章由两部分组成：第一部分为复习笔记（中英文对照），总结本章的重点难点；第二部分是考研真题与典型题详解，精选名校经典考研真题及相关习题，并提供了详细的参考答案。

本书具有以下几个方面的特点：1．梳理章节脉络，浓缩内容精华。

每章的复习笔记以该教材为主并结合其他教材对本章的重难点知识进行了整理，并参考了国内名校名师讲授该教材的课堂笔记，因此，本书的内容几乎浓缩了经典教材的知识精华。

2．中英双语对照，凸显难点要点。

本书章节笔记采用了中英文对照的形式，强化对重要难点知识的理解和运用。

第2章诺曼时期(1066～1350)2.1 复习笔记I. Historical background（历史背景）The Norman Conquest of England in 1066 accelerated the development of feudalism in England. William claimed himself William I, King of England, and regarded himself as the sole owner of the land of all England. He himself kept large tracts of land for his own use and allocated land to his relatives and his followers who had won merit in the conquest. Those people who received land from the king were made “barons” and in return they had to provide the king with knights if there should be a war. The chief class conflict of the time was that between the serfs and the peasants on the one hand, and their feudal lords, including the king, the barons, and the church on the other hand.1066年，诺曼人战胜英格兰人，加快了英国的封建化进程。

威廉任命自己为威廉一世，英国国王，自己是英国唯一的统治者。

他将大量的土地归为自己所有，将土地分给自己的亲人和在战争中立下功劳的将士们。

英国文学Beowulf 贝尔武甫(the national epic of the English people) stricking feature: alliteration, metaphors and understatements.Geoffrey Chaucer杰佛利·乔叟1340-1400长诗：The House of Fame声誉之堂;Troilus and Criseyde特罗勒斯与克丽西德小说：Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集----英国文学史上现实主义第一部杰作（他是最早有人文主义思想的作家，现实主义文学的奠基人）his contribution to English poetry: introduced from France the rhymed couplet of 5 accents in iambic meter (the heroic couplet), is the first great poet who wrote in the English language. Who making the dialect of London the standard for the modern English speech.Chapter five: The English renaissanceThomas More托马斯。

莫尔Utopia乌托邦Sir Thomas Malory马洛礼The death of Arthur 亚瑟王之死Edmond Spenser埃德蒙。

斯宾塞The first booke of the Faerie Queene 仙后 The Shepherds’s Calender 牧羊人日历Christopher Marlowe克里斯托夫。

马洛Tamburlaine铁木耳大帝the tragical history of Dr.Faustus 浮士德博士的悲剧 The Jew of Malta马耳他的犹太人 The Passionate Shepherd多情的牧羊人致情人William Shakespeare莎士比亚1564-1616 The Great Comedies: A Midsummer Night’s Dream仲夏夜之梦;The Merchant of Venice威尼斯商人;As You Like It如愿;Twelfth Night第十二夜; 4The Great Tragedies: The Tragedy of Hamlet 哈姆雷特/王子复仇记; Othello奥塞罗King Lear李尔王; The Tragedy of Macbeth麦克白; The Later Comedies(romances): Pericles波里克利斯; Cymbeline辛白林; The Winter’s Tale冬天的故事; The Tempest暴风风雨;Chapter six: The seventeenth centuryFrancis Bacon培根1561-1626Advancement of Learning学术的进展;Novum Organum新工具;New Atlantic新大西岛;Essays论文集（Of Studies论学习;Of Wisdom for a Man’s Self）The founder of English materialistphilosophyJohn Donne 约翰.多恩Songs and Sonnets Devotions upon emergent Occasions (Thefounder of the Metaphysical school of poetry) songJohn Milton约翰·弥尔顿1608-1674 L‘Allegro 欢乐的人;Il Penseroso沉思的人;Comus科马斯;Lycidas列西达斯;Areopagitica论出版自由;Pro Populo Anglicano Defense为英国人民声辩; Pro Populo Anglicano Defense Secunda再为英国人民声辩;Paradise Lost失乐园;Paradise Regained复乐园;Samson Agonistes力士参孙John Donne 约翰.多恩Songs and Sonnets Devotions upon emergent Occasions(The founder of the Metaphysical玄学派诗歌school ofpoetry)John Bunyan班扬1628-1688The Pilgrim’s Progress天路历程;The Life and Death of Mr Badman培德曼先生的一生Chapter seven:the eighteen centuryDanniel Defoe丹尼尔·迪福1660-1731 （标志着近代英国小说的形成）Hymn to the Pillory枷刑颂;Robinson Crusoe鲁宾孙飘流记;Captain Singleton辛格顿船长;Moll Flanders莫尔弗兰德斯;A Journal of the Plague Year 大疫年日记Jonathan Swift斯威夫特1667-1745 The Battle of Books书的战争;A Tale of A Tub一个木桶的故事;The Drapier’s Letters布商的书信;A Modest Proposal一个温和的建议;Guilliver’s Travels格列佛游记(A Voyage to Lilliput/Brobdingnag/Laputa,Balnibarbi,Luggnagg,Glubbdubd riba and Japan/The Country of the Houyhnhnms小人国/大人国/拉普他等地/智马国游记)Alexander Pope蒲柏1688-1744 Pastorals 田园诗集;An Essay on Criticism批评论;Windsor Forest温莎林;The Rape of the Lock卷发遇劫记;The Duncial愚人志;Moral Essays道德论;An Essay on Man人论;Epistle to Dr Arbuthnot与阿布斯诺博士书Samuel Johnson塞缪尔·约翰生1709-1784 A Dictionary of the Engligh Language英语语言辞典;Lives of Poets诗人传;Vanity of Human Wishes人类欲望的虚幻;Rasselas 拉塞勒斯名文：Letter to Right honourable the earl of Chesterfield给吉士菲尔伯爵的信Henry Fielding亨利·菲尔丁1707-1754（英国现实主义小说的奠基者）剧本：The Coffeehouse Politician咖啡屋政客;Don Quixote in England堂·吉诃德在英国;The Historical Register for the Year 历史记事长篇小说：The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews,and of His Friend Mr Abraham Adams约瑟·安德鲁传;The Life of Mr Jonathan Wild the Great大伟人江奈生·魏尔德传;TheHistory of Tom Jones,a Foundling弃儿汤姆·琼斯的故事;Amelia阿美利亚Thomas Gray托马斯。

罗经国《新编英国⽂学选读》（第4版）教材-第3章乔叟时期（1350～1400）【圣才出品】第3章乔叟时期(1350～1400)3.1 复习笔记Ⅰ. Historical background（历史背景）Two important historical events happened during the century in which Chaucer lived and their influence can be detected in the writings of Chaucer and Langland. The first was the Hundred Years’ War between England and France, starting from the reign of Edward the Third (1327～1377) and ending during the reign of Henry the Sixth (1421～1471). It was a series of wars fought between the English kings and the French kings for the French throne. The second historical event was the peasant uprising of 1381, during the reign of King Richard the Second. This peasant uprising was the direct result of exploitation and oppression of the peasants by the feudal lords.在乔叟⽣活的年代，发⽣过两件⼤事，它们的影响⼒可以在乔叟和朗格兰的作品中见到。

第⼀件⼤事是英法百年战争，始于爱德华三世统治时期（1327～1377），终于亨利六世时期（1421～1471）。

罗经国新编英国文学选读（最新版5篇）目录（篇1）一、罗经国与《新编英国文学选读》二、书籍内容概述1.选文时期范围2.选文作者及作品三、书籍特点1.系统性2.代表性3.权威性四、书籍价值1.考研考证参考价值2.文学研究价值3.教育教学价值五、总结正文（篇1）罗经国是一位在英国文学研究领域具有很高声誉的学者，他所编撰的《新编英国文学选读》是一本系统性、代表性、权威性的英国文学选读教材。

该书共分为上下两册，所选内容均为英国文学史上脍炙人口的经典作品，选文包括盎格鲁 - 撒克逊时期、诺曼时期、乔叟时期、15 世纪、文艺复兴、17 世纪、18 世纪等时期的英国文学作品。

如《贝奥武甫》《坎特伯雷故事集》、莎士比亚的《十四行诗》《威尼斯商人》《哈姆雷特》、弥尔顿的《失乐园》、笛福的《摩尔·弗兰德斯》、菲尔丁的《弃儿汤姆·琼斯的故事》等有关作品。

这本书具有很高的系统性，按照时间顺序排列，让读者能够清晰地了解英国文学的发展脉络。

同时，它还具有很强的代表性，所选作品均为各时期的典型代表作，让读者能够领略到英国文学的精髓。

在权威性方面，罗经国在编撰过程中引用了大量的文献资料，对文学作品进行了深入的剖析，使得这本书具有很高的学术价值。

《新编英国文学选读》不仅具有考研考证的参考价值，还对文学研究具有一定的价值。

此外，它还可以作为英国文学课程的教材，帮助学生更好地理解和掌握英国文学知识。

目录（篇2）1.罗经国与《新编英国文学选读》2.书籍内容概述3.罗经国的文学研究背景4.《新编英国文学选读》各版本的特点5.读者对《新编英国文学选读》的评价正文（篇2）罗经国是一位在英国文学研究领域具有深厚学术造诣的学者，他编写的《新编英国文学选读》旨在为读者呈现英国文学史上脍炙人口的经典作品，并引导读者深入了解英国文学的发展脉络。

《新编英国文学选读》共分为上下两册，所选内容涵盖了英国文学史上各个重要时期，如盎格鲁 - 撒克逊时期、诺曼时期、乔叟时期、15 世纪、文艺复兴、17 世纪、18 世纪等。

第5章英国文艺复兴(1550～1642)5.1 复习笔记I. Historical background（历史背景）After long years of foreign and domestic wars, England enjoyed a period of peace and prosperity during the reign of Queen Elizabeth (1558～1603). By adopting a policy of tolerance the Queen successfully maintained a balance of power between the feudal lords and the rising burghers as well as between the Protestants and the Catholics. Another historical event that greatly strengthened the power of the monarch and accelerated the awakening of national consciousness was the defeat of the Spanish Armada by the English navy in 1588.在经历连年不断的国内外战争之后，英国在伊丽莎白女王统治时期（1558～1603）获得了一段和平繁荣时期。

女王采取宽容政策，成功地使封建领主和地位上升的市民阶级、新教徒和天主教徒之间达到一种平衡的状态。

另一件极大增强最高统治者权力和唤醒民族意识的历史事件是英国海军在1588年击败了西班牙的无敌舰队。

Ⅱ. The enclosure movement（圈地运动）The rising of the burgher class was indispensable to the enclosure movement. With the discovery of the new sea routes, the English merchants had been bringing enormous wealth from the east. But the first and most important field where the English burghers made their fortunes was the wool trade. As the demand for woolincreased, some of the nobles and the burghers turned vast arable land into pastures and large numbers of peasants became landless men. Many peasants who were compelled to leave their land came to settle down in towns and cities and earned their living as labourers. Thus, two opposite classes came into being, the capitalist class and the labouring class.圈地运动的展开与市民阶级的上升有密不可分的关系。

第4章15世纪(1400～1550)一、填空题1. The most magnificent prose work of the 15th century is Le Morte D’ Arthur concerning with _____ legend.【答案】Arthurian【解析】15世纪左右公认的集大成作品为《亚瑟王之死》，是关于亚瑟王的传奇故事。

2. The fifteenth century has been traditionally described as the barren age in English literature. But it is the spring tide of English _____.【答案】ballads【解析】十五世纪英国歌谣开始兴起。

二、选择题Robin Hood was written in the form of _____.（北二外2014研）A. free verseB. balladC. sonnetD. blank verse【答案】B【解析】罗宾汉是用歌谣的形式书写的。

三、术语解释1. Morality playKey:①A kind of religious drama popular in England, Scotland, France, and elsewhere in Europe in the 15th and early 16th centuries. ②Morality plays are dramatized allegories, in which personified virtues, vices, diseases, and temptations struggle for the soul of man as he travels from birth to death. ③They instill a simple message of Christian salvation, but often include comic scenes. The best-known is Everyman. They had a considerable influence on the development of Elizabethan drama.2. Ballad（厦门大学2012研）Key: ①A folk song or orally transmitted poems telling a direct dramatic manner some popular story usually derived from a tragic incident in local history or legend. The story is told simply, impersonally, and often with vivid dialogue. ②Ballads are normally composed in quatrains with vivid alternating fore-stress and three-stress lines, the second and fourth lines rhyming;. But some ballads are in couplet form, and some others have six-line stanzas. ③Appearing in many parts of Europe in the late Middle Ages, ballads flourished particularly strongly in Scotland from the 15th century onward. Since the 18th century, educated poets outside the folk-song tradition—notably Coleridge and Goethe—have written imitations of the popular balla d’s form and style: Coleridg e’s ‘Rime of the Ancient Marine r’ is a celebrated example.四、论述题What is the most important department of English folk literature? And make comments on its most famous cycle: the Robin Hood Ballads.Key: (1) The most important department of English folk literature is the ballad. A ballad is a story told in song, usually in quatrains with alternating four-stress and three-stress lines, the second and fourth lines rhyming. When it was chanted by ball-assigners, the audience joined in a refrain which usually followed each stanza. They are mainly the literature of the peasants, and in them one is able to understand the outlook of the English common people in feudal society.The subject of ballads are various in kind, as the struggle of young lovers against their feudal-minded families, the conflict between love and wealth, the cruelty of jealousy, the criticism of the civil war, and the matters of class struggle.(2) The most famous cycle of English ballads centers on the stories about a legendary outlaw called Robin Hood. Robin Hood, a legendary popular hero, is depicted in the ballads as a valiant outlaw, famous in archery, living under the greenwood tree with his merry men, taking from the rich and giving to the poor, waging war against bishops and archbishops, and constantly hunted by the sheriffs, whom he constantly outwits.Clearly the historical origin of Robin Hood and his band of outlaws is to be found in the perpetual struggles of the peasants against the landlords, against the local officials and against the king’s judges. Robin Hood is a partly historical and partly legendary character.The character of Robin Hood is many-sided. Strong, brave and clever, he is at the same time tender-hearted and affectionate. But the dominant Key in his character is his hatred for the cruel oppressors and his love for the poor and downtrodden. Robin Hood appears to be devout and orthodox in religion. Another feature of Robin’s view is his reverence for the king. The king appears in the ballads as an intermediary between the outlaws and his officials and judges, as the humorous and understanding guest in the greenwood, feasting on his own stolen deer. In spite of this, the Robin Hood ballads show the fighting spirit, indomitable courage and revolutionary energy of the English peasantry.（此题分两部分作答，第一部分主要分析什么是歌谣以及歌谣的写作主题；第二部分主要分析Robin Hood 的主要内容，主题和Robin Hood的形象。

第10章20世纪10.1 复习笔记Ⅰ. Historical background（历史背景）1. The Two World Wars（两次世界大战）The two World Wars were the direct result of the conflicts between rival imperialist countries and their ambition to dominate the world。

世界上主要敌对帝国主义国家之间争夺世界霸权的斗争直接导致了两次世界大战的发生。

2. The Trends of Literature（文学的主要趋势）(1) Modernism现代主义(2) The Angry Young Men愤怒的青年(3) The Theatre of the Absurd荒诞派戏剧Ⅱ. Modernism（现代主义）1. General Understanding of Modernism（对现代主义的整体理解）(1) Modernism is a rather vague term which is used to apply to the works of a group of poets, novelists, painters, and musicians between1910 and the early yearsafter the World War Ⅱ.现代主义是一个比较模糊的概念，指的是在1910年至第二次世界大战之间的一批诗人、小说家、画家、音乐家的作品。

(2) Alienation and loneliness are the basic themes of modernism. In the eyes of modernist writers, the modern world is a chaotic one and is incomprehensible. Although modern society is materially rich, it is spiritually barren. It is a land of spiritual and emotional sterility.孤立与孤独是现代主义的基本主题。

1. Chapter One The Anglo-Saxon Period (450 —— 1066) 1. Historical backgroundThe Celts 〉the Brythons.The Iron Age.The ceremonies of May Day and the cult of mistletoe.From 55 BC to 407 AD, the Roman Empire, a slave society.London was founded.Little influence on the cultural life of the Celts,Town with names ending in “chester” or “caster”.De Bello Gallico by Julius Caesar and Germania by Publius Cornelius Tacitus450 AD, the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes.“angul” means a hook; “seax” means a short sw ord.Around 500 AD, the Celtic King Arthur fought against Cerdic, the founder of the kingdom of Wessex. Camelot, King Arthur’s capital.Later 8th, the Danes, or the Vikings.King Alfred the Great of Wessex (849-899)Harold, the last Saxon King 〉William the Duke of Normandy.597, Pope Gregory the Great sent St. Augustine to England and the first converted king was King Ethelbert of Kent.2. Northumbrian School and Wessex literature——two highlights in the development of the Anglo-Saxon literature.Monasteries and abbeys in the kingdom of Northumbria.Caedmon in the 7th turned the stories in the Bible into verse form ——Paraphrase. Inspired by God.The Venerable Bede (673-735), wrote in Latin The Ecclesiastical History of the English People from Caesar to 731. It was Bede who told about the story of Caedmon.The reign of King Alfred (871-899)First, Latin books into West Saxon dialect. It is said that King Alfred translated the history of Bede.Second, the launching of The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, from Caesar’s conquest to 1154.Third, created a style of Anglo-Saxon prose which was not obscure.3. Anglo-Saxon poetryThe earliest is Widsith and the last is Maldon.BeowulfAs early as the 6th in oral formWritten down in the 8th.The manuscript preserved dates back to the 10th and in Wessex dialect. One datable fact in the poem is a raid on the Franks by Gelac in 520. 3183 lines.Danish King Hrothgar built a hall called Heorot.Grendel for 12 years.Beowulf, nephew to King Hygelac of the Geats. With 14 companions.Hrothgar's friend Aeschere killed by Grendel's mother.Killing Grendel’s mother with a magic sword in the cave.One of the 12 companions, Wiglaf, helped Beowulf kill the dragon.Physical strength demonstrates his high spiritual qualities.A mixture of paganism and Christian elements.Old English Poetry:1. The technical structure:1)Every line consists of two clearly separated half lines between whichis a caesura. The two parts of the line are united by alliteration,a form of initial rhyme, which is the repetition of the same sound orsounds at the beginning of two or more words that are next to or close to each other.2)Every half line consists of two feet and each foot is made up of anaccented syllable and a varying number of unaccented syllables.3)Generally there are 3 alliterations per line, two in the first halfline and one on the first foot of the second half line.2. The scop also used a figurative language called “kenning”, a metaphor usually composed of two words, which becomes the formula of a special object: “helmet bearer” for “warrior.”3. The use of repetition and variation. Same idea expressed more than once by synonyms.PS: 第4頁第2段第3行經Word自動更正提示以及維基百科確認，“Ecclesiatical”為印刷錯誤，應為“Ecclesiastical”。

王守仁英国文学选读第3及4版笔记和考研真题详解王守仁《英国文学选读》（第3、4版）笔记和课后习题（含考研真题）详解内容简介本资料是王守仁《英国文学选读》（第3、4版）教材的学习辅导书，主要包括以下内容：1．整理名校笔记，浓缩内容精华。

在参考了国内外名校名师讲授该教材的课堂笔记基础上，复习笔记部分对各章的重难点进行了整理，因此，本书的内容几乎浓缩了该教材的知识精华。

2．解析课后习题，提供详尽答案。

本书参考了该教材的国内外配套资料和其他教材的相关知识对该教材的课后习题进行了详细的分析和解答，并对相关重要知识点进行了延伸和归纳。

3．精选考研真题，补充难点习题。

本书精选名校近年考研真题及相关习题，并提供答案和详解。

所选真题和习题基本体现了各个章节的考点和难点，但又不完全局限于教材内容，是对教材内容极好的补充。

本书提供电子书及纸质书，方便对照复习。

•试看部分内容第1单元杰弗里·乔叟1.1 复习笔记Geoffrey Chauce r (杰弗里·乔叟)(1343-1400)1. Life (生平)Geoff rey Ch au ce r, bo rn in 1343 in London, i s the foun der of English poetry. He was the son of a wi ne merc han t who h ad conne ction s wi th th e Cou rt. He late r be came a courtie r and comptroller.Chaucer’s learning was wide in scope. He obtained a go o d kn o wl e d ge o f Lati n, F re n c h an d It al i an. H e h ad bro ad an d i n ti mate acqu ai n tan c e wi th p e rso n s h i gh an d l o w i n al l wal ks o f l i f e, an d kn e w we l l th e wh o l e l i f e o f hi s ti m e, wh i ch le f t gre at i m p re ssi on s u po n hi s wo rks an d p arti cu larly upo n hi s vari egate d dep icti on o f the English society of his time.He di e d i n1400an d w a s b u ri e d i n W e st m i n s te r A bb e y, thus founding the Poets’C orner.杰弗里·乔叟于1343年出生于伦敦，他是英语诗歌之父。