高三英语一轮复习语法精讲:-强调句和省略句
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高考英语近三年真题语法精讲精练:专题9-省略句和强调句-CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN专题省略句和强调句一、省略考点一不定式中的省略1.感官动词或使役动词(feel,notice,see,hear,let,make,have等)后接不定式作宾语补足语时常省略to。
I heard my father sing in the kitchen.2.在由and或or连接的并列不定式结构中常省略后面的to。
I want to finish my homework and go home.3.在某些形容词(如:glad,happy,pleased等)后面时常保留to而省略上文已提到的动词原形。
—Will you join us in the game?—I'd be glad to.4.在do nothing but,can't help but,why not,would rather...than...,had better等句型中省略to。
The little boy could do nothing but cry.5.to后的内容常承前省略(只保留to即可)。
但如果承前省略的不定式中有have或be的任何形式,后应该保留原形be或have。
Susan is not what she used to be.考点二定语从句中的省略1.在限制性定语从句中,如果关系代词that,which,whom作从句中的宾语,可将关系代词省略。
Do you know the man (whom) our teacher spoke to?2.先行词the way(关系词作状语),time(次数)后的定语从句常省略关系词。
I don't like the way(in which/that) he spoke to others.I can't remember how many times (that)I have failed.考点三状语从句中的省略1.当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致且从句谓语动词含有be时,可省略状语从句的主语和be动词。
强调句③did用于对实义动词一般过去时肯定句的强调。
It is (was) +被强调部分+that(who)…句型的变式It is (was) + 被强调部分+that(who)…句式基本特征:Is/ Was it +被强调部分+that…;或情态动词+it+ be+被强调部分+ that…①Was it in 1969 ________ the American astronautssucceeded _______ landing on the moon ?A. when; onB. that; onC. when; inD.that; in②Could it be in the restaurant in ______ you haddinner with me yesterday ______ you lost yourhandbag?A. that; whichB. which; thatC. where; thatD. that; where特殊疑问句形式句式基本特征:特殊疑问词+is/was it that…?或特殊疑问词+情态动词+it+be++被强调部分+that…—_______is it _______has made Peter _______heis today?—Determination.A. What; that; thatB. That; that; whatC. What; what; thatD. What; that; what反意疑问句形式句式基本特征:It is/was+被强调部分+that…,isn’t/ wasn’t it?It was Alice and her boyfriend who sent the old manto the hospital, ______?A. do theyB. didn’t theyC. wasn’t itD.was it强调句与其它句型的结合与名词从句的结合句式特征为:整个强调句型用作名词性从句或者在强调句型中含有名词性从句。
■十二、特殊句式(省略,倒装,强调)//////・近几年高考对有关特殊句式的考查内容知识性增强,除原先的考查热点一倒装和强调句外,省略一些新的考点出现。
我们应该加强特殊句式,特别是倒装句和强调句的练习。
注意理解、研究试题,在实践中体验。
■(―)倒装//〃〃希点扫遇〃〃“・考点一完全倒装■谓语动词完全搬到主语之前的句子,便是完全倒装句。
这类句型主要有两种:■ 1.表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语,如:here, there, now, then, up, down, in ,away, off, out, in the room, on the wall 等,置于句首。
如:■In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor.■在伦敦一所大学的演讲大厅里坐着一位教!授。
,;: ;: ■In this chapter will be found the answers to the questions.■在这一章节里将会发现这些问题的答案。
;■South of the river lies a small factory.■2. such置于句首时,如:■Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the20th century1 s greatest scientist.■这就是爱因斯坦,一个朴素的人,二十世纪最伟大的科学家。
■此句型中的such多被认为是表语,所以,such 后的be动词应与其后的“真正的主语” 保持一致。
如I:■Such are the facts, no one can deny them.■这就是事实,没有人能够否认他们。
■考点二部分倒装■只把谓语的一部分(多为助动词或情态动词)置于主语之前的句子,叫部分倒装句。
这类句型主要也有三种:• 1. only修饰副词介词短语或状语从句,且放在句首时。
高三英语高三第一轮复习:英语语法复习之:省略冀教版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容:英语语法复习之:省略英语省略句用词简练, 表意简练, 往往收到一定的修饰效果, 句中的某些成分因上下文已提供了充分明确信息或前文已出现过的某些成分,为了避免不必要的重复,也不会引起言语上的误解,并可突出中心词,从而使整文紧密连接的一种修辞手法,其语法现象就是省略。
举个例子:Glad to see you. 这是个简单句,主语I和谓语am可以省略。
省略的形式从单词、短语到分句等都可省略, 而且各有其一定的衔接关系。
二. 省略句的分类(一)句中成分的省略1. 主语的省略Beg your pardon. (我)请你原谅。
(Beg前省略了主语I)Come on! 得了吧(你)!(Come前省略了主语You)2. 谓语的省略John is a lawyer,his wife (is)a cleaner.Some of us study Japanese,others (study)English.3. 表语的省略She was a lover of sports as she had been in her youth.(had been后面省略了a lover of sports)4. 宾语的省略Let’s do the cases. I’ll read and you’ll type.(read和type后面省略了宾语cases)5. 定语的省略I spent part of the money, and the rest I gave.(the rest后面省略了定语of the money)6. 状语的省略She wasn’t cry. Strange! (Strange前面省略了状语how)7. 词的省略1)名词、冠词、物主代词或介词如果与前文重复时,可以省略,如:I like red wine better than white (wine).The lightning flashed and (the)thunder crashed.Please take good care of these flowers and (these)plants.We lived in Beijing and (in)Shanghai for some time.2)重复出现的形容词,省略后边的;两个或两个以上被形容词修饰的同一名词,前边的则常被省略。
省略、倒装和强调省略为了使句子结构更加紧密或为了避免重复,而将前面或后面已经出现过的词语省略,或因习惯上的用法而省略部分词语,这样所形成的句子叫省略句。
一. 简单句中的省略1. 省略主语在祈使句或某些习惯性的用法中常省略主语。
如(You) Close the door at once.(It) Sounds fine to me.2. 省略主语和谓语的一部分在表示建议的问句、比较状语从句、感叹句和there be句型中常省略。
如What (do you think) about a cup of tea? He speaks English as well as you (do).What a (good) girl (she is)! (Is there) anything elso to buy?3. 省略宾语、表语这种省略常见于对话的答语中。
如---Which of the two is better?---It’s hard to tell (it).He is hard-working and so is his sister (hard-working).4. 名词所有格后名词的省略名词所有格修饰的名词有上下文已出现或表示店铺、住宅、教堂等地点时常省略。
如These are John’s books and those are Mary’s (books).At her mother’s (house) she passed many happy days.5. 冠词的省略在某些固定短语the next day(morning,week,year …)中,有时为了使语气紧凑,定冠词the常可以省略;在副词的最高级前面定冠词常可以省略;另外在某些独立结构中和as引导的让步状语从句中,常可省略冠词。
如We went to the farm to help the farmers with the harvest (the) next day.He sings (the) best in the class. Child as she is, she knows a lot.6. 介词的省略一些动词搭配构成的短语,如prevent / stop sb(from)doing,have trouble / difficulty/ problems(in)doing,spend time(in)doing等中的介词常可以省略。
第四讲 特殊句式特殊句式近五年仅仅考查过祈使句。
但特殊句式为构建复杂句式、分析长句提供了坚实保障。
备考把握以下内容:1.特殊句式包括:①强调句 ②倒装句 ③省略句 ④祈使句 ⑤感叹句 ⑥附加疑问句2.高考考查热点:①强调句中的it 和that ②特殊句式中的there be ③一些常用的固定表达结构一、完全倒装完全倒装是指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。
此结构通常只用于一般现在时或一般过去时。
二、部分倒装部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分,如助动词或情态动词,置于主语之前。
如果句中的谓语部分不含有助动词或情态动词时,则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前。
将下列句子变为倒装句①She didn’t have supper until her mother returned.→Not until her mother returned did__she__have__supper.②I hardly think it possible to finish the job before dark.→Hardly do__I__think__it__possible__to__finish__the__job__before__dark.③He learned the sad news only after the war.→Only after the war did__he__learn__the__sad__news.④He speaks English so clearly that he can always make himself understood.→So clearly does__he__speak__English__that__he__can__always__make__himself__understood.强调句型的基本结构单句语法填空/补全句子①It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.(天津卷单选改编)②It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house that__we saw Lily in thepassenger seat.(2018·天津卷单选改编)③It__was__not__until__midnight__that the noise of the street stopped.直到午夜,街上的嘈杂声才停止。
专题十四强调句和省略句按照考纲要求,考生应能够恰当地使用词语和强调句式对表达的内容进行强调,近几年的高考试题主要考查考生对谓语动词的强调的理解和强调句型的灵活使用,考查复合句中的强调句式;按照考试大纲的要求,考生还应掌握英语省略的一些基本原则,在行文中正确地使用省略。
强调句一、强调句句型1.陈述句的强调句型:Itis/ was +被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that / who(当强调主语且主语指人)+其他部分。
It wasonthe party that he met oneof his old friends.2.一般疑问句的强调句型:同上,只是把is / was提到it前面。
Was it on thepartythat hemet one of his old friends?3.特殊疑问句的强调句型:被强调部分(通常是疑问代词或疑问副词)+is / was + it +t hat/ who +其他部分?When and where was it thatyouwere born?Imet the filmstar—Jackie ChanatBeijing Airportyesterday.强调主语:It was I (that / who)metthe filmstar—Jackie Chan at Beijing Air portyesterday.强调宾语:It was the filmstar—JackieChan that /who I met atBeijing Airpor tyesterday.强调地点状语:It wasatBeijing Airportthat I metthe filmstar—Jackie Chan yesterday.强调时间状语:It wasyesterday that Imet the film star—Jackie Chan atB eijing Airport.注意:构成强调句的it本身没有词义;强调句中的连接词一般只用that和who,即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此,that和who不可省略;强调句中的时态通常用两种:一般现在时和一般过去时。
原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时,用It was...,其余的时态用It is...二、not...until...句型的强调句1.句型为:Itis /was not until +被强调部分+that+其他部分It was not until thelast operationwas finishedthat Bethune leftthe battle hospital.注意:此句型只用until,不用till。
但如果不是强调句型,till和until可通用。
因为句型中It i s/ wasnot...已经是否定句了,that后面的从句要用肯定句,切勿再用否定句。
三、谓语动词的强调1.It is / was...that...结构不能强调谓语,如果需要强调谓语时,用助动词do/ does或did。
Dositdown.Hedid writetoyoulast week.Dobe careful when youcross the street.注意:此种强调只用do / does和did,没有别的形式;过去时用did ,后面的谓语动词用原形。
省略句为了使讲话和行文简洁,句中某些成分有时可省略。
省略可分以下几种情况:一、简单句中的省略1.省略主语:祈使句中主语通常省略。
其他省略主语的用法多限于少数现成的说法。
(I) Thankyou for yourhelp.(I)See you tomorrow.(It) Doesn't matter.2.省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分。
(There is) No smoking.(Is there) Anything wrong?Why(doyou)notsay hello to him?3.不定式的省略(1)使役动词let, make,have及感官动词see,watch, hear, notice,observe,feel, look at,listento 等后面作宾语补足的不定式要省去to, 但在被动句时应加上to。
Isawthe boy fall fromthe tree.The boy wasseento fallfrom the tree.2)mean,try, want, afford,decide,refuse, wish,like, need, would like, woul dlove...等后面接不定式作宾语时,省略作宾语的不定式。
只保留不定式符号to, 但如果该宾语是动词be或完成时态的不定式时,则需在to后加上be或have。
—Are yougoing there?—Yes,I'd liketo(go there).—Are youan engineer?—No, butI want to be (an engineer).3)tell, warn, order,advise, ask,expect等动词后接不定式作宾补时常省略不定式的宾语补足语。
Thestudents want to enter the lab, but the monitor advisesthem not to (enter the lab).4)两个或两个以上的动词不定式并列在一起由and / or 连接时,第1个不定式带to, 后面的不定式可省去to。
但如表示对比(照)等,则不省略to。
Her job is to takecareofthe childrenand (to) wash clothes.It's bett erto laughthanto cry.5)主(宾)语补足语中的to be往往省略。
He wasthought (to be )the cleverest boyinthe group.6)特殊结构中的省略would sooner,hadbetter, donothing but,have nothing to do but,there's n othing to dobut,can'thelp but, rather than 等后的不定式的符号to常省略。
He would soonerdie than surrender.I'd rather look afterthebaby than washdishes.7)主语部分有一个表“做”的do 的各种形式时,表语不定式常省略“to”。
What I really want to dois(to)go tothecinema.4.省略表语—Are you thirsty?—Yes,I am (thirsty).5.同时省略几个成分Let'smeet at the same place as(we met) yesterday.—Haveyoufinished your work?—(I have) Not(finishedmy work) yet.二、并列句中的省略两个并列分句中,后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。
Myfather is a doctor and my mother(is) a nurse.Istudy atcollege and my sister(studies) at high school.三、主从复合句中的省略1.主句中有一些成分被省略。
(I'm)Sorry to hear thatyou are ill.(It is a) Pity that he missed suchagood chance.2.从句的省略(1)宾语从句以which,when, where, how和why引导的宾语从句在其谓语与主句谓语相同时,可省略全部谓语,甚至主语也省略,仅保留一个wh-词。
She willgo to Beijing,but I don't knowwhen (she will goto Beijing.) (2)状语从句在时间、地点、让步、方式、条件状语从句中,如果主语与主句主语一致,或者主语是it,那么动词be及其主语通常可省略。
常见的有以下几种:时间状语从句: Be carefulwhen (you are) crossingthestreet.条件状语从句:He won'tgotothe party unless (he is) invited.比较状语从句: Country music todayremains much the sameas (it was) before.让步状语从句:Whether(it is) right or wrong, his opinion should be paidattentionto.注意:though和as 引导让步状语从句时,通常从句要倒装。
从句倒装时, 如果从句的表语是可数名词单数, 将名词提前时,名词前面的冠词a/an须省略。
Child as / though heis,heknows much aboutthe society.=Though heis achild, heknows much aboutthe society.注意:有些由if构成的省略结构,已属固定短语,如if any, ifnecessary, if possible, if not, if so等。
If necessary,ringme at home.—He may be busy.—If so, I'llcall later. If not, can Iseehim now?(3)修饰名词way的限制性定语从句常省略in which或that。
Isthis way youtalk to yourparents?(4)强调句It is / was...that...,当强调疑问句时,that 常可省略。
Why wasit (that)you weretenminuteslate?用so或not时切不可用it或that代替。
—Is he comingback tonight?—I think so.—Is he feelingbetter today?—I'm afraid not.这种用法常见的有:How so?Why so?Isthatso?I hope so. He said so.及Isupposenot. Ibelieved not. I hope not等。
(但I don't think so比I thinknot更常用)。