_强调句和省略句讲解
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语法复习五:强调句、It的用法、省略和插入语一、强调句(一)强调句句型1、陈述句的强调句型:It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who (当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其它部分。
e.g. It was yesterday that he met Li Ping.2、一般疑问句的强调句型:同上,只是把is/ was提到it前面。
e.g. Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping?3、特殊疑问句的强调句型:被强调部分(通常是疑问代词或疑问副词)+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其它部分?e.g. When and where was it that you were born?4、强调句例句:针对I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.句子进行强调。
强调主语:It was I that (who) met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.强调宾语:It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday.强调地点状语:It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.强调时间状语:It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.5、注意:构成强调句的it本身没有词义;强调句中的连接词一般只用that, who,即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此,that, who不可省略;强调句中的时态只用两种,一般现在时和一般过去时。
原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时,用It was … ,其余的时态用It is … 。
强调句③did用于对实义动词一般过去时肯定句的强调。
It is (was) +被强调部分+that(who)…句型的变式It is (was) + 被强调部分+that(who)…句式基本特征:Is/ Was it +被强调部分+that…;或情态动词+it+ be+被强调部分+ that…①Was it in 1969 ________ the American astronautssucceeded _______ landing on the moon ?A. when; onB. that; onC. when; inD.that; in②Could it be in the restaurant in ______ you haddinner with me yesterday ______ you lost yourhandbag?A. that; whichB. which; thatC. where; thatD. that; where特殊疑问句形式句式基本特征:特殊疑问词+is/was it that…?或特殊疑问词+情态动词+it+be++被强调部分+that…—_______is it _______has made Peter _______heis today?—Determination.A. What; that; thatB. That; that; whatC. What; what; thatD. What; that; what反意疑问句形式句式基本特征:It is/was+被强调部分+that…,isn’t/ wasn’t it?It was Alice and her boyfriend who sent the old manto the hospital, ______?A. do theyB. didn’t theyC. wasn’t itD.was it强调句与其它句型的结合与名词从句的结合句式特征为:整个强调句型用作名词性从句或者在强调句型中含有名词性从句。
会考复习——倒装句、强调句、省略句I 倒装英语最基本的词序“主语部分+谓语部分”通常⼗分固定。
如果把谓语动词放在主语前⾯,这就叫做倒装。
将谓语动词完全移⾄主语之前,称为完全倒装;如果只是把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前,称为部分倒装。
⼀、全部倒装1.以here, there, now,then开头的句⼦,谓语动词要放在句⼦的主语之前。
这种句⼦中的谓语动词通常是不及物动词。
如:Here comes the train!There goes the bell!注意:如果句⼦的主语是⼈称代词,则不能使⽤倒装结构。
如:Here it comes!/There it goes!2.有些动词短语以副词out,in,up,down,away等结尾,构成不及物动词短语。
这时,为了使句⼦更形象,常将这些副词提前到句⾸。
这时,句中的谓语动词要放在句⼦主语的前⾯,构成全部倒装。
(注意,这时句⼦的主语也必须是名词。
如果是⼈称代词,也不能使⽤倒装结构。
)如:Up went the rocket.Up it went.3.为了强调表⽰地点的介词短语,常将这个介词短语放在句⾸,构成全部倒装。
注意,这时句⼦的谓语动词通常是不及物动词。
如:In the front of the lecture hall sat the speaker.4.表语置于句⾸,且主语较长或结构较复杂的句⼦要⽤全部倒装。
如:Gone are the days when we had nothing to eat.5. There be 句型在There+助动词/情态动词+be+主语+地点/时间的句型中,主语在谓语be动词后⾯,因此这是倒装。
There is a mobile phone and some books on the desk. 桌上有⼀个⼿机和⼀些书。
There are thousands of people gathering on the square. ⼴场上聚集着成千上万的⼈。
倒装、强调和省略倒装Inversion英语的一般语序(自然语序Natural Order)为:主语+ 谓语动词+ 宾语(或表语)+ (状语等附加成分)。
有时为了语法上或修辞上的需要而改变这种语序。
一、语法倒装1. 句首是由某些表示地点状语的副词开头,或者方位副词、介词短语放在句首时,主谓全部倒装(Full Inversion)。
比如:here, back, down, off, in, up,hence, then, thus, often, so,out, up, away, on等,通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时,谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。
主语为主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。
Here is your letter. 这是你的信。
Down came the rain. 下雨了。
Hence comes the name magnet. 由此得名“磁铁”。
Into the sky went the plane. 飞机飞向天空。
Away went the girl to the school! 这个女孩到学校去了!Off goes the woman! 那个女人走了!2. 以there开头,表示“….有….”, “There+be+主语”结构;在正式文体中,当主语不明确是一个很长的名词短语时,用“there+不及物动词+主语”结构。
There are more important matters we need to discuss.我们有很多重要的事情需要讨论。
There entered a strange little man.走进来一个奇怪而身材矮小的人。
3. 主语+ live, stand, lie, sit 等动词+(介词)地点状语的结构中常采用倒装语序。
正常语序:An old temple stands at the top of the hill.倒装语序:At the top of the hill stands an old temple.山顶上有座古庙。
状语从句的省略与强调句型状语从句是英语中常用的一种句子结构,它可以在句子中充当状语,用来修饰动词、形容词、副词等。
在使用状语从句时,有时可以省略部分成分,从而使句子更简洁明了。
同时,通过加入强调句型,我们可以突出状语从句中的重要信息,提高表达的效果。
本文将探讨状语从句的省略与强调句型。
1. 状语从句的省略在英语中,状语从句可以根据情况省略主语、谓语、宾语等成分,以简化句子结构。
状语从句的省略主要体现在时间状语从句、地点状语从句和条件状语从句中。
1.1 时间状语从句通常情况下,时间状语从句与主句之间存在一个连词,如when (当)、while(当...的时候)、after(在...之后)、before(在...之前)等。
但是,当主句中的谓语动词为延续性动词(继续进行的动作或状态)时,时间状语从句的连词和主句的谓语动词可以省略。
例如:- He was reading a book when I arrived.(当我到达时,他正在看书。
)- He was reading a book I arrived.(当我到达时,他正在看书。
)1.2 地点状语从句地点状语从句表示行为发生的地点,通常使用连词where(在哪里)、wherever(无论在哪里)等引导。
然而,在某些情况下,地点状语从句可以省略引导连词where。
例如:- He lives in the house where he was born.(他住在他出生的房子里。
)- He lives in the house he was born.(他住在他出生的房子里。
)1.3 条件状语从句条件状语从句表示主句发生的条件,通常使用连词if(如果)、unless(除非)等引导。
有时,在条件状语从句中的谓语动词是be动词时,可以将if省略。
例如:- If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.(如果明天下雨,我们会待在家里。
省略、倒装和强调省略为了使句子结构更加紧密或为了避免重复,而将前面或后面已经出现过的词语省略,或因习惯上的用法而省略部分词语,这样所形成的句子叫省略句。
一. 简单句中的省略1. 省略主语在祈使句或某些习惯性的用法中常省略主语。
如(You) Close the door at once.(It) Sounds fine to me.2. 省略主语和谓语的一部分在表示建议的问句、比较状语从句、感叹句和there be句型中常省略。
如What (do you think) about a cup of tea? He speaks English as well as you (do).What a (good) girl (she is)! (Is there) anything elso to buy?3. 省略宾语、表语这种省略常见于对话的答语中。
如---Which of the two is better?---It’s hard to tell (it).He is hard-working and so is his sister (hard-working).4. 名词所有格后名词的省略名词所有格修饰的名词有上下文已出现或表示店铺、住宅、教堂等地点时常省略。
如These are John’s books and those are Mary’s (books).At her mother’s (house) she passed many happy days.5. 冠词的省略在某些固定短语the next day(morning,week,year …)中,有时为了使语气紧凑,定冠词the常可以省略;在副词的最高级前面定冠词常可以省略;另外在某些独立结构中和as引导的让步状语从句中,常可省略冠词。
如We went to the farm to help the farmers with the harvest (the) next day.He sings (the) best in the class. Child as she is, she knows a lot.6. 介词的省略一些动词搭配构成的短语,如prevent / stop sb(from)doing,have trouble / difficulty/ problems(in)doing,spend time(in)doing等中的介词常可以省略。
专题十四强调句和省略句按照考纲要求,考生应能够恰当地使用词语和强调句式对表达的内容进行强调,近几年的高考试题主要考查考生对谓语动词的强调的理解和强调句型的灵活使用,考查复合句中的强调句式;按照考试大纲的要求,考生还应掌握英语省略的一些基本原则,在行文中正确地使用省略。
强调句一、强调句句型1.陈述句的强调句型:Itis/ was +被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that / who(当强调主语且主语指人)+其他部分。
It wasonthe party that he met oneof his old friends.2.一般疑问句的强调句型:同上,只是把is / was提到it前面。
Was it on thepartythat hemet one of his old friends?3.特殊疑问句的强调句型:被强调部分(通常是疑问代词或疑问副词)+is / was + it +t hat/ who +其他部分?When and where was it thatyouwere born?Imet the filmstar—Jackie ChanatBeijing Airportyesterday.强调主语:It was I (that / who)metthe filmstar—Jackie Chan at Beijing Air portyesterday.强调宾语:It was the filmstar—JackieChan that /who I met atBeijing Airpor tyesterday.强调地点状语:It wasatBeijing Airportthat I metthe filmstar—Jackie Chan yesterday.强调时间状语:It wasyesterday that Imet the film star—Jackie Chan atB eijing Airport.注意:构成强调句的it本身没有词义;强调句中的连接词一般只用that和who,即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此,that和who不可省略;强调句中的时态通常用两种:一般现在时和一般过去时。
2010高考二轮复习英语教案专题十四强调句、省略句、插入语【专题要点】强调句、省略句、插入语要点概览:1.强调句型“It is/was----that----”的用法。
强调句型的特殊疑问句;2.it强调句型与定语从句、状语从句的区别;3.动词不定式的省略;4.状语从句中的省略,“连词+分词”的省略现象;5.常用插入语:by the way 顺便说,顺便问一下;so far 到目前为止;and so on 等等;on the contrary 相反;no wonder 不足为奇;as a matter of fact 事实上;come along 快点,来吧;in other words 换句话说;as usual 如同以往;as a result 因此,结果。
【考纲要求】按照考纲要求,考生应能够恰当地使用词语和强调句式对表达的内容进行强调,近几年的高考试题主要考查考生对谓语动词的强调的理解和强调句型的灵活使用,考查复合句中的强调句式;按照考试大纲的要求,考生应掌握英语省略的一些基本原则,在行文中正确地使用省略;而近几年的高考试题主要考查定语从句、宾语从句、状语从句、简单句中和交际语境中的省略;按照考纲要求依据不同语境能正确使用插入语,分析近几年的高考题多以考查短语的形式,在交际用语中或句中进行辨析。
【教法指引】仔细研究近年高考题,我们不难发现强调句、省略句、插入语倍受出题者的青睐。
在近五年的高考试卷中强调句、省略句已经成为高考热点。
命题者加大了对句子结构复杂程度和知识面的考查,同时注重考查知识之间的交叉和语法知识的力度。
这就要求教师在平时引导考生在复习和备考中注意总结,全面把握,深入研究。
具体说把握强调句以下四大考点:(1)考查强调句式的基本结构(2)考查含有“not…until…”句型的强调句式(3)考查强调句式的疑问句(4)考查强调句式的正确判断省略是高考英语考试大纲要求掌握的的语法项目之一,虽然不是每年必考项目,但不少省份有所涉及省略这一语法项目。
第十五节省略句省略是指在不产生语言错误,不引起误解和歧义的条件下,删去句中某些部分。
省略那些使句子冗长的现象,减少不必要的重复,信息中心突出,是强调手段之一。
例如:Fruit and vegetables should be carefully washed whether ( they are) eaten fresh or cooked.(不管是生吃还是熟吃,水果和蔬菜都应该认真地洗一洗。
)—Has the deadline passed? (最后期限过去了吗?)—( The deadline has) Not yet (passed).(还没有。
)省略可以使句子结构更为紧凑,句间关系更为密切,是话语单位和语篇中连接手段之一。
例如:Pushkin was Russia's greatest poet,and Tolstoy( was) her greatest novelist.(普希金是俄国最伟大的诗人,托尔斯泰是俄国最伟大的小说家。
)—We are bound to win the prize some day or other.(我们总有一天会获奖的。
)—Yes,but when (shall we win the prize)?(是的,不过是哪一天呢?)一、按照省略所依据的条件,省略可分为上下文省略、语境省略和语法结构省略(一)依赖于上下文的省略这类省略常见于并列结构和结构相似的句子。
—般可以从省略句的上下文中找出被省略的部分。
例如: Would a check-person at a large supermarket return money to a customer? It is less likely.(一家大的超级市场的收银员会把多收的钱还给顾客吗?可能性较小。
)(it代指被省略的部分:that check-person at a large supermarket would return money to a customer.)If you want me to,I'll go and buy more colored paper.(如果你要我去多买些彩纸我就去买。
语法复习五:强调句、It的用法、省略和插入语一、强调句(一)强调句句型1、陈述句的强调句型:It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其它部分。
e.g. It was yesterday that he met Li Ping.2、一般疑问句的强调句型:同上,只是把is/ was提到it前面。
e.g. Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping?3、特殊疑问句的强调句型:被强调部分(通常是疑问代词或疑问副词)+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其它部分?e.g. When and where was it that you were born?4、强调句例句:针对I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.句子进行强调。
强调主语:It was I that (who) met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.强调宾语:It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday.强调地点状语:It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.强调时间状语:It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.5、注意:构成强调句的it本身没有词义;强调句中的连接词一般只用that, who,即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此,that, who不可省略;强调句中的时态只用两种,一般现在时和一般过去时。
原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时,用It was … ,其余的时态用It is … 。
强调句和省略句按照考纲要求,考生应能够恰当地使用词语和强调句式对表达的内容进行强调,近几年的高考试题主要考查考生对谓语动词的强调的理解和强调句型的灵活使用,考查复合句中的强调句式;按照考试大纲的要求,考生还应掌握英语省略的一些基本原则,在行文中正确地使用省略。
强调句一、强调句句型1.陈述句的强调句型:It is / was +被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+that / who(当强调主语且主语指人)+其他部分。
It was on the party that he met one of his old friends.2.一般疑问句的强调句型:同上,只是把is / was提到it前面。
Was it on the party that he met one of his old friends?3.特殊疑问句的强调句型:被强调部分(通常是疑问代词或疑问副词)+is / was +it +that / who +其他部分?When and where was it that you were born?I met the film star—Jackie Chan at Beijing Airport yesterday.强调主语:It was I (that / who) met the film star—Jackie Chan at Beijing Airport yesterday.强调宾语:It was the film star—Jackie Chan that / who I met at Beijing Airport yesterday.强调地点状语:It was at Beijing Airport that I met the film star—Jackie Chan yesterday.强调时间状语:It was yesterday that I met the film star—Jackie Chan at Beijing Airport.注意:构成强调句的it本身没有词义;强调句中的连接词一般只用that和who,即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此,that和who不可省略;强调句中的时态通常用两种:一般现在时和一般过去时。
原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时,用It was...,其余的时态用It is...二、not...until...句型的强调句1.句型为:It is / was not until +被强调部分+that +其他部分It was not until the last operation was finished that Bethune left the battle hospital.注意:此句型只用until,不用till。
但如果不是强调句型,till和until可通用。
因为句型中It is / was not...已经是否定句了,that后面的从句要用肯定句,切勿再用否定句。
三、谓语动词的强调1.It is / was...that...结构不能强调谓语,如果需要强调谓语时,用助动词do / does或did。
Do sit down.He did write to you last week.Do be careful when you cross the street.注意:此种强调只用do / does和did ,没有别的形式;过去时用did ,后面的谓语动词用原形。
省略句为了使讲话和行文简洁,句中某些成分有时可省略。
省略可分以下几种情况:一、简单句中的省略1.省略主语:祈使句中主语通常省略。
其他省略主语的用法多限于少数现成的说法。
(I) Thank you for your help.(I) See you tomorrow.(It) Doesn't matter.2.省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分。
(There is) No smoking.(Is there) Anything wrong?Why (do you) not say hello to him?3.不定式的省略(1)使役动词let, make, have及感官动词see, watch, hear, notice, observe, feel, look at, listen to 等后面作宾语补足的不定式要省去to, 但在被动句时应加上to。
I saw the boy fall from the tree.The boy was seen to fall from the tree.2)mean, try, want, afford, decide, refuse, wish, like, need, would like, would love...等后面接不定式作宾语时,省略作宾语的不定式。
只保留不定式符号to, 但如果该宾语是动词be 或完成时态的不定式时,则需在to后加上be 或have。
—Are you going there?—Yes, I'd like to (go there).—Are you an engineer?—No, but I want to be (an engineer).3)tell, warn, order, advise, ask, expect等动词后接不定式作宾补时常省略不定式的宾语补足语。
The students want to enter the lab, but the monitor advises them not to (enter the lab).4)两个或两个以上的动词不定式并列在一起由and / or 连接时,第1个不定式带to, 后面的不定式可省去to。
但如表示对比(照)等,则不省略to。
Her job is to take care of the children and (to) wash clothes. It's better to laugh than to cry.5)主(宾)语补足语中的to be 往往省略。
He was thought (to be ) the cleverest boy in the group.6)特殊结构中的省略would sooner, had better, do nothing but, have nothing to do but, there's nothing to do but, can't help but, rather than 等后的不定式的符号to常省略。
He would sooner die than surrender.I'd rather look after the baby than wash dishes.7)主语部分有一个表“做”的do 的各种形式时,表语不定式常省略“to”。
What I really want to do is (to) go to the cinema.4.省略表语—Are you thirsty?—Yes, I am (thirsty).5.同时省略几个成分Let's meet at the same place as (we met) yesterday.—Have you finished your work?—(I have) Not (finished my work) yet.二、并列句中的省略两个并列分句中,后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。
My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse.I study at college and my sister (studies) at high school.三、主从复合句中的省略1.主句中有一些成分被省略。
(I'm) Sorry to hear that you are ill.(It is a) Pity that he missed such a good chance.2.从句的省略(1)宾语从句以which, when, where, how和why引导的宾语从句在其谓语与主句谓语相同时,可省略全部谓语,甚至主语也省略,仅保留一个wh-词。
She will go to Beijing, but I don't know when (she will go to Beijing.)(2)状语从句在时间、地点、让步、方式、条件状语从句中,如果主语与主句主语一致,或者主语是it,那么动词be及其主语通常可省略。
常见的有以下几种:时间状语从句:Be careful when (you are) crossing the street.条件状语从句:He won't go to the party unless (he is) invited.比较状语从句:Country music today remains much the same as (it was) before.让步状语从句:Whether (it is) right or wrong, his opinion should be paid attention to.注意:though和as 引导让步状语从句时,通常从句要倒装。
从句倒装时,如果从句的表语是可数名词单数,将名词提前时,名词前面的冠词a / an须省略。
Child as / though he is, he knows much about the society.=Though he is a child, he knows much about the society.注意:有些由if 构成的省略结构,已属固定短语,如if any, if necessary, if possible, if not, if so等。
If necessary, ring me at home.—He may be busy.—If so, I'll call later. If not, can I see him now?(3)修饰名词way 的限制性定语从句常省略in which或that。
Is this way you talk to your parents?(4)强调句It is / was...that...,当强调疑问句时,that 常可省略。
Why was it (that) you were ten minutes late?用so或not时切不可用it或that代替。
—Is he coming back tonight?—I think so.—Is he feeling better today?—I'm afraid not.这种用法常见的有:How so? Why so? Is that so? I hope so. He said so.及I suppose not. I believed not. I hope not等。