罗经国《新编英国文学选读》(第4版)教材-第8章 浪漫主义时期(1798～1832)【圣才出品】

罗经国《新编英国⽂学选读》（第4版）教材-第8章浪漫主义时期（1798～1832）【圣才出品】第8章浪漫主义时期(1798～1832)8.1 复习笔记Ⅰ. Historical Background（历史背景）(1) The American and French Revolutions（美国⾰命和法国⾰命）Under the influence of the American and French revolutions, national liberation movements and democratic movements swept across many European countries. England was no exception.在美国⾰命和法国⾰命的影响下，民族解放运动和民主运动席卷整个欧洲。

英国也不例外。

(2) The Industrial Revolution（⼯业⾰命）It brought great wealth to the rich and worsened working and living conditions of the poor. With the invention of new machines, many skilled workers were replaced by women and children and working hours for young children lasted fourteen to sixteen hours a day.⼯业⾰命使富⼈更富，穷⼈更穷。

随着新的⽣产机器的发明，妇⼥和⼉童渐渐取代了熟练的⼯⼈，为了⽣存，他们每天必须⼯作⼗四到⼗六个⼩时。

Ⅱ. Intellectual Background（学术背景）(1)Rousseau (1712～1778)（卢梭）He is generally regarded as the father of romanticism, and he rejects theworship of reason. He believes that in the really vital problems of life it is much safer to rely on feelings, to follow our instincts and emotions. He preaches that civilized men sho uld “return to nature”, to a primitive state of life.卢梭是浪漫主义之⽗，他反对崇拜理性，他认为对待⽣活中很多⾄关重要的问题最好是靠感觉、直觉、情感，。

第4章15世纪(1400～1550)4.1 复习笔记Ⅰ. Historical background（历史背景）(1) The Hundred Years’ War（百年战争）The Hundred Years’War continued and in 1415 at the Battle of Agincourt King Henry Ⅴ (1413～1422) defeated the French army and claimed himself the heir to the French throne.百年战争还在持续，在1415年的阿金库尔战役中，亨利5世（1413～1422）战胜了法国军队，并宣布自己是法国的继承者。

(2) The War of the Roses (1455～1485)（玫瑰战争）The War of the Roses, or the Thirty Years’ War, was a series of civil wars fought between the two great families, both of which claimed the right to the English throne. It lasted for thirty years until King Henry Ⅶ defeated Richard Ⅲ(1483～1485) at the Battle of Bosworth and ended the civil war.玫瑰战争，又叫三十年战争，是发生在两个家族之间的一系列内战，他们都宣称自己有权统治英国。

它持续了30年，直到亨利7世在博斯沃思战争（1483～1485）中打败理查德3世，内战宣告结束。

(3) The discovery of America and the new sea routes（美洲大陆和新航海线路的发现）In 1492, a Genoese mariner, Christopher Columbus (ca.1436～1506) who believed that he could reach India by sailing west, landed in America with thesupport of the Spanish sovereigns Ferdinand and Isabella.1492年，热那亚水手克里斯托弗·哥伦布相信只要一直向西航行就能到达印度，在费迪南和伊莎贝拉的支持下，他登上了美洲大陆。

第7章18世纪(1688～1798)7.1 复习笔记Ⅰ. Historical background（历史背景）With the ascent of the bourgeoisie cultural life，some special features are worthy of our notice:随着市民阶层文化生活的提升，以下几点值得我们的注意：(1) Political writings（政治写作）The rise of the political parties and their rivalry called forth writers，literary men willing to work for either party in order to help either of them win more votes.政党的崛起，他们的竞争对手召集作家进行创作，而作家们一般都愿意帮助其中任何一派来替他们拉选票。

(2) Newspapers and journals（报纸和期刊）With the coming of the 18th century a new mass media came into being. Both parties printed newspapers as a means to express their views. Besides, the rise of the middle class also helped the growth of the newspapers.随着18世纪的到来，一种新的媒介开始形成。

双方政党都印刷报纸作为宣传他们主张的媒介。

此外，正在上升的中产阶级也推动了报业的发展。

(3) Coffeehouses（咖啡屋）In the latter half of the 17th century and throughout the 18th century, the coffeehouses in London served as informal meeting houses for men of all classes,where they could exchange their opinions and do business.17世纪后半叶和整个18世纪，伦敦的咖啡屋都被当成是各个阶级的非正式会议室，他们可以在那儿交流意见、业务往来。

第9章维多利亚时期(1832～1901)9.1 复习笔记Ⅰ. Historical background（历史背景）(1) 1832～1848The first reform bill—the industrial capitalists gain their power in Parliament. This bill extended the right to vote to the industrial capitalists and the lower middle class, but not the workers.凭借第一部改革议案，工业资产阶级在议会中赢得了权利。

这个议案使工业资产阶级和中下层阶级获得了选举权，但是工人却并没有获得选举权。

(2) In the fifties and sixties（五十年代和六十年代）England had become the workshop of the world and the world’s banker. It was a period of complacency, stability and optimism.英国成为“世界工厂”和“世界银行”。

这个时期的社会稳定发展，人们对未来信心百倍。

(3) In the 1890s（十九世纪九十年代）The 1890s is a period of serenity and security. By 1890, England continued to grow in strength. The British Empire had comprised more than a quarter of all the territory on the surface of the earth.九十年代是一个安稳而宁静的年代，这个时期，英国的实力持续增长，英国占据了世界四分之一的领土。

Ⅱ. The Victorian Novelists （维多利亚时期的小说家）The Flourishing of Novels（小说兴起的背景）①a new reading public新的阅读群体②a dropping of the price of books书价格的下跌③a profession of writing写作职业的出现④a need of recreation and entertainment休闲娱乐的需要⑤a need of satire of individuals or institutions讽刺个人或体制的需要⑥the feminist movement女权运动Common Features of Victorian Novels（维多利亚小说的共同特征）①The plot小说情节的社会背景更加广②The cause-effect sequence因果关系更加明确③By installment以系列的形式出版④The spirit of Puritanism清教思想的渗入⑤Moral Purpose以道德说教为目的1. Charles Dickens (1812～1870)（查尔斯·狄更斯）(1) Brief Introduction of the Author（作者简介）Dickens was born at Portsmouth in 1812. In 1858 Dickens began to give public readings which continued until his death in 1870. He is the most important novelist of the critical realistic period. In his works, he exposes the cruelty and the hypocrisy of the upper class of the English society, making great contributions to the development of the English literature.1812年生于朴次茅斯市郊，狄更斯在1858年开始公开朗诵，直到1870年他去世。

羅經國《新編英國文學選讀第二版》自製筆記1. 盎格魯撒克遜時期钱俊@ 2009/8/23 13:08 阅读(291) 无评论推荐值(0)引用通告分类: 學習筆記羅經國《新編英國文學選讀第二版》自製筆記1. Chapter One The Anglo-Saxon Period (450 —— 1066) 1. Historical backgroundThe Celts 〉the Brythons.The Iron Age.The ceremonies of May Day and the cult of mistletoe.From 55 BC to 407 AD, the Roman Empire, a slave society.London was founded.Little influence on the cultural life of the Celts,Town with names ending in “chester” or “caster”.De Bello Gallico by Julius Caesar and Germania by Publius Cornelius Tacitus450 AD, the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes.“angul” means a hook; “seax” means a short sword.Around 500 AD, the Celtic King Arthur fought against Cerdic, the founder of the kingdom of Wessex. Camelot, King Arthur’s capital.Later 8th, the Danes, or the Vikings.King Alfred the Great of Wessex (849-899)Harold, the last Saxon King 〉William the Duke of Normandy.597, Pope Gregory the Great sent St. Augustine to England and the first converted king was King Ethelbert of Kent.2. Northumbrian School and Wessex literature——two highlights in the development of the Anglo-Saxon literature.Monasteries and abbeys in the kingdom of Northumbria.Caedmon in the 7th turned the stories in the Bible into verse form ——Paraphrase. Inspired by God.The Venerable Bede (673-735), wrote in Latin The Ecclesiastical History of the English People from Caesar to 731. It was Bede who told about the story of Caedmon.The reign of King Alfred (871-899)First, Latin books into West Saxon dialect. It is said that King Alfred translated the history of Bede.Second, the launching of The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, from Caesar’s conquest to 1154.Third, created a style of Anglo-Saxon prose which was not obscure.3. Anglo-Saxon poetryThe earliest is Widsith and the last is Maldon.BeowulfAs early as the 6th in oral formWritten down in the 8th.The manuscript preserved dates back to the 10th and in Wessex dialect.One datable fact in the poem is a raid on the Franks by Gelac in 520.3183 lines.Danish King Hrothgar built a hall called Heorot.Grendel for 12 years.Beowulf, nephew to King Hygelac of the Geats. With 14 companions.Hrothgar's friend Aeschere killed by Grendel's mother.Killing Grendel’s mother with a magic sword in the cave.One of the 12 companions, Wiglaf, helped Beowulf kill the dragon.Physical strength demonstrates his high spiritual qualities.A mixture of paganism and Christian elements.Old English Poetry:1. The technical structure:1)Every line consists of two clearly separated half lines betweenwhich is a caesura. The two parts of the line are united byalliteration, a form of initial rhyme, which is the repetition of the same sound or sounds at the beginning of two or more words that are next to or close to each other.2)Every half line consists of two feet and each foot is made up ofan accented syllable and a varying number of unaccented syllables.3)Generally there are 3 alliterations per line, two in the first halfline and one on the first foot of the second half line.2. The scop also used a figurative language called “kenning”, a metaphor usually composed of two words, which becomes the formula of a special object: “helmet bearer” for “warrior.”3. The use of repetition and variation. Same idea expressed more than once by synonyms.2. Chapter Two The Norman Period (1066-1350)1. Historical background1066, the battle of HastingsThe Normans, also descendants of Scandinavian marauders, having seized a wide part of northern France.Accelerated the feudalism in England.Large tracts of land by the king, barons, knights and the church.A peasant uprising in 1381.2. Middle EnglishFor 3 centuries after the Norman conquest, two languages were used side by side in England: Latin and French.Words and expressions from Latin and French and Greek in the 14th.Inflectional forms dropped and grammar simplified.3. Religious literatureThe issue of personal salvation.Moral and spiritual responsibilities of individual rather than his ethical and social responsibilities.Conventional theme: homiletic paraphrases of the Gospels4. Romance and the influence of French literatureThrough French literature the introduction of Italian literature.Chief breeding ground was the aristocratic society in France in the 12th and early 13th and was introduced into England in the second half of the 13th and the 14th.In subject matters, romance naturally falls under three categories.1) The matter of France: the exploits of Charlemagne the Great and Roland,a national hero in the 8th, Chanson de Roland.2) The matter of Rome: Alexander the Great and the siege of Troy.3) The matter of Britain: the Arthurian legend, Sir Gawain, Launcelot, Merlin, the Holy Grail, the death of King Arthur.Sir Gawain and the Green KnightWritten about 1375-1400.About 2500 lines.Four “fyttes”.Green ChapelFirst day, a deer; second day, a boar; the third day a fox. A girdle. —〉the Order of GarterA true knight should not only dedicate himself to the church but also should possess the virtues of great courage, of fidelity to his promise, and of physical chastity and purity.It contained several element which prepared for a new culture.A vivid portrayal of the hero and a fine analysis of his psychology.A well unified and exciting plot full of climaxes and surprises.The three hunting scenes and the three bedchamber scenes are closely related with each other.A mixture of Anglo-Saxon poetry, the musical effect of which depends on the alliterated initial syllables and French poetry, the musical effect of which depends on the fixed number of accented and unaccented syllables in a verse line. Paragraphs of long alliterative lines of varying length are followed by a single line of two syllables, called “the bob”, and a group of four-stressed lines called “the wheel”, i.e., a set of short lines forming the concluding part of a stanza.3. Chapter Three The Age of Chaucer (1350-1400) Historical backgroundChaucer and William Langland (1330?-1400?) and the writer of Sir Gawain were contemporaries.But he deserves a period of his own.Two historical events which their influence can be detected in the writings of Chaucer and Langland: The Hundred Years’ War from the reign of Edward III (1327-1377) to the reign of Henry VI (1421-1471), or from 1337-1453; the peasant uprising of 1381, the reign of King Richard II.The Hundred Years’ War for the French throne.The first seven English kings were in fact living in France.Starting from King Henry III, England became the principal concern of the English kings.An awakening of national consciousness in England. No longer vassals to the French but claimed that they had the right to succeed the French throne. And the French language was gradually replaced by the native tongue.Peasant uprising. John Ball: “When Adam delved and Eve span / Who was then the gentlemen?”From Kent to London under the leadership of Wat Tyler.William Langland and another writer John Wycliff (1324?-1384) expressed people’s hatred for the church and the government.John Wycliff (1324?-1384)One of the first figures who demanded to reform the church.Translated the Bible into standard English. Fixed a national standard for English prose to replace various dialects. Father of English prose.Many pamphlets in Latin to attack the feudal lords and the church. Opposed to the claim of the Pope to the English throne. Civil authority had the right to deprive the church of the property if it proved unworthy of people’s trust. The views were taken over by the peasants in their uprising.William Langland (1330?-1400?)Piers Plowman, or The Vision of Piers Plowman, another alliterative poem besides Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Giving a realistic picture of the 14th century England.The form of allegory, a story or description in which the characters and events symbolize some deeper underlying meaning, and serve to spread moral teaching. An allegory has a double meaning. A primary or surface meaning, and a secondary meaning, or underlying meaning. In an allegory, abstract qualities or ideas, such as patience, purity or truth, are personified as characters in the story.The visions the poet had on a May morning.A high tower ——TruthA deep dungeon ——the Father of FalsenessPeople from all walks of life, laymen and religious people.Gluttony.Lady Meed (bribery) to be married to Falseness but protested by Theology. The king proposed to marry her to Conscience but failed. Meed is expelled and Conscience and Reason become king’s counsellers.Conscience preaching to the people and Repentance moving their hearts, including the Seven Deadly Sins.People came to seek for truth but no one knows the way. Then Piers Plowman appears. This episode suggests that man should do the task that falls to his lot.Geoffrey Chaucer (ca. 1340-1400)Born in a wine merchant family with rising fortunes.Grew up in London.1357, a page at court.1359, joined the army in the Hundred Year’s War and was taken prisoner. 1360, returned to England and married a maid of honour of the queen. For the next ten years in the Continent on diplomatic missions.1382, Controller of Customs at the port of London.1386, PM from KentJohn of Gaunt(Duke of Lancaster. 1340-1399. English soldier. The fourth son of Edward III, he ruled England during his father's last years and in the beginning of Richard II's reign.) as his patron.〉A great variety of occupations and experiences as well as close observation of life made him familiar with the lives of various classes. Died on Oct 25, 1400, the Poet’s Corner in WestminsterAbbey.Works divided into 3 periods, corresponding to the 3 periods of his life.(1) 1360-1372, wrote under the influence of the French literature, even translated French poems himself. Poem The Book of the Duchess, much of conventional romance elements in it.(2) 1372-1386, under the influence of the Italian literature. Troilus and Cryseyde, adapted from a long poem by Boccaccio, the writer of The Decameron. The Parliament of Fowls and The House of Fame.(3) the last 15 years of his life. The Canterbury Tales between 1387 and 1400. A general prologue and 24 tales that are connected by “links”. Tarbard Inn. 29 pilgrims to St. Thomas Beckett’s tomb at Canterbur y.The host is Harry Bailey. Expected to tell 120 tales, i.e. each person tells 4 tales.The significance of The Canterbury Tales(1). A comprehensive picture of Chaucer’s time. The gentle class; the burgher class, the wife of Bath included, who has married five times; the professionals. All persons connected with the church are drown with touches of gentle irony and mild satire, with the exception of the poor parson. His satire can be the bitterest in the portrayal of the pardoner and the summoner. In this sense Chaucer himself is “the smyler with the knyf under the cloke.”Each character not only a representative of his or her class but also has an individual character of their own.(2). The dramatic structure of the poem has been highly commended by critics. Unlike The Decameron, it is cleverly woven together by links between the stories. Most of the stories are related to the personalities of the tellers, the personalities of each character, his or her private life and habits, his or her mood and social status are revealed in the prologue and in the story he or she tells, as well as by their behaviour along the road and their remarks on the way.Most important is the part played by the host Harry Hailey.(3). Chaucer’s humour: a characteristic feature of the English literature.(4). Contribution to the English language: wrote in the London dialect of his day. He was at one moment serious and another light-hearted and full of fun and sometimes he could be very poetical. He proved that the English language is a beautiful language can be easily handled to express different moods.In doing so Greatly increase the prestige of the English language.PS: 文中的《十日談》作者意大利作家薄伽丘用的單詞是“Boccacio”，但是維基百科和朗文當代英語詞典查詢出的都是“Boccaccio”。

罗经国《新编英国文学选读》（第4版）笔记和考研真题详解目录第1章　盎格鲁-撒克逊时期(450～1066)　1.1　复习笔记　1.2　考研真题与典型题详解第2章　诺曼时期(1066～1350)　2.1　复习笔记　2.2　考研真题与典型题详解第3章　乔叟时期(1350～1400)　3.1　复习笔记　3.2　考研真题与典型题详解第4章　15世纪(1400～1550)　4.1　复习笔记　4.2　考研真题与典型题详解第5章　英国文艺复兴(1550～1642)　5.1　复习笔记　5.2　考研真题与典型题详解第6章　17世纪(1603～1688)　6.1　复习笔记　6.2　考研真题与典型题详解第7章　18世纪(1688～1798)　7.1　复习笔记　7.2　考研真题与典型题详解第8章　浪漫主义时期(1798～1832)　8.1　复习笔记　8.2　考研真题与典型题详解第9章　维多利亚时期(1832～1901)　9.1　复习笔记　9.2　考研真题与典型题详解第10章　20世纪　10.1　复习笔记　10.2　考研真题与典型题详解弘博学习网————各类考试资料全收录内容简介《新编英国文学选读》（第4版）（罗经国主编）一直被用作高等院校英语专业英国文学教材，被许多院校指定为英语专业考研必读书和学术研究参考书。

作为罗经国《新编英国文学选读》（第4版）教材的学习辅导书，本书遵循该教材的章目编排，共分10章，每章由两部分组成：第一部分为复习笔记（中英文对照），总结本章的重点难点；第二部分是考研真题与典型题详解，精选名校经典考研真题及相关习题，并提供了详细的参考答案。

本书具有以下几个方面的特点：1．梳理章节脉络，浓缩内容精华。

每章的复习笔记以该教材为主并结合其他教材对本章的重难点知识进行了整理，并参考了国内名校名师讲授该教材的课堂笔记，因此，本书的内容几乎浓缩了经典教材的知识精华。

2．中英双语对照，凸显难点要点。

本书章节笔记采用了中英文对照的形式，强化对重要难点知识的理解和运用。

第2章诺曼时期(1066～1350)2.1 复习笔记I. Historical background（历史背景）The Norman Conquest of England in 1066 accelerated the development of feudalism in England. William claimed himself William I, King of England, and regarded himself as the sole owner of the land of all England. He himself kept large tracts of land for his own use and allocated land to his relatives and his followers who had won merit in the conquest. Those people who received land from the king were made “barons” and in return they had to provide the king with knights if there should be a war. The chief class conflict of the time was that between the serfs and the peasants on the one hand, and their feudal lords, including the king, the barons, and the church on the other hand.1066年，诺曼人战胜英格兰人，加快了英国的封建化进程。

威廉任命自己为威廉一世，英国国王，自己是英国唯一的统治者。

他将大量的土地归为自己所有，将土地分给自己的亲人和在战争中立下功劳的将士们。

第9章维多利亚时期(1832～1901)一、填空题1. Author _____; Title _____.（南京大学2009研；南京大学2008研）I would not have gone back to Joe now, I would not have gone back to Biddy now, for any consideration: simply, I suppose, because my sense of my own worthless conduct to them was greater than every consideration.【答案】Charles Dickens; Great Expectations【解析】题目节选自狄更斯的Great Expectations（《远大前程》）。

2. Like Ibsen, _____ was much concerned about the social problems of his time. His career as a dramatist began in 1892, when his first play _____ was put on and turned out a success.（天津外国语大学2010研）【答案】George Bernard Shaw; Widowers’ Houses【解析】萧伯纳是英国现代杰出的现实主义戏剧作家，是世界著名的擅长幽默与讽刺的语言大师。

他的第一部剧作《鳏夫的房产》创作于1892年。

3. Heathcliff and Catherine are characters in _____ written by _____.（大连外国语大学2007研）【答案】Wuthering Heights, Emily Brontë【解析】Heathcliff和Catherine是英国小说家Emily Brontë小说《呼啸山庄》中的人物。

第1章盎格鲁-撒克逊时期(450～1066)1.1 复习笔记Ⅰ. Historical Background（历史背景）(1) The earliest settlers of the British Isles were the Celts, who migrated to the British Isles about 600 B.C.不列颠群岛最早的定居者是凯尔特人，他们大约在公元前600年移民到不列颠群岛。

(2) From 55 B.C. to 407 A.D. the British Isles were under the rule of the Roman Empire.从公元前55年到公元407年，不列颠群岛处于罗马帝国的统治之下。

(3) About 450 A.D., waves of the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes invaded the British Isles. They settled in England, and drove the Celts into Wales, Scotland, and Ireland.公元450年左右，盎格鲁人、撒克逊人和朱特人占领了不列颠群岛。

他们在英格兰定居，将凯尔特人驱逐到威尔士、苏格兰和爱尔兰。

(4) It was around 500 A.D., in the struggle against Cerdic, the founder of the kingdom of Wessex, that the Celtic King Arthur, a legendary figure, is said to have acquired his fame.大约在公元500年，在与威塞克斯王国创始人塞迪奇的斗争中，传说中的凯尔特王亚瑟获得了他的名声。

(5) Beginning from the later part of the 8th century, the Danes, or the Vikings, came to invade England, at first, along the eastern coast, but later they threatenedto overrun the whole country.在8世纪50年代初期，丹麦人又叫北欧海盗开始入侵英格兰，开始是东海岸，进而威胁到整个国家的统治。

Chapter III The Romantic Period ⼀、本章的学习⽬的和要求 通过本章的学习，了解浪漫主义⽂学的产⽣的历史，⽂化背景，认识该时期⽂学创作的基本特征，基本主张，及其对时代及后世英国⽂学⽤⾄⽂化的影响；了解该时期重要作家的⽂学⽣涯，创作思想，艺术特⾊及其代表作品的主题结构，⼈物刻画，语⾔风格，思想意义等；同时结合注释，读懂所选作品，了解其思想内容和写作特⾊，培养理解和欣赏⽂学作品的能⼒。

⼆、本章考核知识点及考核要求 （⼀）考核知识点 1.浪漫主义时期概述 1）浪漫主义时期英国社会的政治，经济，⽂化背景 2）浪漫主义⽂学创作的基本主张 3）英国浪漫主义⽂学的特⾊ 4）浪漫主义⽂学对同时代及后世英国⽂学的影响 2.浪漫主义时期主要作家的⽂学创作思想及其代表作品的主题结构，⼈物塑造，语⾔风格，艺术⼿法及社会意义等。

威廉.布莱克；威廉.华兹华斯；塞.特.科勒律治；乔治.⼽登.拜伦；珀.⽐.雪莱；约翰.济兹；简.奥斯汀 （⼆）考核要求 1.浪漫主义时期概述 1）识记：a.浪漫主义时期的界定 b.历史⽂化背景 2）领会：a.浪漫主义思潮的意义与影响。

b.浪漫主义⽂学创作的基本主张及对后世⽂学的影响。

、 3）应⽤：a.名词解释：浪漫主义 b.浪漫主义时期⽂学特点的分析 2.该时期的重要作家 1）识记：浪漫主义时期的重要作家，代表作品及其主要内容。

2）领会：重要作家的创作思想，艺术特⾊及其代表作品的主题结构，⼈物塑造，语⾔风格，社会意义等。

3）应⽤：a.浪漫派诗歌（所选作品）的主题，意象分析 b.⼩说《傲慢与偏见》的主题和主要⼈物的性格分析。

⼀、概述 1. ⼀般识记 English Romanticism English Romanticism, as a historical phase of literature, is generally said to have began in 1798 with the publication of Wordsworth & Coleridge''''s Lyrical Ballads & to have ended in 1832 with Sir Walter Scott''''s death & the passage of the first Reform Bill in the Parliament. 2. 识记 Historical & Cultural background During this period, England had experienced profound economic & social change. The biggest social change in English history was the transfer of large masses of the population from the countryside to the towns. As a result of the Enclosures & the agricultural mechanization, the peasants were driven of their land； some emigrated to the colonies； some sank to thelevel of farm laborers & many others drifted to the industrial towns where there was a growing demand for labor. But the new industrial towns were no better than jungles, where the law was "the survival of the fittest." The cruel economic exploitation caused large-scale workers'''' disturbances in England. 3. 领会 （1） Influences of the Romantic Movement Romanticism constitutes a change of direction from attention to the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit. In essence it designates a literary & philosophical theory which tends to see the individual as the very center of all life & all experience. It also places the individual at the center of art, making literature most valuable as an expression of this or her unique feelings & particular attitudes & valuing its accuracy in portraying the individual''''s experiences. （2） The Romantic views about literature a. The Romantic period is an age of poetry. Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley & Keats are the major Romantic poets. They started a rebellion against the neoclassical literature, which was later regarded as the poetic revolution. b. The Romantic period is also a great age of prose. The two major novelists of the Romantic period are Jane Austen & Walter Scott.c. Besides poetry & prose, there are quite a number of writers who have fried their hand at poetic dramas in this period. 4.应⽤ （1） Literary Terms a. The Romantic Movement It expressed a more or less negative attitude towards the existing social & political conditions that came with industrialization & the growing importance of the bourgeoisie. The Romantics felt that the existing society denied people their essential human needs, so they demonstrated a strong reaction against the dominant modes of thinking of the 18th-century writers & philosophers. Where their predecessors saw man as a social animal, the Romantics saw him essentially as an individual in the solitary state & emphasized the special qualities of each individual''''s mind. Romanticism actually constitutes a change of direction from attention to the outer. b. The Gothic novel It is a type of romantic fiction that predominated in the late 18th century & was one phase of the Romantic movement, its principal elements are violence, horror & the supernatural, which strongly appeal to the reader''''s emotion. With its descriptions of the dark, irrational side of human nature, the Gothic form has exerted a great influence over the writer of the Romantic period. Works like The Mysteries of Udolpho （1794） by Ann Radcliffe & Frankenstein （1818） by Mary Shelley are typical Gothic romance. （2） Characteristics of Romantic literature in English history. The Romantic period is an age of poetry Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley & Keats are the major Romantic poets. They started a rebellion against the neoclassical literature, which was later regarded as the poetic revolution. Wordsworth & Coleridge were the major representatives of this movement. They explored new theories & innovated new techniques in poetry writing. They saw poetry as a healing energy： they believed that poetry could purify both individual souls & the society. The Romantics not only extol the faculty of imagination, but also stress the concept of spontaneity & inspiration, regarding them as something crucial for true poetry. The natural world comes to the forefront of the poetic imagination. Nature is not only the major source of poetic imagery, but also provides the dominant subject matter. Wordsworth is the closest to nature. To escape from a world that had became excessively rational, as well as excessively materialistic & ugly, the Romantics would turn to other times & places, where the qualities they valued could be convincingly depicted. Romantics also tend to be nationalistic, defending the great poets & dramatists of their own national heritage against the advocates of classical rules who tended to glorify Rome & rational Italian & French neoclassical art as superior to the native traditions. To the Romantics, poetry should be free from all rules. They would turn to the humble people & their everyday life for subjects, Romantic writers are always seeking for the Absolute, the Ideal through the transcendence of the actual. They have also made bold experiments in poetic language, versification & design, & constructed a variety of forms on original principles of structure & style.。

第2章诺曼时期(1066～1350)一、选择题1. In 1066, _____, with his Norman army, succeeded in invading and defeating England.A. William the ConquerorB. Julius CaesarC. Alfred the GreatD. Claudius【答案】A【解析】1066年征服者威廉率领他的诺曼底军队打败英军成为英伦三岛的统治者。

2. Knights of the Round Table are characters serving _____ in legends, which depict chivalry in early literature. （北二外2007研）A. Sir LancelotB. Sir GodwinC. King ArthurD. King Henry Ⅷ【答案】C【解析】圆桌骑士是中世纪传说中亚瑟王宫廷里最高等的骑士，因聚会的桌子是圆桌而得名。

二、术语解释1. Romance（北外2011研）Key: ①It refers to a fictional story in verse or prose that relates improbable adventures of idealized characters in some remote or enchanted settings; or, more generally, a tendency in fiction opposite to that of realism. ②The term now embraces many forms of fiction from the Gothic novel and the popular escapist love story to the scientific romances of H.G. Wells, but it usually refers to the tales of King Arthu r’s knights written in the late Middle Ages. ③Medieval romance is distinguished from epic by its concerning on courtly love rather than warlike heroism. Later prose romances differ from novels in their preference for allegory and psychological exploration rather than realistic social observation, especially in American works like Nathaniel Hawthorn e’s The Blithedale Romance.2. Arthurian legendKey: It is a group of tales (in several languages) that developed in the Middle Ages concerning Arthur, semi-historical king of the Britons and his knights. The legend is a complex weaving of ancient Celtic mythology with later traditions around a core of possible historical authenticity.三、简答题What are the major subjects that the English romance mainly deals with?Key: The English romance mainly deals with three major subjects: the “Matter of France”, the “Matter of Rome”, and the “Matter of Britain”.①The “Matter of France” means a collection of tales about Charlemagne, the mighty ruler of France and neighboring countries around 800 A.D., and his peers and their wars against the Saracens.②The “Matter of Rome” covers everything from the ancient Romans a nd the Greeks. Alexander the Great, king of Macedonia and conqueror of Greece, Egypt, India and Persian Empire is the favorite hero of this group. Besides this, Trojan War is also dealt with in this group.③The “Matter of Britain” means the legendary histo ry of Britain. It mainly deals with the exploits of King Arthur and his knights.。

第7章18世纪(1688～1798)一、填空题1. Henry Fielding has been regarded as “_____”, for his contribution to the establishment of the form of the modern novel.（吉林大学2007研）【答案】Father of the English Novel【解析】亨利·菲尔丁被誉为“英国小说之父”。

2. Author: _____ Title: _____.（南京大学2007研）At other times, the like battles have been fought between the Yahoos of several neighborhoods, without any visible cause: those of one district watching all opportunities to surprise the next, before they are prepared. But if they find their project has miscarried, they return home, and, for want of enemies, engage in what I call a civil war among themselves.【答案】Jonathan Swift; Gullive r’s Travels【解析】题中文段节选自乔纳森的《格列佛游记》。

其通过幻想旅行中不可置信的奇遇和体验，及其尖锐地讽刺了英国统治者的腐败和愚行，无情地揭露了社会各领域的黑暗和罪恶。

3. Xury and Friday are characters in the novel entitled _____ written by _____.（大连外国语大学2008研）【答案】Robinson Crusoe, Daniel Defoe【解析】“Xury”和“Friday”是笛福的代表作《鲁宾逊漂流记》中的人物。

罗经国《新编英国⽂学选读》（第4版）教材-第3章乔叟时期（1350～1400）【圣才出品】第3章乔叟时期(1350～1400)3.1 复习笔记Ⅰ. Historical background（历史背景）Two important historical events happened during the century in which Chaucer lived and their influence can be detected in the writings of Chaucer and Langland. The first was the Hundred Years’ War between England and France, starting from the reign of Edward the Third (1327～1377) and ending during the reign of Henry the Sixth (1421～1471). It was a series of wars fought between the English kings and the French kings for the French throne. The second historical event was the peasant uprising of 1381, during the reign of King Richard the Second. This peasant uprising was the direct result of exploitation and oppression of the peasants by the feudal lords.在乔叟⽣活的年代，发⽣过两件⼤事，它们的影响⼒可以在乔叟和朗格兰的作品中见到。

第⼀件⼤事是英法百年战争，始于爱德华三世统治时期（1327～1377），终于亨利六世时期（1421～1471）。

罗经国《新编英国文学选读》（第4版）章节题库-第八章至第十章【圣才出品】第8章浪漫主义时期(1798～1832)一、填空题1.Prometheus Unbound,a lyrical drama in four acts,was written by_____.（大连外国语大学2008研）【答案】(Percy Bysshe)Shelley【解析】雪莱，全名为Percy Bysshe Shelley。

《解放了的普罗米修斯》是雪莱的著名诗剧，取材于古希腊罗马神话。

2.William_____based his poetic theory on the principle that“all good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of_____.”（天津外国语大学2011研）【答案】Wordsworth,powerful feeling【解析】William Wordsworth和Samuel Taylor Coleridge共同出版的Lyrical Ballads 《抒情歌谣集》标志着英国浪漫主义的开始。

题中句子属于序言中的引用，是William Wordsworth的浪漫主义的主要原则之一。

3.Author:_____.Title:_____.（南京大学2008研）Of vapours,from whose solid atmosphereBlack rain,and fire,and hail will burst:oh hear!【答案】Percy Bysshe Shelley;Ode to the West Wind【解析】题目节选自浪漫主义诗人雪莱的Ode to the West Wind （《西风颂》）。

4.Each literary movement can be seen as a strong reaction to the previous aesthetic principles.Romanticism in the history of English literature can be presented as a strong reaction to_____.（天津外国语大学2009研）【答案】neoclassicism【解析】浪漫主义重在打破新古典主义的桎梏，新古典主义强调理性，秩序和优雅的风趣，而浪漫主义则重在人的感情和自然美。

罗经国新编英国文学选读（最新版5篇）目录（篇1）一、罗经国与《新编英国文学选读》二、书籍内容概述1.选文时期范围2.选文作者及作品三、书籍特点1.系统性2.代表性3.权威性四、书籍价值1.考研考证参考价值2.文学研究价值3.教育教学价值五、总结正文（篇1）罗经国是一位在英国文学研究领域具有很高声誉的学者，他所编撰的《新编英国文学选读》是一本系统性、代表性、权威性的英国文学选读教材。

该书共分为上下两册，所选内容均为英国文学史上脍炙人口的经典作品，选文包括盎格鲁 - 撒克逊时期、诺曼时期、乔叟时期、15 世纪、文艺复兴、17 世纪、18 世纪等时期的英国文学作品。

如《贝奥武甫》《坎特伯雷故事集》、莎士比亚的《十四行诗》《威尼斯商人》《哈姆雷特》、弥尔顿的《失乐园》、笛福的《摩尔·弗兰德斯》、菲尔丁的《弃儿汤姆·琼斯的故事》等有关作品。

这本书具有很高的系统性，按照时间顺序排列，让读者能够清晰地了解英国文学的发展脉络。

同时，它还具有很强的代表性，所选作品均为各时期的典型代表作，让读者能够领略到英国文学的精髓。

在权威性方面，罗经国在编撰过程中引用了大量的文献资料，对文学作品进行了深入的剖析，使得这本书具有很高的学术价值。

《新编英国文学选读》不仅具有考研考证的参考价值，还对文学研究具有一定的价值。

此外，它还可以作为英国文学课程的教材，帮助学生更好地理解和掌握英国文学知识。

目录（篇2）1.罗经国与《新编英国文学选读》2.书籍内容概述3.罗经国的文学研究背景4.《新编英国文学选读》各版本的特点5.读者对《新编英国文学选读》的评价正文（篇2）罗经国是一位在英国文学研究领域具有深厚学术造诣的学者，他编写的《新编英国文学选读》旨在为读者呈现英国文学史上脍炙人口的经典作品，并引导读者深入了解英国文学的发展脉络。

《新编英国文学选读》共分为上下两册，所选内容涵盖了英国文学史上各个重要时期，如盎格鲁 - 撒克逊时期、诺曼时期、乔叟时期、15 世纪、文艺复兴、17 世纪、18 世纪等。

第4章15世纪(1400～1550)一、填空题1. The most magnificent prose work of the 15th century is Le Morte D’ Arthur concerning with _____ legend.【答案】Arthurian【解析】15世纪左右公认的集大成作品为《亚瑟王之死》，是关于亚瑟王的传奇故事。

2. The fifteenth century has been traditionally described as the barren age in English literature. But it is the spring tide of English _____.【答案】ballads【解析】十五世纪英国歌谣开始兴起。

二、选择题Robin Hood was written in the form of _____.（北二外2014研）A. free verseB. balladC. sonnetD. blank verse【答案】B【解析】罗宾汉是用歌谣的形式书写的。

三、术语解释1. Morality playKey:①A kind of religious drama popular in England, Scotland, France, and elsewhere in Europe in the 15th and early 16th centuries. ②Morality plays are dramatized allegories, in which personified virtues, vices, diseases, and temptations struggle for the soul of man as he travels from birth to death. ③They instill a simple message of Christian salvation, but often include comic scenes. The best-known is Everyman. They had a considerable influence on the development of Elizabethan drama.2. Ballad（厦门大学2012研）Key: ①A folk song or orally transmitted poems telling a direct dramatic manner some popular story usually derived from a tragic incident in local history or legend. The story is told simply, impersonally, and often with vivid dialogue. ②Ballads are normally composed in quatrains with vivid alternating fore-stress and three-stress lines, the second and fourth lines rhyming;. But some ballads are in couplet form, and some others have six-line stanzas. ③Appearing in many parts of Europe in the late Middle Ages, ballads flourished particularly strongly in Scotland from the 15th century onward. Since the 18th century, educated poets outside the folk-song tradition—notably Coleridge and Goethe—have written imitations of the popular balla d’s form and style: Coleridg e’s ‘Rime of the Ancient Marine r’ is a celebrated example.四、论述题What is the most important department of English folk literature? And make comments on its most famous cycle: the Robin Hood Ballads.Key: (1) The most important department of English folk literature is the ballad. A ballad is a story told in song, usually in quatrains with alternating four-stress and three-stress lines, the second and fourth lines rhyming. When it was chanted by ball-assigners, the audience joined in a refrain which usually followed each stanza. They are mainly the literature of the peasants, and in them one is able to understand the outlook of the English common people in feudal society.The subject of ballads are various in kind, as the struggle of young lovers against their feudal-minded families, the conflict between love and wealth, the cruelty of jealousy, the criticism of the civil war, and the matters of class struggle.(2) The most famous cycle of English ballads centers on the stories about a legendary outlaw called Robin Hood. Robin Hood, a legendary popular hero, is depicted in the ballads as a valiant outlaw, famous in archery, living under the greenwood tree with his merry men, taking from the rich and giving to the poor, waging war against bishops and archbishops, and constantly hunted by the sheriffs, whom he constantly outwits.Clearly the historical origin of Robin Hood and his band of outlaws is to be found in the perpetual struggles of the peasants against the landlords, against the local officials and against the king’s judges. Robin Hood is a partly historical and partly legendary character.The character of Robin Hood is many-sided. Strong, brave and clever, he is at the same time tender-hearted and affectionate. But the dominant Key in his character is his hatred for the cruel oppressors and his love for the poor and downtrodden. Robin Hood appears to be devout and orthodox in religion. Another feature of Robin’s view is his reverence for the king. The king appears in the ballads as an intermediary between the outlaws and his officials and judges, as the humorous and understanding guest in the greenwood, feasting on his own stolen deer. In spite of this, the Robin Hood ballads show the fighting spirit, indomitable courage and revolutionary energy of the English peasantry.（此题分两部分作答，第一部分主要分析什么是歌谣以及歌谣的写作主题；第二部分主要分析Robin Hood 的主要内容，主题和Robin Hood的形象。

第10章20世纪10.1 复习笔记Ⅰ. Historical background（历史背景）1. The Two World Wars（两次世界大战）The two World Wars were the direct result of the conflicts between rival imperialist countries and their ambition to dominate the world。

世界上主要敌对帝国主义国家之间争夺世界霸权的斗争直接导致了两次世界大战的发生。

2. The Trends of Literature（文学的主要趋势）(1) Modernism现代主义(2) The Angry Young Men愤怒的青年(3) The Theatre of the Absurd荒诞派戏剧Ⅱ. Modernism（现代主义）1. General Understanding of Modernism（对现代主义的整体理解）(1) Modernism is a rather vague term which is used to apply to the works of a group of poets, novelists, painters, and musicians between1910 and the early yearsafter the World War Ⅱ.现代主义是一个比较模糊的概念，指的是在1910年至第二次世界大战之间的一批诗人、小说家、画家、音乐家的作品。

(2) Alienation and loneliness are the basic themes of modernism. In the eyes of modernist writers, the modern world is a chaotic one and is incomprehensible. Although modern society is materially rich, it is spiritually barren. It is a land of spiritual and emotional sterility.孤立与孤独是现代主义的基本主题。

专业课复习指导(20’)1. 复习资料使用说明（参考书目和真题）参考书一共是4本，都是应对英语专业知识考试用的，其中一本是《英美文化基础教程》，对应的考题是英美概况，文学方面有两本参考书，一本是《英国文学作品选读》，另一本是《美国文学欣赏》，语言学方面有一本参考书，《简明英语语言学教程》。

下面给大家详细地讲讲参考书目的使用方法。

《英美文化基础教程》编得比较繁琐，看过一遍后觉得什么都是重点，什么都不是重点，让人摸不着头脑，这就是这本书的不好之处，但是它有课后题，这些题目一定要做，答案在相应的章节都能找到，虽然在近几年都没出过原题，但是这些课后题的知识点还是要掌握的。

这本书还有配套的《英美文化基础教程学习手册》，上面列的东西比较清晰，大家不妨买来看看。

但是，掌握了这本书，要应对考试却远远不够，下面推荐几个我觉得不错的书，大家可以买来看看：1.《英美概况》来安方编，河南人民出版社。

我考研时一个学姐推荐我看这本书的，觉得还不错。

2. 《英美概况(上下)》张奎武，吉林科学技术出版社。

3. 《新编英美概况教程(第2版)》周波麟、C.W.Pollard、June Almes 北京大学出版社(2009-04出版) 4. 《你不可不知道的英语学习背景知识:英美民间故事与民俗(新版)》，郝澎，南海出版公司。

这是一套书，由好几册书组成，内容很多，里面有很多小故事，因为是我们系出这个英美概况题目的老师郝澎编写的，所以我们考研时就把这套书都翻了一遍。

两本文学方面的书都比较薄，里面选择的作家和名篇较少，但就是因为少，所以才凸显了这些出现的名家名篇都是重点中的重点，每个时期前的介绍都要好好看，文学有些选择题会出自这一块，比如讲英国浪漫主义时期前，前面会有一段历史方面的介绍，这部分一定要仔细地看。

掌握了这两本书，要应对考试也还是远远不够的，所以下面我再推荐几本书，以便大家复习：1. 《新编英国文学选读(上，下)》罗经国，北京大学出版社。

五、浪漫主义时期文学（1798-1832）Chapter Five The Romantic Period (1798 - 1832)Ⅰ. Social BackgroundEnglish Romanticism, as a historical phase of literature, is generally said to have began in 1798 with the publication of Wordsworth & Coleridge's Lyrical Ballads, and to have ended in 1832 with Sir Walter Scott's death.During this period, England had experienced profound economic & social change. The biggest social change in English history was the transfer of large masses of the population fro m the countryside to the towns. As a result of the Enclosures & the agricultural mechanization, the peasants were driven of their land；some emigrated to the colonies; some sank to the level of farm laborers and many others drifted to the industrial towns where there was a growing demand for labor. But the new industrial towns were no better than jungles, where the law was "the survival of the fittest." The cruel economic exploitation caused large-scale workers’ disturbances in England.Ⅱ. Literary CharacteristicsDuring this period there was a broad shift of emphasis in literature and art, away from the structured, intellectual, reasoned approach of the 18th century towards ways of looking at the world which recognized the importance of the emotions and imagination. This shift is called Romanticism. Generally speaking, the English Romanticism has the following characteristics:An emphasis on the emotions;Exploring the relationship between nature and human life;A stress on the importance of personal experiences and a desire to understand what influences the human mind;A belief in the power of the imagination;An interest in mythological, fantastical, Gothic and supernatural themes; Emphasis on rural life;Focus on individual, private, subjective and spontaneous expression;An emphasis on the sublime;The use of natural dictionsThe poetry:The Romantic period is an age of poetry. William Blake(威廉姆·布雷克), William Wordsworth(威廉姆·华兹华斯), Samuel Taylor Coleridge(柯尔律治), George Gordon Byron(拜伦), Percy Bysshe Shelley(雪莱) and John Keats(济慈) are the major Romantic poets. They started a rebellion against the neoclassical literature, which was later regarded as the poetic revolution.They explored new theories and new techniques in poetry writing. They saw poetry as a healing energy(治疗的良方), they believed that poetry could purify both individual souls and the society(净化个人的灵魂和社会).The novels:On the achievements of the Romantic period novels are mainly reflected in the innovation of content and subject. There are mainly two kinds of novels in this period: Gothic novel and historical novel. The main novelists are Walter Scott(瓦尔特·司各特), Jane Austen(简·奥斯丁) and Mary Shelly(玛丽·雪莱).The prose:Though the prose of this period is hardly as important as the poetry, it is yet remarkable for its abundance and variety. A few general features may be noticed. First, the great amount of miscellaneous prose; second, the rise of the great periodicals; third, the essay flourished owing to the freer opportunities afforded by the new journals; fourth, prose style underwent an interesting development. Main prose writers: Charles Lamb(查尔斯·兰姆), William Hazlitt(威廉姆·哈兹利特), Thomas DE Quincey(德•昆西).Terms:“The Romantic Movement”(浪漫主义运动):It expressed a more or less negative attitude towards the existing social & political conditions that came with industrialization & the growing importance of the bourgeoisie. The Romantics felt that the existing society denied people their essential human needs, so they demonstrated a strong reaction against the dominant modes of thinking of the 18th-century writers & philosophers. Where their predecessors saw man as a social animal, the Romantics saw him essentially as an individual in the solitary state & emphasized the special qualities of each individual's mind. Romanticism actually constitutes a change of direction from attention to the outer.“The Gothic novel” (哥特式小说):It is a type of romantic fiction that predominated in the late 18th century & was one phase of the Romantic Movement; its principal elements are violence, horror & the supernatural, which strongly appeal to the reader's emotion. With its descriptions of the dark, irrational side of human nature, the Gothic form has exerted a great influence over the writer of the Romantic period. Works like Frankenstein (1818) by Mary Shelley are typical Gothic romance.Lake Poets(湖畔派诗人)The Lake Poets all lived in the Lake District of England at the turn of the 19th century. As a group, they followed no single "school" of thought or literary practice then known, although their works were uniformly disparaged by the Edinburgh Review. They are considered part of the Romantic Movement. The three main figures of what has become known as the Lake School were William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and Robert Southey. They were associated with several other poets and writers, including Dorothy Wordsworth, Charles Lloyd, Hartley Coleridge, John Wilson, and Thomas De Quincey. The beauty of the Lake Districthas also inspired many other poets over the years, beyond the core Lake Poets.Ⅲ . Major Writers and Their WorksPoets:William Wordsworth(威廉姆·华兹华斯)(1770-1850)In the history of English literature William Wordsworth stands for dominant ideas in poetry, the poetry of nature and the poetry of simplicity. He devoted his genius and his life to the working out of these two theories. He focused on nature, children, the poor and the common people, and used ordinary words to express his personal feelings. He was the first English poet who started the English Romantic Movement in collaboration with Coleridge with their collection Lyrical Ballads in 1798. He was also the leader of Lake Poets.His works:Tintern Abbey丁登寺旁“I wandered lonely as a cloud”我似游云天上飘抒情短诗“The Solitary Reaper”孤独的割麦女抒情短诗Preface to The Lyrical Ballads《抒情诗歌谣集》序言浪漫主义开始的标志The Lyrical Ballads抒情诗歌谣集Lucy Gray《露西》组诗The Prelude序曲自传体长诗Poems 诗集George Gordon Lord Byron(乔治·戈登·拜伦)(1788-1824)Byron may be taken as typical of the spirit of general revolt. He was one of the leading figures in Romanticism.As a leading Romanticist, Byron’s chief contribution is his creation of the “Byronic hero”(拜伦式英雄), a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin. Such a hero appears first in Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage, and then further developed in later works such as The Oriented Tales, Manfred, and Dan Juan in different guises.His works:Hours of Idleness闲暇的时刻诗集“She Walks in Beauty”她在美中行走Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage恰尔德·哈罗尔德游记纪游诗集Cain该隐诗剧Manfred曼弗雷德诗剧The Vision of Judgment审判的幻影政治讽刺诗Don Juan唐璜“讽刺史诗”Percy Bysshe Shelley(珀西·比希·雪莱)(1792-1822)Shelley was one of the famous Romantic poets in English literary history. As an idealistic and prophetic Romantic, he was one of the best English lyrical poets. His passionate search for personal love and social justice, his belief in human perfectibility and his radical and unconventional social, political philosophy distinguish him as the greatest idealist among the Romantic poets.His works:Queen Mab麦布女王第一首长诗The Revolt of Islam 伊斯兰的起义叙事长诗Prometheus Unbound 解放了的普罗米修斯四幕诗剧The Cenci 钦契一家诗剧“The Cloud”云抒情诗“To a Skylark”至云雀抒情诗“Ozymandias”奥西曼迭斯“Ode to the West Wind”西风颂抒情诗John Keats(约翰·济慈)(1795-1821)Keats was one of the greatest English poets and a major figure in the Romantic Movement. He learned the art of poetry from the poets of the English Renaissance. The artistic aim in his poetry was always to create a beautiful world in all of his poems. His leading principle is “Beauty is truth, truth beauty.” Some of his poems touch upon the burning political problems of his day. He showed his dissatisfaction with the capitalist society and described the sufferings of the poor people.His works：“On First Looking into Chapman’s Homer”初读查普曼译荷马史诗有感十四行诗“Bright Star”灿烂的星“Isabella”伊莎贝拉“Ode to Indolence”惰颂“Ode to a Nightingale”夜莺颂“Ode on a Grecian Urn”希腊古瓮颂“Ode to Autumn”秋颂Novelist：Walter Scott(瓦尔特·司各特)(1771-1832)Sir Walter Scott was a Scottish historical novelist. He created and popularized historical novels in a series called the Waverly Novels. A historical novel(历史小说) is one that has as its setting a period of history and that attempts to convey the spirit, manners, and social conditions of a past age with realistic details. Despite of his commonly acknowledged flaws of ponderousness, prolixity and lack of humor, Scott is now seen as an important innovator and an important figure in the development of Scottish literature for inventing the modern historical novel.Sir Walter Scott was the one spectacular literary genius in English literary history that was engaged in two departments of literature and achieved great success in both. In the early phase of his career, he wrote poetry and became the most widely read poet of his day. Then in the last two decades he turned his attention to novel writing and fathered the historical novel proper in England and Europe.His works:The Lay of the Last Minstrel末代行吟诗人之歌长诗Marmion玛密恩长诗The Lady of the Lake湖上夫人长诗Waverly 威弗利第一部历史小说The Heart of Midlothian中洛辛郡的心脏苏格兰小说Rob Roy 罗伯·罗伊小说Ivanhoe 艾凡赫历史小说代表作Jane Austen(简·奥斯丁)(1775-1817)She has been considered one of the major English novelists since the 20th century. Her novels are domestic comedies, but she wrote in an objective, realistic manner. Classics are those pieces of literature that continue to please all and always long after they were created and tend to have universal themes. Austen’s writing has been read generation after generation and made into films and TV series and this will continue to be.Her works:(6部小说)Pride and Prejudice傲慢与偏见第2部小说代表作Sense and Sensibility 理智与情感早期作品第一部小说Mansfield Park 曼斯菲尔德庄园Emma 爱玛Northanger Abbey 诺桑觉寺Persuasion 劝导最后一部小说Prose writers:Charles Lamb(查尔斯·兰姆)(1775-1834)Charles Lamb was one of the oddities of English Literature. The personal theme is typical of Lamb’s methods. He starts with all manner of subjects, but no matter what his theme is, he generally diverges into some personal incident or opinion. The style of Lamb is old-fashioned, with reminiscences of Elizabethan writers. His vocabulary is often archaic; and so are his sentences, which tend to become involved. His style is also scholarly and bookish.His works:Essays of Elia 伊利亚随笔Last Essays of Elia 伊利亚随笔二集Tales from Shakespeare 莎士比亚故事儿童读物Ⅴ.Other Writers and Their WorksPoets:William Blake(威廉姆·布雷克)(1757-1827)Literarily Blake was the first important romantic poet, showing contempt for the rule of reason, opposite the classical tradition of the 18th century, and treasuring the individual's imagination. Black wrote his poems in plain and direct language. He presented his view in visual images rather that abstract ideas. Symbolism in wide range is a distinctive feature of his poetry.His works:Songs of Innocence天真之歌诗集Songs of Experience经验之歌诗集“T he Tiger”老虎“London”伦敦Samuel Taylor Coleridge(塞缪尔•泰勒•柯勒律治)(1772-1834)He was a poet and critic and started the English Romantic Movement together with William Wordsworth. Coleridge is now regarded as one of the most intellectual Romantics. His poetry and critical writing are studied throughout the world. His influence is “as varied as it is immense”. His works:“Christabel”克里斯特贝尔“Kubla Khan”忽必烈汗The Rime of the Ancient Mariner 古舟子咏长诗音乐叙事诗Biographia Literaria 文学传记文学理论The Lyrical Ballads 抒情歌谣集和华兹华斯合作Novelist：Mary Shelly(玛丽·雪莱)(1797-1851)She was an English Romantic and Gothic novelist. Mary situates good and evil as a psychological battle within human nature. Her novel successfully manipulates the conventions of the genre, replacing the stock Gothic villain with morally ambiguous characters who reflect the depth and complexities of the human psyche.Her works:Frankenstein弗兰肯斯坦又名The Modern Prom etheus《现代的普罗米修斯》或者《科学怪人》科幻恐怖小说哥特式小说Valperga瓦尔波加The Last Man最后一个人Rambles in Germany and Italy 德国意大利游记Prose writers:William Hazlitt(威廉姆·哈兹利特)(1778-1830)William Hazlitt may be taken as one of the best of the men of letters of this time. he was an able, conscientious and hard-working critic of literature, whose great ability was unfortunately clouded by his quarrelsome temper.His works:Characters of Shakespeare’s Plays莎士比亚剧中人物论Table Talk 闲谈集The Spirit of the Age 时代的精神Imaginary Conversations 幻想的会话Thomas DE Quincey(托马斯·德·昆西)(1785-1859)In the case of DE Quincey, we see the prevailing revolt among literary men passing into extremes.His works:Confessions of an English Opium-Eater 一个英国鸦片服用者的自白。