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会考复习——倒装句、强调句、省略句I 倒装英语最基本的词序“主语部分+谓语部分”通常⼗分固定。
如果把谓语动词放在主语前⾯，这就叫做倒装。
将谓语动词完全移⾄主语之前，称为完全倒装；如果只是把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前，称为部分倒装。
⼀、全部倒装1．以here， there， now，then开头的句⼦,谓语动词要放在句⼦的主语之前。
这种句⼦中的谓语动词通常是不及物动词。
如：Here comes the train！There goes the bell！注意：如果句⼦的主语是⼈称代词，则不能使⽤倒装结构。
如：Here it comes！／There it goes！2．有些动词短语以副词out，in，up，down，away等结尾，构成不及物动词短语。
这时，为了使句⼦更形象，常将这些副词提前到句⾸。
这时，句中的谓语动词要放在句⼦主语的前⾯，构成全部倒装。
（注意，这时句⼦的主语也必须是名词。
如果是⼈称代词，也不能使⽤倒装结构。
）如：Up went the rocket．Up it went．3．为了强调表⽰地点的介词短语，常将这个介词短语放在句⾸，构成全部倒装。
注意，这时句⼦的谓语动词通常是不及物动词。
如：In the front of the lecture hall sat the speaker．4．表语置于句⾸，且主语较长或结构较复杂的句⼦要⽤全部倒装。
如：Gone are the days when we had nothing to eat．5. There be 句型在There+助动词/情态动词+be+主语+地点/时间的句型中，主语在谓语be动词后⾯，因此这是倒装。
There is a mobile phone and some books on the desk. 桌上有⼀个⼿机和⼀些书。
There are thousands of people gathering on the square. ⼴场上聚集着成千上万的⼈。
专题十四强调句和省略句一、强调句句型1．陈述句的强调句型：It is / was ＋被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)＋that / who(当强调主语且主语指人)＋其他部分。
It was on the party that he met one of his old friends.2．一般疑问句的强调句型：同上，只是把is / was提到it前面。
Was it on the party that he met one of his old friends?3．特殊疑问句的强调句型：被强调部分(通常是疑问代词或疑问副词)＋is / was ＋it ＋that / who ＋其他部分？When and where was it that you were born?I met the film star—Jackie Chan at Beijing Airport yesterday.强调主语：It was I (that / who) met the film star—Jackie Chan at Beijing Airport yesterday.强调宾语：It was the film star—Jackie Chan that / who I met at Beijing Airport yesterday.强调地点状语：It was at Beijing Airport that I met the film star—Jackie Chan yesterday.强调时间状语：It was yesterday that I met the film star—Jackie Chan at Beijing Airport.注意：构成强调句的it本身没有词义；强调句中的连接词一般只用that和who，即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此，that和who不可省略；强调句中的时态通常用两种：一般现在时和一般过去时。
年级高二学科英语编稿老师李敏英课程标题核心句法（五）特殊句式——强调、倒装、省略一校林卉二校黄楠审核赵梅红英语特殊句式是高考重点热点之一，主要考查的内容有以下几个方面：1. 强调句型与其他从句的区别。
2. 全部倒装和部分倒装的特有句式，比如not until…, so… that, not only… but also等结构的倒装句式。
3. 各种省略句式，比如，各种从句中的省略现象、不定式的省略结构等。
英语特殊句式的考查题型可以是单选、完形、改错、阅读表达当中的翻译。
英语特殊句式掌握得好对阅读和写作具有重要意义。
一、知识精讲1. 强调句强调句型是中学阶段所学过的比较重要的句型之一，也是高考的重点和热点之一。
其基本结构是：It is（was）＋被强调部分＋that／who＋句子的其它成分。
英语中许多句子常可以通过强调句型对句子的不同成分进行强调。
【例句】Mike and Mary helped the old man several days ago.It was Mike and Mary that / who helped the old man several days ago.It is Mary and Tom who often do good deeds．It was in today’s newspaper that we found the news．状元典例1— Were all three people in the car injured in the accident?— No, ______ only the two passengers who got hurt.A. there wereB. it wereC. there wasD. it was答案：D思路分析：本题考查的是强调句式。
强调句式由“it is/was + 被强调部分+that/who…”构成。
题意“只有两个乘客受了伤”；如果选A，句意“只有两个受伤的乘客”，答非所问。
第十三章强调句、It的用法、省略和插入语一、强调句考点1. 强调句句型1、陈述句的强调句型：It is/ was + 被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+ that/ who（当强调主语且主语指人）+ 其它部分。
e.g. It was yesterday that he met Li Ping.2、一般疑问句的强调句型：同上，只是把is/ was 提到it前面。
e.g. Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping?3、特殊疑问句的强调句型：被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其它部分？e.g. When and where was it that you were born?4、强调句例句：针对I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.句子进行强调。
强调主语：It was I that (who) met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.强调宾语：It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday.强调地点状语：It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.强调时间状语：It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.5、注意：构成强调句的it本身没有词义；强调句中的连接词一般只用that, who，即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此，that, who不可省略；强调句中的时态只用两种，一般现在时和一般过去时。
原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时，用It was … ，其余的时态用It is … 。
倒装、强调和省略倒装Inversion英语的一般语序(自然语序Natural Order)为：主语+ 谓语动词+ 宾语（或表语）+ (状语等附加成分)。
有时为了语法上或修辞上的需要而改变这种语序。
一、语法倒装1. 句首是由某些表示地点状语的副词开头，或者方位副词、介词短语放在句首时，主谓全部倒装(Full Inversion)。
比如：here, back, down, off, in, up，hence, then, thus, often, so，out, up, away, on等，通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时，谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。
主语为主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。
Here is your letter. 这是你的信。
Down came the rain. 下雨了。
Hence comes the name magnet. 由此得名“磁铁”。
Into the sky went the plane. 飞机飞向天空。
Away went the girl to the school! 这个女孩到学校去了！Off goes the woman! 那个女人走了！2. 以there开头，表示“….有….”, “There+be+主语”结构；在正式文体中，当主语不明确是一个很长的名词短语时，用“there+不及物动词+主语”结构。
There are more important matters we need to discuss.我们有很多重要的事情需要讨论。
There entered a strange little man.走进来一个奇怪而身材矮小的人。
3. 主语+ live, stand, lie, sit 等动词+（介词）地点状语的结构中常采用倒装语序。
正常语序：An old temple stands at the top of the hill.倒装语序：At the top of the hill stands an old temple.山顶上有座古庙。
特殊句式(强调句型、省略、反意疑问句及其他)强调强调句的基本句型是“It is/was＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋其他部分”。
被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。
强调句型的使用特点主要有以下几个方面：(1)被强调的是状语或状语从句时，要用that引导从句，而不能用which，而且通常不能省略。
It was in the park that I met him.我是在公园里遇到他的。
It was in 1964 that the first telephone satellite was set up by the Group of 17 Countries.17国集团发射第一颗电话卫星是在1964年。
(2)被强调的是人时，引导词可用who，也可用that。
Was it you that/who let out the secret to her?是你把这个秘密泄露给她的吗？注意：当被强调的是主语时，代词要用主格形式。
It was I who put forward the theory first.是我最先提出这个理论的。
(3)被强调的不管是单数还是复数名词，主句的be动词都用单数is或was。
实用文档It was Madame Curie and her husband who discovered radium.是居里夫人和她的丈夫发现了镭。
It is the PLA men who/that are safeguarding our country day and night.是解放军战士日夜保卫着我们的祖国。
(4)对not...until时间状语从句进行强调时，其句型是：It is/was not until...that从句，即not和until在强调句中总是紧挨着的。
注意习惯上不用not till，而且从句不能用when引导。
It was not until the last operation was finished that Bethune left the battle hospital.直到做完最后一个手术白求恩才离开战地医院。
语法复习五：强调句、It的用法、省略和插入语一、强调句（一）强调句句型1、陈述句的强调句型：It is/ was + 被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+ that/ who （当强调主语且主语指人）+ 其它部分。
e.g. It was yesterday that he met Li Ping.2、一般疑问句的强调句型：同上，只是把is/ was提到it前面。
e.g. Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping?3、特殊疑问句的强调句型：被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其它部分？e.g. When and where was it that you were born?4、强调句例句：针对I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.句子进行强调。
强调主语：It was I that (who) met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.强调宾语：It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday.强调地点状语：It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.强调时间状语：It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.5、注意：构成强调句的it本身没有词义；强调句中的连接词一般只用that, who，即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此，that, who不可省略；强调句中的时态只用两种，一般现在时和一般过去时。
原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时，用It was … ，其余的时态用It is … 。
特殊句式在写作中的运用之强调句、省略句、全部倒装写作是需要刻意练习的。
想要在这个占全卷总分近17%（旧高考）或27%（新高考）的大题型上有所突破，除了做到“紧扣主题，基本覆盖所有要点，多数句子基本正确，基本达到预期写作目的”之外，还需要“语法结构多样，词汇丰富，句型句式精彩”。
事实上在能写对句子的前提下，恰当适量运用高级词汇和多样化的句式表达，那么达到优秀还是大有可为的。
特殊句式之强调句在写作中的运用：句式：It is / was + 被强调部分（主语、宾语或状语）+ that + 其他强调句微写作练习：1.正是王老师挖掘出了我最好的一面。
（人物介绍话题写作；感谢信）2.我们谴责的正是这些不文明行为。
（倡议书）3.正是参观了这个展览，我才意识到垃圾分类的重要性。
（环保话题写作）4.就是在你的帮助下，我的英语口语才取得了极大的进步。
（感谢信）5.我就是在哈尔滨学会了滑雪。
（记叙文）6.就是这样做，我们才能减少环境污染。
（倡议书；建议信）强调句微写作参考答案：1.It was Miss Wang that/who brought my best out.2.It is these bad behaviors that we are supposed to blame.3.It was not until I saw the exhibition that I realized the importance of garbage classification.4.It was because you helped me that I made great progress in oral English. [= It was with your help that I ....]5.It was in Harbin that I learned skiing.6.It is in this way that we can reduce environmental pollution. [= It is by doing like this that we can ....]省略句微写作练习：1.2022冬奥会如期在北京召开了。
语法复习五：强调句、It的用法、省略和插入语一、强调句（一）强调句句型1、陈述句的强调句型：It is/ was + 被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+ that/ who （当强调主语且主语指人）+ 其它部分。
e.g. It was yesterday that he met Li Ping.2、一般疑问句的强调句型：同上，只是把is/ was提到it前面。
e.g. Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping?3、特殊疑问句的强调句型：被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其它部分？e.g. When and where was it that you were born?4、强调句例句：针对I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.句子进行强调。
强调主语：It was I that (who) met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.强调宾语：It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday.强调地点状语：It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.强调时间状语：It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.5、注意：构成强调句的it本身没有词义；强调句中的连接词一般只用that, who，即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此，that, who不可省略；强调句中的时态只用两种，一般现在时和一般过去时。
原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时，用It was … ，其余的时态用It is … 。
（二）not … until … 句型的强调句1、句型为：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分+ that + 其它部分e.g. 普通句：He didn’t go to bed until/ till his wife came back.强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.2、注意：此句型只用until，不用till。
但如果不是强调句型，till, until可通用；因为句型中It is/ was not … 已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。
（三）谓语动词的强调1、It is/ was … that … 结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do/ does或did。
e.g. Do sit down. 务必请坐。
He did write to you last week. 上周他确实给你写了信。
Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！2、注意：此种强调只用do/ does和did ，没有别的形式；过去时用did ，后面的谓语动词用原形。
二、It的用法（一）作人称代词1、it代替前面（或后面）的单数名词或分句等所表示的事物。
e.g. You cannot eat your cake but have it.（it代替前面的cake）Although we cannot see it, there is air all around us. （it代替后面的air）They say he has left town, but I don’t believe it. （it代替前面They…town分句中的情况）2、代替有生命但不能或不必分阴阳性的东西（包括婴儿）。
e.g. Yesterday we saw a big tree. It was fully twenty metres high. （it代替前面的tree）The baby cried because it was hungry. （it代替前面的baby）3、在某些习惯说法中，可以代替人。
e.g. ---- Someone is knocking at the door, Peter. ---- Who is it? ---- It’s me.---- Who are singing? ---- It is the children.---- The light is still on in the lab. It must be the third-year students doing the experiment.4、it与one的区别：这两个词都可以代表前面说过的名词，但it用于同名同物的场合；one则用于同名异物的场合。
e.g. ---- Do you still have the bicycle? ---- No, I have sold it.---- Is this knife yours? ---- No. It is Xiao Zhang’s. Mine is the one on the desk.5、it与that的区别：两词都可代替某一特定名词，但that指同一类，并非同一个。
e.g. The climate of South China is mild（温和的）; I like it very much.（it指the climate of South China）The climate of South China is much better than that of Japan.（that指the climate）（二）作无人称代词it作无人称代词时，除了句中找不到它所代表的词语外，另一个特点是它后面的内容都是表示天气、时间、距离、度量衡及情况等。
It is fine (rainy, windy, etc.).It is noon.It is a half hour’s walk to the factory.It is eighteen square metres in area.What does it matter?（三）作强调词，构成强调结构用以帮助改变句子结构，使句子的某一成分受到强调。
“It is (was) + 所强调的成分+ that (who) + 其它成分。
”在这个句型中，it本身没有词义。
详见“一、强调句”。
（四）引导词it作形式主语（宾语）为了使句子平衡，常采用形式主语（或宾语）it ，而把真正的主语（或宾语）置于句子后面。
通常引导词it与它所代替的句子成分中间要夹有某些词。
e.g. It takes half an hour to go there on foot.（It与to go there on foot之间夹有takes half an hour四个词）We thought it strange that Mr Smith did not come last night. （it与that从句中间夹有strange）但有时it与所替代部分之间并不夹有其它词。
e.g. You may depend on it that they will support you.（因为介词on之后一般不直接接that引导的宾语从句。
注意：it不是多余的，不能当作错句）练习一、强调句、It的用法1. My bike is missing. I can’t find ____ anywhere.A. oneB. onesC. itD. that2. ---- Who’s that?---- ____ Professor Li.A. That’sB. It’sC. He’sD. This’s3. ____ was Jane that I saw in the library this morning.A. ItB. HeC. SheD. That4. ---- Have you ever seen a whale alive? ---- Yes, I’ve seen ____.A. thatB. itC. suchD. one5. The color of my coat is different from ____ of yours.A. thisB. thatC. itD. one6. ____ will do you good to do some exercise every morning.A. ItB. ThereC. ThoseD. You7. We think ____ our duty to pay taxes to our government.A. thatB. thisC. itsD. it8. The climate of Shanghai is better than ____ of Nanjing.A. thatB. itC. whichD. what9. ____ four years since I joined the Army.A. There wasB. There isC. It wasD. It is10. How long ____ to finish the work?A. you’ll takeB. you’ll take itC. will it take youD. will take you11. It was through Xiao Li ____ I got to know Xiao Wang.A. whoB. whomC. howD. that12. It was in the rice fields ____ we had our league meeting.A. whereB. thatC. in whichD. on which13. It was on October 1st ____ new China was founded.A. whichB. whenC. asD. that14. Was it because he was ill ____ he asked for leave?A. andB. thatC. that’sD. so15. Mary speaks in a low voice; ____ is difficult to know what she is saying.A. itB. thatC. soD. she16. It was ____ I met Mr Green in Shanghai.A. many years thatB. many years beforeC. many years ago thatD. many years when17. ____ is not everybody ____ can draw so well.A. It, allB. It, thatC. There, whoD. There, that18. So ____ that no fish can live in it.A. shallow is the lakeB. the lake is shallowC. shallow the lake isD. is the lake shallow三、省略为了使讲话和行文简洁，句中某些成分有时可省略。
